1
|
Marañón-Vásquez GA, de Souza Araújo MT, de Oliveira Ruellas AC, Matsumoto MAN, Figueiredo M, Meyfarth SRS, Antunes LAA, Baratto-Filho F, Scariot R, Flores-Mir C, Kirschneck C, Santos Antunes L, Küchler EC. BMP2 rs1005464 is associated with mandibular condyle size variation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5987. [PMID: 38472272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in endochondral development-related genes and mandibular condyle shape, size, volume, and symmetry traits. Cone-beam Computed Tomographies and genomic DNA from 118 individuals were evaluated (age range: 15-66 years). Data from twelve 3D landmarks on mandibular condyles were submitted to morphometric analyses including Procrustes fit, principal component analysis, and estimation of centroid sizes and fluctuating asymmetry scores. Condylar volumes were additionally measured. Seven SNPs across BMP2, BMP4, RUNX2 and SMAD6 were genotyped. Linear models were fit to evaluate the effect of the SNPs on the mandibular condyles' quantitative traits. Only the association between BMP2 rs1005464 and centroid size remained significant after adjusting to account for the false discovery rate due to multiple testing. Individuals carrying at least one A allele for this SNP showed larger condylar size than common homozygotes GG (β = 0.043; 95% CI: 0.014-0.071; P value = 0.028). The model including BMP2 rs1005464, age and sex of the participants explained 17% of the variation in condylar size. Shape, volume, and symmetry were not associated with the evaluated SNPs. These results suggest that BMP2 rs1005464 might be associated with variation in the mandibular condyles size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Mônica Tirre de Souza Araújo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n., Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Marcio Figueiredo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n., Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Santos Meyfarth
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rua. Dr. Silvio Henrique Braune, 22 - Centro, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Lívia Azeredo Alves Antunes
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rua. Dr. Silvio Henrique Braune, 22 - Centro, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- Post-Graduation Program, Tuiuti University of Paraná, R. Padre Ladislau Kula, 395 - Santo Inácio, Curitiba, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Univille - Univille - University of the Joinville Region, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10 - Zona Industrial Norte, Joinville, Santa Catarina, 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632 - Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- Graduate Orthodontic Program, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 5-528 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonardo Santos Antunes
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rua. Dr. Silvio Henrique Braune, 22 - Centro, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
George AM, Felicita AS, Priyadharsini VJ, P A, Tr PA. Role of the Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) Gene in Skeletal Class II Malocclusion and Its Significant Influence on the Skeletal Facial Profile in Both the Sagittal and Vertical Dimensions: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e53596. [PMID: 38449954 PMCID: PMC10915704 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to determine the role of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene in skeletal malocclusion and its significant influence on the growth of the maxilla and the mandible in both sagittal and vertical dimensions. A search of the electronic databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane up to and including the year 2023 was made. In addition to this, a hand search of orthodontic and dentofacial orthopaedic journals was carried out. This search included randomized control trials. The Mesh terms used were "skeletal class II malocclusion", "mandibular retrognathism", "sagittal malocclusion", "genetic expression", "genetic factors", "genetic study", "genetic polymorphism", and "single nucleotide polymorphism". The inclusion criteria included studies such as clinical trials and orthopaedic appliances in the presurgical phase. The exclusion criteria for the study were studies not in the English language, case reports, case series, and studies with irrelevant data. It has been cited in various literature that polymorphic variations of the GHR gene could cause variations in mandibular morphogenesis affecting both the mandibular body length and ramal height. However, its effects are quite variable and are based on different population groups. Polymorphism of the GHR gene can be considered a reliable indicator predicting variations in affecting the growth of the mandible with greater significance in affecting the vertical ramal height compared to the body length of the mandible. Its effects on the maxillary skeletal base are rather limited comparatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Mathew George
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - A Sumathi Felicita
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Vijayashree J Priyadharsini
- Clinical Genetics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Anita P
- Clinical Genetics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Prasanna Aravind Tr
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou X, Zhang C, Yao S, Fan L, Ma L, Pan Y. Genetic architecture of non-syndromic skeletal class III malocclusion. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2423-2437. [PMID: 36350305 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion is a major craniofacial disorder characterized by genetic and environmental factors. Patients with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion require orthognathic surgery to obtain aesthetic facial appearance and functional occlusion. Recent studies have demonstrated that susceptible chromosomal regions and genetic variants of candidate genes play important roles in the etiology of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the genetic factors that affect non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion, including the patterns of inheritance and multiple genetic approaches. We then summarize the functional studies on related loci and genes using cell biology and animal models, which will help to implement individualized therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyue Yao
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lone IM, Zohud O, Nashef A, Kirschneck C, Proff P, Watted N, Iraqi FA. Dissecting the Complexity of Skeletal-Malocclusion-Associated Phenotypes: Mouse for the Rescue. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032570. [PMID: 36768894 PMCID: PMC9916875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal deformities and malocclusions being heterogeneous traits, affect populations worldwide, resulting in compromised esthetics and function and reduced quality of life. Skeletal Class III prevalence is the least common of all angle malocclusion classes, with a frequency of 7.2%, while Class II prevalence is approximately 27% on average, varying in different countries and between ethnic groups. Orthodontic malocclusions and skeletal deformities have multiple etiologies, often affected and underlined by environmental, genetic and social aspects. Here, we have conducted a comprehensive search throughout the published data until the time of writing this review for already reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) and genes associated with the development of skeletal deformation-associated phenotypes in different mouse models. Our search has found 72 significant QTL associated with the size of the mandible, the character, shape, centroid size and facial shape in mouse models. We propose that using the collaborative cross (CC), a highly diverse mouse reference genetic population, may offer a novel venue for identifying genetic factors as a cause for skeletal deformations, which may help to better understand Class III malocclusion-associated phenotype development in mice, which can be subsequently translated to humans. We suggest that by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS), an epigenetics-wide association study (EWAS), RNAseq analysis, integrating GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), micro and small RNA, and long noncoding RNA analysis in tissues associated with skeletal deformation and Class III malocclusion characterization/phenotypes, including mandibular basic bone, gum, and jaw, in the CC mouse population, we expect to better identify genetic factors and better understand the development of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal M. Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Baruch Padeh Medical Center Poriya, Poriya 1520800, Israel
