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Miri S, Farhadi B, Takasi P, Ghorbani Vajargah P, Karkhah S. Physical independence and related factors among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3400-3408. [PMID: 38846859 PMCID: PMC11152881 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adopting a physically active lifestyle is advocated as a strategy to prevent loss of physical independence and support healthy aging. This study aimed to evaluate the physical independence and related factors among older adults. Materials and methods This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted through electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Iranmedex, and Scientific Information Database from the earliest to 1 April 2022. Two researchers independently extracted information from the studies and evaluated the quality of the studies. The analysis was conducted using CMA program version 3, and each study's importance was determined based on its inverse variance. Results Five thousand seven hundred thirty-three older adults participated in this review in six studies. All evaluated studies had high quality. The mean score of physical independence in older adults was 20.07 (SE=0.76) out of 24 (95% CI: 18.58-21.56; I2 =98.573%; P<0.001). Physical activity is very important for physical independence and reduces the risk of physical dependence in older adults. Other factors, such as sex, BMI, age, abnormal performance, timed performance, sufficiently active, muscle function, handgrip strength, lower extremity function, lower body strength, maximal isometric knee extension power, lung function, aerobic endurance, sedentary time, agility, and the prevalence of arthritis, had a significant relationship with physical independence in older adults. Conclusion Older adults demonstrate favourable levels of physical independence. Notably, physical activity emerges as a significant determinant positively associated with such independence. Thus, policymakers and administrators are encouraged to strategize the creation of conducive environments for walking and exercise among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Miri
- Department of Corrective Exercise and Sport Injury, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan
| | - Bahar Farhadi
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Poorya Takasi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery
| | | | - Samad Karkhah
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht
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Zalah MA, Alsobayel HI, Algarni FS, Vennu V, Ajeebi ZH, Maeshi HM, Bindawas SM. The Severity of Pain and Comorbidities Significantly Impact the Dependency on Activities of Daily Living among Musculoskeletal Patients in Jizan, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2313. [PMID: 37628510 PMCID: PMC10454086 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited research has been carried out on the effects of pain, comorbidity, and impaired function in musculoskeletal patients in Jizan, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 115 patients (aged ≥ 55 years) with physician-diagnosed musculoskeletal conditions in Jizan to investigate the association between pain severity, comorbidities, and dependence on activities of daily living (ADLs). Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect data on pain, comorbidities, and physical function measured by ADLs. In ADLs, participants were categorized as dependent (n = 36) or independent (n = 79). Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the predictors of dependence. The results showed that higher pain severity (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21-2.38, p = 0.002) and a greater number of comorbidities (adjusted OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.06-2.17, p = 0.021) were independently associated with dependence in ADLs. These associations remained significant even after controlling for covariates. This study concluded that patients with musculoskeletal conditions in Jizan who experience high levels of pain and comorbidities are at risk of dependence on basic daily activities. Therefore, addressing pain and comorbidities is crucial for maintaining independence and improving quality of life. Personalized rehabilitation programs are needed to manage these conditions in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Zalah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Rehabilitation Center, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan 82666, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana I. Alsobayel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S. Algarni
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vishal Vennu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohoor H. Ajeebi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ahad Al Mosaraha Hospital, Jazan 86289, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem M. Maeshi
- Medical Rehabilitation Center, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan 82666, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M. Bindawas
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11614, Saudi Arabia
