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Chen S, Yin Y, Zhang Y, Yue Y, Jiang W, Hou Z, Yuan Y. Abnormal spontaneous activity of regions related to mood regulation mediates the effect of childhood emotional neglect on major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 336:111729. [PMID: 37890409 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the mediating factors between childhood emotional neglect (EN) and major depressive disorder (MDD) and whether combining multi-indicator could help diagnose MDD. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and clinical features were compared between 33 MDD patients and 36 healthy controls (HC). Mediation analysis was employed to explore whether social support or ReHo mediates the association between EN and MDD. The linear discriminant analysis model was constructed with EN, social support, and ReHo, and applied to distinguish MDD from HC in both primary and replication cohorts. We found that MDD patients experienced severer EN and poorer social support, and exhibited lower ReHo in the left middle occipital gyrus and bilateral postcentral gyrus, and higher ReHo in the right cerebellum crus1. EN could affect MDD directly and indirectly through ReHo in these discrepant brain regions and social support. Combining ReHo values of these four distinct brain regions, EN, and objective support could classify MDD patients from HC, and the 10-fold cross-validation accuracy within-study replication and in the independent cohort was 83.78 % ± 1.49 % and 82.72 % ± 2.22 %, respectively. These findings suggested that childhood EN, social support, and emotional-related regions' ReHo were associated with risks of MDD, providing new insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhen Chen
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Yin
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghua Hou
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Sekoni O, Mall S, Christofides N. The relationship between protective factors and common mental disorders among female urban slum dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263703. [PMID: 35134096 PMCID: PMC8824382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the African continent, many people live in conditions of adversity known to be associated with the onset of mental disorders, yet not all develop a mental disorder. The prevalence of common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety in the general population of Nigeria is comparatively low. Prevalence data of mental disorders in slum settings in Nigeria is sparse. There is a need to better understand the relationship between protective factors and the occurrence of common mental disorders in the Nigerian slum context. This study aimed to describe the relationship between protective factors and the occurrence of common mental disorders among female urban slum dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS AND FINDINGS A cross sectional household survey of 550 women was conducted in slum settlements in Ibadan, Nigeria. Interviewer administered questionnaires were completed to elicit information on protective factors (social connectedness, self-esteem, social support, resilience) and common mental disorders (depression, anxiety and stress). The DASS-21 was used to measure common mental disorders and protective factors were measured using the Social Connectedness Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Resilience scale and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to examine associations while adjusting for relevant confounders. Common mental disorders were reported by 14.0% of the respondents. Resilience and social support were found to be protective against reporting symptoms of common mental disorders. Women who reported higher levels of social support and resilience were less likely to report common mental disorders (OR:0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.98) and (OR:0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99) respectively. Women who were 65 years and older were also less likely to report the occurrence of common mental disorders (OR:0.38, 95% CI 0.15, 0.98) compared to those aged 18-34 years. CONCLUSION Social support and resilience appear to be protective against common mental disorders among these respondents. Further research should be conducted to explore the pathways through which protective factors reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of common mental disorders. This would be important in the development of mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutoyin Sekoni
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa
| | - Sumaya Mall
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa
| | - Nicola Christofides
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Guateng, South Africa
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Assunção MRSD, Pinto SIM, José HMG. Public and health policy for the aged in Africa to the South of Saara. Rev Bras Enferm 2021; 73Suppl 3:e20190313. [PMID: 32667415 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to know the social and health responses for the elderly in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS An integrative literature review. RESULTS There is a lack of specialized health care to meet the real needs of the elderly, and the shortage of health professionals does not contribute favorably to this situation. There is a small number of facilities for the elderly and most of them are inadequate. Although there are models of care as well as social and health support policies for the elderly, there are still inequities/inequalities in access to these policies, especially for the most disadvantaged populations. CONCLUSION Social and health policies for the elderly in Sub-Saharan Africa are below standard and appropriate economic, political and social intervention is required.
