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Farias L, Beszteri B, Burfeid Castellanos AM, Doliwa A, Enss J, Feld CK, Grabner D, Lampert KP, Mayombo NAS, Prati S, Schürings C, Smollich E, Schäfer RB, Sures B, Le TTY. Influence of salinity on the thermal tolerance of aquatic organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:176120. [PMID: 39260473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are challenged by changes in their external environment, such as temperature and salinity fluctuations. If these variables interacted with each other, the response of organisms to temperature changes would be modified by salinity and vice versa. We tested for potential interaction between temperature and salinity effects on freshwater, brackish, and marine organisms, including algae, macrophytes, heterotrophic protists, parasites, invertebrates, and fish. We performed a meta-analysis that compared the thermal tolerance (characterised by the temperature optimum, lower and upper temperature limits, and thermal breadth) at various salinities. The meta-analysis was based on 90 articles (algae: 15; heterotrophic protists: 1; invertebrates: 43; and fish: 31). Studies on macrophytes and parasites were lacking. We found that decreasing salinity significantly increased and decreased the lower and upper temperature limits, respectively, in all groups. Thus, a lowered salinity increased the thermal sensitivity of organisms. These findings mainly reflect the response of brackish and marine organisms to salinity changes, which dominated our database. The few studies on freshwater species showed that their lower thermal limits increased and the upper thermal limits decreased with increasing salinity, albeit statistically nonsignificant. Although non-significant, the response of thermal tolerance to salinity changes differed between various organism groups. It generally decreased in the order of: algae > invertebrates > fish. Overall, our findings indicate adverse effects of salinity changes on the temperature tolerance of aquatic organisms. For freshwater species, studies are comparatively scarce and further studies on their thermal performance at various salinity gradients are required to obtain more robust evidence for interactions between salinity and temperature tolerance. Considering test conditions such as acclimation temperature and potential infection with parasites in future studies may decrease the variability in the relationship between salinity and thermal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Farias
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Bánk Beszteri
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Department of Phycology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | - Annemie Doliwa
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Julian Enss
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Christian K Feld
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Grabner
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Sebastian Prati
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Schürings
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Esther Smollich
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Ecotoxicology, Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - T T Yen Le
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.
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Mikulski P, Santos‐Aberturas J. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exhibits stress memory in the accumulation of triacylglycerols induced by nitrogen deprivation. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:10-15. [PMID: 37283691 PMCID: PMC10168029 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress memory is a phenomenon whereby exposure to initial stress event influences a response to subsequent stress exposures. Studying stress memory is important to understand the cellular behavior in dynamic environment, especially nowadays, in times with growing environmental instability. Stress memory has been characterized in vascular plants but its occurrence in nonvascular plant species has been rarely investigated. We hypothesized that stress memory occurs in nonvascular plants in relation to metabolic stress. We sought to test it using accumulation of lipids (triacylglycerols) in model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii subjected to nitrogen deprivation stress as a model system. Here, we established stress memory protocol on C. reinhardtii cells. Using a blend of microscopy and gas chromatography methods, we showed that the cells exposed to recurrent stress show differential accumulation of triacylglycerols on the quantitative level without qualitative changes in lipid composition, comparing to single stress controls. Overall, our results suggest that metabolic stress memory does occur in nonvascular plant C. reinhardtii and provides a starting point to characterize mechanistic principles of metabolic stress memory. Due to the commercial potential of algae, our findings are relevant for basic science, as well as industrial production of algae-derived compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Mikulski
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes CentreNorwichUK
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Cabrera J, Marcoval MA, Díaz-Jaramillo M, Gonzalez M. Single and Combined Effects of Cypermethrin and UVR Pre-Exposure in the Microalgae Phaeodactylum Tricornutum. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:507-516. [PMID: 34545442 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coastal marine microalgae are exposed to anthropogenic pollutants, including pesticides from aquaculture/agriculture/household uses. Some microalgae species, such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum, can induce and accumulate UV-absorbing compounds (UACs) upon ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to prevent deleterious effects. Tolerance mechanisms activated by natural stressors might also protect organisms from anthropogenic stressors. This work assesses the effects of the insecticide cypermethrin (Cyp) and UVR in the marine microalgae P tricornutum. Considering the pro-oxidant properties of both stressors and UACs' induction in P tricornutum, lethal and sublethal effects of Cyp were tested in cultures with and without UVR acclimation. After a 24-h exposure to 10 μg L-1 of technical Cyp or culture medium, UACs, growth, glutathione-S-transferase activity (GST), sulfhydryl groups (SH-g), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed. Results showed differences in terms of growth between Cyp and Cyp + UVR pre-exposure. UACs' content was induced after UVR acclimation and diminished after 24 h of growth in control and UVR pre-treated cultures, while levels remained constant under Cyp exposure. A single Cyp exposure exerted GST induction, SH-g depletion, and LPO increments. In UVR-acclimatized treatments, oxidative stress responses showed similar or more pronounced effects than the single chemical exposure, suggesting a potential additive effect of the UVR acclimation. The contrasting effects of Cyp + UVR observed between growth and biochemical responses suggest different compensatory mechanisms that need to be further investigated. Also, it highlights the need to include both lethal and sublethal endpoints to understand microalgae's tolerance and its significance in the multiple stressors' context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Cabrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Estresores Múltiples en el Ambiente (EMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Laboratorio de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ma Alejandra Marcoval