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Proff
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nezar Watted
- Center for Dentistry Research and Aesthetics, Jatt 4491800, Israel
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab America University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 4491800, Israel
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, 93047 Regensburg, Germany
- Gathering for Prosperity Initiative, Jatt 4491800, Israel
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Simmons C. Attacking an old adversary: A new paradigm. Cranio 2022; 40:471-473. [PMID: 36401552 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2135674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
6
|
Park HJ, Ahn SJ, Jang J, Kim SJ, Park YG, Kim KA. Genetic effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in growth hormone receptor gene on the risk of non-syndromic mandibular prognathism in the Korean population. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 25:437-446. [PMID: 34863024 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene with mandibular prognathism (MP) and relationships between mandibular morphology and GHR gene SNPs in the Korean population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 325 subjects were divided into two groups based on sagittal maxillomandibular relationship by the lateral cephalography: the MP and control groups. From the SNPs in the GHR gene, three SNPs (rs6180, rs6182 and rs6184) were selected. SNP genotyping was performed using direct sequencing. The craniofacial measurements of lateral cephalography were analysed. RESULTS We found a lack of association between GHR and MP. However, in the analysis according to the values of cephalometric measurements, rs6180 was significantly associated with ANB, SNB, effective mandibular length and SNMP in females. Additionally, rs6182 and rs6184 were significantly associated with ramal height in males. CONCLUSION Growth hormone receptor SNPs may affect not only the sagittal development of mandible but also the vertical development of ramal height, and GHR SNPs may gender-differently influence mandibular morphology. This finding supports that the GHR might be susceptible on mandibular morphogenesis in the Korean population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jeong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jea Ahn
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinung Jang
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Guk Park
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yamaguchi T, Kim YI, Mohamed A, Hikita Y, Takahashi M, Haga S, Park SB, Maki K. Methods in Genetic Analysis for Evaluation Mandibular Shape and Size Variations in Human Mandible. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 33:e97-e101. [PMID: 33867516 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The human mandible has been investigated from both clinical and evolutionary perspectives. Recent advances in genome science have identified the genetic regulation of human mandibular shape and size. Identification of genes that regulate mandibular shape and size would not only enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of mandibular growth and development but also help define a strategy to prevent mandibular dysplasia. This review provides a comprehensive summary of why and how the mandible was evaluated in the human mandible genome study. The variation in human mandibular shape and size has been progressively clarified, not only by focusing on the mandible alone but also by using extremely diverse approaches. The methods of data acquisition for evaluating human mandibular shape and size variation are well established. Furthermore, this review explains how to proceed with future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsutaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Orthodontics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Laviana A, Thahar B, Melani A, Mardiati E, Putri L, Zakyah AD. Role of matrilin-1 (MATN1) polymorphism in class III skeletal malocclusion with mandibular prognathism in Deutero-Malay race: a case-control study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several studies have identified different genes that control the final dimension and structure of the mandible. Prognathism of the mandible is thought to correlate with these genes; however, no specific gene has been assigned as a risk factor due to various genome-wide scan results in different races. Previous studies that involved the Han ethnic group in China and Korea suggested matrilin-1 (MATN1) polymorphism as the contributor for mandibular prognathism. To date, no study has been conducted to understand the role of MATN1 in Deutero-Malay population. This study aimed to detect MATN1 gene polymorphism in the promoter and exon 5 regions, which is a proposed risk factor in class III skeletal malocclusion with mandibular prognathism in Deutero-Malay population. This was a case-control study with purposive sampling method that involved 47 class III skeletal malocclusion subjects with mandibular prognathism (case group) and 47 class I skeletal relation subjects (control group) performed in the Molecular Genetics Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. DNA isolated from buccal mucous epithelia and MATN1 gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing technique. Data were then analyzed statistically to observe the frequency of allele/genotype MATN1 in class III skeletal malocclusion and mandibular prognathism patients in comparison with the normal mandibular as well as to identify the risk factor of mandibular prognathism.
Result
The frequency of the 354 T > C(rs20566) CC genotype gene polymorphism in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group. The odd ratio (OR) value of the case group was also higher than in the control group (χ2 = 4.89; p = 0.027; OR = 6.27).
Conclusions
Our results show that the polymorphism of 354 T > C in the exon 5 region of the CC genotype MATN1 gene is a risk factor for class III skeletal malocclusion with mandible prognathism in Deutero-Malay population.
Collapse
|
9
|
Marañón-Vásquez GA, Vieira AR, de Carvalho Ramos AG, Dantas B, Romano FL, Palma-Dibb RG, Arid J, Carpio K, Nelson-Filho P, de Rossi A, Scariot R, Levy SC, Antunes LAA, Antunes LS, Küchler EC. GHR and IGF2R genes may contribute to normal variations in craniofacial dimensions: Insights from an admixed population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:722-730.e16. [PMID: 33008707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) genes are associated with different craniofacial phenotypes. METHODS A total of 596 orthodontic and 98 orthognathic patients from 4 cities in Brazil were included for analyses. Angular and linear cephalometric measurements were obtained, and phenotype characterizations were performed. Genomic DNA was collected from buccal cells and single nucleotide polymorphisms in GHR (rs2910875, rs2973015, rs1509460) and IGF2R (rs2277071, rs6909681, rs6920141) were genotyped by polymerase chain reactions using TaqMan assay. Genotype-phenotype associations were assessed in the total sample (statistical significance was set at P <8.333 × 10-3) and by a meta-analytic approach implemented to calculate the single effect size measurement for the different cohorts. RESULTS Rare homozygotes for the GHR rs2973015 showed increased measurements for the lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me) and mandibular sagittal lengths (Co-Gn and Go-Pg). In contrast, common homozygotes for the IGF2R rs6920141 presented reduced measurements for these dimensions (ANS-Me and Go-Pg). Furthermore, the less common homozygotes for IGF2R rs2277071 had reduced maxillary sagittal length (Ptm'-A'). The meta-analytical approach replicated the associations of rs2973015 with ANS-Me, rs2277071 with Ptm'-A', and rs6920141 with Go-Pg. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further evidence that GHR contributes to the determination of mandibular morphology. In addition, we report that IGF2R is a possible gene associated with variations in craniofacial dimensions. Applying meta-analytical approaches to genetic variation data originating from likely underpowered samples may provide additional insight regarding genotype and/or phenotype associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
