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Li Y, Liu H, Wang S, Fang W, Jiang X, Zhang G, Zhao Y. Fast screening of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Ginkgo biloba leaf by using α-glucosidase immobilized on magnetic metal-organic framework. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400342. [PMID: 39031453 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a ligand fishing method for the screening of α-glucosidase inhibitors from Ginkgo biloba leaf was established for the first time using α-glucosidase immobilized on the magnetic metal-organic framework. The immobilized α-glucosidase exhibited enhanced resistance to temperature and pH, as well as good thermal stability and reusability. Two ligands, namely quercitrin and quercetin, were screened from Ginkgo biloba leaf and identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values for quercitrin and quercetin were determined to be 105.69 ± 0.39 and 83.49 ± 0.79 µM, respectively. Molecular docking further confirmed the strong inhibitory effect of these two ligands. The proposed approach in this study demonstrates exceptional efficiency in the screening of α-glucosidase inhibitors from complex natural medicinal plants, thus exhibiting significant potential for the discovery of antidiabetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sikai Wang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Fang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Ranjana S, Srivastava A, Goyal A, Singh IP, Jachak SM. Quantitative analysis of tiliroside and other flavonoid glycosides in Hippophae salicifolia D. Don leaves by HPLC-PDA. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1445-1450. [PMID: 36445311 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2148244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A new HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of five phenolic compounds (trans-and cis- isomers of tiliroside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside, ellagic acid, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside) in the leaves of Hippophae salicifolia D. Don. Of the five compounds, three (tiliroside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside and ellagic acid) were isolated and characterised by spectroscopy techniques. The developed HPLC method provided a selective, sensitive and rapid analysis with good linearity (r2> 0.999), accuracy and precision. Also, the leaves of H. salicifolia were extracted by three different extraction techniques viz. reflux, microwave and ultrasound. Methanolic extracts prepared by reflux method showed the highest content of all the five compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Ranjana
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
| | - Alok Goyal
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay M Jachak
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab, India
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Sheema, Zafar S, Uddin G, Rashid A. A comprehensive review on the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of the genus Malvastrum. Fitoterapia 2023; 171:105666. [PMID: 37673276 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Malvastrum, from the family Malvaceae, is a small genus of twenty four species, distributed worldwide. Some of the species have a long and rich history of ethnobotanical and traditional medicinal uses. Few reports of systematic scientific studies can be found in the literature which highlight the rich chemical profile and pharmacological properties of the genus. This is the first ever attempt to compile the available literature and provide a critical overview for future studies on the genus. For this purpose, several databases, such as PubMed, Scifinder, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and others were utilized. Literature records the presence of bioactive metabolites in the genus, effective against dysentery, gastrointestinal distress, fever, enteritis, hepatitis, cough, sore throat, arthritis, and diabetes. Seventy four biologically active secondary metabolites have been identified from different species of Malvastrum, including four pure isolates. Furthermore, this report also documents their potential properties. This article may prove as a milestone for new researchers, eager to work on Malvastrum species and perform further in-depth studies on this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheema
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Salman Zafar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Ghias Uddin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Afsana Rashid
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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4
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Trendafilova A, Staleva P, Petkova Z, Ivanova V, Evstatieva Y, Nikolova D, Rasheva I, Atanasov N, Topouzova-Hristova T, Veleva R, Moskova-Doumanova V, Dimitrov V, Simova S. Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Potential, Antimicrobial Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Dry Extract from Rosa damascena Mill. Molecules 2023; 28:7666. [PMID: 38005389 PMCID: PMC10674922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry rose extract (DRE) obtained industrially by aqueous ethanol extraction from R. damascena flowers and its phenolic-enriched fraction, obtained by re-extraction with ethyl acetate (EAE) were the subject of this study. 1H NMR of DRE allowed the identification and quantitation of fructose and glucose, while the combined use of HPLC-DAD-ESIMS and HPLC-HRMS showed the presence of 14 kaempferol glycosides, 12 quercetin glycosides, 4 phenolic acids and their esters, 4 galloyl glycosides, 7 ellagitannins, and quinic acid. In addition, the structures of 13 of the flavonoid glycosides were further confirmed by NMR. EAE was found to be richer in TPC and TFC and showed better antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) compared to DRE. Both extracts displayed significant activity against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis, but showed no activity against Candida albicans. Toxicity tests on normal human skin fibroblasts revealed low toxicity for both extracts with stronger effects observed at 24 hours of treatment that were compensated for over the following two days. Human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells exhibited an opposite response after treatment with a concentration above 350 µg/mL for EAE and 500 µg/mL for DRE, showing increased toxicity after the third day of treatment. Lower concentrations were non-toxic and did not significantly affect the cell cycle parameters of either of the cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoaneta Trendafilova
- Laboratory Chemistry of Natural Products, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Plamena Staleva
- Laboratory Organic Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.S.); (Z.P.); (V.D.)