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Laboratorio de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Jaramillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Estresores Múltiples en el Ambiente (EMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Estresores Múltiples en el Ambiente (EMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602AYL, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhang B, Wu J, Meng F. Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microalgae: A Review of the Regulation of Growth, Stress Resistance, Metabolic Processes, and Biodegradation of Pollutants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:737248. [PMID: 34484172 PMCID: PMC8416440 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments are a serviceable method for the industrial utilization of the microalgae, which can improve the phenotype, performance, and stability of microalgae to obtain strains containing beneficial mutations. In this article, we reviewed the research into the microalgae ALE test and assessed the improvement of microalgae growth, tolerance, metabolism, and substrate utilization by ALE. In addition, the principles of ALE and the key factors of experimental design, as well as the issues and drawbacks of the microalgae ALE method were discussed. In general, improving the efficiency of ALE and verifying the stability of ALE resulting strains are the primary problems that need to be solved in future research, making it a promising method for the application of microalgae biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiangyue Wu
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Cheloni G, Gagnaux V, Slaveykova VI. Species-species interactions modulate copper toxicity under different visible light conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:771-777. [PMID: 30593990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Combination of biotic and abiotic factors influences the effects of naturally occurring or anthropogenic chemicals on photosynthetic microorganisms in the aquatic environment. Nonetheless, the combined effects of physical stressors and species-species interaction on chemicals' toxicity are still poorly understood. The present study examines the responses of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. alone and in mixtures to copper exposure under increasing visible light intensities. Cell growth, chlorophyll bleaching, oxidative stress and membrane permeability were determined by flow cytometry in both mono- and multi-species tests. The results revealed that species-species interactions influenced copper toxicity under different light regimes at 4 h and 48 h - exposure. For a given light condition, monocultures of Synechocystis sp. were more sensitive to copper than those of C. reinhardtii. In long-term incubation C. reinhardtii sensitivity to copper diminished in presence of Synechocystis sp. under low-intensity light, however it was enhanced under high-intensity light. The present results revealed the complex interplay between visible light intensity variations, species-species interaction and copper effects to phytoplankton in long- term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cheloni
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for environmental and aquatic sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Bvd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Gagnaux
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for environmental and aquatic sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Bvd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department F.-A. Forel for environmental and aquatic sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Uni Carl Vogt, Bvd Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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Almeida AC, Gomes T, Langford K, Thomas KV, Tollefsen KE. Oxidative stress in the algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to biocides. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 189:50-59. [PMID: 28582701 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of biocides can be associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative damage, interfering with the normal function of photosynthetic organisms. This study investigated the formation and effects of ROS in the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to three environmentally relevant biocides, aclonifen, dichlofluanid and triclosan. After a first screening to identify which biocides induced ROS, a 24h multi-endpoint analysis was used to verify the possible consequences. A battery of high-throughput methods was applied in algae for measuring ROS formation, reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), photosystem (PS) II performance and pigments (chlorophylls a, b and carotenoids). Results show that only aclonifen induced ROS after the first 6h exposure, with the other two biocides not showing any ROS formation. Aclonifen, a Protox and carotenoid inhibitor, induced a concentration-dependent ROS formation, LPO and interfered with algae pigments content, while no alterations were detected in GSH content. A significant effect was also seen in the photosynthetic process, especially a reduction in the maximum and effective quantum yields, accompanied by alterations in energy dissipation in PSII reaction centers and the impairment of the electron transport rate. This study demonstrated the successful use of a battery of high-throughput methods for quickly screening biocides capacity to induce the formation of ROS and the subsequent effects in C. reinhardtii, thus revealing their mode of action (MoA) at concentrations before an impact on growth can become effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Katherine Langford