| | | | - Beatriz Dantas
- Amazonian Education Institute, Adrianópolis, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Arid
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Carpio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andiara de Rossi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal University of Paraná, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Simone Carvalho Levy
- Graduate program, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia Azeredo A Antunes
- Graduate program, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Santos Antunes
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Denistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Clinical Research Unit, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erika C Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, and Department of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wójcik D, Beń-Skowronek I. Craniofacial Morphology in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency and Turner Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E88. [PMID: 32046211 PMCID: PMC7168196 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The review aims to collect and demonstrate recent knowledge about craniofacial morphology in growth hormone (GH)-deficient children and children with Turner syndrome. The review describes also the effects of growth hormone treatment on craniofacial morphology of children with growth hormone deficiency and Turner syndrome. Regardless of the disorder it accompanies, short stature is associated with similar craniofacial features characteristic of all short-statured children. Characteristic craniofacial features involve lesser dimensions of the cranial base and mandibular length, proportionately smaller posterior than anterior facial height, retrognathic face, and posterior rotation of the mandible. We also analyze orthodontic treatment in children affected by disorders associated with GH deficiency or provided with growth hormone treatment in the aspect of craniofacial growth. Recent publications show also the connection between growth hormone receptor polymorphism and craniofacial growth. Specialists and orthodontists treating short-statured children must be aware of the results of studies on craniofacial morphology and educate themselves on the topic of craniofacial growth in children with short stature. Moreover, knowledge of the influence of GH therapy on growth of craniofacial structures is necessary to decide the proper timing and planning of orthodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wójcik
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Beń-Skowronek
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology with Endocrine—Metabolic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Omori MA, Gerber JT, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Matsumoto MAN, Weiss SG, do Nascimento MA, Araújo MTDS, Stuani MBS, Nelson-Filho P, Scariot R, Küchler EC. Possible association between craniofacial dimensions and genetic markers in ESR1 and ESR2. J Orthod 2020; 47:65-71. [PMID: 32000574 DOI: 10.1177/1465312520901725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of genetic markers in ESR1 and ESR2 with craniofacial measurements. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. PARTICIPANTS A total of 146 biologically unrelated, self-reported Caucasian Brazilians with no syndromic conditions were included. METHODS Sagittal and vertical measurements (ANB, S-N, Ptm'-A', Co-Gn, Go-Pg, N-Me, ANS-Me, S-Go and Co-Go) from lateral cephalograms were examined for craniofacial evaluation. DNA was extracted from saliva and genetic markers in ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799) and in ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated using the Chi-square test within each marker. The associations between craniofacial dimensions and genotypes were analysed by linear regression and adjusted by sex and age. The established alpha was 5%. RESULTS Individuals carrying CC in ESR1 rs2234693 had a decrease of -3.146 mm in ANS-Me (P = 0.044). In addition, rs4986938 in ESR2 was associated with S-N measurement (P = 0.009/ ß = -3.465). This marker was also associated with Go-Pg measurement, in which the CC genotype had a decrease of -3.925 mm in the length of the mandibular body (P = 0.043). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that in ESR1 and ESR2 are markers for variations in the craniofacial dimensions. However, further research should confirm the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Ayumi Omori
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mariele Andrade do Nascimento
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Tirre de Souza Araújo
- School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Sasso Stuani
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tobón-Arroyave SI, Jiménez-Arbeláez GA, Alvarado-Gómez VA, Isaza-Guzmán DM, Flórez-Moreno GA, Pérez-Cano MI. Association analysis between rs6184 and rs6180 polymorphisms of growth hormone receptor gene regarding skeletal-facial profile in a Colombian population. Eur J Orthod 2019; 40:378-386. [PMID: 29059297 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objective There is strong evidence that genetic factors may affect the craniofacial morphology. This study aimed to examine the association between the rs6184 and rs6180 polymorphic variants of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene and skeletal-facial profile in a Colombian population. Subjects/Methods Saliva samples from 306 individuals ranging in age from 15 to 53 (mean 24.33) years were collected. Cephalometric parameters were used to categorize the participants as Class I, Class II, or Class III skeletal-facial profile. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to identify genotypes of the rs6184 and rs6180 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The association of polymorphisms with the skeletal-facial profile was assessed separately and adjusted for confounding using a multivariate binary logistic regression model, alongside with analysis of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype associations. Results Although individuals carrying the CA genotype of the rs6184 SNP showed both significantly decreased values for ANB angle and increased measures concerning mandibular body length and mandibular length, no significant differences amongst genotype groups of rs6180 SNP were observed. Moreover, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis revealed that the CA genotype of rs6184 SNP and the A-A haplotype were highly associated with Class III skeletal-facial profile. Conclusions Although these results do not support that rs6180 SNP could be identified as a predictor for skeletal-facial profile, they suggest that the allele A of rs6184 SNP alone or in combination with other SNPs in the GHR gene yields significant horizontal and longitudinal variations of the mandibular morphology and might be a strong/independent prognostic indicator for Class III skeletal-facial profile in the present population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Iván Tobón-Arroyave
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Adolfo Jiménez-Arbeláez
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Viviana Andrea Alvarado-Gómez
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana María Isaza-Guzmán
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria Amparo Flórez-Moreno
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
| | - María Isabel Pérez-Cano
