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Baldimtsi E, Mouzakidis C, Karathanasi EM, Verykouki E, Hassandra M, Galanis E, Hatzigeorgiadis A, Goudas M, Zikas P, Evangelou G, Papagiannakis G, Bellis G, Kokkotis C, Tsatalas T, Giakas G, Theodorakis Y, Tsolaki M. Effects of Virtual Reality Physical and Cognitive Training Intervention On Cognitive Abilities of Elders with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1475-1490. [PMID: 38225966 PMCID: PMC10789285 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Virtual reality (VR) technology has become increasingly used for assessment and intervention in the neuroscience field. Objective We aimed to investigate the effects of a VR Training System, named VRADA (VR Exercise App for Dementia and Alzheimer's Patients), on the cognitive functioning of older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods In this intervention study, 122 older adults with MCI were randomly assigned to five groups (the VRADA group (n = 28), a bike group (n = 11), a physical exercise group (n = 24), a mixed group (physical and cognitive exercise) (n = 31), and a non-contact control group (n = 28). The VRADA group underwent 32 physical and cognitive training sessions, performed 2 or 3 times weekly for 12 weeks in the VR environment. All participants had detailed neuropsychological assessments before and after intervention. Results A series of linear regression models revealed that the VRADA group showed improvement or no deterioration in cognitive decline in global cognitive function (MMSE), verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and WAIS forward test), and executive functions, mental flexibility (Trail Making Test B). Conclusions This interventionstudy indicates that the VRADA system improves the cognitive function of elders with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Baldimtsi
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease & Related Disorders, Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Mouzakidis
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease & Related Disorders, Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eleni Maria Karathanasi
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease & Related Disorders, Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eleni Verykouki
- School of Medicine, Department of Hygiene, Social-Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Mary Hassandra
- School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Evangelos Galanis
- School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis
- School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Marios Goudas
- School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Paul Zikas
- ORamaVR S.A., Science and Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giannis Evangelou
- ORamaVR S.A., Science and Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Papagiannakis
- ORamaVR S.A., Science and Technology Park of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas (FORTH), University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Bellis
- Biomechanical Solutions Engineering (BME), Karditsa, Greece
| | - Christos Kokkotis
- School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
- Biomechanical Solutions Engineering (BME), Karditsa, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Tsatalas
- School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Giannis Giakas
- School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Yannis Theodorakis
- School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease & Related Disorders, Alzheimer Hellas, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI - AUTh), Balkan Center, Building A, Greece
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Guede-Rojas F, Medel-Gutiérrez MJ, Cárcamo-Vargas M, Soto-Martínez A, Chirosa Ríos LJ, Ramirez-Campillo R, Álvarez C, Jerez-Mayorga D. Effects of Exergames and Conventional Physical Therapy on Functional Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Games Health J 2023; 12:341-349. [PMID: 37585611 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2022.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of exergames added to a conventional physical therapy (CPT) program on functional fitness and dynamometric muscle performance for the sit-to-stand (STS) maneuver in older adults and to compare their results concerning a CPT-only intervention. Materials and Methods: Fifty independent older adults were randomly assigned to CPT and exergames (CPT+ExG group; n = 25; age = 71.8 ± 6.8 years) or CPT alone (CPT group; n = 25; age = 71.3 ± 7.4 years). CPT was performed twice a week (60 min/session) for 8 weeks. The CPT+ExG group added exergames for 30 minutes in each session. The Senior Fitness Test was applied, considering the 30-second chair stand test as the primary outcome. Additionally, dynamometric muscle performance during the STS maneuver was assessed. Results: The CPT+ExG group improved the 30-second chair stand (lower body strength), back scratch (upper body flexibility), and 8-foot up-and-go (agility/dynamic balance) tests (all P < 0.05). Both groups improved the kinetic dynamometric variables peak force, peak power, and total work (all P < 0.05). Also, both groups improved the 30-second arm curl test (upper body strength) (P < 0.05), although the increase was higher in the CPT+ExG group compared with the CPT group (time × group; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Adding exergames to a CPT program only significantly increases upper limb strength compared with CPT alone. The findings of this study have implications for the design of future exergame interventions focused on improving STS maneuver performance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Guede-Rojas
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José Medel-Gutiérrez
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción, Chile
| | - Macarena Cárcamo-Vargas
- Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Adolfo Soto-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinesiology, Universidad de Las Américas, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Javier Chirosa Ríos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Álvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Murphy K, Shin M. Frequent media multitasking is not associated with better cognitive flexibility. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2021.2002876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Murphy
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Myoungju Shin
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
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Heaw YC, Singh DKA, Tan MP, Kumar S. Bidirectional association between executive and physical functions among older adults: A systematic review. Australas J Ageing 2021; 41:20-41. [PMID: 34724301 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the bidirectional associations between specific executive function (EF) and physical function (PF) subdomains among older adults. METHODS A systematic literature search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, EBSCOHOST, Scopus and EmCare) was undertaken from February 2018 to May 2020. Observational studies measuring associations between EF and PF subdomains among older adults were included. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven studies reported associations between EF and PF. There were bidirectional associations between slower processing speed and slower gait speed; slower processing speed and lower muscle strength; and lower verbal fluency and slower gait speed. Lower muscle strength was unilaterally associated with lower working memory. CONCLUSIONS We found consistent bidirectional associations between processing speed with gait speed and muscle strength, and verbal fluency and gait speed. There was a unidirectional association between muscle strength and working memory. Common causal mechanisms for EF and PF require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chi Heaw
- Physiotherapy Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Physiotherapy Programme, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Physiotherapy Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saravana Kumar
- Allied Health and Human Performance Unit, City East Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Yang QH, Lyu X, Lin QR, Wang ZW, Tang L, Zhao Y, Lyu QY. Effects of a multicomponent intervention to slow mild cognitive impairment progression: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 125:104110. [PMID: 34736073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment affects 36% of people aged ≥65 years in China, around 50% of whom will develop dementia within 3 years. Early intervention can slow disease progression and delay the onset of dementia; however, whether a multicomponent intervention can decelerate the progression of mild cognitive impairment remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a multicomponent intervention to slow mild cognitive impairment progression in Chinese patients. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING(S) AND PARTICIPANTS This study was conducted in two large regional communities in Guangzhou, China. Patients aged ≥ 65 years diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment were included. METHODS A total of 112 eligible participants were assigned to receive either a 6-month multicomponent intervention or usual care from September 2019 until January 2021. Data were collected at the beginning of the study and at 1, 3, and 6 months thereafter. The primary outcomes were cognitive function, comprehensive physical capacity, depression, and quality of life. Analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle. A generalized estimating equation was used to determine intervention effects. RESULTS At baseline, clinical characteristics did not differ significantly between groups. Significant interaction effects between time and group were detected (p < 0.001), indicating that the scores of five outcomes (cognitive function, short physical performance battery, timed up and go test, quality of life, and depression) of intervention and control groups changed differently over time. Participants in the intervention group were found to have a significantly greater improvement in cognitive function, physical function, quality of life, and fewer depression symptoms compared with the control group at baseline and follow-up periods. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the beneficial effects of a multicomponent intervention on cognitive function, physical function, depression symptoms, and quality of life in people with mild cognitive impairment in the East Asia region. The effectiveness and feasibility of this intervention program suggest that its application should be promoted in community settings to delay the progression of disease in people with mild cognitive impairment. Registration number:ChiCTR1900026042 Tweetable abstract: The multicomponent intervention improves cognitive/physical function, depression, and quality of life, slowing cognitive impairment progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xia Lyu
- Nursing Department, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing-Ran Lin
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Wen Wang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Tang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Lyu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lui CKL, Wong TWL. Associations among Perceived Walkability of Neighborhood Environment, Walking Time, and Functional Mobility by Older Adults: an Exploratory Investigation. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Khalil H, Rehan R, Al-Sharman A, El-Salem K. The clinical correlates of the chair sit to stand performance in people with multiple sclerosis. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:2884-2895. [PMID: 34156901 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1931590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the motor and non-motor factors associated with sit-to-stand performance in people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 88 individuals with MS participated in this study. Main Measures: Standing performance was measured using the five-times-sit-to-stand test (FTSTS). The Berg Balance Scale to assess balance, the 10-Meter Walking Test (10-MWT) was used to assess walking speed; the Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) was used to assess disability level. Furthermore, Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) was used to assess cognitive status, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) to assess depression and anxiety, and the Modified Fatigue Impact scale (MFIS) to evaluate fatigue. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between all these variables and the FTSTS. Furthermore, multiple linear regression was conducted to determine predictive factors of the FTSTS. Results: FTSTS score was correlated significantly with BBS, PDDS, BICAMS, 10-MWT and MFIS (r ranged from 0.3 to 0.52; P < .05). However, there was no significant correlation observed between the FTSTS and HADS-depression or HADS-anxiety. Considering the multiple regression analysis, the following factors were significantly predictive of the FTSTS: 10-MWT, MFIS and the BICAMS-z score (R2: 0.433, P < .0001). Conclusion: The study concludes that sit to stand is multifactorial and is potentially associated with walking speed, cognitive function and fatigue. These factors should be considered by healthcare professionals in interpreting the sit-to-stand performance of PwMS and in designing rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Khalil
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reem Rehan
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alham Al-Sharman
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Chen X, Han P, Yu X, Zhang Y, Song P, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Tao Z, Shen S, Wu Y, Zhao Y, Zheng J, Chu L, Guo Q. Relationships between sarcopenia, depressive symptoms, and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:71-77. [PMID: 33714172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents an intermediate state between normal cognitive aging and dementia. We aimed to investigate the association and mediation pathways of sarcopenia, including its individual components (muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance), and depressive symptoms with MCI in the older adults. METHODS This study consisting of 1394 community-dwelling Chinese older adults aged 60 years and older in Tianjin and Shanghai, China. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Chinese version of the Dementia Rating Scale (CDRS) was used to apply the diagnostic of non-dementia, and instrument activities of daily living (IADL) were used to evaluate daily living activities. Logistic regression and mediation analyses fully adjusted for all potential confounding factors were conducted. RESULTS Sarcopenia, handgrip strength, gait speed, and depressive symptoms were associated with MCI. Furthermore, depressive symptoms significantly mediated the association of sarcopenia, handgrip strength, and gait speed with cognitive function. The relationship of depressive symptoms and cognition were also mediated by sarcopenia, handgrip strength, and gait speed. LIMITATIONS This is a cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that sarcopenia may contribute substantially to the development of MCI in the older adults via depressive symptoms, although the reverse may also be true. These findings may help guide clinicians to better diagnose and manage MCI in the context of concomitant sarcopenia and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiyu Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuewen Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengxin Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoying Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijing Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxiao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejiao Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixi Chu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Huang Y, Sum KWR, Yang YJ, Chun-Yiu Yeung N. Measurements of Older Adults' Physical Competence under the Concept of Physical Literacy: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186570. [PMID: 32916990 PMCID: PMC7558186 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical literacy, especially in the fields of physical education and public health, has been gaining global interest in recent years. Applying an appropriate method to measure physical competence under the concept of physical literacy for older adults aligns with the goal of healthy aging. In this scoping review, we reflected on previous empirical studies regarding the measurements of physical competence among older adults holistically and systematically to identify and analyze gaps in the topic of “physical literacy” among older adults as a precursor to a systematic review. We searched five databases using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for Protocols guidelines: (1) SPORTDiscus; (2) PubMed; (3) Scopus; (4) ScienceDirect; and (5) Web of Science. There were 29 studies included in our thematic analysis. Through our review, we found that 73% of the mean age of the participants comprised older baby boomers who were from 65–74 years old as aging continues. Therefore, more effort should be made in developing physical literacy for older adults with the goal of health promotion. Our results showed that most studies adopted both self-reported and objective measures, in which objective measures were widely embraced by scholars in the measurement, while self-reported measures were encouraged to be included in the assessment as well. Using assessment tools to measure a combination of actual physical competence and perceived physical competence is recommended in the measurement of physical competence, especially in older adults. In addition, other elements of physical literacy should be taken into account when measuring physical competency in older adults. For future implementation, when framing the model to chart physical literacy for older adults, it is important to review the definition again and adopt a holistic measurement system including every aspect of physical literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.H.); (Y.-J.Y.)