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Yang H, Meng Y, Song Y, Tan Y, Warren A, Li J, Lin X. Salinity fluctuation influencing biological adaptation: growth dynamics and Na + /K + -ATPase activity in a euryhaline bacterium. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:617-624. [PMID: 28493363 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although salinity fluctuation is a prominent characteristic of many coastal ecosystems, its effects on biological adaptation have not yet been fully recognized. To test the salinity fluctuations on biological adaptation, population growth dynamics and Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity were investigated in the euryhaline bacterium Idiomarina sp. DYB, which was acclimated at different salinity exposure levels, exposure times, and shifts in direction of salinity. Results showed: (1) bacterial population growth dynamics and Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity changed significantly in response to salinity fluctuation; (2) patterns of variation in bacterial growth dynamics were related to exposure times, levels of salinity, and shifts in direction of salinity change; (3) significant tradeoffs were detected between growth rate (r) and carrying capacity (K) on the one hand, and Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity on the other; and (4) beneficial acclimation was confirmed in Idiomarina sp. DYB. In brief, this study demonstrated that salinity fluctuation can change the population growth dynamics, Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity, and tradeoffs between r, K, and Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity, thus facilitating bacterial adaption in a changing environment. These findings provide constructive information for determining biological response patterns to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yang Meng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Youxin Song
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yalin Tan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Jiqiu Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Rondon R, Grunau C, Fallet M, Charlemagne N, Sussarellu R, Chaparro C, Montagnani C, Mitta G, Bachère E, Akcha F, Cosseau C. Effects of a parental exposure to diuron on Pacific oyster spat methylome. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2017; 3:dvx004. [PMID: 29492306 PMCID: PMC5804544 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental epigenetic is an emerging field that studies the cause-effect relationship between environmental factors and heritable trait via an alteration in epigenetic marks. This field has received much attentions since the impact of environmental factors on different epigenetic marks have been shown to be associated with a broad range of phenotypic disorders in natural ecosystems. Chemical pollutants have been shown to affect immediate epigenetic information carriers of several aquatic species but the heritability of the chromatin marks and the consequences for long term adaptation remain open questions. In this work, we investigated the impact of the diuron herbicide on the DNA methylation pattern of spat from exposed Crassotrea gigas genitors. This oyster is one of the most important mollusk species produced worldwide and a key coastal economic resource in France. The whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS, BS-Seq) was applied to obtain a methylome at single nucleotide resolution on DNA extracted from spat issued from diuron exposed genitors comparatively to control spat. We showed that the parental diuron exposure has an impact on the DNA methylation pattern of its progeny. Most of the differentially methylated regions occurred within coding sequences and we showed that this change in methylation level correlates with RNA level only in a very small group of genes. Although the DNA methylation profile is variable between individuals, we showed conserved DNA methylation patterns in response to parental diuron exposure. This relevant result opens perspectives for the setting of new markers based on epimutations as early indicators of marine pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rondon
- Ifremer, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Christoph Grunau
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Manon Fallet
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Nicolas Charlemagne
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l’ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Rossana Sussarellu
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l’ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Caroline Montagnani
- Ifremer, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Evelyne Bachère
- Ifremer, IHPE UMR 5244, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Farida Akcha
- Ifremer, Department of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rue de l’ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Céline Cosseau
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, F-66860 Perpignan, France
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Lagarde F, Olivier O, Zanella M, Daniel P, Hiard S, Caruso A. Microplastic interactions with freshwater microalgae: Hetero-aggregation and changes in plastic density appear strongly dependent on polymer type. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 215:331-339. [PMID: 27236494 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the interactions between microplastics, chosen among the most widely used in industry such as polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and a model freshwater microalgae, Chlamydomas reinhardtii, were investigated. It was shown that the presence of high concentrations of microplastics with size >400 μm did not directly impact the growth of microalgae in the first days of contact and that the expression of three genes involved in the stress response was not modified after 78 days. In parallel, a similar colonization was observed for the two polymers. However, after 20 days of contact, in the case of PP only, hetero-aggregates constituted of microalgae, microplastics and exopolysaccharides were formed. An estimation of the hetero-aggregates composition was approximately 50% of PP fragments and 50% of microalgae, which led to a final density close to 1.2. Such hetero-aggregates appear as an important pathway for the vertical transport of PP microplastics from the water surface to sediment. Moreover, after more than 70 days of contact with microplastics, the microalgae genes involved in the sugar biosynthesis pathways were strongly over-expressed compared to control conditions. The levels of over-expression were higher in the case of HDPE than in PP condition. This work presents the first evidence that depending on their chemical nature, microplastics will follow different fates in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Lagarde
- Institut des Molécules et des Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex, France.
| | - Ophélie Olivier
- Institut des Molécules et des Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex, France; Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Marie Zanella
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Daniel
- Institut des Molécules et des Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Hiard
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex, France
| | - Aurore Caruso
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex, France
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