- Research and Development and Innovation Consortium, Sofia Tech Park, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zhanina Petkova
- Laboratory Organic Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.S.); (Z.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Viktoria Ivanova
- Laboratory Chemistry of Natural Products, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Yana Evstatieva
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.E.); (D.N.); (I.R.); (N.A.); (T.T.-H.); (R.V.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Dilyana Nikolova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.E.); (D.N.); (I.R.); (N.A.); (T.T.-H.); (R.V.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Iliyana Rasheva
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.E.); (D.N.); (I.R.); (N.A.); (T.T.-H.); (R.V.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Nikola Atanasov
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.E.); (D.N.); (I.R.); (N.A.); (T.T.-H.); (R.V.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Tanya Topouzova-Hristova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.E.); (D.N.); (I.R.); (N.A.); (T.T.-H.); (R.V.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Ralitsa Veleva
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.E.); (D.N.); (I.R.); (N.A.); (T.T.-H.); (R.V.); (V.M.-D.)
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Veselina Moskova-Doumanova
- Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.E.); (D.N.); (I.R.); (N.A.); (T.T.-H.); (R.V.); (V.M.-D.)
| | - Vladimir Dimitrov
- Laboratory Organic Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.S.); (Z.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Svetlana Simova
- Bulgarian NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Viteri R, Giordano A, Montenegro G, Zacconi FC. Flavonoids and triterpenes isolated from Eucryphia cordifolia (Cunoniaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Park GK, Jang W, Kim BY, Oh K, Kim YA, Kwon HJ, Kim S, Park BJ. Chemical constituents from
Hibiscus hamabo
and their antiphotoaging effects on
UVA
‐induced
CCD
‐986sk. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwee Kyo Park
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Wookju Jang
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Yun Kim
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Eon Oh
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - You Ah. Kim
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Joon Kwon
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Soo‐Young Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Biological Resources Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Jun Park
- Skin & Natural Products Laboratory Kolmar Korea Co., Ltd Seoul Republic of Korea
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Yin X, Wang M, Xia Z. In vitro evaluation of intestinal absorption of tiliroside from Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:728-736. [PMID: 33874851 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1904304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn and its main component tiliroside (TIL) show good bioactivity, its intestinal absorption data supporting its low bioavailability have not been reported.The evaluation results of three absorption models in vitro and in vivo indicated that the results of the Ussing chamber model were basically consistent with the results of in vivo experiments. It was thus applied to investigate the characteristics of TIL across various intestinal regions and the interaction between TIL and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette family proteins (ABC) including, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP).The data of the bi-directional transport showed that the ileum had the higher apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of TIL than duodenum and jejunum, suggesting the best absorption of TIL in the ileum.In the presence of the MRP2 inhibitor, the absorption of TIL from water extracts of E. gardneri (Wall.) Meisn (WAE) was improved, indicating that MRP2 other than P-gp and BCRP affected the absorption of TIL and might be responsible for its low bioavailability. This study laid the foundation for enhancing the bioavailability of TIL and highlighted the influences of efflux transporters on bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Elhady SS, Abdelhameed RFA, El-Ayouty MM, Ibrahim AK, Habib ES, Elgawish MS, Hassanean HA, Safo MK, Nafie MS, Ahmed SA. New Antiproliferative Triflavanone from Thymelaea hirsuta-Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030739. [PMID: 33572651 PMCID: PMC7867015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study isolates from Thymelaea hirsuta, a wild plant from the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, were identified and their selective cytotoxicity levels were evaluated. Phytochemical examination of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of the methanolic (MeOH) extract of the plant led to the isolation of a new triflavanone compound (1), in addition to the isolation of nine previously reported compounds. These included five dicoumarinyl ethers found in Thymelaea: daphnoretin methyl ether (2), rutamontine (3), neodaphnoretin (4), acetyldaphnoretin (5), and edgeworthin (6); two flavonoids: genkwanin (7) and trans-tiliroside (8); p-hydroxy benzoic acid (9) and β sitosterol glucoside (10). Eight of the isolated compounds were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against Vero and HepG2 cell lines using a sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 8.6, 12.3 and 9.4 μM, respectively, yet