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Lai ETC, Chau AKC, Ho IYY, Hashimoto H, Kim CY, Chiang TL, Chen YM, Marmot M, Woo J. The impact of social isolation on functional disability in older people: A multi-cohort study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 125:105502. [PMID: 38876082 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the relationship between social isolation and functional disability in older people. DESIGN Comparison of longitudinal cohort studies. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Harmonised longitudinal datasets from the United States, England, European countries, Japan, Korea, China and Hong Kong. METHODS Social isolation was operationalised as a composite score with five domains, such as marital status, living alone, and social contact with others. Functional disability was defined as whether the cohort participant had any difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL). In each dataset, we used robust Poisson regression models to obtain the relative risks (RRs) and the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI). We combined the RRs to synthesize a pooled estimate using meta-analysis with random-effects models. RESULTS Overall, the social isolation composite score was not associated with ADL disability (pooled RR = 1.05, 95 % CI [0.97-1.14], n = 40,119). Subgroup analysis suggested social isolation composite score was associated with ADL disability in Asian regions (pooled RR = 1.09, 95 % CI [1.02, 1.16], but not in Western regions (pooled RR = 1.01, 95 % CI [0.96, 1.07]). The relationships between different domains of social isolation and ADL disability were heterogeneous, except that no participation in any social clubs or religious groups was consistently associated with ADL disability (pooled RR = 1.12, 95 % CI [1.04, 1.21]). CONCLUSION Targeting social isolation may prevent decline in functional abilities in older adults, providing an avenue to active and healthy ageing. Nonetheless, interventions tackling social isolation should tailor to the unique cultural and social underpinnings. A limitation of the study is that reverse causality could not be ruled out definitively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsz-Chun Lai
- Institute of Health Equity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Anson Kai Chun Chau
- Institute of Health Equity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Irene Yuk-Ying Ho
- Institute of Health Equity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chang-Yup Kim
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tung-Liang Chiang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Mei Chen
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Health Equity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jean Woo
- Institute of Health Equity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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The association between different dimensions of social capital and cognition among older adults in China. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Gallè F, Sabella EA, Bianco L, Maninchedda M, Barchielli B, Liguori F, Da Molin G, Liguori G, Orsi GB, Ferracuti S, Napoli C. How the COVID-19 Pandemic Has Impacted Daily Life? Assessing the Use of Web Resources for Recreational Activities in the Italian Adult Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15136. [PMID: 36429855 PMCID: PMC9690348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Restriction measures imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in people's lives and behaviors. The aim of this paper is to assess the changes occurred in physical activity (PA), sleep, social and cultural activities and personal relationships of Italian adults during the pandemic and to evaluate the use of web-based resources to continue these activities. To this purpose, a cross-sectional study using a web-based questionnaire was carried out and both descriptive and regression analysis was performed. On a total of 1831 participants (61% females, age 18-93 years), the majority reported a decrease in PA, sleep, social and cultural activities and personal relationships, since the beginning of the pandemic. Sleep was notably affected by the use of new technologies. The regression analysis demonstrated that the use of web-based media for doing exercise was associated with being younger than 50 years and female; having a chronic condition was inversely related with the use of web resources for social and cultural activities and to maintain relationships; being employed was negatively related with the use of web media for continuing personal relationships and cultural activities; and being vaccinated against COVID-19 was positively associated with the use of the web for personal relationships. These findings confirm that the COVID-19 pandemic notably affected the daily life of Italian adults. Our results suggest that the use of technology to deal with these changes seems to be related with certain sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. These findings can be useful to identify those characteristics that can help people in copying with daily life modifications due to restriction measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Elita Anna Sabella
- Inter-University Research Centre “Population, Environment and Health”, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Cesare Battisti 1, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Lavinia Bianco
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Maninchedda
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Barchielli
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Liguori
- Department of Economics and Legal Studies, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Generale Parisi 13, 80132 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Da Molin
- Inter-University Research Centre “Population, Environment and Health”, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Cesare Battisti 1, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Orsi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity and Cognitive Performance among European Adults Aged 50+: The Mediating Effects of Social Contacts and Depressive Symptoms. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112279. [DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive decline is a major public health concern worldwide and it is vital to identify and better understand effective population-based means to improve cognitive performance in old age. The current study set out to examine the links between accelerometer-based physical activity with cognitive performance in later life, as well the indirect pathways through one’s social network contacts and depression. Method: We used data from 855 participants aged 50 and above who took part in a cross-sectional accelerometer study as part of the Survey of Ageing, Retirement and Health (SHARE). Cognitive function was measured as an average score of fluency, immediate and delayed recall tests, social contacts were the average contact frequency with members of the social support network, and depression was the Euro-D summary score of depressive symptoms. A multiple mediation analysis was conducted to test the direct and indirect associations between total physical activity (intensity gradient) and cognitive function, as well as the mediation of this association by social contacts and depressive symptoms. Results: Intensity of physical activity was directly related to better cognitive performance (B = 0.170, p = 0.007). The association was partially mediated by social contacts (B = 0.022, 95% CI 0.005, 0.046) and depressive symptoms (B = 0.009, 95% CI 0.009, 0.025), such that total physical activity was linked to cognitive health via more frequent contacts with network members and low depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Practitioners might consider encouraging a physically active lifestyle that involves social interactions to support better cognitive aging and mental health.