- POPCAD Research Group, Laboratory of Immunodetection and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shinde GR, Mhaisekar RD, Chaube SH, Barad AN, Bhadange S, Patel HJ. Assessment of Correlation of Growth Hormone Receptor Gene with Tooth Dimensions: A CBCT and Genotyping Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:S457-S462. [PMID: 31198387 PMCID: PMC6555364 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_76_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Assessment of root morphology, size, and amount of bone around tooth is essential before starting the orthodontic treatment. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between tooth dimensions with two gene variants of growth hormone (GH), namely rs6184 and rs6180. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 218 subjects (males: 104, females: 114) requiring orthodontic treatment. All underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan for orthodontic treatment planning with Kodak CBCT machine. In all teeth, crown height (CH), root length (RL), and crown–root ratio were evaluated. Two growth hormone receptor (GHR) variants (rs6184 and rs6180) were genotyped using the TaqMan genotyping assay. Results: The mean CH and RL of all teeth, that is, maxillary and mandibular central incisors, lateral incisor, canine, first premolar, second premolar, first molar, and second molar, were measured. There was no significant difference in males and females (P > 0.05). Allele frequencies of GHR variants for rs6180 and rs6184 were 48.1% and 8.92%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed GHR rs6184 association with maxillary central incisor CH, maxillary canine RL, mandibular canine CH, and mandibular first premolar RL (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was correlation of CH of maxillary and mandibular canine and RL of maxillary canine and mandibular first premolar with GHR rs6184.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Ramdhan Shinde
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, SMBT Dental College and Hospital, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rujuta Deelip Mhaisekar
- Department of Periodontology, Vaidik Dental College and Research Centre, Daman, Daman and Diu, India
| | - Shashwati Hargovind Chaube
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vyws Dental College and Hospital, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Shivkanya Bhadange
- Department of Periodontics, R.R. Kambe dental college, Akola, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hiralkumar J Patel
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hartin SN, Hossain WA, Manzardo AM, Brown S, Fite PJ, Bortolato M, Butler MG. A descriptive study on selected growth parameters and growth hormone receptor gene in healthy young adults from the American Midwest. Growth Horm IGF Res 2018; 41:48-53. [PMID: 29459141 PMCID: PMC6064664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The first study of growth hormone receptor (GHR) genotypes in healthy young adults in the United States attending a Midwestern university and impact on selected growth parameters. OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency of GHR genotypes in a sample of healthy young adults from the United States attending a university in the Midwest and analyze the relationship between GHR genotypes and selected growth parameters. DESIGN Saliva was collected from 459 healthy young adults (237 females, 222 males; age range = 18-25 y) and DNA isolated for genotyping of GHR alleles (fl/fl, fl/d3, or d3/d3). Selected growth parameters were collected and GHR genotype data examined for previously reported associations (e.g., height, weight or bone mass density) or novel findings (e.g., % body water and index finger length). RESULTS We found 219 participants (48%) homozygous for fl/fl, 203 (44%), heterozygous fl/d3 and 37 (8%) homozygous d3/d3. The distribution of GHR genotypes in our participants was consistent with previous reports of non-US populations. Several anthropometric measures differed by sex. The distribution of GHR genotypes did not significantly differ by sex, weight, or other anthropometric measures. However, the fl/d3 genotype was more common among African-Americans. CONCLUSIONS Our study of growth and anthropometric parameters in relationship to GHR genotypes found no association with height, weight, right index finger length, BMI, bone mass density, % body fat or % body water in healthy young adults. We did identify sex differences with increased body fat, decreased bone density, body water and index finger length in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Hartin
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Waheeda A Hossain
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ann M Manzardo
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Shaquanna Brown
- Clinical Child Psychology Program and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Paula J Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics and Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Seth M. Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United Staes of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States America
| | - Elizabeth J. Leslie
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Küchler EC, Nascimento MAD, Matsumoto MAN, Romano FL, da Silva RAB, Ayumi Omori M, Antunes LA, Antunes LS, da Silva LAB, Nelson-Filho P. Genetic polymorphism in RANK is associated with mandibular size. J Orthod 2018; 45:157-162. [DOI: 10.1080/14653125.2018.1476018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Mariele Andrade do Nascimento
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Mirian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontic Clinic, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Fabio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontic Clinic, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Ayumi Omori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Lívia Azeredo Antunes
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Santos Antunes
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of RibeirãoPreto, University of São Paulo, RibeirãoPreto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hikita Y, Yamaguchi T, Tomita D, Adel M, Nakawaki T, Katayama K, Maki K, Kimura R. Growth hormone receptor gene is related to root length and tooth length in human teeth. Angle Orthod 2018; 88:575-581. [PMID: 29667468 DOI: 10.2319/092917-659.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between tooth length and growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene variants in a healthy Japanese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects consisted of 193 Japanese adults (69 men, 124 women), aged 13 to 56 years. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and genotyped GHR rs6184 and rs6180 variants using the Taqman genotyping. Computed tomography (CT) images were acquired using a dental cone-beam CT scanner and reconstructed using open-source OsiriX medical image processing software. The maxillary (upper; U) and mandibular (lower, L) central incisors (1), lateral incisors (2), canines (3), first premolars (4), second premolars (5), first molars (6), and second premolars (7) were evaluated. Teeth were assessed for crown height (CH), root length (RL), overall tooth length (C+R), and crown to root ratio (C/R). The relationships between GHR variants and CH, RL, C+R, and C/R were statistically examined. RESULTS The GHR variant rs6184 was associated with the root lengths and tooth length for the upper and lower lateral incisors and upper canines (U2 RL; U3 RL, C+R; L2 RL [ P < .05]). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the GHR rs6184 variant is associated with tooth length and ratio dimensions in a Japanese cohort. Further studies utilizing a larger sample size are needed to confirm this finding.