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Yoshimoto S, Yada N, Ishikawa A, Kawano K, Matsuo K, Hiraki A, Okamura K. TGF-β3 from fibroblasts promotes necrotising sialometaplasia by suppressing salivary gland cell proliferation and inducing squamous metaplasia. J Pathol 2024; 263:338-346. [PMID: 38594209 DOI: 10.1002/path.6287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Necrotising sialometaplasia (NSM) is a non-neoplastic lesion mainly arising in the minor salivary glands of the oral cavity. In the clinical features, NSM shows swelling with or without ulceration, and can mimic a malignant disease such as squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathologically, NSM usually shows the lobular architecture that is observed in the salivary glands. Additionally, acinar infarction and squamous metaplasia of salivary ducts and acini are observable. The aetiology of this lesion remains unknown, although it has a characteristic feature that sometimes requires clinical and histopathological differentiation from malignancy. In this study, we investigated upregulated genes in NSM compared with normal salivary glands, and focused on the TGF-β3 (TGFB3) gene. The results of the histopathological studies clarified that fibroblasts surrounding the lesion express TGF-β3. Moreover, in vitro studies using mouse salivary gland organoids revealed that TGF-β3 suppressed salivary gland cell proliferation and induced squamous metaplasia. We demonstrated a possible aetiology of NSM by concluding that increased TGF-β3 expression during wound healing or tissue regeneration played a critical role in cell proliferation and metaplasia. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yoshimoto
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naomi Yada
- Department of Health Promotion, Division of Oral Pathology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Kawano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kou Matsuo
- Department of Health Promotion, Division of Oral Pathology, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Hiraki
- Section of Oral Oncology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral and Medical Management, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Okamura
- Section of Pathology, Department of Morphological Biology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Rose SC, Larsen M, Xie Y, Sharfstein ST. Salivary Gland Bioengineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 11:28. [PMID: 38247905 PMCID: PMC10813147 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland dysfunction affects millions globally, and tissue engineering may provide a promising therapeutic avenue. This review delves into the current state of salivary gland tissue engineering research, starting with a study of normal salivary gland development and function. It discusses the impact of fibrosis and cellular senescence on salivary gland pathologies. A diverse range of cells suitable for tissue engineering including cell lines, primary salivary gland cells, and stem cells are examined. Moreover, the paper explores various supportive biomaterials and scaffold fabrication methodologies that enhance salivary gland cell survival, differentiation, and engraftment. Innovative engineering strategies for the improvement of vascularization, innervation, and engraftment of engineered salivary gland tissue, including bioprinting, microfluidic hydrogels, mesh electronics, and nanoparticles, are also evaluated. This review underscores the promising potential of this research field for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction and suggests directions for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Rose
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences and The RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, USA;
| | - Yubing Xie
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
| | - Susan T. Sharfstein
- Department of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, College of Nanotechnology, Science, and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA (Y.X.)
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Link K, Shved N, Serrano N, Akgül G, Caelers A, Faass O, Mouttet F, Raabe O, D’Cotta H, Baroiller JF, Eppler E. Effects of seawater and freshwater challenges on the Gh/Igf system in the saline-tolerant blackchin tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:976488. [PMID: 36313755 PMCID: PMC9596810 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.976488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (Prl) and growth hormone (Gh) as well as insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) are involved in the physiological adaptation of fish to varying salinities. The Igfs have been also ascribed other physiological roles during development, growth, reproduction and immune regulation. However, the main emphasis in the investigation of osmoregulatory responses has been the endocrine, liver-derived Igf1 route and local regulation within the liver and osmoregulatory organs. Few studies have focused on the impact of salinity alterations on the Gh/Igf-system within the neuroendocrine and immune systems and particularly in a salinity-tolerant species, such as the blackchin tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron. This species is tolerant to hypersalinity and saline variations, but it is confronted by severe climate changes in the Saloum inverse estuary. Here we investigated bidirectional effects of increased salinity followed by its decrease on the gene regulation of prl, gh, igf1, igf2, Gh receptor and the tumor-necrosis factor a. A mixed population of sexually mature 14-month old blackchin tilapia adapted to freshwater were first exposed to seawater for one week and then to fresh water for another week. Brain, pituitary, head kidney and spleen were excised at 4 h, 1, 2, 3 and 7 days after both exposures and revealed differential expression patterns. This investigation should give us a better understanding of the role of the Gh/Igf system within the neuroendocrine and immune organs and the impact of bidirectional saline challenges on fish osmoregulation in non-osmoregulatory organs, notably the complex orchestration of growth factors and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Link
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine IEM, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natallia Shved