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The Role of We-Intention and Self-Motivation in Social Collaboration: Knowledge Sharing in the Digital World. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Governments throughout the world have set social distancing guidelines to manage COVID-19 that reduced opportunities for maintaining social connections through face-to-face interactions. For this study, we conceptualized social collaboration as an intentional social activity in which people are willing to share their knowledge, experience, and expertise. We examined the relative impacts of we-intention (WI), moral trust (MT), and self-motivation (SM) on participation in social collaboration (PSC) and knowledge sharing (KS). We distributed a questionnaire-based survey to a group of Nepalese residents who actively participated in, commented on, and posted questions on social networking sites and received a total of 239 valid questionnaires for analysis. We tested and verified the research model and variables in SPSS 20 to investigate how PSC accelerates KS intention at digital platforms. The standardized path coefficient for PSM to KS was 0.75, suggesting that social collaborator’s participation has a strong positive effect on KS purpose. The standardized path coefficients for WI to MT, WI to PSC, WI to SM, MT to PSC, and SM to PSC were 0.55, 0.72, 0.49, 0.42, and 0.67, respectively. All of the values supported the hypothesis and were significant at p ≤ 0.001.
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Sharifian N, Zaheed AB, Morris EP, Sol K, Manly JJ, Schupf N, Mayeux R, Brickman AM, Zahodne LB. Social network characteristics moderate associations between cortical thickness and cognitive functioning in older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:339-347. [PMID: 34002926 PMCID: PMC8599522 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior research suggests that the strength of association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and lower cognitive performance is influenced by modifiable psychosocial factors, such as social network size. However, little is known about distinct social relationship types. METHODS The current cross-sectional study used data from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project to examine whether social network characteristics (i.e., total size, spouse/partner, number of children, other relatives, friends) moderate associations between cortical thickness in regions implicated in AD and cognitive performance. RESULTS Lower cortical thickness was associated with worse global cognition among individuals with smaller friend networks, but not among individuals with larger friend networks. This pattern of results was most prominent for language and speed/executive functioning. DISCUSSION Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to determine whether these cross-sectional findings reflect a protective effect of later-life friendships for maintaining cognitive performance in the context of poorer brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neika Sharifian
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Emily P. Morris
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ketlyne Sol
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jennifer J. Manly
- Department of Neurology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Department of Neurology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Department of Neurology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University
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Lu N, Lou VWQ. Community social capital and cognitive function among older adults in rural north-east China: The moderator role of income. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:225-234. [PMID: 33852751 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the moderating role of income in the relationship between community social capital and cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults in rural China. Data were derived from a community survey conducted in Dongliao county, Jilin province, China, in 2019. Trained interviewers completed face-to-face interviews with 458 respondents. Multiple group analysis was applied to examine the proposed model. The latent constructs of cognitive social capital and structural social capital were established in low-income and high-income groups in rural Chinese contexts. Factor loading invariance of social capital constructs was established across the two income groups. The results showed that income has moderating effects on the relationship between social capital constructs and cognitive function. Social capital that was significantly associated with cognitive function was statistically significant in low-income group only. The findings highlight the important role of income in understanding the mechanism linking social capital to cognitive function in a rural Chinese context. Social policies and interventions should pay particular attention to older adults with low economic status. Policy and intervention implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- Department of Social Work and Social Policy, School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Vivian W Q Lou
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Sharifian N, Sol K, Zahodne LB, Antonucci TC. Social Relationships and Adaptation in Later Life. COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC7500884 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Social relations encompass a complex and dynamic set of characteristics that have been shown to distinctly affect health and quality of life across the lifespan and especially in older adulthood. In this chapter we begin with a brief review of several prominent theories of social relations. Next, we consider how social relations can be understood based on the resource they provide (e.g., contact frequency, social support), the relationship they stem from (e.g., friends, family), the strength of the tie (e.g., strong, weak) as well as the means of communication (e.g., offline, online). We briefly summarize how these characteristics have been shown to uniquely influence health and quality of life in older adulthood. Finally, we contemplate potential clinical applications, provide recommendations for the future and offer final concluding comments.
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Li Q, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Du M, Wang X, Hu S, Li L. Relationship between frailty and cognitive decline in Chinese older patients with Alzheimer's disease: The mediating role of social contact. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 43:175-181. [PMID: 34911018 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of frailty and social contact on cognitive decline among Chinese older patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and examine the mediating role of social contact between frailty and cognitive decline. A total of 205 eligible participants were recruited from a tertiary A hospital in Anhui province, China. A structural equation modeling was conducted to test the hypothetical mediating model. Frailty and cognitive decline were significantly and negatively correlated with social contact. Meanwhile, frailty exerted a significant positive effect on cognitive decline. The indirect effect of frailty on the cognitive decline through social contact was 0.401. Social contact could exert a partial mediating effect on the relationship between frailty and cognitive decline in this population. These findings could help guide effective interventions to improve the cognitive abilities of AD patients, thereby reducing the burden of this population on their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Li
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, China
| | - Mingchao Du
- Department of Information Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Lunlan Li
- Department of Personnel, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