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Núñez-Othón G, Romero-Pérez EM, Camberos NA, Horta-Gim MA, Tánori-Tapia JM, de Paz JA. Functional Capacity of Noninstitutionalized Older Adults from Northwest Mexico: Reference Values. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1733. [PMID: 37372852 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical capacity (PC) is a strong determinant of health, quality of life, and functional independence in older adults. Having reference values for PC specific to a particular region allows for a contextual interpretation of an individual's level. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to describe the evolution of key aspects of PC during the aging process and provide reference values for the major components of health-related PC for the older adult population in Northwest Mexico. METHODS A total of 550 independent older adults (60-84 years, 70% women) from the city of Hermosillo (Sonora, Mexico) were included between January and June 2019. PC was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test Battery (SFTB) and grip-strength test. Reference values were established for 5-year age groups, providing percentile values at 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90. The percentage decrease in functional capacity with aging was determined via a linear regression analysis of age against the percentage value of each subject relative to the average value of 60-year-old individuals of the same sex. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in the results between men and women within the same age group were few and inconsistent, except for handgrip strength, which was lower in women across all age groups. The functional level, with respect to reference values for each age and sex group, was similar between men and women. The most pronounced functional decline during the aging period occurs between 70 and 80 years of age. The various tests generally show an annual percentage loss of approximately 1% from 60 years of age. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in Mexico that provides reference values for physical capacity using the Senior Fitness Test Battery. In general, older adults-both men and women-show similar functional levels with respect to their respective reference values. In general, an annual decline of 1% from the age of 60 years occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Núñez-Othón
- Division of Biological Sciences and Health, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - José Antonio de Paz
- Division of Biological Sciences and Health, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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Fushimi T, Fujihira K, Takase H, Miyashita M. Relationships among Physical Activity, Physical Function, and Food Intake in Older Japanese Adults Living in Urban Areas: A Cross-Sectional Study. Geriatrics (Basel) 2023; 8:41. [PMID: 37102967 PMCID: PMC10137593 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Japan is experiencing a super-ageing society faster than anywhere else in the world. Consequently, extending healthy life expectancy is an urgent social issue. To realize a diet that can support the extension of healthy life expectancy, we studied the quantitative relationships among physical activities (number of steps and activity calculated using an accelerometer), physical functions (muscle strength, movement function, agility, static balance, dynamic balance, and walking function), and dietary intake among 469 older adults living in the Tokyo metropolitan area (65-75 years old; 303 women and 166 men) from 23 February 2017 to 31 March 2018. Physical activities and functions were instrumentally measured, and the dietary survey adopted the photographic record method. There was a significant positive association (p < 0.05) between physical activities (steps, medium-intensity activity, and high-intensity activity) and physical functions (movement function, static balance, and walking function), but no association with muscle strength. These three physical functions were significantly positively correlated with intake of vegetables, seeds, fruits, and milk; with magnesium, potassium, and vitamin B6; and with the dietary fibre/carbohydrate composition ratio (p < 0.05). Future intervention trials must verify if balancing diet and nutrition can improve physical activities in older adults through increased physical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fushimi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujihira
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideto Takase
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyashita
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Saitama, Japan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Zhao X, Hu F. Effect of telling older adults their predictive physical fitness age on physical activity: A quasi-experimental study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e2940-e2949. [PMID: 35083807 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity plays an essential role in preventing diseases and improving overall health. Promoting physical activity has become an important intervention against low physical fitness and chronic diseases in older adults. This study aimed to determine whether telling older people their predictive physical fitness age prompts physical activity. Two hundred and fifty-three older Chinese people were assigned single-blindly to either an intervention group (n = 140) or control group (n = 113) in this quasi-experimental study. Participants in the intervention group were informed of the predictive physical fitness age and taught the difference from their chronological age while participants in the