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Zhou F, Zhou W, Wang W, Fan C, Chen W, Ling L. Associations between Frailty and Ambient Temperature in Winter: Findings from a Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:513. [PMID: 36612832 PMCID: PMC9819953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is an accumulation of deficits characterized by reduced resistance to stressors and increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes. However, there is little known about the effect of ambient temperature in winter on frailty among older adults, a population segment with the highest frailty prevalence. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the associations between frailty and ambient temperature in winter among older adults. This study was based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) of older adults aged ≥65 years from the 2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014 waves. The 39-item accumulation of frailty index (FI) was used to assess the frailty status of the participants. The FI was categorized into three groups as follows: robust (FI ≤ 0.10), prefrail (FI > 0.10 to <0.25), and frail (FI ≥ 0.25). Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were conducted to explore the associations between frailty and ambient temperature in winter. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) modification was applied in the sensitivity analysis. A total of 9421 participants were included with a mean age of 82.81 (SD: 11.32) years. Compared with respondents living in the highest quartile (≥7.5 °C) of average temperature in January, those in the lowest quartile (<−1.9 °C) had higher odds of prefrailty (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.17−1.57) and frailty (OR = 1.61, 95%CI 1.32−1.95). The associations were stronger among the low-education groups, agricultural workers before retirement, and non-current exercisers. Additionally, results from the GEE model reported consistent findings. Lower levels of ambient temperature in winter were associated with higher likelihoods of prefrailty and frailty. The findings on vulnerability characteristics could help improve public health practices to tailor cold temperature health education and warning information.
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Lanza K, Gohlke J, Wang S, Sheffield PE, Wilhelmi O. Climate change and physical activity: ambient temperature and urban trail use in Texas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:1575-1588. [PMID: 35622168 PMCID: PMC9135991 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Individuals in the USA are insufficiently active, increasing their chronic disease risk. Extreme temperatures may reduce physical activity due to thermal discomfort. Cooler climate studies have suggested climate change may have a net positive effect on physical activity, yet research gaps remain for warmer climates and within-day physical activity patterns. We determined the association between ambient temperatures (contemporary and projected) and urban trail use in a humid subtropical climate. At a trail in Austin, TX, five electronic counters recorded hourly pedestrian and cyclist counts in 2019. Weather data were acquired from World Weather Online. Generalized additive models estimated the association between temperature and trail counts. We then combined the estimated exposure-response relation with weather projections from climate models for intermediate (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) emissions scenarios by NASA NEX-GDDP. From summer to autumn to spring to winter, hourly trail counts shifted from bimodal (mid-morning and early-evening peaks) to one mid-day peak. Pedestrians were more likely to use the trail between 7 and 27 °C (45-81°F) with peak use at 17 °C (63°F) and cyclists between 15 and 33 °C (59-91°F) with peak use at 27 °C (81°F) than at temperature extremes. A net decrease in trail use was estimated by 2041-2060 (RCP4.5: pedestrians = - 4.5%, cyclists = - 1.1%; RCP8.5: pedestrians = - 6.6%, cyclists = - 1.6%) and 2081-2100 (RCP4.5: pedestrians = - 7.5%, cyclists = - 1.9%; RCP8.5: pedestrians = - 16%, cyclists = - 4.5%). Results suggest climate change may reduce trail use. We recommend interventions for thermal comfort at settings for physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lanza
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health in Austin, 1616 Guadalupe St, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
| | - Julia Gohlke
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Suwei Wang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, 215 Morris Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Perry E Sheffield
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl, EMPH Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Olga Wilhelmi