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Lu Y, Liu C, Fawkes S, Ma J, Liu Y, Yu D. Inequality in Social Support Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study of Older (≥60 Years) Residents in Shanghai, China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:706322. [PMID: 34888276 PMCID: PMC8649958 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.706322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Social support plays a critical role in the detection and management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, socioeconomic inequalities exist in both social support and health care services. Our study aimed to compare the level of social support received by MCI patients in comparison with those without MCI and to determine its link with income. Methods: Secondary data analyses were performed. Social support was measured using the Duke Social Support Index (DSSI) and satisfaction ratings. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to determine the associations of personal income and MCI with social support after adjustment for variations in the sociodemographic and health characteristics of the respondents. The multiplicative and additive interaction effects of income and MCI were further examined through introducing the MCI*Income variable to the regression models and using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) analysis, respectively. Results: The logistic regression models showed that the respondents with MCI had significantly lower social support as measured by the DSSI scores (AOR = 33.03, p < 0.001) and satisfaction ratings (AOR = 7.48, p < 0.001) compared with those without MCI. Similarly, social support decreased with lower personal income (p < 0.001). There existed a significant multiplicative interaction effect between personal income and MCI on social support (AOR = 0.30-0.32, p < 0.01). The gap in social support between those with and without MCI was higher in the higher income group compared with the lower income group (p < 0.001). No significant additive interaction effects on social support were found between MCI and income. Conclusions: There are significant disparities in social support between people living with and without MCI. Such a gap is more profound in people with higher income. The inequality in social support associated with MCI may present a significant challenge to the successful implementation of community MCI detection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chaojie Liu
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sally Fawkes
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jia Ma
- Community Health Service Centre of Dinghai in YangPu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Community Health Service Centre of JiaDing Town in JiaDing District, Shanghai, China
| | - Dehua Yu
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai General Practice and Community Health Development Research Center, Shanghai, China
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Peng C, Hayman LL, Mutchler JE, Burr JA. Friendship and Cognitive Functioning among Married and Widowed Chinese Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:567-576. [PMID: 34791248 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guided by the social convoy model, this study investigated the association between friendship and cognitive functioning among older Chinese adults, as well as the moderating effect of marital status (married vs. widowed). We also explored whether depression might account for the link between friendship and cognitive functioning. METHOD We used data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2014 (N = 8,482). Cognitive functioning was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination instrument and friendship was assessed with a three-item Lubben Social Network Scale. Linear regression and path analyses within a structural equation modeling framework were performed to examine the hypotheses. RESULTS Results indicated that friendship was significantly related to better cognitive functioning among older Chinese adults (β = 0.083, p <.001) and marital status moderated this association (β = -0.058, p <.01). In addition, depression partially mediated the relationship between friendship and cognitive functioning (β = 0.015, p <.001). DISCUSSION The results implied that friendship is important for maintaining cognitive functioning in later life and widowed older Chinese adults may benefit more from friendship in its relationship to cognitive functioning than married older Chinese adults. Further, one potential pathway linking friendship to cognitive functioning may be through depression; however, more research is needed to support this finding. Intervention programs aimed at building friendship opportunities may be one way to achieve better cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Peng
- Department of Gerontology, McCormack Graduate School of Public and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston
| | - Laura L Hayman
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston
| | - Jan E Mutchler
- Department of Gerontology, McCormack Graduate School of Public and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston
| | - Jeffrey A Burr
- Department of Gerontology, McCormack Graduate School of Public and Global Studies, University of Massachusetts Boston
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The interrelationship between social connectedness and social engagement and its relation with cognition: a study using SHARE data. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x2100129x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding how psychosocial factors can promote better cognition in mid- and later life is important for making recommendations regarding policies and intervention programmes. This study focuses on two psychosocial aspects (social connectedness and social engagement) in order to assess their independent contribution to explaining cognition, but also how their interrelationship acts on cognition. We hypothesised that each of the factors is positively associated with cognition, but also that a combination of both factors contributes more to cognition than each of the factors independently. Our sample comprises 66,504 individuals who participated in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Multilevel linear regression analyses were performed. The results show that higher levels of social engagement and social connectedness are associated with improved cognition. When studying the interaction of social engagement and social connectedness and its association with cognitive function, the analysis shows that better cognitive scores are found in individuals having high levels of both social engagement and social connectedness. Moreover, when one of these aspects is lacking, the other plays a role in cognition protection. This study indicates the importance of social connectedness and social engagement for preserving/developing cognition, which greatly contributes to the quality of life of middle-aged and older adults.
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Lee YH, Lin CH, Chang JR, Liu CT, Shelley M, Chang YC. Transition of Living Arrangement and Cognitive Impairment Status among Chinese Older Adults: Are They Associated? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57090961. [PMID: 34577884 PMCID: PMC8467768 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Living arrangement is a crucial factor for older adults' health. It is even more critical for Chinese older adults due to the tradition of filial piety. With the aging of China's population, the prevalence of cognitive impairment among older adults has increased. This study examines the association between living arrangement transition and cognitive function among Chinese older adults. Materials and Methods: Using three waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS; 2008-2009, 2011-2012, and 2014), we analyzed data for older adults (age ≥ 65) who lived with other household members and reported good cognitive function or mild cognitive impairment when they participated in the survey. Multistate Cox regression was employed to study changes in cognitive function. Results: Older adults who transitioned to living alone had lower risk of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.83; p < 0.01), compared with those who continued to live with other household members. Moving into an institution was also not associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusions: With older adults' transition to living alone, public health practitioners or social workers might educate them on the benefits of such a living arrangement for cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Han Lee
- Department of Public Health and Sports Medicine, McQueary College of Health and Human Services, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Chia-Hung Lin
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (J.-R.C.)
| | - Jia-Ren Chang
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (J.-R.C.)
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Mack Shelley
- Department of Political Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yen-Chang Chang
- Center for General Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (Y.-C.C.)
