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Sayed NSM, Ahmed ASA, Abdallah MH, Gouda GA. ZnO@ activated carbon derived from wood sawdust as adsorbent for removal of methyl red and methyl orange from aqueous solutions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5384. [PMID: 38443380 PMCID: PMC10915167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) and ZnO@AC composite derived from wood sawdust were prepared to be utilized as adsorbents for methyl red (MR) and methyl orange (MO) anionic dyes from the aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacity of the AC and ZnO@AC composite toward both dyes was achieved in the strong acidic medium (pH = 3), and under stirring for 60 min. The kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption of MR and MO dyes onto the AC and ZnO@AC composite fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the intraparticle diffusion and Elovich kinetic models confirmed the adsorption is controlled by external surfaces, and the adsorption is chemisorption process. The isotherm results indicated that the MR and MO dye adsorption occurred via monolayer adsorption, and the estimated maximum adsorption capacities of both dyes onto the ZnO@AC composite were higher than those achieved by AC. Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. The mechanism for MR, and MO dyes adsorption onto the AC and ZnO@AC composite is proposed to be controlled by electrostatic bonding, π-π interactions, and ion exchange, while H-bonding and n-π interactions were minor contributors. This study reveals the potential use of carbon-based adsorbents derived from wood sawdust for the removal of anionic dyes from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessma S M Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdelaal S A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Gouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyût, 71524, Egypt
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Araújo MEB, Silva VC, Fernandes JV, Cartaxo JM, Rodrigues AM, Menezes RR, de Araújo Neves G. Innovative adsorbents based on bentonite mining waste for removal of cationic dyes from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90446-90462. [PMID: 35871192 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22083-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waste rock from bentonite mining (WRBM) was evaluated as potential adsorbents for removing crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) cationic dyes from contaminated water. The waste samples (AM01, AM02, and AM03) were collected from different locations of the bentonite mine and characterized through X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption, and cation exchange capacity. The adsorption efficiency of CV and MB dyes was investigated through the effect of initial concentration, contact time, pH, the dosage of adsorbent, and temperature. Sample AM02 showed the largest surface area (69.13 m2/g) and the best adsorptive performance for both dyes, with removal more significant than 90%. The adsorption of CV and MB in the waste followed the Langmuir isothermal model. Samples AM01 and AM02 followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model, while AM03 better fitted the Elovich kinetic model. The enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), and Gibbs energy (ΔG) were evaluated as adsorption parameters. The process of adsorption of CV and MB dyes in the waste was predominantly endothermic and occurred spontaneously. WRBM samples proved to be a promising candidate for removing cationic dyes present in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Barbosa Araújo
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso - 882, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Vanderlane Cavalcanti Silva
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso - 882, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Jucielle Veras Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso - 882, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Melo Cartaxo
- Laboratory of Materials Technology (LTM), Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Alisson Mendes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Materials Technology (LTM), Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-900, Brazil.
| | - Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes
- Laboratory of Materials Technology (LTM), Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Gelmires de Araújo Neves
- Laboratory of Materials Technology (LTM), Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-900, Brazil
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Preparation, characterization and application of H3PO4-activated carbon from Pentaclethra macrophylla pods for the removal of Cr(VI) in aqueous medium. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-022-02675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Azam K, Shezad N, Shafiq I, Akhter P, Akhtar F, Jamil F, Shafique S, Park YK, Hussain M. A review on activated carbon modifications for the treatment of wastewater containing anionic dyes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135566. [PMID: 35787877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polluted water resources, particularly those polluted with industrial effluents' dyes, are carcinogenic and hence pose a severe threat to sustainable and longstanding worldwide development. Meanwhile, adsorption is a promising process for polluted/wastewater treatment. In particular, activated carbon (AC) is popular among various wastewater treatment adsorbents, especially in the organic contaminants' remediation in wastewater. Hence, the AC's synthesis from degradable and non-degradable resources, the carbon activation involved in the AC synthesis, and the AC's modification to cutting-edge and effective materials have been modern-research targets in recent years. Likewise, the main research focuses worldwide have been the salient AC characteristics, such as its surface chemistry, porosity, and enhanced surface area. Notably, various modified-AC synthesis methods have been employed to enhance the AC's potential for improved contaminants-removal. Hence, we critically analyze the different modified ACs (with enhanced (surface) functional groups and textural properties) of their capacity to remove different-natured anionic dyes in wastewater. We also discuss the corresponding AC modification techniques, the factors affecting the AC properties, and the modifying agents' influence on the AC's morphological/adsorptive properties. Finally, the AC research of future interest has been proposed by identifying the current AC research gaps, especially related to the AC's application in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshaf Azam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Shezad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Iqrash Shafiq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Parveen Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, 1-km Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farid Akhtar
- Division of Materials Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumeer Shafique
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
| | - Murid Hussain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Adsorption of Indigo Carmine onto Chemically Activated Carbons Derived from the Cameroonian Agricultural Waste Garcinia cola Nut Shells and Desorption Studies. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1236621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the quest for a sustainable environment and clean water resources, the efficacy of activated carbons synthesized from Garcinia cola nut shells impregnated with KOH (CBK1/1) and ZnCl2 (CBZ1/1) for the adsorption of indigo carmine (IC) dye was studied using the batch technique. The prepared activated carbons were characterized using iodine number, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), TGA/DTA, Boehm titration, and pH at point of zero charge. The elemental analysis showed a high percentage of carbon in both activated carbons (ACs). FTIR and Boehm titration analysis indicated the presence of several functional groups on the surfaces of both ACs which could influence the adsorption of IC. The primary adsorption mechanisms involved electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonds formation, and π−π interactions. Maximum adsorption capacity values obtained using the Fritz–Schlunder III three-parameter model were 19.019 mg·g−1 and 18.299 mg·g−1 for CBK1/1 and CBZ1/1, respectively. The Fritz–Schlunder model exponent mFS of value less than 1 showed that the adsorption of IC by the ACs occurred on heterogeneous surfaces. Positive values of ∆Q obtained by the linear and nonlinear forms of the Temkin model indicate the exothermic character of the adsorption process.
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Enhanced Microbial Oxidation-Neutralization Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Rich in Ferrous Ions (Fe 2+). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116543. [PMID: 35682127 PMCID: PMC9180531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a method of enhanced packed-bed microbial oxidation-neutralization has been employed to treat Fe2+-rich acid mine drainage. The method features the use of a large number of immobile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) in a bioreactor to promote the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+. Results show that when the influent Fe2+ concentration is about 900 mg/L and the Fe2+ oxidation efficiency tends to 100%, the maximum oxidation rate of Fe2+ in the bio-ceramsite, bio-volcanic stone, and bio-activated carbon packed columns are 301 mg/(L·h), 234 mg/(L·h), and 139 mg/(L·h), respectively. Compared with the direct neutralization method, the enhanced microbial oxidation-neutralization method has several advantages. Firstly, it oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+, directly neutralizing the acid mine drainage at low pH and reducing the consumption of neutralizer. Secondly, more economical CaCO3 can be used as neutralizer. Thirdly, it produces precipitates with high solid content (5.50%), good settling performance (SV30 = 4%), and small volume, and the capillary suction time (CST) is 8.9 s, which is easy to dehydrate.
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