control group were not. Participants in both groups were encouraged to get more physical activities each day. The primary outcome was physical activity, and the secondary outcome was the change in physical fitness age. Results showed that for older adults with low physical fitness, all physical activity parameters (vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, walking, total physical activity and sitting) showed a significant difference between intervention and control groups after 2 and 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Moreover, physical fitness age was improved remarkably after 12 weeks compared to the control group (73.57 ± 5.75 vs. 66.85 ± 6.33 years, p < 0.05). For older adults with normal physical fitness, a remarkable difference was observed in moderate physical activity, total physical activity, and sitting between intervention and control groups after 2 weeks (p < 0.05), but the difference disappeared after 12 weeks. For older adults with high physical fitness, no significant changes were found between groups (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that telling older people their predictive physical fitness age can become a viable motivational tool to promote physical activity especially for those with low physical fitness, thereby improving their physical fitness age and overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Zhao
- Department of Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
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The Impact of Physical Activity Levels and Functional Fitness Status on the Quality of Life Perceived by Older Adults Living in Rural and Urban Areas: The Portuguese Inland Case. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071266. [PMID: 35885795 PMCID: PMC9317387 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is influenced by several factors, such as living place, physical activity (PA), and functional fitness levels. Evidence shows that functional fitness and PA levels are strongly associated with positive HRQoL, especially in the older population. However, the impact of the living place has not been investigated as an influencing variable in this context. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the HRQoL, PA, and functional fitness of older adults living in rural and urban areas of Portugal. A cross-sectional study was performed with community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and over (n = 261) living in the city of Guarda. The participants were assessed for sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical health, HRQoL, PA levels, and functional fitness status. The results showed that rural residents presented higher scores of HRQoL and functional fitness than older individuals living in urban areas. Regression models showed that functional fitness variables influence the HRQoL overall score and mental and physical subcomponents of HRQoL, regardless of the living place. In contrast, PA levels only influenced the HRQoL score in rural residents. The findings suggest that intervention programs to improve the physical health, quality of life, and well-being of the older population need to consider the country’s different geographical areas.
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The impact of a structured weight-loss treatment on physical fitness in patients with psoriatic arthritis and obesity compared to matched controls: a prospective interventional study. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:2745-2754. [PMID: 35648298 PMCID: PMC9474576 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effects of weight loss treatment on physical fitness in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and obesity compared to matched controls. Methods In total, 46 patients with PsA (CASPAR) and BMI ≥ 33 kg/m2 and 52 obese persons were included in this 12-month prospective open intervention study with a very low energy diet (640 kcal/day), followed by structured reintroduction of an energy-restricted diet and brief support for physical activity. The primary outcome was muscle strength assessed with hand-grip strength (Grippit) and leg muscle strength (timed stand test). Secondary outcomes were cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and physical functioning (SF-36PCS). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6 (M6), and 12 months (M12). Nonparametric statistics were used. Results Median weight reduction at M6 was 18.9 kg in patients and 23.0 kg in controls, (p = 0.546). At M12, patients’ median weight loss from baseline was 16.1 kg, corresponding with significant loss of total fat mass (− 30.1%), and lean mass (total − 7.0%, arm − 13.7%, and leg − 6.0%). Leg muscle strength improved in patients and controls at M6 (p < 0.001) and remained improved at M12 (p < 0.01), while hand-grip strength was unchanged in both groups. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased in controls at M6 (p = 0.018) and M12 (p = 0.028) but not in patients. Physical functioning improved in both groups at M6 (p < 0.001) and remained improved at M12 (p = 0.008) and (p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion The intervention resulted in positive effects on body weight and total body fat. Despite reduced lean body mass, the muscle strength did not deteriorate in patients with PsA and controls. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02917434, registered on September 21, 2016-retrospectively registered.