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Yoo I. Social Networks as A Predictive Factor in Preserving Cognitive Functioning During Aging: A Systematic Review. HOME HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/10848223211030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a review of the existing literature concerning the relationship between types of social network and cognitive functioning during aging. The primary intent of the study was to identify the nature of this relationship. The study examined relevant literature published between 2008 and 2019 using searches of 4 scientific databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO. This study identified the relationship between social-network types and cognitive decline. The relationship is influenced by quantitative rather than qualitative variables of social networks, and it was found that associated with cognitive changes in episodic memory, working memory, and processing speed. The mechanism by which social networks influence cognitive function has been unclear. This study identified cognitive-ability variables related to social-network variables that have a major impact on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingyu Yoo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical Sciences, Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Wang L, Li J, Wang Z, Du Y, Sun T, Na L, Niu Y. Social capital and cognitive decline: Does sleep duration mediate the association? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252208. [PMID: 34043692 PMCID: PMC8158899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have found that social capital (SC) is associated with the risk of cognitive decline; however, the mechanism explaining how SC leads to cognitive decline is unclear. The current study examines the mediation effect of sleep duration on the relationship between SC and cognitive decline in Chinese older adults. Methods A cross-sectional study of 955 community-dwelling aged 60 or over was conducted. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE), self-report sleep duration questionnaire, and social capital scales were administered during the face-to-face survey. The Bootstrap methods PROCESS program is employed to test the mediation model. Results After controlling for covariates, both social cohesion and social interaction were positively correlated with the MMSE score (p<0.001), and social cohesion was negatively correlated with sleep duration (p = 0.009); On the contrary, sleep duration was negatively correlated with MMSE score (p<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed social cohesion was positively associated with the MMSE score (β = 0.16, p = 0.005), while sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline (β = -0.72, p<0.001). Sleep duration has mediated the relationship between social cohesion and cognitive decline (explaining 21.7% of the total variance). Conclusions Social capital negatively associated with the risk of cognitive decline in this Chinese population, and sleep duration may partly explain this relationship. It may be a suggestive clue to identify those at a higher risk of progressing to cognitive impairment. Further prospective study in need to confirm this finding due to the cross-sectional design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management at Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health and Management at Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics at School of Public Health of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yong Du
- Surgical Laboratory of General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,School of Clinical Medicine at Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Surgical Laboratory of General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li Na
- Surgical Laboratory of General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of the Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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16
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The longitudinal relation between social reserve and smaller subsequent decline in executive functioning in old age is mediated via cognitive reserve. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:461-467. [PMID: 31865930 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610219001789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social reserve such as having close friends helps promoting activity engagement in old age. Activity engagement in turn contributes to the accumulation of cognitive reserve and is a key predictor for maintaining executive functioning in aging. We investigated the mediating role of leisure activity engagement in the longitudinal relation between close friends and subsequent change in executive functioning as measured through performance changes in the Trail Making Test (TMT). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Longitudinal study with 897 older adults tested in two waves 6 years apart, analyzed using latent change score modeling. MEASUREMENTS TMT parts A and B, leisure activity engagement, and close friends. RESULTS A larger number of close friends in the first wave of data collection was related to a higher frequency of leisure activities in the first wave. A higher frequency of leisure activities in the first wave significantly predicted a smaller subsequent increase in TMT completion time from the first to the second wave (i.e. a smaller decline in executive functioning). Importantly, 41.3% of the longitudinal relation between a larger number of close friends in the first wave and a smaller subsequent increase in TMT completion time (i.e. a smaller decline in executive functioning) was mediated via a higher frequency of leisure activities in the first wave. CONCLUSIONS Social reserve such as having close friends may help promoting activity engagement in old age. By enhancing individuals' cognitive reserve, this activity engagement may finally result in smaller subsequent decline in executive functioning in aging.
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17
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Amanollahi M, Amanollahi S, Anjomshoa A, Dolatshahi M. Mitigating the negative impacts of aging on cognitive function; modifiable factors associated with increasing cognitive reserve. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3109-3124. [PMID: 33715252 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that social, physical, and cognitively challenging activities during lifetime, could mitigate the negative effects of aging on cognitive function. This effect is explained by the increased cognitive reserve (CR) resulting from such factors; in fact, such activities, by altering structural and functional properties of the human brain, equip one with more effective compensatory mechanisms to resist brain damage before the presentation of severe clinical symptoms. Therefore, applying appropriate modifications in one's lifestyle and activities may be effective in lowering the risk of developing dementia and cognitive dysfunction in old age, especially in brain areas that are susceptible to aging. In this paper, we are going to review relevant studies discussing the association between important modifiable factors, known as CR proxies (i.e., educational attainment, occupational complexity, physical activity, social engagement, bilingualism, leisure activities, and Mediterranean diet), and different domains of cognitive function, which are affected either in the process of healthy aging or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Amanollahi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Amanollahi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Anjomshoa
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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18
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Mehrabi F, Béland F. Frailty as a Moderator of the Relationship between Social Isolation and Health Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1675. [PMID: 33572443 PMCID: PMC7916171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This research investigated the effects of social isolation on frailty and health outcomes and tested whether these associations varied across different levels of frailty. We performed a multivariate analysis of the first wave of Frailty: A longitudinal study of its expressions (FRéLE) among 1643 Canadian older adults aged 65 years and over. We assessed social isolation using social participation, social networks, and support from various social ties, namely, friends, children, extended family, and partner. Frailty was associated with disability, comorbidity, depression, and cognitive decline. Less social participation was associated with limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), depression, and cognitive decline. The absence of friends was associated with depression and cognitive impairment. Less social support from children and partner was related to comorbidity, depression, and cognitive decline. Overall, social isolation is linked to mental health rather than physical health. The associations of having no siblings, receiving less support from friends, and participating less in social activities with ADL limitations, depression, and cognitive decline were higher among frail than prefrail and robust older adults. This study corroborates the pivotal role of social connectedness, particularly the quality of relationships, on the mental health of older adults. Public health policies on social relationships are paramount to ameliorate the health status of frail older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Mehrabi
- School of Public Health (ESPUM), Université de Montréal, 7071 Parc Ave, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, 7071 Parc Ave, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - François Béland
- School of Public Health (ESPUM), Université de Montréal, 7071 Parc Ave, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, 7071 Parc Ave, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755, Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
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19
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Does Education Moderate the Relationship between Social Capital and Cognitive Function among Older Adults? Evidence from Suzhou City, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186560. [PMID: 32916917 PMCID: PMC7558176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
While social capital is recognized as an important protective determinant of cognitive function in later life, there is a lack of research examining the potential moderators and mediators in the mechanisms linking social capital to cognitive function. This study investigated the moderating role of education on the relationship between social capital and cognitive function among older adults in urban Chinese communities. Data were derived from a community survey conducted in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, in late 2015. A quota sampling method was applied to recruit respondents aged 60 years or older from 16 communities in the Gusu district. The final analytic sample size was 446. Multiple group analysis was applied to test the proposed model. The results show that cognitive social capital was significantly associated with cognitive function in the high education group only. Structural social capital was not significantly associated with cognitive function. The findings highlight the important role of social capital in influencing cognitive function in later life. Social capital interventions could be particularly useful as a preventive approach to help older adults sustain their cognitive function levels. Policy and intervention implications are discussed.
