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Akleyin E, Yavuz Y, Yardımeden A. Three-Dimensional Modeling and Quantitative Assessment of Mandibular Volume in Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Case Series. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:528. [PMID: 38674174 PMCID: PMC11051706 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Ectodermal dysplasia (ED)-a genetic disorder-is characterized by severe tooth deficiency. We compared the mandibular volume and the sagittal and horizontal mandibular widths between patients with ED (ED group) and individuals without tooth deficiency (control group) using three-dimensional modeling. We hypothesized that the mandibular volume differs in ED cases owing to congenital tooth deficiency. Materials and Methods: We used previously obtained cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 13 patients with ED. The control group data comprised retrospective CBCT images of patients of similar age and sex with a skeletal relationship of class 1. Further, using the three-dimensional image analysis software, the tooth crowns were separated from the mandible, the mandible was reconstructed and the gonion-to-gonion distance in the mandible was marked, the distance to the menton point was measured, and the distance between the two condyles was measured and compared with the control group. Results: Overall, 46.2% and 53.8% of the participants were men and women, respectively. In the ED group, the mean age of the participants was 15.46 (range, 6-24) years, and the mean number of mandibular teeth was 4.62. Notably, the edentulous mandible volume of the ED group (27.020 mm3) was statistically significantly smaller than that of the control group (49.213 mm3) (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of the marked points. For data analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Conclusions: It has been considered that mandible volume does not develop in ED cases because of missing teeth. Modern practices, such as the CBCT technique and three-dimensional software, may be effective in identifying the true morphologic features, especially in patients with genetic syndromes affecting the maxillofacial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Akleyin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21010, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yavuz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Harran University, Urfa 63000, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yardımeden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21010, Turkey
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Alamoudi R, Kanavakis G, Oeschger ES, Halazonetis D, Gkantidis N. Occlusal characteristics in modern humans with tooth agenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5840. [PMID: 38462644 PMCID: PMC10925589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic permanent tooth agenesis affects a significant proportion of the population, especially if third molars are considered. Although tooth agenesis has been linked to a smaller craniofacial size, reduced facial convexity and a shorter skeletal face, the occlusal characteristics of individuals with tooth agenesis remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study investigated potential associations between tooth agenesis and metric occlusal traits in 806 individuals (491 with 4.1 missing teeth per subject, including third molars, and 315 without any tooth agenesis). Dentoskeletal morphology was defined through anatomical landmarks on pre-treatment cephalometric radiographs. Multivariate regression models, adjusted for sex and age, showed that tooth agenesis was significantly associated with a reduced overjet, an increased interincisal angle, and shorter upper and lower dental arch lengths, but not with overbite. Moreover, apart from reduced tooth length and dentoalveolar effects, as the number of missing teeth increased the upper front teeth were progressively retruded according to the craniofacial complex and to the face. Thus, tooth agenesis has a substantial influence on dental and occlusal characteristics, as well as on the sagittal position and inclination of anterior teeth. These findings emphasize the necessity for personalized, multidisciplinary approaches in individuals with multiple agenesis to successfully meet treatment goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragda Alamoudi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB - University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias S Oeschger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Demetrios Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Cavare A, Decaup PH, Boileau MJ, Garot E. Patterns and sexual dimorphism of non-syndromic hypodontia among a French orthodontic population. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 159:105894. [PMID: 38232498 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective study aimed to estimate the prevalence of non-syndromic congenitally missing teeth (CMT) and to explore the frequency of CMT patterns in a French orthodontic population. In addition, the study sought to assess sex-based differences in CMT patterns. DESIGN Panoramic radiographs of 4569 orthodontic patients between 9 and 21 years-old performed over a 16-year period (2006-2022) were examined to identify non-syndromic tooth agenesis, excluding third molars. A chi-square test or a Fisher exact test were used to determine the difference in the prevalence of tooth agenesis between sex and between arches. RESULTS Tooth agenesis was observed in 7.3% of the sample (7.9% for females and 6.6% for males). Approximately 86% of the included subjects presented 1 or 2 missing teeth. Single tooth agenesis was significantly more frequent in females than males (p = 0.002, χ2). In total, 23 of the 67 different patterns of CMT observed, were present more than once. 75.5% of male patients and 79.5% of female patients presented one or both missing lateral incisors or second premolars, rarely affected at the same time. This study showed no sex difference in the patterns of tooth agenesis. LIMITATIONS This study has limitations due to its retrospective nature and our findings apply solely to an orthodontic population from a white ethnic background. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be aware of this particular incisor/premolar phenotype regardless of biological sex. Issues associated with congenitally missing teeth can be managed more effectively with early teenage diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Cavare