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine IEM, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Serrano
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine IEM, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gülfirde Akgül
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine IEM, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antje Caelers
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Faass
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Oksana Raabe
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helena D’Cotta
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Université Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development) (IRD), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (Practical School of Advanced Studies) (EPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (French National Centre for Scientific Research) (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (Mixed Research Unit) (UMR) 5554, Montpellier, France
- UMR116-Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Baroiller
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Université Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development) (IRD), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (Practical School of Advanced Studies) (EPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (French National Centre for Scientific Research) (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (Mixed Research Unit) (UMR) 5554, Montpellier, France
- UMR116-Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisabeth Eppler
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine IEM, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Elisabeth Eppler,
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Okabayashi K, Nakamura M, Narita T. Cdc42 activates paracellular transport in polarised submandibular gland cells. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 132:105276. [PMID: 34634536 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The physiological expression of cell division cycle 42 (cdc42) in major salivary glands, and paracellular transport of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran) in SMIE cells, which regulate cdc42 expression, was investigated to clarify the involvement of cdc42 in salivary production. DESIGN The physiological expression of cdc42 in the rat submandibular gland, parotid gland, sublingual gland, and SMIE cells was detected using SDS-PAGE and western blotting. The paracellular transport of FITC-dextran in transwells was compared in transfected SMIE cells, exhibiting up- or downregulated cdc42 expression. RESULTS Cdc42 was expressed in all major salivary glands and SMIE cells. SMIE cells transfected with the cdc42 plasmid had an increase efflux. In addition, SMIE cells transfected with the cdc42 siRNA showed decreased efflux. CONCLUSION We suggest that cdc42 enhances paracellular transport in salivary glands without any morphological changes, including cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okabayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mari Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Narita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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+3179G/A Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Polymorphism: A Novel Susceptibility Contributor in Anti-Ro/SSA Positive Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome: Potential Clinical and Pathogenetic Implications. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173960. [PMID: 34501407 PMCID: PMC8432056 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alterations of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway along with genetic variations of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) gene have been linked to the development of systemic autoimmunity, possibly through apoptosis induction. This study aims to investigate whether genetic variations of the IGF1R contribute to Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) pathogenesis and explores potential functional implications. Methods: DNA extracted from whole peripheral blood derived from 277 primary SS patients, complicated or not by lymphoma, and 337 Healthy controls (HC) was genotyped for the rs2229765 IGF1R polymorphism using the RFLP-PCR assay. Gene expression of IGF1R and IGF1 isoforms, caspases 1, 4, and 5, and inflammasome components NLRP3, ASC, IL1β, IL18, IL33, IGFBP3, and IGFBP6 were quantitated by RT-PCR in total RNA extracted from minor salivary gland biopsies (MSGs) of 50 SS patients and 13 sicca controls (SCs). In addition, IGF1R immunohistochemical (IHC) expression was assessed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded MSG tissue sections derived from 10 SS patients and 5 SCs. Results: The prevalence of the A/A genotype of the rs2229765 IGF1R polymorphism was significantly higher in the anti-Ro/SSA positive SS population compared to healthy controls (24.8% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.001). Moreover, IGF1Rs at both mRNA and protein levels were reduced in SS-derived MSGs compared to SCs and were negatively associated with caspase 1 transcripts. The latter were positively correlated with NLRP3, ASC, and IL1β at the salivary gland tissue level. IGF1R expression in peripheral blood was negatively correlated with ESR and IgG serum levels and positively correlated with urine-specific gravity values. Conclusions: The rs2229765 IGF1R variant confers increased susceptibility for seropositive primary SS. Dampened IGF1R mRNA and protein expression in salivary gland tissues could be related to increased apoptosis and subsequently to the activation of inflammasome pathways.
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Eskandari M, Mellati AA. Liver X Receptor as a Possible Drug Target for Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 12:466-475. [PMID: 35935038 PMCID: PMC9348539 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: blood-brain barrier (BBB) is made of specialized cells that are responsible for the selective passage of substances directed to the brain. The integrated BBB is essential for precise controlling of the different substances passage as well as protecting the brain from various damages. In this article, we attempted to explain the role of liver X receptor (LXR) in maintaining BBB integrity as a possible drug target.