- Research Applications Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, 80307, USA
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Zhao C, Zhao C, Li Y, Zhao M, Wang L, Guo J, Zhang L, Sun Y, Ye X, Zhu W. The Effects of Active Video Game Exercise Based on Self-Determination Theory on Physical Fitness and Cognitive Function in Older Adults. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11143984. [PMID: 35887748 PMCID: PMC9321167 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11143984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging and physical inactivity are associated with declines in physical fitness and cognitive function. Active video games have proven to be beneficial for the physical health of older adults, but the exact effect of active video games on physical fitness and cognitive function was still unclear. Based on self-determination theory (SDT), which is a widely used theory of healthy behavior change, this study aimed to explore the effects of an active video game intervention on fitness and cognitive function in older adults. Methods: A total of 38 participants (mean age = 65.68 ± 3.78 years, 24 female) were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (active video game training) or a control group (no additional intervention). The participants in the intervention group trained for a total of 36 sessions (3 times per week for 50–55 min each) for 12 weeks. The control group continued with their normal daily living. The pre- and posttest measurements included: IPAQ-C score and physical fitness (BMI, body fat percent, blood pressure, reaction time, sit and reach, vital capacity, grip strength, static balance, blood biochemical tests for liver function, kidney function, blood lipids, glucose and insulin levels) and cognitive functions (processing speed, spatial ability, working memory, language ability, associative memory). Result: The intervention group showed a significantly smaller decrease in total average physical activity relative to the control group. BMI, vital capacity, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and spatial cognition significantly improved after training in the intervention group (BMI: F = 9.814, p = 0.004, d = −0.93, vital capacity: F = 4.708, p = 0.038, d = 0.67, systolic blood pressure: F = 5.28, p = 0.028, d = −0.68, diastolic blood pressure: F = 6.418, p = 0.016, d = −0.86, spatial cognition: F = 8.261, p = 0.007, d = 0.72). Three measures of static balance (closed eyes) also showed improvements after training (total length of swing: F = 3.728, d = −0.62, total velocity of swing: F = 3.740, d = −0.62, total area of swing: F = 2.920, d = −0.70). No significant training effects were evident in the results from the blood biochemical tests. Conclusion: This study indicates a positive influence of active video game training on physical fitness and cognitive function. The use of SDT-based active video game exercise as a feasible, safe, and effective training method for improving community older adults’ healthy, promoting group cohesion, and increasing motivation to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenfei Zhu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-177-9232-1530
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Shoemaker MJ, Kampfschulte A, Rustmann S, Dickinson MG. Dynamic factor analysis of seasonal variation in daily physical activity in individuals with heart failure and implanted cardiac devices. Heart Lung 2021; 50:754-762. [PMID: 34225086 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to determine the presence and magnitude of seasonal variation in daily physical activity (PA) in those with heart failure (HF). METHODS Retrospective study and dynamic factor analysis (DFA) of Patient Activity data from Medtronic implanted cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization devices (ICD/CRTs). RESULTS In a data set of 435 patients, distinct states/trends were identified by DFA including a classic, sinusoidal pattern of seasonal variation and a pattern of decline over the course of 12 months, which were associated with specific clinical characteristics. Overall, model fitting was good. CONCLUSIONS Those with low comorbidities, better NYHA Class, higher BMI, no hospitalization, and male sex demonstrated greater seasonal variation of at least 40 min per day between winter (lowest PA) and spring/summer (highest PA). Those with female sex and hospitalization demonstrated overall downward trajectories of approximately 40 and 80 min, respectively, over the course of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Shoemaker
- Department of Physical Therapy, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States; Spectrum Health, Department of Rehabilitation, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.