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20
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Mehrabi F, Béland F. Effects of social isolation, loneliness and frailty on health outcomes and their possible mediators and moderators in community-dwelling older adults: A scoping review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 90:104119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Longitudinal Associations Between Contact Frequency with Friends and with Family, Activity Engagement, and Cognitive Functioning. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2020; 26:815-824. [PMID: 32200766 PMCID: PMC7483134 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617720000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social engagement may be an important protective resource for cognitive aging. Some evidence suggests that time spent with friends may be more beneficial for cognition than time spent with family. Because maintaining friendships has been demonstrated to require more active maintenance and engagement in shared activities, activity engagement may be one underlying pathway that explains the distinct associations between contact frequency with friends versus family and cognition. METHODS Using two waves of data from the national survey of Midlife in the United States (n = 3707, Mage = 55.80, 51% female at baseline), we examined longitudinal associations between contact frequency with friends and family, activity engagement (cognitive and physical activities), and cognition (episodic memory and executive functioning) to determine whether activity engagement mediates the relationship between contact frequency and cognition. RESULTS The longitudinal mediation model revealed that more frequent contact with friends, but not family, was associated with greater concurrent engagement in physical and cognitive activities, which were both associated with better episodic memory and executive functioning. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that time spent with friends may promote both cognitively and physically stimulating activities that could help to preserve not only these social relationships but also cognitive functioning.
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22
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Designing ICTs for Users with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Usability Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145153. [PMID: 32708861 PMCID: PMC7399939 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Research has supported the cost-effectiveness of cognitive training tools enhanced by information and communication technologies (ICT) in several populations, including individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and age-related cognitive decline. The implementation of ICTs in this population, however, is sometimes challenging to their cognitive and age characteristics. Ultimately, this might compromise the effectiveness of ICT-enhanced therapies in this population. The aim of this study is to test the usability and acceptability of a European project prototype for elderly care, in an attempt to explore the ICT design needs of users with MCI. Methods: Participants were 28 individuals aged 58–95 years and with a diagnosis of MCI. Results: The results showed a low perception of peripheral elements and the need to place main interaction elements in the centre of the screen. The correlation between the general level of autonomy (daily life activities) and the ICT autonomy level was significant and positive. The speed of audio help had a significant impact on performance. Conclusion: The present work contributes to the literature on ICT usability needs of users with MCI. Some usability recommendations for designing interfaces for this type of user are provided in the text.
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23
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Pan X, Chee KH. The power of weak ties in preserving cognitive function: a longitudinal study of older Chinese adults. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1046-1053. [PMID: 30955345 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1597015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Characterized by infrequent contact, low emotional intensity, and limited intimacy, weak ties are found to be associated with better subjective well-being and other health outcomes. Drawing on the theory of weak ties and the convoy model of social relations, this paper aims to examine the association between weak ties and cognitive function among older adults in China.Methods: We used multilevel growth modeling to analyze panel data for adults aged 60 years and over (N = 2,650) selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2015). Weak ties were measured based on the frequency of social activity participation and the number of social activities.Results: Weekly or irregular social activity participation in at least one social activity was significantly associated with better mental status and memory. The number of participated social activities was also significantly and positively associated with mental status and memory. After controlling for age, gender, marital status, educational attainment, geographic residence, household expenditures, and health conditions (i.e., depressive symptoms and self-reported health), we found that participation in a greater number of social activities protected memory from declining by 4% for every 2 years (p < 0.001).Conclusion: These findings suggest that social interactions with peripheral members of a diverse social network may help prevent cognitive decline for older Chinese adults. Greater attention on weak ties might yield practical implications for non-pharmacological dementia prevention and health promotion for the general older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Pan
- Department of Sociology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Kyong Hee Chee
- Department of Sociology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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24
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Huang Z, Chen Y, Zhou W, Li X, Qin Q, Fei Y, Dong X, Yu F. Analyzing functional status and its correlates in Chinese centenarians: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 22:639-647. [PMID: 32141149 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Factors affecting independence in basic and instrumental activities of daily living have been established in older adults, but not centenarians. The purpose of this study was to examine the state and factors affecting activities of daily living independence in centenarians who resided in Guangxi Province, China. A cross-sectional design was used. Activities of daily living, physical activity, mobility, and physical performance were measured by the Population Study of ChINese Elderly study instruments, and demographics and cognition were assessed. Of the 228 participants, 57% were independent in basic activities of daily living and 5.7% in instrumental activities of daily living. Stepwise regression showed physical activity, cognition, calf circumference, and self-reported health were associated with basic activities of daily living. Physical activity, mobility, cognition, and physical performance were correlated with instrumental activities of daily living. In conclusion, the Chinese centenarians showed impaired instrumental activities of daily living but mostly maintained basic functioning. Physical activity and cognition were associated with activities of daily living independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyong Huang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Yuzhu Chen
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute of Nutrition and School Health, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwen Zhou
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute of Nutrition and School Health, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute of Nutrition and School Health, Nanning, China
| | - Qiulan Qin
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Institute of Nutrition and School Health, Nanning, China
| | - Yunqing Fei
- University of Minnesota Center for Global Health and Social Responsibility, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xinqi Dong
- Rutgers University Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, Rutgers, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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25
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Ding G, Li J, Lian Z. Both short and long sleep durations are associated with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Chinese older adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19667. [PMID: 32221096 PMCID: PMC7220266 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the association between sleep duration and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Chinese older adults.The associations between sleep duration and cognitive function have been widely studied across various age ranges but are of particular importance among older adults. However, there are inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive function in the literature.This study is an observational cross-sectional study. We analyzed data from 1115 Chinese individuals aged 60 and older from 3 Chinese communities (Beijing, Hefei, and Lanzhou). Cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination total score less than 24 points. Odds ratios (ORs) of associations were calculated and adjusted for potential confounders in logistic regression models.The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 25.7% (n = 287). Controlling for all demographic, lifestyle factors, and coexisting conditions, the adjusted OR for cognitive impairment was 2.54 (95% CI = 1.70-3.80) with <6 hours sleep and 2.39 (95% CI = 1.41-4.06) with >8 hours sleep.Both short and long sleep durations were related to worse cognitive function among community-dwelling Chinese elderly adults.