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Mandibular prognathism is defined as an abnormal forward projection of the mandible beyond the standard relation to the cranial base and it is usually categorized as both a skeletal Class III pattern and Angle Class III malocclusion. The etiology of mandibular prognathism is still uncertain, with various genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors possibly involved. However, many reports on its coexistence in both twins and segregation in families suggest the importance of genetic influences. A multifactorial and polygenic background with a threshold for expression or an autosomal dominant mode with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are the most probable inheritance patterns. Linkage analyses have, thus far, shown the statistical significance of such loci as 1p22.1, 1p22.3, 1p32.2, 1p36, 3q26.2, 4p16.1, 6q25, 11q22, 12pter-p12.3, 12q13.13, 12q23, 12q24.11, 14q24.3 to 31.2, and 19p13.2. The following appear among candidate genes: MATN1, EPB41, growth hormone receptor, COL2A1, COL1A1, MYO1H, DUSP6, ARHGAP21, ADAMTS1, FGF23, FGFR2, TBX5, ALPL, HSPG2, EVC, EVC2, the HoxC gene cluster, insulin-like growth factor 1, PLXNA2, SSX2IP, TGFB3, LTBP2, MMP13/CLG3, KRT7, and FBN3. On the other hand, MYH1, MYH2, MYH3, MYH7, MYH8, FOXO3, NFATC1, PTGS2, KAT6B, HDAC4, and RUNX2 expression is suspected to be involved in the epigenetic regulations behind the mandibular prognathism phenotype.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kaabi YA. Frequency of the exon 3-deleted/full-length growth hormone receptor polymorphism in Saudi Arabian population. Saudi Med J 2017; 38:1090-1095. [PMID: 29114695 PMCID: PMC5767610 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.11.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the frequency of the growth hormone receptor (GHR)-d3 polymorphism in a random sample of Saudi Arabian population from Jazan province, and test the effects of the polymorphism on some anthropometric factors. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted during the period from January to April 2017 at the College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Southwestern Saudi Arabia. A total of 230 healthy adult male and female volunteers were randomly recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood, and the GHR exon 3 locus was genotyped using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results: The distributions of the GHR genotypes were as follows: fl/fl (39.1%), fl/d3 (44.8%), and d3/d3 (16.1%). No statistically significant differences were found between fl/fl, fl/d3, or d3/d3 GHR genotypes in terms of weight (p=0.90), height (p=0.12), or body mass index (BMI) (p=0.83) values. Conclusion: No correlations were found between the GHR-d3 polymorphism and weight, height, or BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahia A Kaabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Costa AMG, Trevizan M, Matsumoto MAN, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, Horta KC, Romano FL, Nelson-Filho P, Küchler EC. Association between Tooth Agenesis and Skeletal Malocclusions. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2017; 8:e3. [PMID: 28791079 PMCID: PMC5541988 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2017.8203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between tooth agenesis and skeletal malocclusions in Brazilian non-syndromic orthodontic patients. Material and Methods Pretreatment orthodontic records of 348 patients of both genders and with various skeletal malocclusions were examined. Tooth agenesis was evaluated in panoramic radiographs. Angular measurements were taken from lateral cephalometric radiographs to classify the patient’s malocclusion as skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III. Subjects were divided into 2 groups, “with tooth agenesis” and “without tooth agenesis”. Chi-square or Fisher exact test was used to compare categorical data. ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test was used for means comparisons. An alpha of 5% was established. Results From 348 analysed patients, 28 presented tooth agenesis. There was no difference between genders (P = 0.27) nor mean age (P = 0.16). The most prevalent skeletal malocclusion was Class I (63.11%), followed by Class II (25.94%), and Class III (10.95%). The mean of congenitally missing teeth was 1.3 (SD 0.13). Thirteen subjects had premolar agenesis, 13 upper lateral incisor agenesis, 4 lower incisor agenesis and 2 molars agenesis. The group with tooth agenesis presented A point-nasion-B point (ANB) angle smaller (1.66 [SD 2.52]) than the group without tooth agenesis (2.86 [SD 2.49]) (P = 0.01). ANB angle had a negative correlation with the number of congenitally missing teeth (P = 0.039; r = -0.39). Conclusions Tooth agenesis is associated with a smaller A point-nasion-B point angle and is negatively correlated with the number of congenitally missing teeth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Guerra Costa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Mariana Trevizan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Karla Carpio Horta
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Fabio Lourenço Romano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, USP - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São PauloBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Genetic polymorphisms underlying the skeletal Class III phenotype. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:700-707. [PMID: 28364893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our goal was to verify the association between candidate polymorphisms and skeletal Class III malocclusion in a well-characterized homogeneous sample set. METHODS Thirty-five single-nucleotide polymorphisms were studied from 10 candidate loci in 54 Class III subjects and 120 controls. Skeletal Class III characteristics included ANB angle less than 0°, SNB angle greater than 83° (mandibular prognathism), SNA angle less than 79° (maxillary deficiency), Class III molar relationship, and negative overjet. Inclusion criteria for the controls were ANB angle between 0° and 4°, Class I molar relationship, and normal overjet. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests and principal component (PC) analysis were used to determine overrepresentation of marker alleles with alpha of 0.05. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS MYO1H (rs10850110 A<G) (P <0.01; odds ratio, 7.44 [4.02-13.77]) was associated with an increased risk for the mandibular prognathism phenotype. These results were confirmed by PC analysis, which showed 4 PCs representing the sample variations (PC1, 37.24%; PC2, 20.02%; PC3, 12.18%; and PC4, 11.40%), and PC1 was associated with MYO1H (P <0.001). We also found by PC analysis associations between MYO1H (P <0.001) and GHR (rs2973015 A>G) (P = 0.001) with PC2 and between FGF10 (rs593307 A<G) (P = 0.001) with PC4. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphism in MYO1H could be used as a marker for genetic susceptibility to Class III malocclusion with mandibular prognathism, and polymorphisms in GHR and FGF were associated with maxillomandibular discrepancies. This study may contribute to improved diagnosis and further research assessing possible differences in treatment responses based on genetic polymorphisms.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hujoel P, Bollen AM, Yuen K, Hujoel I. Phenotypic characteristics of adolescents with concave and convex facial profiles – The National Health Examination Survey. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2016; 67:417-432. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
23
|