| | | | - Sarah Rustmann
- Department of Physical Therapy, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Michael G Dickinson
- Spectrum Health, Frederik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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The Impact of Weather and Seasons on Falls and Physical Activity among Older Adults with Glaucoma: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21103415. [PMID: 34068938 PMCID: PMC8156454 DOI: 10.3390/s21103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Understanding periods of the year associated with higher risk for falling and less physical activity may guide fall prevention and activity promotion for older adults. We examined the relationship between weather and seasons on falls and physical activity in a three-year cohort of older adults with glaucoma. Participants recorded falls information via monthly calendars and participated in four one-week accelerometer trials (baseline and per study year). Across 240 participants, there were 406 falls recorded over 7569 person-months, of which 163 were injurious (40%). In separate multivariable regression models incorporating generalized estimating equations, temperature, precipitation, and seasons were not significantly associated with the odds of falling, average daily steps, or average daily active minutes. However, every 10 °C increase in average daily temperature was associated with 24% higher odds of a fall being injurious, as opposed to non-injurious (p = 0.04). The odds of an injurious fall occurring outdoors, as opposed to indoors, were greater with higher average temperatures (OR per 10 °C = 1.46, p = 0.03) and with the summer season (OR = 2.69 vs. winter, p = 0.03). Falls and physical activity should be understood as year-round issues for older adults, although the likelihood of injury and the location of fall-related injuries may change with warmer season and temperatures.
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Berengüí R, López-Gullón JM, Angosto S. Physical Sports Activities and Exercise Addiction during Lockdown in the Spanish Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3119. [PMID: 33803533 PMCID: PMC8003043 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the paralysis of the worldwide economy caused by the population's lockdown to stop the virus spreading, making it difficult to do exercise. The aim of this study is to analyse the commitment to and feeling of insecurity related to practising sport, sports habits and the profile of the Spanish population during lockdown according to the level of addiction to exercise. The sample consisted of 1019 subjects with a mean age of 35 years old. The variables analysed were exercise addiction, commitment to and feeling of insecurity related to sport, and sport habits. Three groups were identified according to their addiction level to exercise: asymptomatic (n = 202), symptomatic (n = 756), and at risk of addiction (n = 61). The main results indicated that a higher addiction level was associated with a higher number of days and time spent on exercise per week. Six percent of the subjects were at addiction risk, and they had a lower feeling of insecurity towards sport. These findings provide information to governments on the need to promote physical activity programmes at home to promote adequate fitness and mental wellbeing in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo Berengüí
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication, Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Guadalupe, Spain;
| | | | - Salvador Angosto
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Santiago de la Ribera, Spain;
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Turrisi TB, Bittel KM, West AB, Hojjatinia S, Hojjatinia S, Mama SK, Lagoa CM, Conroy DE. Seasons, weather, and device-measured movement behaviors: a scoping review from 2006 to 2020. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:24. [PMID: 33541375 PMCID: PMC7863471 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review summarized research on (a) seasonal differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior, and (b) specific weather indices associated with those behaviors. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched to identify relevant studies. After identifying and screening 1459 articles, data were extracted from 110 articles with 118,189 participants from 30 countries (almost exclusively high-income countries) on five continents. RESULTS Both physical activity volume and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were greater in summer than winter. Sedentary behavior was greater in winter than either spring or summer, and insufficient evidence existed to draw conclusions about seasonal differences in light physical activity. Physical activity volume and MVPA duration were positively associated with both the photoperiod and temperature, and negatively associated with precipitation. Sedentary behavior was negatively associated with photoperiod and positively associated with precipitation. Insufficient evidence existed to draw conclusions about light physical activity and specific weather indices. Many weather indices have been neglected in this literature (e.g., air quality, barometric pressure, cloud coverage, humidity, snow, visibility, windchill). CONCLUSIONS The natural environment can influence health by facilitating or inhibiting physical activity. Behavioral interventions should be sensitive to potential weather impacts. Extreme weather conditions brought about by climate change may compromise health-enhancing physical activity in the short term and, over longer periods of time, stimulate human migration in search of more suitable environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Turrisi
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kelsey M Bittel
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ashley B West
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Sahar Hojjatinia
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Scherezade K Mama