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26
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Li J, Wang Z, Lian Z, Zhu Z, Liu Y. Social Networks, Community Engagement, and Cognitive Impairment among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2019; 9:330-337. [PMID: 31608097 PMCID: PMC6787432 DOI: 10.1159/000502090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To examine the association of social networks and community engagement with cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Chinese older adults. Methods From November 2017 to May 2018, we selected 1,115 elderly individuals from 3 Chinese communities (Beijing, Hefei, and Lanzhou) using a random-cluster sampling method, and recorded data on demographics, social network characteristics, community activities, and cognitive function. The odds ratios (ORs) of these associations were adjusted for potential confounders in logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 25.7′ (n = 287). An adequate social network (OR 0.55; 95′ confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.91) and enough social support from friends (OR 0.43; 95′ CI 0.29–0.62) were negatively associated with cognitive impairment. Family support was not significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR 0.64; 95′ CI 0.34–1.21). Taking part in elderly group travel, communication with others using WeChat, and community activities such as Tai Chi and walking together were negatively associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusion Social network characteristics and community engagement were found to be related to cognitive function among community-dwelling Chinese elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Li
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zijuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Lian
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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27
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Zhang W, Liu S, Sun F, Dong X. Neighborhood social cohesion and cognitive function in U.S. Chinese older adults-findings from the PINE study. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1113-1121. [PMID: 30518241 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1480705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The projected increase in the population of older adults in the United States entails a pressing need to examine risk and protective factors associated with cognitive function. This study aims to examine the association between neighborhood social cohesion and cognitive function among older Chinese adults in the United States. Method: Using the first epidemiological survey of older Chinese Americans and applying ordinary least squares and quantile regressions, this study examines the association between neighborhood social cohesion and various domains of cognitive function. Results: Results show that neighborhood social cohesion is independently associated with most domains of cognitive function (i.e. global cognition score, and its components such as the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination and executive function and episodic memory measures). Conclusion: This study represents one of a few initial efforts that examined the association between neighborhood social cohesion and cognitive function for Chinese older adults in the United States. Our findings suggest that socially cohesive neighborhoods can provide enriched environments where active lifestyles can be encouraged, and cognitive skills and abilities can be stimulated, practiced, and preserved for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- a Department of Sociology , University of Hawaii at Mānoa , Honolulu , Hawaii
| | - Sizhe Liu
- b Department of Sociology , University of Hawaii at Mānoa , Honolulu , Hawaii , USA
| | - Fei Sun
- c School of Social Work , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan
| | - XinQi Dong
- d Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research , Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey
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Park S, Kwon E, Kim B, Han Y. Person-Environment Fit Approach to Trajectories of Cognitive Function Among Older Adults Who Live Alone: Intersection of Life-Course SES Disadvantage and Senior Housing. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 74:e1-e12. [PMID: 31038160 PMCID: PMC6703233 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Drawing from life course and environmental perspectives, we examined the trajectory of cognitive function and how senior housing moderates the effects of life-course socioeconomic status (SES) disadvantage among older people living alone over time. METHOD Six waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used with multilevel growth modeling to analyze developmental patterns of cognitive function over time and how various forms of life-course SES disadvantage affect cognitive function depending on senior housing residency status. RESULTS At baseline, we found a positive role of senior housing in four subgroups: SES disadvantage in childhood only, unstable mobility pattern (disadvantage in childhood and old age only), downward mobility (no disadvantage in childhood, but in later two life stages), and cumulative disadvantage (all three life stages). Over time, the positive role of senior housing for the unstable and the most vulnerable group persisted. DISCUSSION Our findings provide a much-needed practical and theoretical underpinning for environmental policy-making efforts regarding vulnerable elders who live alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung Park
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Eunsun Kwon
- Department of Social Work, St. Cloud State University, Minnesota
| | - BoRin Kim
- Department of Social Work, University of New Hampshire, Durham
| | - Yoonsun Han
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Schwartz E, Khalaila R, Litwin H. Contact frequency and cognitive health among older adults in Israel. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1008-1016. [PMID: 29723058 PMCID: PMC6215531 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1459472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The current study set out to examine the links between contact frequency with one's social network and cognitive health in later life. It assessed both direct and indirect pathways and the possible role of ethnicity in the effect of the social network on cognitive function. Method: We used data from adults aged 50 and above, which was collected in Israel as part of the Survey of Ageing, Retirement and Health (SHARE). A moderated mediation analysis was conducted to test the direct and indirect associations between contact frequency and cognitive function, as well as the moderation of these associations by population group. Three population groups were examined - veteran-Jews, Arabs and immigrants from the former Soviet Union. Results: Contact frequency with the close social milieu was found to be directly positively related to cognitive function. The association was also mediated by depressive symptoms, such that frequent contacts were linked to cognitive health via reduced depressive symptoms. This indirect link differed, however, among the three population groups. Conclusion: Contact frequency is important for cognitive health in the second half of life, and it operates both directly and by decreasing depressive symptoms. However, these links are not found among all ethnic groups and may, therefore, depend on the culture and social norms of each group and the meaning attributed to social ties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Schwartz