Methods: In this study, various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using the following keywords: blood-brain barrier, BBB, liver X receptor, and LXR until July, 2020. Additionally, contents close to the subject of our study were surveyed.
Results: LXR is a receptor the roles of which in various diseases have been investigated. LXR can affect maintaining BBB by affecting various ways such as ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), tight junction molecules, both signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), Wnt/β-catenin Signaling, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, and expressions of Smad 2/3 and Snail.
Conclusion: LXR could possibly be used either as a target for drug delivery to brain tissue or as a target for maintaining the BBB integrity in different diseases; thereby the drug will be conducted to tissues, other than the brain. If it is verified that only LXRα is necessary for protecting BBB, some specific LXRα ligands must be found and then used in medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Eskandari
- Medical school, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Awsat Mellati
- Zanjan Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Piraino LR, Benoit DSW, DeLouise LA. Salivary Gland Tissue Engineering Approaches: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cells 2021; 10:1723. [PMID: 34359893 PMCID: PMC8303463 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland regeneration is important for developing treatments for radiation-induced xerostomia, Sjögren's syndrome, and other conditions that cause dry mouth. Culture conditions adopted from tissue engineering strategies have been used to recapitulate gland structure and function to study and regenerate the salivary glands. The purpose of this review is to highlight current trends in the field, with an emphasis on soluble factors that have been shown to improve secretory function in vitro. A PubMed search was conducted to identify articles published in the last 10 years and articles were evaluated to identify the most promising approaches and areas for further research. Results showed increasing use of extracellular matrix mimetics, such as Matrigel®, collagen, and a variety of functionalized polymers. Soluble factors that provide supportive cues, including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and neurotrophic factors, as well as chemical inhibitors of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFβR) have shown increases in important markers including aquaporin 5 (Aqp5); muscle, intestine, and stomach expression 1 (Mist1); and keratin (K5). However, recapitulation of tissue function at in vivo levels is still elusive. A focus on identification of soluble factors, cells, and/or matrix cues tested in combination may further increase the maintenance of salivary gland secretory function in vitro. These approaches may also be amenable for translation in vivo to support successful regeneration of dysfunctional glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R. Piraino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Lisa A. DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; (L.R.P.); (D.S.W.B.)
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Wang A, Chao T, Ji Z, Xuan R, Liu S, Guo M, Wang G, Wang J. Transcriptome analysis reveals potential immune function-related regulatory genes/pathways of female Lubo goat submandibular glands at different developmental stages. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9947. [PMID: 33083113 PMCID: PMC7547598 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The submandibular glands, as major salivary glands, participate in rumen digestion in goats. Sialic acid, lysozyme, immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin and other biologically active substances secreted in the submandibular glands were reported in succession, which suggests that the submandibular gland may have immune functions in addition to participating in digestion. The aim of this study was to map the expression profile of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at three different stages by transcriptome sequencing, screen immune-related genes and pathways by bioinformatics methods, and predict the immune function of submandibular glands at different developmental stages. Methods Nine submandibular gland tissue samples were collected from groups of 1-month-old kids, 12-month-old adolescent goats and 24-month-old adult goats (3 samples from each group), and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing was conducted on these samples. The DEGs among the three stages were screened and analysed. Key genes and signalling pathways were selected via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Results The results revealed 2,706, 2,525 and 52 DEGs between 1-month-old and 12-month-old goats, between 1-month-old and 24-month-old goats, and between 12-month-old and 24-month-old goats, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that most of the DEGs were enriched in immune- related GO terms and pathways. Based on functional enrichment analysis and network analysis, 10 genes (PTPRC, CD28, SELL, LCP2, MYC, LCK, ZAP70, ITGB2, SYK and CCR7), two signalling pathways (the T cell receptor signalling pathway and the NF-κβ signalling pathway) and eight GO terms (T cell receptor signalling pathway, neutrophil mediated immunity, B cell mediated immunity, regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation, positive regulation of T cell proliferation, regulation of leukocyte differentiation, positive regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signalling pathway, positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation) that may play key roles in the immune functions of the goat submandibular glands at different developmental stages were identified. Moreover, we found that eight antibacterial peptide-encoding genes were downregulated in the tuberculosis and salivary secretion pathways, while all immunoglobulins were upregulated in 10 immune system pathways. These findings indicate that the submandibular glands may be important immunological organs during the growth process of goats and that the immune function of these glands gradually weakens with age up to 12 months but remains relatively stable after 12 months of age. Overall, this study will improve our understanding of transcriptional regulation related to goat submandibular gland immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Tianle Chao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Ji