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Constantino M Lagoa
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Andreasen SC, Wright TR, Crenshaw JR, Reisman DS, Knarr BA. Relationships of Linear and Non-linear Measurements of Post-stroke Walking Activity and Their Relationship to Weather. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:551542. [PMID: 33345115 PMCID: PMC7739597 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.551542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke survivors are more sedentary than the general public. Previous research on stroke activity focuses on linear quantities. Non-linear measures, such as Jensen-Shannon Divergence and Lempel-Ziv Complexity, may help explain when and how stroke survivors move so that interventions to increase activity may be designed more effectively. Objectives: Our objective was to understand what factors affect a stroke survivor's physical activity, including weather, by characterizing activity by step counts, structure, and complexity. Methods: A custom MATLAB code was used to analyze clinical trial (NCT02835313, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02835313) data presented as minute by minute step counts. Six days of data were analyzed for 142 participants to determine the regularity of activity structure across days and complexity patterns of varied cadences. The effect of steps on structure and complexity, the season's effect on steps, structure, and complexity, and the presence of precipitation's effect on steps and complexity were all analyzed. Results: Step counts and regularity were linearly related (p < 0.001). Steps and complexity were quadratically related (r2 = 0.70 for mean values, 0.64 for daily values). Season affected complexity between spring and winter (p = 0. 019). Season had no effect on steps or structure. Precipitation had no effect on steps or complexity. Conclusions: Stroke survivors with high step counts are active at similar times each day and have higher activity complexities as measured through patterns of movement at different intensity levels. Non-linear measures, such as Jensen-Shannon Divergence and Lempel-Ziv Complexity, are valuable in describing a person's activity. Weather affects our activity parameters in terms of complexity between spring and winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney C Andreasen
- Department of Biomechanics, Biomechanics Research Building, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tamara R Wright
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Jeremy R Crenshaw
- Falls and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Darcy S Reisman
- Neuromotor Behavior Lab, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Brian A Knarr
- Department of Biomechanics, Biomechanics Research Building, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
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Wong S, Cantoral A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Pantic I, Oken E, Svensson K, Dorman M, Gutiérrez-Avila I, Rush J, McRae N, Wright RO, Baccarelli AA, Kloog I, Just AC. Associations between daily ambient temperature and sedentary time among children 4-6 years old in Mexico City. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241446. [PMID: 33125398 PMCID: PMC7598506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is a worldwide public health concern. There is consistent and growing evidence linking sedentary behavior to mortality and morbidity. Early monitoring and assessment of environmental factors associated with sedentary behaviors at a young age are important initial steps for understanding children's sedentary time and identifying pertinent interventions. OBJECTIVE This study examines the association between daily temperature (maximum, mean, minimum, and diurnal variation) and all-day sedentary time among 4-6 year old children in Mexico City (n = 559) from the year 2013 to 2015. METHODS We developed a spatiotemporally resolved hybrid satellite-based land use regression temperature model and calculated percent daily sedentary time from aggregating 10-second epoch vertical counts captured by accelerometers that participants wore for one week. We modeled generalized additive models (GAMs), one for each temperature type as a covariate (maximum, mean, minimum, and diurnal variation). All GAMs included percent all-day sedentary time as the outcome and participant-level random intercepts to account for repeated measures of sedentary time. Our models were adjusted for demographic factors and environmental exposures. RESULTS Daily maximum temperature, mean temperature, and diurnal variation have significant negative linear relationships with all-day sedentary time (p<0.01). There is no significant association between daily minimum temperature and all-day sedentary time. Children have on average 0.26% less daily sedentary time (approximately 2.2 minutes) for each 1°C increase in ambient maximum temperature (range 7.1-30.2°C), 0.27% less daily sedentary time (approximately 2.3 minutes) for each 1°C increase in ambient mean temperature (range 4.3-22.2°C), and 0.23% less daily sedentary time (approximately 2.0 minutes) for each 1°C increase in diurnal variation (range 3.0-21.6°C). CONCLUSIONS These results are contrary to our hypothesis in which we expected a curvilinear relationship between temperature (maximum, mean, minimum, and diurnal variation) and sedentary time. Our findings suggest that temperature is an important environmental factor that influences children's sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Wong
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Centro de Investigacion en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Centro de Investigacion en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ivan Pantic
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katherine Svensson
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Dorman
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Iván Gutiérrez-Avila
- Centro de Investigacion en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Johnathan Rush