- Israel Gerontological Data Center, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rabia Khalaila
- Department of Nursing, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
| | - Howard Litwin
- Israel Gerontological Data Center, Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
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30
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Zahodne LB, Ajrouch KJ, Sharifian N, Antonucci TC. Social relations and age-related change in memory. Psychol Aging 2019; 34:751-765. [PMID: 31180697 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that social relations are associated with age-related memory change. However, social relations are complex and multidimensional, and it is not yet clear which aspects (structure, quality) may be beneficial over time. Further, the strength and direction of associations may differ depending on relationship type (partner, children, other family, friends). Using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (n = 10,390; Mage = 69, SD = 9.53 at baseline), latent growth curve models tested which aspects of social relations predicted 6-year episodic memory trajectories. Both structure and quality of social relations were associated with initial memory level, such that being married/partnered, reporting more frequent contact with children and friends, reporting less support from family members other than partners and children, and reporting less strain across relationship types were each independently associated with better initial memory. In contrast, only structure was associated with subsequent memory decline. Specifically, being married/partnered and reporting more frequent contact with friends were each independently associated with slower memory decline. No evidence of bidirectionality was found, as baseline memory did not predict subsequent changes in social relations. This longitudinal study helps to clarify which aspects of social relations are most likely to influence late-life episodic memory trajectories. Future intervention studies may focus on increasing social interactions with nonfamily members to minimize memory decline with age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Amano T, Morrow-Howell N, Park S. Patterns of Social Engagement Among Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 75:1361-1371. [DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Promoting engagement in social activities may be an intervention that prevents or delays cognitive impairment. Nevertheless, little is known about social engagement among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aim to examine patterns of social engagement among people with MCI and to assess whether factors under 4 domains of the WHO’s ICF model (personal factors, environmental factors, body functions and structure, and health condition) associate with different patterns of social engagement.
Method
Data were drawn from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study. The final sample comprised 1,227 people with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND). Latent class analysis and multinomial logistic regression were utilized.
Results
Three patterns of social engagement were identified: informal social engagement only, formal and informal social engagement, and low social engagement. Factors in each of the 4 ICF model domains were associated with the probability of class membership.
Discussion
Our findings suggest that social engagement is heterogeneous among people with CIND and that some groups of people with CIND have possibilities of engaging in more social activities, especially in formal social activities. Results also indicate that providing informal social resources may be essential for social programs designed specifically for people with CIND to promote their formal social engagement. Future study is needed to examine possible differences in outcomes across groups with similar patterns of social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sojung Park
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
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Living alone and cognitive function in later life. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 81:222-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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The relation of close friends to cognitive performance in old age: the mediating role of leisure activities. Int Psychogeriatr 2018; 30:1753-1758. [PMID: 29852881 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610218000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTBackground:From a conceptual point of view, close friends are an important resource for promoting activity engagement in old age. Leisure activity engagement in turn is a key predictor of cognitive performance. Empirically, it remains unclear so far whether leisure activity engagement mediates between having close friends on the one hand and cognitive performance on the other, which we investigated in a large sample of older adults. METHODS We assessed cognitive performance (Mill Hill vocabulary scale and Trail Making Test (TMT) parts A and B) in 2,812 older adults. Participants reported information on leisure activity engagement and close friends. RESULTS A larger number of leisure activities and a larger number of close friends were significantly related to better cognitive performance in the Mill Hill vocabulary scale and TMT parts A and B. A larger number of close friends were significantly related to a larger number of leisure activities. The number of leisure activities mediated more than half of the relation of the number of close friends to performance in all three cognitive measures. CONCLUSIONS Having close friends may be helpful to stimulate and promote activity participation in old age. By enhancing individuals' cognitive reserve, this may finally preserve their cognitive performance level in old age.