these compounds exhibited non-toxic activities against the Vero cells. Additionally, compound 1 further exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against both MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells, with IC50 values of 4.26 and 9.6 μM, respectively. Compound 1 significantly stimulated apoptotic breast cancer cell death, resulting in a 14.97-fold increase and arresting 40.57% of the cell population at the Pre-G1 stage of the cell cycle. Finally, its apoptosis-inducing activity was further validated through activation of BAX and caspase-9, and inhibition of BCL2 levels. In silico molecular docking experiments revealed a good binding mode profile of the isolates towards Ras activation/pathway mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK); a common molecular pathway in the development and progression of liver tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reda F. A. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Mayada M. El-Ayouty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Amany K. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Eman S. Habib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Mohamed S. Elgawish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Hashim A. Hassanean
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
| | - Martin K. Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA;
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (R.F.A.A.); (M.M.E.-A.); (A.K.I.); (E.S.H.); (H.A.H.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-010-92638387; Fax: +20-064-3230741
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Devi S, Lakhera AK, Kumar V. Structural analysis and antioxidant activity of an arabinoxylan from Malvastrum coromandelianum L. (Garcke). RSC Adv 2019; 9:24267-24279. [PMID: 35527870 PMCID: PMC9069662 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malvastrum coromandelianum L. (Garcke) is extensively used in traditional medicinal systems to treat various ailments. In the present study, an alkali-soluble polysaccharide (MAP) was isolated from the leaves of M. coromandelianum in 1.15% (w/w) yield. MAP was composed of l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-glucose and d-galactose in a 1.00 : 6.04 : 19.88 : 1.07 : 3.03 molar ratio along with d-glucuronic acid (1.95). Methylation/linkage analysis revealed a backbone of →4)-β-d-Xylp(1→ (30.09 mol%) with a side chain of →3)-α-l-Araf(1→ (15.21 mol%) residues. The structure of MAP was elucidated by a combination of degradative and derivatization techniques, including hydrolysis, alditol acetate derivatization, methylation, GC-MS, partial hydrolysis, ESI-MS and NMR (1D, 2D) spectral analysis. Based on correlation analysis, MAP was found to be an arabinoxylan comprising a backbone of →4)-β-d-linked Xylp(1→ with branching at O-2 by a →3)-α-l-Araf(1→ and →3)-β-d-Xylp(1→ chain. MAP also exhibited ferric ion reducing activity, with a reducing power of 0.914 ± 0.01 (R 2 = 0.972) at 1 mg mL-1 concentration, which showed dose-dependent behavior. MAP can be utilized as a potential antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Devi
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute Dehradun India +91-135-2756865 +91-9410555335
| | - Ajeet K Lakhera
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute Dehradun India +91-135-2756865 +91-9410555335
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, Forest Research Institute Dehradun India +91-135-2756865 +91-9410555335
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10
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Grochowski DM, Locatelli M, Granica S, Cacciagrano F, Tomczyk M. A Review on the Dietary Flavonoid Tiliroside. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1395-1421. [PMID: 33350157 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among flavonoid derivatives, tiliroside is a flavonoid contained in several edible plants or specific plant parts (fruits, leaves, or roots). These parts are often widely used as both food and medicines, in the treatment of various ailments and, in some cases, as food supplements. Considering the easy access to many publications concerning tiliroside and the lack of a review that summarizes the current progress in studies on its safety, efficacy, and presence in the plant kingdom, we present here a review paper on tiliroside and its principal derivatives. The paper also highlights the basic knowledge regarding this molecule, its derivatives, and the analytical approaches used for extraction and quantification, as well as reports on the biological activities against different key enzymes linked to various human diseases. The reported information is also devoted to highlighting the concept "learn from nature to discover new products," particularly in the development of new drugs, food supplements, and nutraceuticals, starting from a natural lead compound such as tiliroside and improving its biological activities (and selectivities) against a specific target for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Grochowski
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Div. of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Univ. of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Dept. of Pharmacy, Univ. "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Warsaw Medical Univ., Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Tomczyk
- Dept. of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Div. of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Univ. of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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