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Rodrigues Pereira NM, Pierre Massè Araya MJ, Scheicher ME. Improvement of quality of life and postural balance of institutionalized elderly people undergoing to a treadmill walking training. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 28:172-179. [PMID: 34776137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Institutionalized older adults have fewer opportunities to participate in daily living activities and tasks in an independent manner, with greater deleterious effects on the physiological losses inherent to aging and with increased gait and balance impairment compared to community-dwelling older adults. The use of a treadmill for rehabilitation, with or without partial weight support, has been studied in different groups, but not on institutionalized older adults. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of a treadmill walking program on the postural balance and quality of life of institutionalized older adults. METHODS Thirty-seven institutionalized older adults: intervention group (n = 23, 75.7 ± 7.8 years) and control group (n = 14, 78.9 ± 10.2 years). A total of 10 weeks of treadmill walking, twice a week (intervention group) vs. no training (control group). Postural balance was assessed by the Tinetti test, 6-min walk test (6MWT), and 10-m walk test and Quality of life with the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. RESULTS Significant improvement was observed in balance parameters (6MWT distance: p < 0.001; gait speed 6MWT: p < 0.001; gait speed 10MWT: p < 0.001; Tinetti scale: p = 0.001), and in the physical (p = 0.01), psychological (p = 0.002), self-assessed quality of life (p = 0.01) and overall quality of life domains (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Treadmill walking program had positive effects on the postural balance and quality of life of institutionalized older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moya Rodrigues Pereira
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel Jean Pierre Massè Araya
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Eduardo Scheicher
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Human Development and Technologies, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Janhunen M, Karner V, Katajapuu N, Niiranen O, Immonen J, Karvanen J, Heinonen A, Aartolahti E. Effectiveness of Exergame Intervention on Walking in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Phys Ther 2021; 101:6307336. [PMID: 34160022 PMCID: PMC8459884 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of exergaming on walking in older adults. In addition, the aim was to investigate the relationship between the exergaming effect and age, baseline walking performance, exercise traits, technology used, and the risk of bias. METHODS A literature search was carried out in the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, WoS, PsycInfo, and PEDro up to January 10, 2020. Studies with a randomized controlled trial design, people ≥60 years of age without neurological disorders, comparison group with other exercise or no exercise, and walking-related outcomes were included. Cochrane RoB2, meta-analysis, meta-regression, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation were used to estimate quality, treatment effect, covariates' effect, and the certainty of evidence, respectively. RESULTS In the studies included (n = 66), the overall risk of bias was low (n = 2), unclear (n = 48), or high (n = 16). Compared with comparison groups, exergaming interventions were more effective for walking improvements (standardized mean difference = -0.21; 95% CI = -0.36 to -0.06; 3102 participants, 58 studies; moderate-quality evidence) and more or equally effective (standardized mean difference = -0.32; 95% CI = -0.64 to 0.00; 1028 participants, 13 studies; low-quality evidence) after nonexergaming follow-up. The strongest effect for covariates was observed with the type of comparison group, explaining 18.6% of the variance. CONCLUSION For older adults without neurological disorders, exergame-based training improved walking, and improvements were maintained at follow-up. Greater benefits were observed when exergaming groups were compared with inactive comparison groups. To strengthen the evidence, further randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness of gamified exercise intervention are needed. IMPACT Exergaming has an effect equivalent to other types of exercising on improving walking in older adults. Physical therapists and other rehabilitation professionals may consider exergaming as a promising form of exercise in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Janhunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland,Address all correspondence to Mrs Janhunen at:
| | - Vera Karner
- Physiotherapy, University of Applied Sciences for Health Professions Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Niina Katajapuu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland,Health and Well-Being, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
| | - Oona Niiranen
- Health and Well-Being, Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Immonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha Karvanen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ari Heinonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eeva Aartolahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Albrecht BM, Stalling I, Bammann K. Sex- and age-specific normative values for handgrip strength and components of the Senior Fitness Test in community-dwelling older adults aged 65-75 years in Germany: results from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:273. [PMID: 33902490 PMCID: PMC8074447 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical fitness is a key component of independent living and healthy ageing. For the measurement of physical fitness in older adults, the Senior Fitness Test is a commonly used tool. The objective of this study is to calculate sex- and age-specific normative values for handgrip strength and components of the Senior Fitness Test for older adults (65-75 years) in Germany. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 1657 community-dwelling older adults residing in Bremen, Germany (53% female) were included in this study. Physical fitness was assessed using the following measurements of the Senior Fitness Test battery: 30s-chair stand test, 2 min-step test, sit-and-reach test, and back scratch test. In addition, handgrip strength was measured using a Saehan DHD-3 digital hand dynamometer SH1003. Sex- and age specific normative values were calculated for the 1st, 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th, and 99th percentile using the GAMLSS method. RESULTS The normative values show differences dependent on sex and age. For handgrip strength, the 30s-chair stand test and the 2 min-step test, normative values were higher for men, while women reached higher values in the sit-and-reach test and the back scratch test. For both, men and women, normative values declined with age. CONCLUSIONS This study provides sex- and age-specific normative values for handgrip strength and components of the Senior Fitness Test for older adults in Germany. They might be useful for future research and for the application in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Marie Albrecht
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Sciences (IPP), University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 2a, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Imke Stalling
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Sciences (IPP), University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 2a, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Karin Bammann
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Sciences (IPP), University of Bremen, Grazer Straße 2a, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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Does a Multicomponent Exercise Program Improve Physical Fitness in Older Adults? Findings From a 5-Year Longitudinal Study. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 29:814-821. [PMID: 33761457 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the physical fitness of older adults participating in a 5-year multicomponent exercise program. The sample consisted of 138 older adults aged 60-93 years (70.4 ± 7.8 years) evaluated with the Senior Fitness Test (muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and cardiorespiratory fitness). The multicomponent program was carried out between the months of March and November of each year. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (factor year: Year 1, Year 2, Year 3, Year 4, and Year 5; factor time: pretest and posttest) with Bonferroni's post hoc test. Participation in the multicomponent exercise program for 5 years (baseline pretest Year 1 and follow-up Year 5) improved lower and upper limb strength, lower limb flexibility, and balance and cardiorespiratory fitness, while upper limb flexibility was maintained. Year-by-year analysis revealed variable patterns for each fitness parameter. The results of this study show the potential benefits of implementing a long-term community-based exercise program.
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Fraga I, Weber C, Galiano WB, Iraci L, Wohlgemuth M, Morales G, Cercato C, Rodriguez J, Pochmann D, Dani C, Menz P, Bosco AD, Elsner VR. Effects of a multimodal exercise protocol on functional outcomes, epigenetic modulation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in institutionalized older adults: a quasi-experimental pilot study. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2479-2485. [PMID: 33907037 PMCID: PMC8374571 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes have been shown to be associated with both aging process and aging-related diseases. There is evidence regarding the benefits of physical activity on the functionality, cognition, and quality of life of institutionalized older adults, however, the molecular mechanisms involved are not elucidated. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of a multimodal exercise intervention on functional outcomes, cognitive performance, quality of life (QOL), epigenetic markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels among institutionalized older adult individuals. Participants (n = 8) without dementia who were aged 73.38 ± 11.28 years and predominantly female (87.5%) were included in this quasi-experimental pilot study. A multimodal exercise protocol (cardiovascular capacity, strength, balance/agility and flexibility, perception and cognition) consisted of twice weekly sessions (60 minutes each) over 8 weeks. Balance (Berg Scale), mobility (Timed Up and Go test), functional capacity (Six-Minute Walk test), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination) and QOL (the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Scale questionnaire) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Blood sample (15 mL) was also collected before and after intervention for analysis of biomarkers global histone H3 acetylation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Significant improvements were observed in cognitive function, balance, mobility, functional capacity and QOL after the intervention. In addition, a tendency toward an increase in global histone H3 acetylation levels was observed, while brain-derived neurotrophic factor level remained unchanged. This study provided evidence that an 8-week multimodal exercise protocol has a significant effect on ameliorating functional outcomes and QOL in institutionalized older adult individuals. In addition, it was also able to promote cognitive improvement, which seems to be partially related to histone hyperacetylation status. The Ethics Research Committee of Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Brazil approved the current study on June 6, 2019 (approval No. 3.376.078).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasmin Fraga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Camila Weber
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Wériton Baldo Galiano