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nia McRae
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine & Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
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Physical Activity Change during COVID-19 Confinement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186878. [PMID: 32967091 PMCID: PMC7558959 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The lockdown and social distancing caused by COVID-19 may influence common health behavior. The unprecedent worldwide confinement, in which Spain has been one of the most affected-with severe rules governing confinement-may have changed physical activity (PA) and sedentary habits due to prolonged stays at home. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate how self-reported PA and sedentary time (ST) have changed during confinement in the Spanish population. Methods: 3800 healthy adults (age 18-64 years) residing in Spain answered the international physical activity questionnaire short (IPAQ-S) twice between 23 March and 1 April (confinement). Data analysis was carried out taking into consideration meeting general PA recommendations before confinement, age and gender. Results: Self-reported PA decreased significantly during confinement in our sample. Vigorous physical activities (VPA) and walking time decreased by 16.8% (p < 0.001) and 58.2% (p < 0.001), respectively, whereas ST increased by 23.8% (p < 0.001). The percent of people fulfilling the 75 min/week of VPA recommendation decreased by 10.7% (p < 0.001) while the percent of people who reached 150 min/week of moderate activity barely changed (1.4%). The group that performed the most VPA before confinement showed the greatest decrease (30.5%, p < 0.001). Men reduced time in VPA more than women (21% vs 9%, respectively) who even increased time in moderate PA by 11% (p < 0.05) and reported less increase in ST than men (35% vs 25.3%, respectively). Conclusion: The Spanish adult population, especially young people, students and very active men, decreased daily self-reported PA and increased ST during COVID-19 confinement.
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Albrecht BM, Stalling I, Recke C, Bammann K. Accelerometer-assessed outdoor physical activity is associated with meteorological conditions among older adults: Cross-sectional results from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228053. [PMID: 31978178 PMCID: PMC6980536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meteorological conditions are potential determinants of physical activity (PA). A profound understanding of the determinants of PA behaviour is required for PA promotion. This study examined the association between accelerometer-assessed PA and meteorological conditions among older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study included data of 577 adults aged 65–75 years living in Bremen, Germany (52% female; 3278 days). PA was measured with accelerometers for seven consecutive days (10/15-08/16). A threshold of 240 lx was used to differentiate between outdoor physical activity (OPA) and indoor physical activity (IPA). Linear mixed models estimated the association between PA (daily accelerometer counts per minute (CPM)) and meteorological factors (temperature, cloud cover, wind, and no precipitation) derived by principal component analysis. Results The analyses showed associations between PA in CPM and the meteorological factors temperature (93.7; 95%-CL: 64.9, 122.5) and no precipitation (48.4; 95%-CL: 19.8, 77.0) in women and wind (-40.3; 95%-CL: -59.7, -20.8) and no precipitation (30.1; 95%-CL: 5.6, 54.6) in men. After distinguishing in OPA and IPA for a subsample of 128 participants (473 days), the sex differences were no longer present. OPA in CPM was associated with temperature (women: 174.5; 95%-CL: 81.3, 267.6; men: 183.3; 95%-CL: 81.2, 285.4), cloud cover (women: -153.0; 95%-CL: -200.3, -105.7; men: -123.2; 95%-CL: -174.7, -71.7), and wind (women: -118.6; 95%-CL: -189.6; -47.7; men: -96.9; 95%-CL: -177.0, -16.7). No association between OPA and no precipitation was found (women: 2.9; 95%-CL: -89.0, 94.8; men: -17.1; 95%-CL: -116.7, 82.4). Conclusions The results of this study emphasize the importance of meteorological conditions as environmental determinants of PA among older adults. Meteorological conditions should be accounted for in the unbiased assessment of habitual PA and the development of PA promotion programs. Future research should focus on the associations of OPA and IPA with meteorological conditions in different climatic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Marie Albrecht
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Sciences (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Imke Stalling
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Sciences (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Carina Recke
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Sciences (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Karin Bammann
- Institute for Public Health and Nursing Sciences (IPP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Qian XX, Chau PH, Kwan CW, Lou VW, Leung AYM, Ho M, Fong DYT, Chi I. Seasonal pattern of single falls and recurrent falls amongst community-dwelling older adults first applying for long-term care services in Hong Kong. Age Ageing 2019; 49:125-129. [PMID: 31763678 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND few studies had investigated seasonal pattern of recurrent falls. OBJECTIVE to examine seasonal pattern of both single and recurrent falls amongst community-dwelling older adults first applying for long-term care (LTC) services. METHODS a cohort of 89,100 community-dwelling Hong Kong older adults aged 65 and over first applying for LTC services from 2005 to 2014 was obtained. Logistic regression models were used to examine seasonal pattern in single and recurrent falls, whilst controlling for gender, age and year. RESULTS amongst 89,100 older adults, about 32% fell in past 90 days. Amongst the fallers, 34% fell recurrently. In 2014, the incidences of all fall, single fall and recurrent fall were 1.95, 0.80 and 1.15 per person-years, respectively. For single falls, the 90-day fall risk was highest during November to February with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.41), compared with the lowest one during July to October. For recurrent falls, the highest OR for 90-day risk was highest during November to February (1.46, 95% CI 1.31-1.64) as well. CONCLUSIONS single and recurrent falls both peaked during winter months. Interventions, such as implementing educational publicity and sending reminder to older adults in fall season, may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xing Qian