Shaffer JR, Orlova E, Lee MK, Leslie EJ, Raffensperger ZD, Heike CL, Cunningham ML, Hecht JT, Kau CH, Nidey NL, Moreno LM, Wehby GL, Murray JC, Laurie CA, Laurie CC, Cole J, Ferrara T, Santorico S, Klein O, Mio W, Feingold E, Hallgrimsson B, Spritz RA, Marazita ML, Weinberg SM. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Multiple Loci Influencing Normal Human Facial Morphology. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006149. [PMID: 27560520 PMCID: PMC4999139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous lines of evidence point to a genetic basis for facial morphology in humans, yet little is known about how specific genetic variants relate to the phenotypic expression of many common facial features. We conducted genome-wide association meta-analyses of 20 quantitative facial measurements derived from the 3D surface images of 3118 healthy individuals of European ancestry belonging to two US cohorts. Analyses were performed on just under one million genotyped SNPs (Illumina OmniExpress+Exome v1.2 array) imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel (Phase 3). We observed genome-wide significant associations (p < 5 x 10−8) for cranial base width at 14q21.1 and 20q12, intercanthal width at 1p13.3 and Xq13.2, nasal width at 20p11.22, nasal ala length at 14q11.2, and upper facial depth at 11q22.1. Several genes in the associated regions are known to play roles in craniofacial development or in syndromes affecting the face: MAFB, PAX9, MIPOL1, ALX3, HDAC8, and PAX1. We also tested genotype-phenotype associations reported in two previous genome-wide studies and found evidence of replication for nasal ala length and SNPs in CACNA2D3 and PRDM16. These results provide further evidence that common variants in regions harboring genes of known craniofacial function contribute to normal variation in human facial features. Improved understanding of the genes associated with facial morphology in healthy individuals can provide insights into the pathways and mechanisms controlling normal and abnormal facial morphogenesis. There is a great deal of evidence that genes influence facial appearance. This is perhaps most apparent when we look at our own families, since we are more likely to share facial features in common with our close relatives than with unrelated individuals. Nevertheless, little is known about how variation in specific regions of the genome relates to the kinds of distinguishing facial characteristics that give us our unique identities, e.g., the size and shape of our nose or how far apart our eyes are spaced. In this paper, we investigate this question by examining the association between genetic variants across the whole genome and a set of measurements designed to capture key aspects of facial form. We found evidence of genetic associations involving measures of eye, nose, and facial breadth. In several cases, implicated regions contained genes known to play roles in embryonic face formation or in syndromes in which the face is affected. Our ability to connect specific genetic variants to ubiquitous facial traits can inform our understanding of normal and abnormal craniofacial development, provide potential predictive models of evolutionary changes in human facial features, and improve our ability to create forensic facial reconstructions from DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina Orlova
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Leslie
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zachary D. Raffensperger
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carrie L. Heike
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Craniofacial Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Craniofacial Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas McGovern Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chung How Kau
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nichole L. Nidey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Lina M. Moreno
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Dows Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - George L. Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Cecelia A. Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Cathy C. Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joanne Cole
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tracey Ferrara
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Santorico
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ophir Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Washington Mio
- Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard A. Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nakawaki T, Yamaguchi T, Isa M, Kawaguchi A, Tomita D, Hikita Y, Suzuki-Tomoyasu Y, Adel M, Ishida H, Maki K, Kimura R. Growth hormone receptor gene variant and three-dimensional mandibular morphology. Angle Orthod 2016; 87:68-73. [PMID: 27459630 DOI: 10.2319/02316-154.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between three-dimensional mandibular morphology and growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene variants in a healthy Japanese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects, who were unrelated Japanese orthodontic patients, consisted of 64 men and 114 women. Using the Taqman genotyping assay, GHR gene rs6184 and rs6180 variants were detected in genomic DNA extracted from saliva. Mandibular volume and length were measured from cone-beam computed tomography images that were analyzed using Analyze image-processing software. The relationship between GHR gene variants and three-dimensional mandibular morphology was statistically examined. RESULTS Statistical significance for the relationship between the distance between the left and right coronoid processes and rs6180 was noted (P < .05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the GHR variant rs6180 is associated with the distance between the left and right coronoid process in the Japanese subjects.
Collapse
|
25
|
Nowrin SA, Basri R, Alam MK, Yusa T, Nakano J, Jaafar S, Mokhtar KIB, Osuga N. Craniofacial Morphology of Class III Malocclusion with DUSP6 Gene: Mutation and Non-Mutation Groups. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.25.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shifat A Nowrin
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia
| | - Rehana Basri
- Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia
| | | | - Tatsunori Yusa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry
| | - Junzaburo Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry
| | - Saidi Jaafar
- Molecular Biology, School of Dental Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia
| | | | - Naoto Osuga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Park HY, Hwang IR, Seo JB, Kim SW, Seo HA, Lee IK, Kim JG. Association between the Growth Hormone Receptor Exon 3 Polymorphism and Metabolic Factors in Korean Patients with Acromegaly. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:312-7. [PMID: 25559716 PMCID: PMC4595356 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.3.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between the frequency of growth hormone receptor (GHR) exon 3 polymorphism (exon 3 deletion; d3-GHR) and metabolic factors in patients with acromegaly in Korea. METHODS DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 30 unrelated patients with acromegaly. GHR genotypes were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and correlated with demographic data and laboratory parameters. RESULTS No patient had the d3/d3 genotype, while four (13.3%) had the d3/fl genotype, and 26 (86.7%) had the fl/fl genotype. Body mass index (BMI) in patients with the d3/fl genotype was significantly higher than in those with the fl/fl genotype (P=0.001). Age, gender, blood pressure, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed no significant differences between the two genotypes. CONCLUSION The d3-GHR polymorphism may be associated with high BMI but not with other demographic characteristics or laboratory parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Ryang Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Bum Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Su Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Kyungwon University, Gumi, Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Guk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Litsas G. Growth Hormone and Craniofacial Tissues. An update. Open Dent J 2015; 9:1-8. [PMID: 25674165 PMCID: PMC4319194 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601509010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone is an important regulator of bone homeostasis. In childhood, it determines the longitudinal bone growth, skeletal maturation, and acquisition of bone mass. In adulthood, it is necessary to maintain bone mass throughout life. Although an association between craniofacial and somatic development has been clearly established, craniofacial growth involves complex interactions of genes, hormones and environment. Moreover, as an anabolic hormone seems to have an important role in the regulation of bone remodeling, muscle enhancement and tooth development. In this paper the influence of growth hormone on oral tissues is reviewed.