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Maosen Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Guizhi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, P.R. China
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An In Vitro Barrier Model of the Human Submandibular Salivary Gland Epithelium Based on a Single Cell Clone of Cell Line HTB-41: Establishment and Application for Biomarker Transport Studies. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090302. [PMID: 32842479 PMCID: PMC7555419 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood–saliva barrier (BSB) consists of the sum of the epithelial cell layers of the oral mucosa and salivary glands. In vitro models of the BSB are inevitable to investigate and understand the transport of salivary biomarkers from blood to saliva. Up to now, standardized, cell line-based models of the epithelium of the submandibular salivary gland are still missing for this purpose. Therefore, we established epithelial barrier models of the submandibular gland derived from human cell line HTB-41 (A-253). Single clone isolation resulted in five different clones (B2, B4, B9, D3, and F11). Clones were compared to the parental cell line HTB-41 using measurements of the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular marker permeability assays and analysis of marker expression for acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cells. Two clones (B9, D3) were characterized to be of acinar origin, one clone (F11) to be of myoepithelial origin and one isolation (B4) derived from two cells, to be presumably a mixture of acinar and ductal origin. Clone B2, presumably of ductal origin, showed a significantly higher paracellular barrier compared to other clones and parental HTB-41. The distinct molecular identity of clone B2 was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining, qPCR, and flow cytometry. Experiments with ferritin, a biomarker for iron storage, demonstrated the applicability of the selected model based on clone B2 for transport studies. In conclusion, five different clones originating from the submandibular gland cell line HTB-41 were successfully characterized and established as epithelial barrier models. Studies with the model based on the tightest clone B2 confirmed its suitability for transport studies in biomarker research.
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Bierbaumer L, Schwarze UY, Gruber R, Neuhaus W. Cell culture models of oral mucosal barriers: A review with a focus on applications, culture conditions and barrier properties. Tissue Barriers 2018; 6:1479568. [PMID: 30252599 PMCID: PMC6389128 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2018.1479568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the function of oral mucosal epithelial barriers is essential for a plethora of research fields such as tumor biology, inflammation and infection diseases, microbiomics, pharmacology, drug delivery, dental and biomarker research. The barrier properties are comprised by a physical, a transport and a metabolic barrier, and all these barrier components play pivotal roles in the communication between saliva and blood. The sum of all epithelia of the oral cavity and salivary glands is defined as the blood-saliva barrier. The functionality of the barrier is regulated by its microenvironment and often altered during diseases. A huge array of cell culture models have been developed to mimic specific parts of the blood-saliva barrier, but no ultimate standard in vitro models have been established. This review provides a comprehensive overview about developed in vitro models of oral mucosal barriers, their applications, various cultivation protocols and corresponding barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bierbaumer
- a Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH , Vienna , Austria
| | - Uwe Yacine Schwarze
- b Department of Oral Biology , School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,c Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Vienna , Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- b Department of Oral Biology , School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.,c Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration , Vienna , Austria.,d Department of Periodontology , School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- a Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH , Vienna , Austria
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Jian WX, Zhang Z, Chu SF, Peng Y, Chen NH. Potential roles of brain barrier dysfunctions in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:360-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gomez JP, Gonçalves C, Pichon C, Midoux P. Effect of IL-1β, TNF-α and IGF-1 on trans-endothelial passage of synthetic vectors through an in vitro vascular endothelial barrier of striated muscle. Gene Ther 2017; 24:416-424. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Liu S, Li Y, Deng B, Xu Z. Recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing porcine insulin-like growth factor I ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:25. [PMID: 26932768 PMCID: PMC4774141 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is one important family of growth factors, which plays key role in intestinal growth, regeneration, and damage repair. However, the low natural abundance of IGF-I limits its research opportunities and practical application in the fields of medicine and animal husbandry. In this study, a tandem repeat strategy was used to express three copies of the same pIGF-I3 protein in L. lactis. The activity of recombinant pIGF-I3 (rpIGF-I3) was further examined by a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In addition, the potential of recombinant L. lactis expressing pIGF-I3 to reduce inflammatory disease was evaluated. RESULTS pIGF-I3 could be expressed in L. lactis by the detection of SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Experimental colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by administration of 5 % DSS in drinking water, and the clinical symptoms were observed in DSS-treated mice. Oral administration of recombinant L. lactis expressing pIGF-I3 improved the colonic architecture, and significantly reduced the increase of colonic damage score (P < 0.05). Furthermore, recombinant L. lactis expressing pIGF-I3 treatment significantly reduced serum DAO activity and colonic MPO level, and elevated colonic occludin level compared to the DSS group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The pIGF-I3 expressed in L. lactis has good biological activity, and oral administration of recombinant L. lactis expressing pIGF-I3 attenuated the symptoms and development of DSS-induced colitis in mice. These suggested that L. lactis could be a potential host bacterium for production and delivery of IGF-I against intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yongming Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Bo Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 145 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Liang M, Woodard LE, Liang A, Luo J, Wilson MH, Mitch WE, Cheng J. Protective role of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in endothelial cells against unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1234-50. [PMID: 25783760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) can regulate vascular homeostasis and endothelial function. We studied the role of IGF-1R in oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed in wild-type (WT) mice and mice with endothelial cell (EC)-specific IGF-1R knockout (KO). After UUO in endothelial IGF-1R KO mice, endothelial barrier dysfunction was more severe than in WT mice, as seen by increased inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin phosphorylation. UUO in endothelial IGF-1R KO mice increased interstitial fibroblast accumulation and enhanced extracellular protein deposition as compared with the WT mice. Endothelial barrier function measured by transendothelial migration in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was impaired in ECs. Silencing IGF-1R enhanced the influence of H2O2 in disrupting the VE-protein tyrosine phosphatase/VE-cadherin interaction. Overexpression of IGF-1R suppressed H2O2-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, by using the piggyBac transposon system, we expressed IGF-1R in VE cells in mice. The expression of IGF-1R in ECs also suppressed the inflammatory cell infiltration and renal fibrosis induced by UUO. IGF-1R KO in the VE-cadherin lineage of bone marrow cells had no significant effect on the UUO-induced fibrosis, as compared with control mice. Our results indicate that IGF-1R in the endothelium maintains the endothelial barrier function by stabilization of the VE-protein tyrosine phosphatase/VE-cadherin complex. Decreased expression of IGF-1R impairs endothelial function and increases the fibrosis of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren E Woodard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, and Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anlin Liang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jinlong Luo
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew H Wilson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, and Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William E Mitch
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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15
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Blood brain barrier and neuroinflammation are critical targets of IGF-1-mediated neuroprotection in stroke for middle-aged female rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91427. [PMID: 24618563 PMCID: PMC3949985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-induced cerebral infarction is more severe in older animals as compared to younger animals, and is associated with reduced availability of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. This study determined the effect of post-stroke IGF-1 treatment, and used microRNA profiling to identify mechanisms underlying IGF-1’s neuroprotective actions. Post-stroke ICV administration of IGF-1 to middle-aged female rats reduced infarct volume by 39% when measured 24h later. MicroRNA analyses of ischemic tissue collected at the early post-stroke phase (4h) indicated that 8 out of 168 disease-related miRNA were significantly downregulated by IGF-1. KEGG pathway analysis implicated these miRNA in PI3K-Akt signaling, cell adhesion/ECM receptor pathways and T-and B-cell signaling. Specific components of these pathways were subsequently analyzed in vehicle and IGF-1 treated middle-aged females. Phospho-Akt was reduced by ischemia at 4h, but elevated by IGF-1 treatment at 24h. IGF-1 induced Akt activation was preceded by a reduction of blood brain barrier permeability at 4h post-stroke and global suppression of cytokines including IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α. A subset of these cytokines including IL-6 was also suppressed by IGF-1 at 24h post-stroke. These data are the first to show that the temporal and mechanistic components of post-stroke IGF-1 treatment in older animals, and that cellular components of the blood brain barrier may serve as critical targets of IGF-1 in the aging brain.