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pui Hing Chau
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Wai Kwan
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vivian Wq Lou
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Sau Po Center on Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Angela Y M Leung
- Centre for Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Mandy Ho
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Iris Chi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Giannouli E, Fillekes MP, Mellone S, Weibel R, Bock O, Zijlstra W. Predictors of real-life mobility in community-dwelling older adults: an exploration based on a comprehensive framework for analyzing mobility. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2019; 16:19. [PMID: 31700551 PMCID: PMC6825723 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-019-0225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced mobility is associated with a plethora of adverse outcomes. To support older adults in maintaining their independence, it first is important to have deeper knowledge of factors that impact on their mobility. Based on a framework that encompasses demographical, environmental, physical, cognitive, psychological and social domains, this study explores predictors of different aspects of real-life mobility in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Data were obtained in two study waves with a total sample of n = 154. Real-life mobility (physical activity-based mobility and life-space mobility) was assessed over one week using smartphones. Active and gait time and number of steps were calculated from inertial sensor data, and life-space area, total distance, and action range were calculated from GPS data. Demographic measures included age, gender and education. Physical functioning was assessed based on measures of cardiovascular fitness, leg and handgrip strength, balance and gait function; cognitive functioning was assessed based on measures of attention and executive function. Psychological and social assessments included measures of self-efficacy, depression, rigidity, arousal, and loneliness, sociableness, perceived help availability, perceived ageism and social networks. Maximum temperature was used to assess weather conditions on monitoring days. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses indicated just physical and psychological measures accounted for significant but rather low proportions of variance (5-30%) in real-life mobility. Strength measures were retained in most of the regression models. Cognitive and social measures did not remain as significant predictors in any of the models. CONCLUSIONS In older adults without mobility limitations, real-life mobility was associated primarily with measures of physical functioning. Psychological functioning also seemed to play a role for real-life mobility, though the associations were more pronounced for physical activity-based mobility than life-space mobility. Further factors should be assessed in order to achieve more conclusive results about predictors of real-life mobility in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Giannouli
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michelle Pasquale Fillekes
- University Research Priority Program ‘Dynamics of Healthy Aging’, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabato Mellone
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Robert Weibel
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Otmar Bock
- Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wiebren Zijlstra
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Nakajima Y, Schmidt SM, Malmgren Fänge A, Ono M, Ikaga T. Relationship between Perceived Indoor Temperature and Self-Reported Risk for Frailty among Community-Dwelling Older People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16040613. [PMID: 30791516 PMCID: PMC6406492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between perceived indoor temperature in winter and frailty among community-dwelling older people. This cross-sectional study included 342 people 65 years and older in Japan. Participants answered questions about demographics, frailty, housing, and perceived indoor temperature in winter. Participants were grouped based on perceived indoor temperature (Cold or Warm) and economic satisfaction (Unsatisfied or Satisfied). Differences in the frailty index between perceived indoor temperature groups and economic satisfaction groups were tested by using ANCOVA and MANCOVA. An interaction effect showed that people in the Cold Group and unsatisfied with their economic status had significantly higher frailty index scores (F(1, 336) = 5.95, p = 0.015). Furthermore, the frailty index subscale of fall risk was the specific indicator of frailty that accounted for this significant relationship. While previous research has shown the risks related to cold indoor temperature in homes, interestingly among those who reported cold homes, only those who were not satisfied with their economic situation reported being at increased risk for frailty. This highlights the potential importance of preventing fuel poverty to prevent frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Nakajima
- School of Science for Open and Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3 14 1, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Koujimachi 5 3 1, Chiyoda, Tokyo 1020083, Japan.