Collapse
|
28
|
Martins CS, Fernandes-Rosa FL, Espineira AR, de Souza RM, de Castro M, Barbieri MA, Bettiol H, Jorge AL, Antonini SR. The growth hormone receptor exon 3 polymorphism is not associated with height or metabolic traits in healthy young adults. Growth Horm IGF Res 2014; 24:123-129. [PMID: 24893921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The GHR polymorphisms contribution to the interindividual variability in prenatal and postnatal growth as well as to metabolic traits is controversial. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyze the association of the GHRfl/d3 polymorphism with prenatal and postnatal growth and metabolic outcomes in adult life and to compare the genotype distribution in different populations. DESIGN 385 community healthy subjects followed from birth to adult life (23-25years old) were grouped according to birth size: small-SGA (n=130, 62 males), appropriate-AGA (n=162, 75 males) and large for gestational age-LGA (n=93, 48 males). GHRfl/d3 genotype distribution and its potential association with anthropometric (at birth, childhood and adult life) and metabolic features (in adult life) were analyzed and compared with data obtained from a systematic review of GHRfl/d3 association studies (31 articles). RESULTS The frequency of the GHR d3/d3 genotype was lower in the LGA (χ2 p=0.01); SGA and AGA subjects exhibited an increased chance of the d3/d3 genotype (OR=3.58; 95%CI: 1.55; 8.24) and (OR=2.39; 95%CI: 1.02; 5.62), respectively. Despite the different prevalence among different birth size groups, in adults, GHRfl/d3 genotype was not associated with height, plasma IGF1 levels or metabolic phenotype and cardiovascular risk. GHRfl/d3 genotype distributions in AGA, SGA and LGA groups were comparable with those found in subjects of European origin but not with those of Asian ancestry. CONCLUSIONS The GHRd3 genotype was negatively associated with birth size but it was not associated with adult height or weight, plasma IGF1, metabolic phenotype or any marker of increased cardiovascular risk in young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa S Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio L Fernandes-Rosa
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aniette R Espineira
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Molina de Souza
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A Barbieri
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Bettiol
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander L Jorge
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonir R Antonini
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Statistical Analysis Using the OMENS Classification in Oriental Patients With Hemifacial Microsomia. Ann Plast Surg 2014; 72:50-5. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e3182586c02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
30
|
Influence of modified Furlow double opposing Z-plasty on mandibular growth in Oriental patients with cleft palate and/or lip. Ann Plast Surg 2014; 73:311-4. [PMID: 24374402 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e31827aeb6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to statistically analyze mandibular growth disturbance in the Oriental cleft population and compare this with that of non-cleft children through cephalometric analysis. Thirty-six children with cleft palates, repaired using a modification of Furlow double opposing Z-plasty, were chosen. Comparative analyses among 3 types of cleft were performed. Statistical analyses of 8 linear and angular measurements were performed in cleft patients and the non-cleft population using Fisher Z-transformation. Comparative analysis showed no significant difference among the 3 types of cleft. In the Oriental cleft group treated with modified double opposing Z-plasty, the spatial position of the mandible showed significant differences compared with the non-cleft group. A backward inclination of the anterior surface of the mandible and downward rotation of the mandibular body were identified. Some of our results regarding gonial angle and length of the mandibular body conflicted with previous Western studies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Peng S, Tan J, Hu S, Zhou H, Guo J, Jin L, Tang K. Detecting genetic association of common human facial morphological variation using high density 3D image registration. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003375. [PMID: 24339768 PMCID: PMC3854494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human facial morphology is a combination of many complex traits. Little is known about the genetic basis of common facial morphological variation. Existing association studies have largely used simple landmark-distances as surrogates for the complex morphological phenotypes of the face. However, this can result in decreased statistical power and unclear inference of shape changes. In this study, we applied a new image registration approach that automatically identified the salient landmarks and aligned the sample faces using high density pixel points. Based on this high density registration, three different phenotype data schemes were used to test the association between the common facial morphological variation and 10 candidate SNPs, and their performances were compared. The first scheme used traditional landmark-distances; the second relied on the geometric analysis of 15 landmarks and the third used geometric analysis of a dense registration of ∼30,000 3D points. We found that the two geometric approaches were highly consistent in their detection of morphological changes. The geometric method using dense registration further demonstrated superiority in the fine inference of shape changes and 3D face modeling. Several candidate SNPs showed potential associations with different facial features. In particular, one SNP, a known risk factor of non-syndromic cleft lips/palates, rs642961 in the IRF6 gene, was validated to strongly predict normal lip shape variation in female Han Chinese. This study further demonstrated that dense face registration may substantially improve the detection and characterization of genetic association in common facial variation. Heritability of human facial appearance is an intriguing question to the general public and researchers. Although it is known that some facial features are highly heritable, the exact genetic basis is unknown. Previous studies used simple linear measurements such as landmark distances, to evaluate the facial shape variation. Such approaches, although easy to carry out, may lack statistical power and miss complex morphological changes. In this study, we utilized a new 3D face registration method that enables subtle differences to be detected at high resolution 3D images. Based on this, we tried to test and characterize the associations of 10 candidate genetic variants to common facial morphological variations. Different types of phenotype data were extracted and compared in the association tests. Our results show that geometry based data performed better than simple distance based data. Furthermore, high density geometric data outstood the others in capturing small shape changes and modeling the 3D face visualization. Interestingly, a genetic variant from IRF6 gene, which is also a well-known risk factor of non-syndrome cleft lip, was found to strongly predispose the mouth shape in Han Chinese females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouneng Peng
- Human Functional Genetic Variation Group, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingze Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sile Hu
- Human Functional Genetic Variation Group, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Human Functional Genetic Variation Group, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Human Functional Genetic Variation Group, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- Human Functional Genetic Variation Group, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Tang
- Human Functional Genetic Variation Group, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pan CY, Lan TH, Chou ST, Tseng YC, Chang JZC, Chang HP. Orthodontic treatment for a mandibular prognathic girl of short stature under growth hormone therapy. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 112:801-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 05/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
33
|
Ko JM, Suh YJ, Hong J, Paeng JY, Baek SH, Kim YH. Segregation analysis of mandibular prognathism in Korean orthognathic surgery patients and their families. Angle Orthod 2013; 83:1027-35. [PMID: 23663169 DOI: 10.2319/021313-130.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective:
To investigate the existence of genetic influences on the incidence of mandibular prognathism (MP) in Korean Class III patients.
Materials and Methods:
The probands consisted of 100 Class III patients with MP (51 men and 49 women; mean age, 22.1 ± 5.2 years; SNA, 81.2° ± 3.2°; SNB, 84.1° ± 3.9°) who underwent orthognathic surgery. Using three-generation pedigree charts, questionnaires, and clinical examinations, general information and information regarding MP for a total of 3777 relatives of the probands (1911 men and 1866 women) was ascertained. Familial correlations of MP between possible pairs in the pedigree were estimated. Heritability (h2) of MP under various models was estimated. Segregation analysis was conducted under the assumption of the nonpolygenic multivariate logistic model and finite polygenic mixed model. One-, two-, and three-susceptibility-type models were evaluated.
Results:
Among 3777 relatives, 199 (97 men and 102 women) were affected with MP (5.3%). Correlation coefficients of MP incidence in full siblings and in parent-offspring were .2003 and .2036, respectively (all P < .001). The h2 of MP was estimated as 21.5% after adjusting for sex and founder effects. Two- and three–susceptibility-type models showed that the general model fit better than the other models. MP incidence did not have a major gene transmission model and was influenced by numerous minor effect genes and their additive effects.