| | - Kim-Wai Raymond Sum
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.H.); (Y.-J.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yi-Jian Yang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (Y.H.); (Y.-J.Y.)
| | - Nelson Chun-Yiu Yeung
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
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Lyu Q, Cheung DSK, Lai H, Wang X, Qiu J, Huang Y, Zeng Y. A multicomponent integrative intervention to slow down the progression of mild cognitive impairment: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Res Nurs Health 2020; 43:307-316. [PMID: 32627231 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment affects 36% of people aged 65 years and over in China, and around 50% transition from mild cognitive impairment to dementia within 3 years. Early intervention can slow down disease progression and thus delay dementia onset. The purpose of this article is to outline the protocol of an ongoing randomized controlled trial in mainland China that will evaluate the effects and feasibility of a 6-month multicomponent integrative intervention on the speed of progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Ninety-six community-dwelling older adults, aged 65 years and older, will be recruited (recruitment will be completed in May 2020), using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, from two community health service centers in Guangzhou, Guangdong province. Participants will be allocated to receive either the multicomponent integrative intervention or usual care. The core components of the intervention are cognitive training, dietary instruction, physical activity, and management of vascular risk factors. Data are collected at the beginning of the study, then at 1, 3, and 6 months. The primary outcome is cognitive function. The main secondary outcomes are exercise capacity, comprehensive physical capacity, depression, and quality of life. An intention-to-treat analysis will be conducted. The study will be completed in 2021. The multicomponent integrative intervention detailed in this protocol could be incorporated into dementia prevention programs in community health service centers, or other similar settings, to delay the onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Lyu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daphne S K Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilan Lai
- Department of Nursing, People's Street Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Nursing, People's Street Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Nursing, People's Street Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqiu Huang
- Department of Nursing, People's Street Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Zeng
- Research Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Associating Gait Phase and Physical Fitness with Global Cognitive Function in the Aged. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134786. [PMID: 32635202 PMCID: PMC7369886 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify classifier variables by considering both gait and physical fitness for identifying adults aged over 75 years and global cognitive function declines in older adults. The participants included 735 adults aged 65–89 years who were asked to walk at three different speeds (slower, preferred, and faster) while wearing inertial measurement units embedded in shoe-type data loggers and to perform nine physical fitness tests. The variability in the stance phase as well as the strength, balance, and functional endurance showed a strong dependence on the age being over 75 years. The cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination; a longer stance phase at a slower walking speed and decreased grip strength and five times sit-to-stand were associated with cognitive function. These findings may be useful for determining the decline in physical performance of older adults. A longer stance phase and decreased grip strength and five times sit-to-stand may be factors that help distinguish declines in cognitive function from normal age-related declines.
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12
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McDougall GJ, Han A, Staggs VS, Johnson DK, McDowd JM. Predictors of instrumental activities of daily living in community-dwelling older adults. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2019; 33:43-50. [PMID: 31711593 PMCID: PMC10613508 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric mental health clinicians often rely on proxy and self-report evaluations to determine the cognitive function of older adults however, performance measures have greater accuracy and predictive ability for everyday function. This study tested physical and cognitive predictors of functional abilities in fifty-one community residing older adults. We administered a computerized battery of executive function tasks, a performance-based measure of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and three physical function measures (grip strength, 30-second Chair Stand Test, and 8-foot Up and Go). Regression models assessed the associations of three components of executive function (updating, shifting, and inhibition) with IADLs and physical functions. Updating was a significant predictor of the Medications and Financial DAFS scores and of grip strength. Shifting also predicted grip strength. In conclusion, different executive functions predict different domains of IADL functioning. Working memory was a robust predictor of IADL functioning in older adults, especially medication management skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J McDougall
- Florida State University, College of Nursing, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4310, USA.
