1
|
Skórczewska K, Wilczewski S, Lewandowski K. Multiscale Carbon Fibre-Carbon Nanotube Composites of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)-An Evaluation of Their Properties and Structure. Molecules 2024; 29:1479. [PMID: 38611759 PMCID: PMC11013313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, there has been limited information in the literature on the application of carbon fibre-carbon nanotube systems for the modification of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrixes by micro- and nanometric fillers and an evaluation of the properties of the unique materials produced. This paper presents the results of newly designed unique multiscale composites. The advantages of the simultaneous use of carbon fibres (CFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in PVC modification are discussed. To increase the dispersibility of the nanofiller, CFs together with nanotubes were subjected to a sonication process. The resulting material was introduced into PVC blends, which were processed by extrusion. The ratio of components in the hybrid filler with CF_CNT was 20:1, and its proportion in the PVC matrix was 1, 5, and 10 wt.%, respectively. Comparatively, PVC composites modified only with carbon fibres were obtained. The structure, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties and swelling resistance of the composites were studied. The study showed a favourable homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes in the PVC matrix. This enabled effective modification of the structure at the nanometric level and the formation of an interpenetrating network of well-dispersed hybrid filler, as evidenced by a decrease in volume resistivity and improvement in swelling resistance, as well as an increase in glass transition temperature in the case of PVC/CF_CNT composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Skórczewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (S.W.); (K.L.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohamed Haneef INH, Mohd Shaffiar N, Buys YF, Syed Shaharuddin SI, Abdul Hamid AM, Widiyati K. Recent advancement in polymer/halloysite nanotube nanocomposites for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2574-2588. [PMID: 35661579 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have recently been the subject of extensive research as a reinforcing filler. HNT is a natural nanoclay, non-toxic and biocompatible, hence, applicable in biomedical fields. This review focuses on the mechanical, thermal, and functional properties of polymer nanocomposites with HNT as a reinforcing agent from an experimental and theoretical perspective. In addition, this review also highlights the recent applications of polymer/HNT nanocomposites in the biomedical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Norhashimah Mohd Shaffiar
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yose Fachmi Buys
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Abdul Malek Abdul Hamid
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khusnun Widiyati
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nurazzi NM, Sabaruddin FA, Harussani MM, Kamarudin SH, Rayung M, Asyraf MRM, Aisyah HA, Norrrahim MNF, Ilyas RA, Abdullah N, Zainudin ES, Sapuan SM, Khalina A. Mechanical Performance and Applications of CNTs Reinforced Polymer Composites-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2186. [PMID: 34578502 PMCID: PMC8472375 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Developments in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of carbon nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely used in the polymer material industry over the last few decades, resulting in a series of fascinating multifunctional composites used in fields ranging from portable electronic devices, entertainment and sports to the military, aerospace, and automotive sectors. CNTs offer good thermal and electrical properties, as well as a low density and a high Young's modulus, making them suitable nanofillers for polymer composites. As mechanical reinforcements for structural applications CNTs are unique due to their nano-dimensions and size, as well as their incredible strength. Although a large number of studies have been conducted on these novel materials, there have only been a few reviews published on their mechanical performance in polymer composites. As a result, in this review we have covered some of the key application factors as well as the mechanical properties of CNTs-reinforced polymer composites. Finally, the potential uses of CNTs hybridised with polymer composites reinforced with natural fibres such as kenaf fibre, oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre, bamboo fibre, and sugar palm fibre have been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Nurazzi
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - F. A. Sabaruddin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
| | - M. M. Harussani
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - S. H. Kamarudin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia;
| | - M. Rayung
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - H. A. Aisyah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - M. N. F. Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Malaysia
| | - N. Abdullah
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - E. S. Zainudin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - A. Khalina
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.M.N.); (F.A.S.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alsohaimi I, Hafez IH, Berber MR. Mechanically stable membranes of polyacrylic acid‐grafted chitosan‐functionalized carbon nanotubes with remarkable water storage capacity in sandy soils. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alsohaimi
- Chemistry Department College of Science, Jouf University Saudi Arabia
| | - Inas H. Hafez
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Berber
- Chemistry Department College of Science, Jouf University Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Tanta University Tanta Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
CVD Conditions for MWCNTs Production and Their Effects on the Optical and Electrical Properties of PPy/MWCNTs, PANI/MWCNTs Nanocomposites by In Situ Electropolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030351. [PMID: 33499125 PMCID: PMC7865428 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the optimal conditions of synthesizing and purifying carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from ferrocene were selected at the first stage, where decomposition time, argon fluxes, precursor amounts, decomposition temperature (at 1023 K and 1123 K), and purification process (HNO3 + H2SO4 or HCl + H2O2), were modulated through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and compared to commercial CNTs. The processing temperature at 1123 K and the treatment with HCl + H2O2 were key parameters influencing the purity, crystallinity, stability, and optical/electrical properties of bamboo-like morphology CNTs. Selected multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs), from 1 to 20 wt%, were electropolymerized through in-situ polarization with conductive polymers (CPs), poly(aniline) (PANI) and poly(pyrrole) (PPy), for obtaining composites. In terms of structural stability and electrical properties, MWCNTs obtained by CVD were found to be better than commercial ones for producing CPs composites. The CNTs addition in both polymeric matrixes was of 6.5 wt%. In both systems, crystallinity degree, related to the alignment of PC chains on MWCNTs surface, was improved. Electrical conductivity, in terms of the carrier density and mobility, was adequately enhanced with CVD CNTs, which were even better than the evaluated commercial CNTs. The findings of this study demonstrate that synergistic effects among the hydrogen bonds, stability, and conductivity are better in PANI/MWCNTs than in PPy/MWCNTs composites, which open a promissory route to prepare materials for different technological applications.
Collapse
|
6
|
Basha SI, Aziz A, Maslehuddin M, Ahmad S, Hakeem AS, Rahman MM. Characterization, Processing, and Application of Heavy Fuel Oil Ash, an Industrial Waste Material – A Review. CHEM REC 2020; 20:1568-1595. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Inayath Basha
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT) King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) KFUPM Box 5040 Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Maslehuddin
- Center for Engineering Research King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsad Ahmad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Saeed Hakeem
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT) King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) KFUPM Box 5040 Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mizanur Rahman
- Center of Research Excellence in Corrosion King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Tang L, Li Y, Li Q, Bai B. Preparation of modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes as a reinforcement for epoxy shape‐memory polymer composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wang
- Faculty of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Longhao Tang
- Faculty of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Yongfei Li
- Faculty of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
| | - Qiang Li
- Faculty of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao China
- School of Petroleum Engineering Liaoning Shihua University Fushun China
| | - Baojun Bai
- Faculty of Petroleum Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Missouri USA
| |
Collapse
|