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Lucio Iraci
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Mariana Wohlgemuth
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Morales
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Camila Cercato
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Juliana Rodriguez
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Caroline Dani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Pérsia Menz
- Physiotherapist, working in Long-Term Institutions, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Adriane Dal Bosco
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Viviane Rostirola Elsner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação, Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Gomez-Bruton A, Navarrete-Villanueva D, Pérez-Gómez J, Vila-Maldonado S, Gesteiro E, Gusi N, Villa-Vicente JG, Espino L, Gonzalez-Gross M, Casajus JA, Ara I, Gomez-Cabello A, Vicente-Rodríguez G. The effects of Age, Organized Physical Activity and Sedentarism on Fitness in Older Adults: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124312. [PMID: 32560257 PMCID: PMC7345727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present study were (1) to describe the changes in physical fitness during an 8 year follow-up in a large sample of Spanish adults aged 65 or over that are initially engaged in organized physical activity (OPA), (2) to compare fitness changes according to different age groups (65 to 69 vs. 70 to 74 vs. ≥75 years-old), (3) to evaluate the independent and combined effects of changes in OPA engagement and sitting time (ST) on physical fitness. A total of 642 (147 males) non-institutionalized over 65 years-old participants completed the EXERNET battery fitness tests and completed a validated questionnaire from which information regarding OPA and ST were collected. All participants completed evaluations in 2008–2009 and in 2016–2017. An impairment of fitness-related variables happens after 65 years of age in both males and females, with the older participants (≥75), showing the largest decreases. Males who continued performing OPA demonstrated lower decreases in balance, leg flexibility and agility when compared to those who stopped performing OPA during the follow-up. Females who continued performing OPA demonstrated lower decreases of all variables except for balance when compared to those who stopped performing OPA during the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (J.A.C.); (A.G.-C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - David Navarrete-Villanueva
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (J.A.C.); (A.G.-C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- HEME Research Group, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Sara Vila-Maldonado
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eva Gesteiro
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcis Gusi
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- International Institute for Aging, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Luis Espino
- Unit of Sport Medicine, Cabildo of Gran Canaria, 35002 Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Casajus
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (J.A.C.); (A.G.-C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alba Gomez-Cabello
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (J.A.C.); (A.G.-C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - German Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (D.N.-V.); (J.A.C.); (A.G.-C.); (G.V.-R.)
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Red española de Investigación en Ejercicio Físico y Salud, EXERNET, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (E.G.); (I.A.)
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Pereira C, Bravo J, Raimundo A, Tomas-Carus P, Mendes F, Baptista F. Risk for physical dependence in community-dwelling older adults: The role of fear of falling, falls and fall-related injuries. Int J Older People Nurs 2020; 15:e12310. [PMID: 32083403 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls and fall-related injuries along with fear of falling (FoF) seem to restrict activities of daily living (ADL), resulting in physical dependence. However, it is still unclear how falls and related injuries or FoF by themselves explain general and specific ADL dependence. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationships between falls and related injuries, FoF and physical dependence on ADL in community-dwelling older adults, controlling for age, gender, physical activity and physical fitness as confounders. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed 588 community-dwelling older adults. Falls and fall-related injuries, ADL dependence on basic, instrumental and advanced activities, FoF, demographic characteristics and health conditions were assessed through a questionnaire. Physical activity was measured through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Physical fitness was assessed by the Senior Fitness Test and the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale. Body composition was measured through bioimpedance. RESULTS Severe injuries occurrence increased the likelihood of moderate and high physical dependence by 3 and 6 times, while FoF increased this likelihood by 3 and 7 times, respectively. Also, the occurrence of previous falls, resulting in severe injuries, increased the likelihood of dependence in two instrumental ADL (3 and 4 times), while FoF increased this likelihood in numerous basic, instrumental and advanced ADL (2-3 times). The FoF was shown to explain overall physical functioning dependence, by itself, representing a constraint on the performance of most basic, instrumental and advanced ADL. CONCLUSION The FoF showed to be a greater threat to ADL dependence than falls and related injuries. Assessment guidelines for older adults living in the community should include the FoF in clinical evaluation. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Understand the isolated interplay of FoF and previous falls and injuries on ADL dependence among older adults allows healthcare professionals to perform more accurate clinical evaluations and develop more successful interventions to prevent further dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pereira