| | - Areum Han
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1212, USA
| | - Vincent S Staggs
- Health Services & Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, and School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - David K Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Joan M McDowd
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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Aparicio-Ugarriza R, Díaz ÁE, Palacios G, Bibiloni MDM, Julibert A, Tur JA, González-Gross M. Association between blood marker analyses regarding physical fitness levels in Spanish older adults: A cross-sectional study from the PHYSMED project. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206307. [PMID: 30356331 PMCID: PMC6200257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers have been postulated as essential variables to measure the effects of exercise on the human body. To investigate the relationship between physical fitness (PF) and blood biomarkers that are associated with disease risk in Spanish older adults, four hundred and twenty-nine adults (57% females) aged older than 55 years from a cross-sectional study were included. A battery of PF test was performed, and participants were divided into 3 groups: low, medium and high fitness. Blood samples were collected, and subjects were also grouped based on a particular biomarker being within its reference range. Furthermore, drug intake and dietary intake were considered for each participant. Higher concentrations out of the reference range were observed for vitamin 25(OH)D (67.9%) and total cholesterol (TC) (58.6%). Participants from the low PF group presented lower significant concentrations out of the reference range for vitamin B12 and triglycerides; however, participants in the low PF group showed higher significant concentrations out of the reference range for total homocysteine, creatinine, TC, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) than those in the high PF group (all p<0.05). Considering drugs related to blood lipid modifications, subjects who regularly consumed lipid reducers presented higher significant concentrations out of the reference range for TC and LDL-c than participants who did not take these drugs (p<0.01). Participants from the high PF group presented better blood marker profiles, namely, lower blood markers related to disease risk out of the reference range. These blood markers could be used as a routine method for considering PF groups in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Enrique Díaz
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Laboratory Unit, Department of Sport and Health, Spanish Agency for Health Protection in Sport (AEPSAD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Palacios
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Mar Bibiloni
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alicia Julibert
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Tur
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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14
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Hollamby A, Davelaar EJ, Cadar D. Increased Physical Fitness Is Associated with Higher Executive Functioning in People with Dementia. Front Public Health 2017; 5:346. [PMID: 29312919 PMCID: PMC5742628 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness (PF) has been associated with improved cognition in older age, but less is known about its effects on different cognitive domains in individuals diagnosed with dementia. We explored the associations between PF and cognitive performance in 40 healthy elderly and 30 individuals with dementia. Participants completed a battery of standardized cognitive tests (Mini-Mental State Exam, Verbal Fluency, Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, Clock Drawing, and California Verbal Learning Test) and were classified into high versus low levels of PF based on their score on the Physical Fitness Questionnaire. Analyses took into account age, gender, education, occupation, head injury, Internet use, brain training, and past levels of exercise and revealed overall benefits of PF, in particular for the people with dementia. Discriminant analysis showed high accuracy of reclassification, with most errors being due to the misclassification of dementia cases as healthy when they had high PF. The first discriminant function accounted for 83% of the variance. Using individual estimates of this function, which reflected global cognitive performance, confirmed the beneficial role of PF in dementia, even when taking into account age, past level of exercise, and the number of years since the dementia diagnosis. Finally, univariate analyses confirmed the differential sensitivity of the cognitive tests, with MMSE and clock drawing showing reliable interaction effects. This work shows that PF is associated with a reduced level of cognitive deterioration expected with dementia, especially in executive functioning and provides empirical support for the cognitive benefits of interventions promoting PF for individuals with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Hollamby
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eddy J. Davelaar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorina Cadar