| | - Steven M Schmidt
- School of Science for Open and Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3 14 1, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan.
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Box 157, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Malmgren Fänge
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Box 157, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mari Ono
- School of Science for Open and Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3 14 1, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan.
| | - Toshiharu Ikaga
- Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3 14 1, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan.
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Shoemaker MJ, Ferrick A, Fischer C, Schuurman C, Cartwright K, McLeod J, Schuman E, Dam AV, Dickinson MG. Quantification of Seasonal Variation in Daily Physical Activity in Individuals with Heart Failure and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator/Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Devices. Heart Int 2019; 13:31-37. [DOI: 10.17925/hi.2019.13.2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jones GR, Stathokostas L, Young BW, Wister AV, Chau S, Clark P, Duggan M, Mitchell D, Nordland P. Development of a physical literacy model for older adults - a consensus process by the collaborative working group on physical literacy for older Canadians. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:13. [PMID: 29338694 PMCID: PMC5769546 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arguably the uptake and usability of the physical activity (PA) guidelines for older adults has not been effective with only 12% of this population meeting the minimum guidelines to maintain health. Health promoters must consider innovative ways to increase PA adoption and long-term sustainability. Physical literacy (PL) is emerging as a promising strategy to increase lifelong PA participation in younger age-groups, yet there is relatively little evidence of PL being used to support older adults in achieving the PA guidelines. METHODS An iterative and mixed-methods consensus development process was utilized over a series of six informed processes and meetings to develop a model of physical literacy for adults aged 65 years and older. RESULTS A multi-disciplinary collaborative working group (n = 9) from diverse practice settings across Canada, and representative and reflective of the full range of key elements of PL, was assembled. Three consensus meetings and two Delphi surveys, using an international cohort of 65 expert researchers, practitioners, non-government organizations and older adults, was conducted. 45% responded on the first round and consensus was achieved; however, we elected to run a second survey to support our results. With 79% response rate, there was consensus to support the new PL model for older adults. CONCLUSION Older adults are a unique group who have yet to be exposed to PL as a means to promote long-term PA participation. This new PL model uses an ecological approach to integrate PL into the lifestyles of most older adults. Understanding the interactions between components and elements that facilitate PL will ultimately provide a new and effective tool to target PA promotion and adherence for all older Canadians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R. Jones
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Liza Stathokostas
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Bradley W. Young
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Andrew V. Wister
- Gerontology Department, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3 Canada
| | - Shirley Chau
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Health & Social Development, University of British ColumbiaOkanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7 Canada
| | | | - Mary Duggan
- Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology, Ottawa, ON K1R 6Y6 Canada
| | - Drew Mitchell
- Physical Literacy, Sport for Life, Port Moody, BC V3H 4W6 Canada
| | - Peter Nordland
- Canadian Senior Games Association, Edmonton, AB T6H 4J8 Canada
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