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - Jorge Bravo
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - Armando Raimundo
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - Pablo Tomas-Carus
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - Felismina Mendes
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Évora, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Enfermagem S. João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baptista
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Effectiveness of a Treadmill Training Programme in Improving the Postural Balance on Institutionalized Older Adults. J Aging Res 2020; 2020:4980618. [PMID: 32148960 PMCID: PMC7013321 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4980618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Institutionalized older adults have increased gait and balance impairment compared with community-dwelling older adults. The use of the treadmill for the rehabilitation process has been studied in different groups, but not in the institutionalized elderly. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a treadmill walking workout program on the postural balance of institutionalized older adults. Methods Postural balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), gait speed, and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) on 37 institutionalized older adults (23 in the intervention group and 14 in the control group). Training consisted of a 20-minute treadmill walking workout carried out twice a week for 10 weeks. Measurements were obtained before and after 10 weeks and with 1 month of follow-up for the intervention group. For the control group, the data were obtained before and after the training period. Results Significant improvement occurred in all motor function parameters (BBS: p < 0.01; gait speed: p < 0.01; gait speed: p < 0.01; gait speed: p < 0.01; gait speed: Conclusions The present results permit us to conclude that a treadmill walking program had positive effects on the postural balance of institutionalized older adults.
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Silva MF, Assumpção DD, Francisco PMSB, Neri AL, Yassuda MS, Borim FSA. Morbidades e associações com autoavaliação de saúde e capacidade funcional em idosos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562020023.200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivos investigar a relação entre número de doenças crônicas e autoavaliação de saúde/capacidade funcional em relação a sexo e diferentes níveis educacionais. Métodos foi realizado um estudo transversal com 419 idosos que haviam participado do estudo FIBRA, o qual investiga fragilidade em indivíduos idosos. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas, doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, autoavaliação de saúde e capacidade funcional. Foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher para testar as associações entre número de doenças e autoavaliação de saúde e capacidade funcional, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados A autoavaliação de saúde negativa foi significativamente associada com número de doenças crônicas na amostra geral, no sexo feminino e em ambas as categorias de escolaridade. Por outro lado, relatar dependência parcial ou total para realizar uma ou mais atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVDs) apresentou associação significativa para número de doenças crônicas na amostra completa, sexo feminino e 0 a 4 anos de escolaridade. Conclusão as doenças crônicas possuem um impacto negativo na autoavaliação de saúde, especialmente em mulheres e em relação aos anos de escolaridade; e na dependência funcional para AIVDs, especialmente em mulheres e pessoas com 0 a 4 anos de escolaridade.
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Lange E, Kucharski D, Svedlund S, Svensson K, Bertholds G, Gjertsson I, Mannerkorpi K. Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise in Older Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2019; 71:61-70. [PMID: 29696812 PMCID: PMC6590333 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a moderate-to-high-intensity, aerobic and resistance exercise with person-centered guidance in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), through a randomized controlled multicenter trial. METHODS Older adults (ages 65-75 years) with RA (n = 74) were randomized to either a 20-week exercise intervention at a gym (n = 36) or to home-based exercise of light intensity (n = 38). Assessments were performed at baseline, at 20 weeks, and at 12 months. The primary outcome was the difference in the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index (HAQ DI) score, and the secondary outcomes were the differences in physical fitness assessed by a cardiopulmonary exercise test, an endurance test, the timed up and go test, the sit to stand test, and an isometric elbow flexion force measurement. RESULTS No significant differences between the groups were found for the primary outcome, HAQ DI score. Within the intervention group there was a significant improvement in the HAQ DI score when compared to baseline (P = 0.022). Aerobic capacity (P < 0.001) and 3 of 4 additional performance-based tests of endurance and strength significantly improved (P < 0.05) in the intervention group when compared to the control group. In the intervention group, 71% of patients rated their health as much or very much improved compared to 24% of patients in the control group (P < 0.001). At the 12-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in change between the 2 groups on the HAQ DI score. A significant between-group difference was found for change in an endurance test (P = 0.022). CONCLUSION Aerobic and resistance exercise with person-centered guidance improved physical fitness in terms of aerobic capacity, endurance, and strength in older adults with RA.