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Nguyen Hang Nguyet V, Nguyen Thi Khanh H, Nguyen Thanh L, Duong Minh D, Pham Quoc T. Factors associated with depression among the elderly living in rural Vietnam 2019: Recommendations to remove barriers of psychological service accessibility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2020.1855050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Nguyen Hang Nguyet
- Department of Health Informatics, Hanoi University of Public Health (HUPH), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Luong Nguyen Thanh
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi University of Public Health (HUPH), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Duong Minh
- Department of Population & Reproductive Health, Hanoi University of Public Health (HUPH), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Pham Quoc
- Department of Health Informatics, Hanoi University of Public Health (HUPH), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Jin Y, Zhang YS, Zhang Q, Rao WW, Zhang LL, Cui LJ, Li JF, Li L, Ungvari GS, Jackson T, Li KQ, Xiang YT. Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Correlates of Poor Mental Health Among Older Adults in Agricultural Areas of China. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:549148. [PMID: 33250790 PMCID: PMC7674548 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.549148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Poor mental health is associated with impaired social functioning, lower quality of life, and increased risk of suicide and mortality. This study examined the prevalence of poor general mental health among older adults (aged 65 years and above) and its sociodemographic correlates in Hebei province, which is a predominantly agricultural area of China. Methods: This epidemiological survey was conducted from April to August 2016. General mental health status was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: A total of 3,911 participants were included. The prevalence of poor mental health (defined as GHQ-12 total score ≥ 4) was 9.31% [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.4-10.2%]. Multivariable logistic regression analyses found that female gender [P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.29-2.07], lower education level (P = 0.048, OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.00-1.75), lower annual household income (P = 0.005, OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.17-2.51), presence of major medical conditions (P < 0.001, OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 2.19-3.96) and family history of psychiatric disorders (P < 0.001, OR = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.02-6.17) were significantly associated with poor mental health. Conclusion: The prevalence of poor mental health among older adults in a predominantly agricultural area was lower than findings from many other countries and areas in China. However, continued surveillance of mental health status among older adults in China is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yun-Shu Zhang
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Wang Rao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Li-Jun Cui
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Todd Jackson
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ke-Qing Li
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Hebei Psychiatric Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Malek Rivan NF, Shahar S, Rajab NF, Singh DKA, Din NC, Hazlina M, Hamid TATA. Cognitive frailty among Malaysian older adults: baseline findings from the LRGS TUA cohort study. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1343-1352. [PMID: 31413555 PMCID: PMC6663036 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s211027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed at determining the presence of cognitive frailty and its associated factors among community-dwelling older adults from the "LRGS-Towards Useful Aging (TUA)" longitudinal study. PATIENTS AND METHODS The available data related to cognitive frailty among a sub-sample of older adults aged 60 years and above (n=815) from two states in Malaysia were analysed. In the LRGS-TUA study, a comprehensive interview-based questionnaire was administered to obtain the socio-demographic information of the participants, followed by assessments to examine the cognitive function, functional status, dietary intake, lifestyle, psychosocial status and biomarkers associated with cognitive frailty. The factors associated with cognitive frailty were assessed using a bivariate logistic regression (BLR). RESULTS The majority of the older adults were categorized as robust (68.4%), followed by cognitively pre-frail (37.4%) and cognitively frail (2.2%). The data on the cognitively frail and pre-frail groups were combined for comparison with the robust group. A hierarchical BLR indicated that advancing age (OR=1.04, 95% CI:1.01-1.08, p<0.05) and depression (OR=1.49, 95% CI:1.34-1.65, p<0.001) scored lower on the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) scale (OR=0.98, 95% CI:0.96-0.99, p<0.05), while low social support (OR=0.98, 95% CI:0.97-0.99, p<0.05) and low niacin intake (OR=0.94, 95% CI:0.89-0.99, p<0.05) were found to be significant factors for cognitive frailty. Higher oxidative stress (MDA) and lower telomerase activity were also associated with cognitive frailty (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Older age, a lower niacin intake, lack of social support, depression and lower functional status were identified as significant factors associated with cognitive frailty among older Malaysian adults. MDA and telomerase activity can be used as potential biomarkers for the identification of cognitive frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Fatin Malek Rivan
- Nutritional Sciences Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetics Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Biomedical Science Programme, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Physiotherapy Programme, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normah Che Din
- Health Psychology Programme and Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahadzir Hazlina
- Internal Medicine & Geriatric Department, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kim YB, Lee SH. Social Support Network Types and Depressive Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in South Korea. Asia Pac J Public Health 2019; 31:367-375. [PMID: 30966800 DOI: 10.1177/1010539519841287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to derive empirical types of social support networks in a sample of 1000 community-dwelling, older Koreans 65 years of age or older and examine which types of social support network are associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptom was assessed using the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form. Using K-means cluster analysis, we identified 4 social support network types: friend, family, restricted, and diverse. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that diverse and family support networks were protective against depressive symptoms, whereas restricted support networks were least. Encouraging older people to develop a variety of social support networks with family and friends may help prevent depressive symptoms in the community-dwelling elderly. These findings extended prior studies and provided valuable information on how to prevent depressive symptoms of the community-dwelling elderly.