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Huijben-Schoenmakers M, Rademaker A, Scherder E. Cognition in relation to independency in older, comorbid stroke patients in a stroke unit. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:761-768. [PMID: 27265386 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to ascertain if cognition helps to predict functional outcome in older comorbid stroke patients with severe loss of independence. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS The subjects of this study are patients who have suffered a stroke and who rehabilitated in the nursing homes' rehabilitation units and patients (n = 160) (mean age: 77; SD: 9.5) with a mean Barthel Index of 11.02. METHOD Demographic, illness-related, functional and cognitive data were selected at baseline. MAIN ASSESSMENT MEASURES Functional abilities were tested using the Barthel Index. Cognitive functions were assessed using a wide variety of neuropsychological tests. RESULTS Patients faced cognitive impairments especially in executive functioning and memory. Stepwise linear regression analysis shows that executive functioning (p = 0.050) and memory (p = 0.000; confidence interval -1.255, -0.403) are significantly associated with functional outcome. CONCLUSION From a clinical point of view, we suggest combining physical and cognitive training from the very early phase of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Huijben-Schoenmakers
- Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, The Netherlands.,Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Rademaker
- Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Scherder
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Sobol NA, Hoffmann K, Vogel A, Lolk A, Gottrup H, Høgh P, Hasselbalch SG, Beyer N. Associations between physical function, dual-task performance and cognition in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Aging Ment Health 2016; 20:1139-1146. [PMID: 26161932 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1063108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes a gradual decline in cognition, limitations of dual-tasking and physical function leading to total dependence. Hence, information about the interaction between physical function, dual-task performance and cognition may lead to new treatment strategies with the purpose of preserving function and quality of life. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between physical function, dual-task performance and cognition in community-dwelling patients with mild AD. METHODS Baseline results from 185 participants (50-90 years old) in the single blinded multicenter RCT 'ADEX' (Alzheimer's disease: the effect of physical exercise) were used. Assessments included tests of physical function: 400-m walk test, 10-m walk test, Timed Up and Go test and 30-s chair stand test; dual-task performance, i.e., 10-m walk while counting backwards from 50 or naming the months backwards; and cognition, i.e., Mini Mental State Examination, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the Stroop Color and Word Test, and Lexical verbal fluency test. RESULTS Results in the 30-s chair stand test correlated significantly with all tests of cognition (r = .208-.242) while the other physical function tests only randomly correlated with tests of cognition. Results in the dual-task counting backwards correlated significantly with results in all tests of cognition (r = .259-.388), which accounted for 7%-15% of the variation indicating that a faster time to complete dual-task performance was associated with better cognitive performance. CONCLUSION The evidence of the associations between physical function, dual-task performance and cognition is important when creating new rehabilitation interventions to patients with mild AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Aue Sobol
- a Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, and Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kristine Hoffmann
- b Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Asmus Vogel
- b Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Annette Lolk
- c Dementia Clinic , Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Hanne Gottrup
- d Dementia Clinic, Department of Neurology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- e Regional Dementia Research Center, Region Zealand, Roskilde Hospital , University of Copenhagen , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Steen G Hasselbalch
- b Danish Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nina Beyer