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Effects of a 10-week multimodal exercise program on physical and cognitive function of nursing home residents: a psychomotor intervention pilot study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:471-479. [PMID: 28776280 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-017-0803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing home institutionalization tends to exacerbate loss of functioning. AIMS Examine the feasibility and the effect of a psychomotor intervention-a multimodal exercise program promoting simultaneous cognitive and motor stimulation-on the executive (planning ability and selective attention) and physical function of nursing home residents. METHODS Seventeen participants engaged in a 10-week multimodal exercise program and 17 maintained usual activities. RESULTS Exercise group improved planning ability (25-32%), selective attention (19-67%), and physical function [aerobic endurance, lower body strength, agility, balance, gait, and mobility (19-41%)], corresponding to an effect size ranging from 0.29 (small) to 1.11 (high), p < 0.05. DISCUSSION The multimodal exercise program was feasible and well tolerated. The program improved executive and physical functions of the nursing home residents, reverting the usual loss of both cognitive and motor functioning in older adult institutionalized. CONCLUSIONS Multimodal exercise programs may help to maintain or improve nursing home residents' functioning.
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A qualitative study to examine older adults' perceptions of health: Keys to aging successfully. Geriatr Nurs 2017; 38:485-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
ABSTRACTPhysical inactivity in older adults presents a significant problem within modern societies globally. Using a mixed-method approach, this study explored strategies for the development and delivery of physical activity (PA) interventions by investigating what behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are useful, and how these techniques should be implemented to be feasible for older adults. Sixty-six older adults completed a survey indicating the most useful BCTs, mapping on to motivational, volitional and automatic factors. Of these, 48 older adults participated in an interview exploring strategies for a PA intervention targeted at older adults. The most useful BCT identified in the survey was autonomy support (61.3%), followed by instruction to perform the behaviour (43.5%) and having a credible source of information about PA (42.6%). The key themes discussed in the interviews included providing support in making an informed choice, instruction on how to perform PA, information about health consequences, social support, goal setting, action and coping plans, behavioural demonstration and practice, and monitoring PA. The interviews also revealed key aspects of programme implementation including face-to-face delivery, followed up with additional materials; low cost; age-appropriate PA level; and individualised approach. Interventions assisting older adults in increasing their PA participation across a range of settings should incorporate BCTs targeting multiple processes, while tailoring their delivery to older adults’ preferences to ensure their feasibility in supporting regular PA engagement.
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A Novel Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Classification and Its Relationship With Physical Fitness in Spanish Older Adults: The PHYSMED Study. J Phys Act Health 2017; 14:815-822. [PMID: 28556668 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As there is no gold-standard methodology to classify older people in relation to physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB), this paper aimed to propose a classification combining PA and SB. METHODS Within a broader study, 433 subjects, aged 55 years and older (57% females) from Madrid and Majorca, were evaluated for PA and SB by means of validated questionnaires. Physical fitness was analyzed objectively using the EXERNET test battery. Cluster analyses were used to establish behavioral patterns, combining PA and SB. RESULTS Males spent more time doing regular PA but less time walking and working at home than females (P < .001). Comparing the groups (inactive and high sedentary, inactive and low sedentary, active and high sedentary, and active and low sedentary), the worst aerobic endurance (P < .001) and lower body strength (P < .05) were obtained in males from both inactive groups. Agility was highest in the active and low sedentary group (P < .05). No significant differences were observed in females. CONCLUSIONS The proposed classification is valid, as it classifies subjects according to their PA and SB, and outcomes are related to objectively measured fitness. It could facilitate the work of public health authorities, researchers, and physicians.
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