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Boztepe H, Çınar S, Ay A, Kerimoğlu Yıldız G, Kılıç C. Predictors of caregiver burden in mothers of children with leukemia and cerebral palsy. J Psychosoc Oncol 2018; 37:69-78. [PMID: 30422097 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2018.1489441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caring for a sick child can lead to considerable burden in the caregiver. Comparative studies of burden in mothers of children with different types of disorders are rare. METHODS We assessed levels of and risk factors for burden in mothers of children with leukemia (n: 70) or with cerebral palsy (CP) (n: 69). Subjects were recruited from two hospitals in Ankara. RESULTS Levels of burden or depression were not different between groups. Burden was predicted by the presence of depression in the mother and severity of illness in both groups. In the leukemia group, mothers reported higher burden if the child was male or younger; no such relationship was observed in the CP group. CONCLUSION Our results show that type of illness has an effect on levels of burden. Mothers of children with leukemia should receive more attention, especially if their child is male or younger, to take preventive measures against burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Boztepe
- a Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Sevil Çınar
- a Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ayşe Ay
- a Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gizem Kerimoğlu Yıldız
- b Department of Pediatric Nursing, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty , Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Kılıç
- c Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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Zhang D, Yang Y, Wu M, Zhao X, Sun Y, Xie H, Li H, Li Y, Wang K, Zhang J, Jia J, Su Y. The moderating effect of social support on the relationship between physical health and suicidal thoughts among Chinese rural elderly: A nursing home sample. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2018; 27:1371-1382. [PMID: 29359382 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Suicide rate is relatively high among Chinese rural elderly. While there has been some exciting work on reporting and preventing suicide among community-dwelling elderly, only a few published studies have addressed the issues of rural nursing homes in China. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among perceived social support, physical health, and suicidal thoughts of the elderly living in Chinese rural nursing homes. It also examined the moderating effects of social support on the path from physical health to suicidal thoughts of the rural institutional elderly in China. This study investigated 205 participants aged 60 years and above in Chinese rural nursing homes. Participants' suicidal thoughts, perceived social support, and physical health were assessed. This study conducted descriptive analysis, Student's t-test, and Pearson's chi-square test to test how physical health and social support predicted suicidal thoughts, as well as the moderating effects of family's, friends', and others' social support on physical health and suicidal thoughts. Both physical health and perceived social support were significantly related to suicidal thoughts. Perceived social support from family, friends, and significant others moderated the relationship between physical health and suicidal thoughts. Findings of this study suggested that increasing social support and improving physical health would be effective in both suicide prevention and intervention for the residents in Chinese rural nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Menglian Wu
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Xie
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongkai Li
- School of Mathematics, Beijing University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- School of Philosophy and social development, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,College of Humanities, Shandong Management University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kefang Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Sociology, State University of New York Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jihui Jia
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonggang Su
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Sirirak T, Arunpongpaisal S, Zimet G. Confirmatory factor analysis of the revised version of the Thai multidimensional scale of perceived social support among the elderly with depression. Aging Ment Health 2018. [PMID: 28621147 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2017.1339778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Difficulties in modeling the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) have occurred, and these were corrected in the revised version of the Thai MSPSS. However, the revised version has not been tested in elderly populations. The present study aimed at confirming the factor structure of the revised version of the MSPSS among the elderly with depressive disorders, in populations with or without depressive disorders. METHODS Eight hundred and three elderly patients were recruited from four tertiary hospitals; 190 (23.7%) had depressive disorders. All completed the revised Thai MSPSS consisting of 12 items, using a 7-point Likert scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the MSPSS was conducted in both groups. RESULTS The mean age was 69.24 years (SD 6.88), and 70% of the sample was female. There were no significant difference in demographic data between two groups. The revised version of the Thai MSPSS provided excellent internal consistency. The three-factor model was clearly superior to other alternative models in both depressed and non-depressed groups. CFA for the whole group revealed an acceptable model fit: χ2 = 147.44, df = 45, p < 0.001; Tucker-Lewis Index 0.975; Comparative Fit Index 0.982; Good Fit Index 0.966; and root-mean-square error of approximation 0.056. The fit statistics in the depressed group was better than in the non-depressed group across all models. CONCLUSIONS Due to its robust factor structure, these data support the use of the revised MSPSS as a brief instrument for assessing perceived social support in the elderly with or without depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thanitha Sirirak
- c Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai , Thailand
| | | | - Gregory Zimet
- e Department of Pediatrics , Indiana University , Indianapolis , IN , USA
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Neelapaijit A, Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Thongpibul K. Pathogenic beliefs among patients with depressive disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2017; 13:1047-1055. [PMID: 28435275 PMCID: PMC5391839 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s136212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathogenic belief is a central construct within control-mastery theory, which is an integrated dynamic-cognitive-relational approach in psychotherapy. Pathogenic beliefs result from traumatic life experiences and are considered the root of any psychological disorders presented clinically. Nevertheless, how and what type of pathogenic beliefs are attributed to clinical depressive disorder is unknown. The present study aimed to examine this issue. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty patients with depressive disorder, who came for psychotherapy at a psychotherapy clinic, were matched based on age and gender with healthy controls who were medical students. The 54-item pathogenic belief scale (PBS) was administered and compared between depressive and control groups using odds ratio (OR). RESULTS The depressed group's PBS mean score was significantly higher than the healthy controls (t=3.78, P<0.001). Thirteen of 54 items significantly differed between the two groups with ORs ranging from 3.76 to 16.79. The content of pathogenic beliefs centered on the issues of negative sense of self, lack of self-efficacy and control, and relational difficulties related to feelings of fear and humiliation. Influences of culture and gender differences on pathogenic beliefs were discussed. CONCLUSION Pathogenic beliefs relate to depression such that the higher the number of pathogenic beliefs one has, the more the likelihood of having depression. Since the PBS was developed based on clinical data (rather than theory based), cultural issues as well as age and gender may influence the development of pathogenic beliefs. Further study should be warranted and implications for clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kulvadee Thongpibul
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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