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Ihle A, Oris M, Sauter J, Rimmele U, Kliegel M. Cognitive Reserve and Social Capital Accrued in Early and Midlife Moderate the Relation of Psychological Stress to Cognitive Performance in Old Age. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 45:190-197. [PMID: 29870984 DOI: 10.1159/000488052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study set out to investigate the relation of psychological stress to cognitive performance and its interplay with key life course markers of cognitive reserve and social capital in a large sample of older adults. METHODS We assessed cognitive performance (verbal abilities and processing speed) and psychological stress in 2,812 older adults. The Participants reported information on education, occupation, leisure activities, family, and close friends. RESULTS Greater psychological stress was significantly related to lower performance in verbal abilities and processing speed. Moderation analyses suggested that the relations of psychological stress to cognitive performance were reduced in individuals with higher education, a higher cognitive level of the first profession practiced after education, a larger number of midlife leisure activities, a larger number of significant family members, and a larger number of close friends. CONCLUSION Cognitive reserve and social capital accrued in early and midlife may reduce the detrimental influences of psychological stress on cognitive functioning in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ihle
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Oris
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Sauter
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Rimmele
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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He Y, Zhao Y, Yao Y, Yang S, Li J, Liu M, Chen X, Wang J, Zhu Q, Li X, Zhang F, Luan F. Cohort Profile: The China Hainan Centenarian Cohort Study (CHCCS). Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:694-695h. [PMID: 29506028 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yao He
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yao Yao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases
| | - Jing Li
- Management Department, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases
| | | | - Jianhua Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Diseases
| | | | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Management Department, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Fuxin Luan
- Management Department, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
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Fu C, Li Z, Mao Z. Association between Social Activities and Cognitive Function among the Elderly in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E231. [PMID: 29385773 PMCID: PMC5858300 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Participation in social activities is one of important factors for older adults' health. The present study aims to examine the cross-sectional association between social activities and cognitive function among Chinese elderly. A total of 8966 individuals aged 60 and older from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were obtained for this study. Telephone interviews of cognitive status, episodic memory, and visuospatial abilities were assessed by questionnaire. We used the sum of all three of the above measures to represent the respondent's cognitive status as a whole. Types and frequencies of participation in social groups were used to measure social activities. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between social activities and cognitive function. After adjustment for demographics, smoking, drinking, depression, hypertension, diabetes, basic activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and self-rated health, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that interaction with friends, participating in hobby groups, and sports groups were associated with better cognitive function among both men and women (p < 0.05); doing volunteer work was associated with better cognitive function among women but not among men (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that there is a cross-sectional association between participation in social activities and cognitive function among Chinese elderly. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the effects of social activities on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Fu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zongfu Mao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, No.115 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Pinto-Bruno ÁC, García-Casal JA, Csipke E, Jenaro-Río C, Franco-Martín M. ICT-based applications to improve social health and social participation in older adults with dementia. A systematic literature review. Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:58-65. [PMID: 27936876 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1262818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Information and communication technologies (ICT) developers, together with dementia experts have created several technological solutions to improve and facilitate social health and social participation and quality of life of older adults living with dementia. However, there is a need to carry out a systematic literature review that focuses on the validity and efficacy of these new technologies assessing their utility to promote 'social health' and 'active ageing' in people with dementia. METHOD Searches in electronic databases identified 3824 articles of which 6 met the inclusion criteria and were coded according to their methodological approach, sample sizes, type of outcomes and results. RESULTS Six papers were identified reporting the use of 10 different interventions with people with dementia. Qualitative studies (four) showed a benefit of the use of technologies to foster social participation in people with dementia. At the same time, barriers to a widespread use of these technologies in this population were identified. A quantitative study and a mixed-method study with quantitative outcomes showed that ICT-based interventions promote more social behaviours than non-technology-based interventions. CONCLUSIONS In the last years, several technological devices for living independently and fostering social health and social participation in people with dementia have been developed. However, specific outcome measures to assess social health and social participation are needed. Even though the analysed studies provided some evidence-base for the use of technology in this field, there is an urge to develop high quality studies and specific outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel C Pinto-Bruno
- a Department of personality, evaluation and psychological treatment , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.,b Department of Research & Development , INTRAS Foundation , Zamora , Spain
| | - J Antonio García-Casal
- a Department of personality, evaluation and psychological treatment , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.,b Department of Research & Development , INTRAS Foundation , Zamora , Spain
| | - Emese Csipke
- d Division of Psychiatry , University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Jenaro-Río
- a Department of personality, evaluation and psychological treatment , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Manuel Franco-Martín
- a Department of personality, evaluation and psychological treatment , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.,c Department of Psychiatry , Zamora Hospital , Zamora , Spain
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Hao Q, Yang M, Luo L, Hai S, Ding X, Dong B. The association of falls and various physical activities in Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61:21-6. [PMID: 25957059 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between falls and various physical activities in the oldest old people. This study was conducted to observe the association of fall with various exercise habits and farm work in very old people. In this cross-sectional study of a Chinese cohort of men and women aged 90-108 years, we observed the association of fall with habitual (current and former) farm work and exercise in very old people. The population included 805 unrelated Chinese nonagenarians and centenarians (68.94% of the subjects were women, with a mean age of 93.70 years). In the women, the subjects with a continuing exercise habit had a significantly lower prevalence of fall than those without an exercise habit; the subjects who had never exercised had a significantly higher prevalence of fall than those who exercised. In men, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of these habits between the subjects with and without fall. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, educational levels, life styles, vision levels and temperament, we found that current habitual farm work (OR=1.755 95% CI (1.107, 2.780)) and exercise OR=0.666 95% CI (0.445, 0.997) had a significant odds ratio for fall; among the females, continuing exercise (vs. having never exercised) had a significant odds ratio for fall (OR=0.620 95% CI (0.395, 0.973)). Habitual farm work might be positively associated with fall; however, habitual exercise might be negatively associated with fall in Chinese long-lived old people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; The Center of Coordination and Innovation for Aging Care and Health Promotion of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; The Center of Coordination and Innovation for Aging Care and Health Promotion of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Luo
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; The Center of Coordination and Innovation for Aging Care and Health Promotion of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Hai
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; The Center of Coordination and Innovation for Aging Care and Health Promotion of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; The Center of Coordination and Innovation for Aging Care and Health Promotion of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Birong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Si Chuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; The Center of Coordination and Innovation for Aging Care and Health Promotion of Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
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