- a Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, and Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Lee SH, Han JH, Jin YY, Lee IH, Hong HR, Kang HS. Poor physical fitness is independently associated with mild cognitive impairment in elderly Koreans. Biol Sport 2016; 33:57-62. [PMID: 26985135 PMCID: PMC4786587 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1185889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between physical fitness and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly Koreans. This was a cross-sectional study that involved 134 men and 299 women aged 65 to 88 years. Six senior fitness tests were used as independent variables: 30 s chair stand for lower body strength, arm curl for upper body strength, chair-sit-and-reach for lower body flexibility, back scratch for upper body flexibility, 8-ft up-and-go for agility/dynamic balance, and 2-min walk for aerobic endurance. Global cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Potential covariates such as age, education levels, blood lipids, and insulin resistance (IR) markers were also assessed. Compared to individuals without MMSE-based MCI, individuals with MMSE-based MCI had poor physical fitness based on the senior fitness test (SFT). There were significant positive trends observed for education level (p=0.001) and MMSE score (p<0.001) across incremental levels of physical fitness in this study population. Individuals with moderate (OR=0.341, p=0.006) and high (OR=0.271, p=0.007) physical fitness based on a composite score of the SFT measures were less likely to have MMSE-based MCI than individuals with low physical fitness (referent, OR=1). The strength of the association between moderate (OR=0.377, p=0.038) or high (OR=0.282, p=0.050) physical fitness and MMSE-based MCI was somewhat attenuated but remained statistically significant even after adjustment for the measured compounding factors. We found that poor physical fitness was independently associated with MMSE-based MCI in elderly Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- The Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Han
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Y Jin
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - I H Lee
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - H R Hong
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Kang
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Nixon JP, Mavanji V, Butterick TA, Billington CJ, Kotz CM, Teske JA. Sleep disorders, obesity, and aging: the role of orexin. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 20:63-73. [PMID: 25462194 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic neuropeptides orexin A and B (hypocretin 1 and 2) are important homeostatic mediators of central control of energy metabolism and maintenance of sleep/wake states. Dysregulation or loss of orexin signaling has been linked to narcolepsy, obesity, and age-related disorders. In this review, we present an overview of our current understanding of orexin function, focusing on sleep disorders, energy balance, and aging, in both rodents and humans. We first discuss animal models used in studies of obesity and sleep, including loss of function using transgenic or viral-mediated approaches, gain of function models using exogenous delivery of orexin receptor agonist, and naturally-occurring models in which orexin responsiveness varies by individual. We next explore rodent models of orexin in aging, presenting evidence that orexin loss contributes to age-related changes in sleep and energy balance. In the next section, we focus on clinical importance of orexin in human obesity, sleep, and aging. We include discussion of orexin loss in narcolepsy and potential importance of orexin in insomnia, correlations between animal and human studies of age-related decline, and evidence for orexin involvement in age-related changes in cognitive performance. Finally, we present a summary of recent studies of orexin in neurodegenerative disease. We conclude that orexin acts as an integrative homeostatic signal influencing numerous brain regions, and that this pivotal role results in potential dysregulation of multiple physiological processes when orexin signaling is disrupted or lost.
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Yang EJ, Kim KW, Lim JY, Paik NJ. Relationship between dysphagia and mild cognitive impairment in a community-based elderly cohort: the Korean longitudinal study on health and aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:40-6. [PMID: 25180377 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between dysphagia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults residing in an independent-living facility in Korea. DESIGN Population-based, cross-sectional study. SETTING Seongnam, Korea. PARTICIPANTS Korean men and women aged 65 and older living in a typical South Korean city (n = 415) were enrolled in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. MEASUREMENTS Dysphagia was assessed using the Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Assessment Battery, digit span test, and lexical fluency test. MCI was diagnosed using operational diagnostic criteria and further classified into amnestic and nonamnestic MCI. RESULTS Men with nonanmestic MCI had a greater likelihood of having dysphagia (odds ratio (OR) = 3.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12-12.72) than men without MCI. Men with nonanmestic MCI were almost six times as likely to have dysphagia (OR = 5.78, 95% CI = 1.15-29.27) as men with no neurological disorder after adjusting for age, education level, current smoking and drinking, diabetes mellitus, and apolipoprotein E-4 carrier status. CONCLUSION Men with nonamnestic MCI were more likely to have dysphagia than were their counterparts without MCI, whereas this difference was not found in men with amnestic MCI and women. Assessment of executive functions that interfere with planning of motor activities may be useful in predicting dysphagia and in planning preventive and therapeutic strategies for older men.