Conclusion:
These results suggest that the inherited susceptibility to MP in Korean Class III patients might be due to the summation of minor effects from a variety of different genes and/or influence of environmental factors, rather than Mendelian transmission of major genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Ko
- a Resident, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
He S, Hartsfield JK, Guo Y, Cao Y, Wang S, Chen S. Association between CYP19A1 genotype and pubertal sagittal jaw growth. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 142:662-70. [PMID: 23116507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sagittal jaw growth is influenced during puberty by a ratio of androgens and estrogens. The CYP19A1 (formerly CYP19) gene encodes the cytochrome P450 enzyme aromatase (estrogen synthetase), which converts testosterone to estrogen. Genetic variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms might regulate CYP19A1 gene expression or the function of the aromatase protein and thus influence sagittal jaw growth. METHODS The annual sagittal jaw growth in 92 pubertal orthodontic patients was determined by using pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2470144 and rs2445761 were genotyped and haplotypes constructed. Associations between genotypes or haplotypes and the annual sagittal growth were estimated by using JMP (version 9.0; SAS Institute, Cary, NC). RESULTS Two single nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with average differences in annual sagittal jaw growth in boys. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that haplotypes T(rs2470144)T(rs2445761) and C(rs2470144)T(rs2445761) had significant effects on annual sagittal maxillary growth and on mandibular growth in boys. No association was found in girls. CONCLUSIONS A quantitative trait locus that influences male pubertal sagittal jaw growth might exist in the CYP19A1 gene, and single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2470144 and rs2445761 might be inside this quantitative trait locus or be linked to it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shushu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Litsas G. Growth hormone therapy and craniofacial bones: a comprehensive review. Oral Dis 2012; 19:559-67. [PMID: 23279133 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) has significant effects on linear bone growth, bone mass and bone metabolism. The primary role of GH supplementation in children with GH deficiency, those born small for gestational age or with other types of disorders in somatic development is to increase linear growth. However, GH therapy seems to elicit varying responses in the craniofacial region. Whereas the effects of GH administration on somatic development are well documented, comparatively little is known of its effects on the craniofacial region. The purpose of this review was to search the literature and compile results from both animal and human studies related to the impact of GH on craniofacial growth.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tassopoulou-Fishell M, Deeley K, Harvey EM, Sciote J, Vieira AR. Genetic variation in myosin 1H contributes to mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012; 141:51-9. [PMID: 22196185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several candidate loci have been suggested as influencing mandibular prognathism (1p22.1, 1p22.2, 1p36, 3q26.2, 5p13-p12, 6q25, 11q22.2-q22.3, 12q23, 12q13.13, and 19p13.2). The goal of this study was to replicate these results in a well-characterized homogeneous sample set. METHODS Thirty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms spanning all candidate regions were studied in 44 prognathic and 35 Class I subjects from the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine Dental Registry and DNA Repository. The 44 subjects with mandibular prognathism had an average age of 18.4 years; 31 were female and 13 male; and 24 were white, 15 African American, 2 Hispanic, and 3 Asian. The 36 Class I subjects had an average age of 17.6 years; 27 were female and 9 male; and 27 were white, 6 African American, 1 Hispanic, and 2 Asian. Skeletal mandibular prognathism diagnosis included cephalometric values indicative of Class III such as an ANB smaller than 2°, a negative Wits appraisal, and a positive A-B plane. Additional mandibular prognathism criteria included negative overjet and visually prognathic (concave) profile as determined by the subject's clinical evaluation. Orthognathic subjects without jaw deformations were used as the comparison group. The mandibular prognathic and orthognathic subjects were matched by race, sex, and age. Genetic markers were tested by polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan chemistry. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to determine overrepresentation of marker allele with an alpha of 0.05. RESULTS An association was unveiled between a marker in MYO1H (rs10850110) and the mandibular prognathism phenotype (P = 0.03). MYO1H is a Class I myosin that is in a different protein group than the myosin isoforms of muscle sarcomeres, which are the basis of skeletal muscle fiber typing. Class I myosins are necessary for cell motility, phagocytosis, and vesicle transport. CONCLUSIONS More strict clinical definitions might increase homogeneity and aid the studies of genetic susceptibility to malocclusions. We provide evidence that MYO1H can contribute to mandibular prognathism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tassopoulou-Fishell
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Butura CC, Galindo DF, Cottam J, Adams M, Jensen O. Hourglass Mandibular Anatomic Variant Incidence and Treatment Considerations for All-On-Four Implant Therapy: Report of 10 Cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 69:2135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
38
|
Mong JLY, Ng MCY, Guldan GS, Tam CHT, Lee HM, Ma RCW, So WY, Wong GWK, Kong APS, Chan JCN, Waye MMY. Associations of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene polymorphisms with adiposity and IGF-I activity in adolescents. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010; 73:313-22. [PMID: 20105189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the genetic effect of the GH receptor (GHR) on obesity and related metabolic parameters in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. CONTEXT Obesity is a growing global epidemic. Increasing evidence suggests that the GH-IGF-I axis plays an important role in regulating adiposity and insulin sensitivity. DESIGN We examined the associations of genetic variants of GHR with serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels as well as obesity-related metabolic traits in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. PATIENTS Nine hundred and eighty-one randomly selected Hong Kong Chinese adolescents from 14 schools. MEASUREMENTS We genotyped 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at GHR and measured serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels as well as obesity-related metabolic traits including fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipid levels. RESULTS There were significant associations between rs4410646 and the body composition (P = 0.0044) and blood pressure factor scores (P = 0.00017). Carriers of the CC genotype had lower body mass index, percentage body fat, waist and hip circumferences than AC and AA genotype carriers (P = 0.00030-0.0094). There was also association between rs7703713 and the IGF-I activity factor score (P = 0.0033). The GA and AA carriers of rs7703713 had higher serum IGF-I, higher serum IGFBP-3 and higher IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio (P = 0.00069-0.025). Haplotype analysis did not increase the significance of associations. CONCLUSION Our results support the role of GHR gene polymorphisms in modulating adiposity and IGF-I activity in adolescents. Examination of interactions of these SNPs with lifestyle, environmental and perinatal factors may provide further insights into their long-term effects on obesity and metabolic risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice L Y Mong
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, CHINA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|