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Nelson J, Manzella K, Baker OJ. Current cell models for bioengineering a salivary gland: a mini-review of emerging technologies. Oral Dis 2012; 19:236-44. [PMID: 22805753 PMCID: PMC3477256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2012.01958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Saliva plays a major role in maintaining oral health. Patients afflicted with a decrease in saliva secretion (symptomatically, xerostomia) exhibit difficulty in chewing and swallowing foods, tooth decay, periodontal disease, and microbial infections. Despite recent improvements in treating xerostomia (e.g., saliva stimulants, saliva substitutes, and gene therapy), there is a need of more scientific advancements that can be clinically applied toward restoration of compromised salivary gland function. Here we provide a summary of the current salivary cell models that have been used to advance restorative treatments via development of an artificial salivary gland. These models represent initial steps toward clinical and translational research, to facilitate creation of clinically safe salivary glands. Further studies in salivary cell lines and primary cells are necessary to improve survival rates, cell differentiation, and secretory function. Additionally, the characterization of salivary progenitor and stem cell markers are necessary. Although these models are not fully characterized, their improvement may lead to the construction of an artificial salivary gland that is in high demand for improving the quality of life of many patients suffering from salivary secretory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nelson
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Mavragani CP, Fragoulis GE, Moutsopoulos HM. Endocrine alterations in primary Sjogren's syndrome: an overview. J Autoimmun 2012; 39:354-8. [PMID: 22695186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of several components of the endocrine system has been proposed as significant player in primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) pathogenesis and clinical expression. Hypoactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been previously demonstrated in patients with primary SS as a result either of a pituitary defect and/or of adrenal gland dysfunction. In support of the latter hypothesis, antibodies to 21-hydroxylase (OH)--a marker of autoimmune adrenal disease--have been detected in sera from approximately one fifth of primary SS patients, in association with B-cell activating cytokines and adrenal hyporesponsiveness. As a result of HPA hypofunction, adrenal androgens and particularly dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) have been reportedly low in primary SS individuals. Epithelial salivary gland cells undergo apoptosis in lack of both estrogens and active androgens. In the absence of a compensatory action of the latter, menopausal status can lead to salivary gland apoptotic process triggering an aberrant immune response. On the other hand, given that salivary gland tissue remodeling has been shown to be under androgenic control, the observed androgen deficiency in these patients might account for the observed alterations in the salivary gland architecture. Heightened serum and salivary gland tissue prolactin levels in primary SS patients have been also suggested as contributors in disease pathogenesis. Finally, autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) occurs quiet commonly in the setting of primary SS and subclinical hypothyroidism is the main functional abnormality observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Experimental Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Cong X, Zhang Y, Shi L, Yang NY, Ding C, Li J, Ding QW, Su YC, Xiang RL, Wu LL, Yu GY. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 increases expression and permeability of tight junction in normal and hyposecretory submandibular gland. J Transl Med 2012; 92:753-68. [PMID: 22391958 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) is an important structure that regulates material transport through the paracellular pathway across the epithelium, but its significance in salivary physiology and pathogenesis of salivary dysfunctional diseases is not fully understood. We previously demonstrated that a functional transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) expresses in submandibular gland (SMG). However, association of TRPV1-induced saliva secretion with TJ remains unknown. Here we explored the effect of TRPV1 activation on expression and function of TJ of rabbit SMG in vitro and in vivo. RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that capsaicin upregulated expression of zonula occludin-1 (ZO-1), claudin (Cldn)-3, and -11, but not Cldn-1, -2, -4, -5, and -7 in cultured SMG cells. Capsaicin also increased the entering of 4 kDa FITC-dextran into the acinar lumen, induced redistribution of cytoskeleton F-actin under confocal microscope, and these effects were abolished by preincubation of capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist, indicating that activation of TRPV1 increases expression and permeability of TJ in SMG. Additionally, in a hyposecretory model induced by rabbit SMG transplantation, the expression of ZO-1, Cldn-3, and -11 was decreased, whereas other TJs remained unaltered. The structure of TJ was impaired and the width of apical TJs was reduced under transmission electron microscope, concomitant with diminished immunofluorescence of F-actin in peri-apicolateral region, indicating impaired TJ expression and decreased paracellular permeability in the transplanted SMG. Moreover, topical capsaicin cream increased secretion, decreased TJ structural injury, reversed TJ expression levels, and protected F-actin morphology from disarrangement in transplanted SMGs. These data provide the first evidence to demonstrate that TJ components, particularly ZO-1, Cldn-3, and -11 have important roles in secretion of SMG under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The injury in TJ integrity was involved in the hypofunctional SMGs, and TRPV1 might be a potential target to improve saliva secretion through modulating expression and function of TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cong
- Center for Salivary Gland Diseases of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University HealthScience Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Beijing, China
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