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20
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Age and gender patterns in associations between lifestyle factors and physical performance in older Korean adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59:338-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Physical performance is associated with working memory in older people with mild to severe cognitive impairment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:762986. [PMID: 24757674 PMCID: PMC3971508 DOI: 10.1155/2014/762986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical performances and cognition are positively related in cognitively healthy people. The aim of this study was to examine whether physical performances are related to specific cognitive functioning in older people with mild to severe cognitive impairment. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 134 people with a mild to severe cognitive impairment (mean age 82 years). Multiple linear regression was performed, after controlling for covariates and the level of global cognition, with the performances on mobility, strength, aerobic fitness, and balance as predictors and working memory and episodic memory as dependent variables. RESULTS The full models explain 49-57% of the variance in working memory and 40-43% of episodic memory. Strength, aerobic fitness, and balance are significantly associated with working memory, explaining 3-7% of its variance, irrespective of the severity of the cognitive impairment. Physical performance is not related to episodic memory in older people with mild to severe cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Physical performance is associated with working memory in older people with cognitive impairment. Future studies should investigate whether physical exercise for increased physical performance can improve cognitive functioning. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NTR1482.
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22
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Blankevoort CG, Scherder EJA, Wieling MB, Hortobágyi T, Brouwer WH, Geuze RH, van Heuvelen MJG. Physical predictors of cognitive performance in healthy older adults: a cross-sectional analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70799. [PMID: 23936251 PMCID: PMC3728317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample evidence that physical and cognitive performance are related, but the results of studies investigating this relationship show great variability. Both physical performance and cognitive performance are constructs consisting of several subdomains, but it is presently unknown if the relationship between physical and cognitive performance depends on subdomain of either construct and whether gender and age moderate this relationship. The aim of this study is to identify the strongest physical predictors of cognitive performance, to determine the specificity of these predictors for various cognitive subdomains, and to examine gender and age as potential moderators of the relationship between physical and cognitive performance in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. In total, 98 men and 122 women (average age 74.0±5.6 years) were subjected to a series of performance-based physical fitness and neuropsychological tests. Muscle strength, balance, functional reach, and walking ability (combined score of walking speed and endurance) were considered to predict cognitive performance across several domains (i.e. memory, verbal attention, visual attention, set-shifting, visuo-motor attention, inhibition and intelligence). Results showed that muscle strength was a significant predictor of cognitive performance for men and women. Walking ability and balance were significant predictors of cognitive performance for men, whereas only walking ability was significant for women. We did not find a moderating effect of age, nor did we find support for a differential effect of the physical predictors across different cognitive subdomains. In summary, our results showed a significant relationship between cognitive and physical performance, with a moderating effect of gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan G Blankevoort
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Mullen SP, Wójcicki TR, Mailey EL, Szabo AN, Gothe NP, Olson EA, Fanning J, Kramer A, McAuley E. A profile for predicting attrition from exercise in older adults. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2013; 14:489-96. [PMID: 23412942 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-012-0325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine a profile for predicting attrition among older adults involved in a 12-month exercise program. The parent study was a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. The study took place between 2006 and 2009 within a university setting. Older adults (N = 179) completed baseline assessments of functional performance and psychosocial measures. Participants who were randomized, elected to receive treatment, and did not complete the exercise program were considered "dropouts" (n = 35). Those who completed the program (n = 144) were classified as "completers." A latent profile analysis revealed two distinct patterns of memory complaints, self-efficacy to overcome barriers to exercise, balance performance, and stair performance. Dropouts were nearly twice as likely to be members of the profile that exhibited a higher degree of memory complaints, lower self-efficacy for overcoming exercise barriers, poorer single leg balance, and longer times to walk down stairs. The results provide an initial validation of a profile for discriminating between "dropouts" and "completers," one that may have considerable utility for screening older adults prior to study entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Mullen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Freer Hall 227, 906 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Ju G, Yoon IY, Lee SD, Kim TH, Choe JY, Kim KW. Effects of Sleep Apnea Syndrome on Delayed Memory and Executive Function in Elderly Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60:1099-103. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gawon Ju
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Chungbuk National University Hospital; Cheongju; Korea
| | - In-Young Yoon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam; Korea
| | - Sang Don Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam; Korea
| | - Tae Hui Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam; Korea
| | - Jin Young Choe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam; Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam; Korea
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