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac F-33600, France
| | - Pierre-Hadrien Decaup
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac F-33600, France; Univ. de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Compétence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CCMR O-Rares, C.H.U. de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-José Boileau
- Univ. de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Compétence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CCMR O-Rares, C.H.U. de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elsa Garot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, MCC, PACEA, UMR 5199, Pessac F-33600, France; Univ. de Bordeaux, UFR des Sciences Odontologiques, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Compétence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, CCMR O-Rares, C.H.U. de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Henninger E, Friedli L, Makrygiannakis MA, Zymperdikas VF, Papadopoulos MA, Kanavakis G, Gkantidis N. Supernumerary Tooth Patterns in Non-Syndromic White European Subjects. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:230. [PMID: 37886915 PMCID: PMC10605437 DOI: 10.3390/dj11100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary teeth form at an incidence of about 3% in the population, with differences among races and various clinical consequences. Information on detailed patterns, and especially on white subjects, is scarce in the literature. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the patterns of non-syndromic permanent supernumerary teeth in a white European population. A record review was performed in different orthodontic clinics and identified 207 eligible individuals with 258 supernumerary teeth. Approximately 80% of the subjects had one supernumerary tooth, while 15% had two. Supernumerary tooth formation was more often evident in males (male/female: 1.65). However, there was no sexual dimorphism in its severity. The following pattern sequences, with decreasing prevalence order, were observed in the maxilla: 21 > 11 > 12 > 18 > 28 and in the mandible: 34 > 44 > 35 > 45 > 42. Supernumerary teeth were most often unilaterally present, without sexual dimorphism. In the maxilla, they were more often anteriorly present, whereas in the mandible, an opposite tendency was observed. Supernumerary teeth were consistently more often observed in the maxilla than in the mandible; 74% were impacted, 80% had normal orientation (13% horizontal, 7% inverted), and 53% had normal size. The present thorough supernumerary tooth pattern assessment enables a better understanding of this condition with clinical, developmental, and evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Henninger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Luca Friedli
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Miltiadis A. Makrygiannakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasileios F. Zymperdikas
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.F.Z.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Moschos A. Papadopoulos
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (V.F.Z.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB—University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (E.H.); (L.F.)
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Alamoudi R, Ghamri M, Mistakidis I, Gkantidis N. Sexual Dimorphism in Third Molar Agenesis in Humans with and without Agenesis of Other Teeth. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121725. [PMID: 36552235 PMCID: PMC9774884 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism in the human dentition is of interest from a developmental, evolutionary, and clinical point of view. Here, we investigated sexual dimorphism in third molar agenesis patterns and severity in non-syndromic white European individuals with (group A: 303 individuals) and without agenesis (group B: 303 individuals) of teeth other than the third molars. There was no sexual dimorphism in the patterns or the severity of third molar agenesis within groups. Both sexes showed a higher number of third molar agenesis per individual in group A than in group B. The most common third molar agenesis pattern was that of no third molars. For both females and males, bilateral third molar agenesis was approximately three times more frequent in group A than in group B (p < 0.001), whereas no difference was detected for unilateral agenesis. These findings indicate a strong genetic control of the developmental process of tooth formation, with any disruptions affecting both sexes in a similar manner. Overall, the higher vulnerability of third molar formation could be associated with the evolutionary trend in humans towards a reduced number of molar teeth, which seems to show no sex-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragda Alamoudi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed Ghamri
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Directorate of Health Affairs-Jeddah, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-031-632-098
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Cerezo-Cayuelas M, Pérez-Silva A, Serna-Muñoz C, Vicente A, Martínez-Beneyto Y, Cabello-Malagón I, Ortiz-Ruiz AJ. Orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic treatments in patients with ectodermal dysplasia: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:376. [PMID: 36253866 PMCID: PMC9575248 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this systematic review was to determine the orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic treatments carried out in patients with ectodermal dysplasia to facilitate functional and aesthetic rehabilitation. Methods The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, LILACS, EBSCOhost and Embase databases up to 6 January 2022. We included articles describing patients with any type of ectodermal dysplasia who received orthodontic or dentofacial orthopedic treatment to facilitate functional and aesthetic oral rehabilitation. The search was not restricted by language or year of publication. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Scale of the University of Adelaide for case series and case reports. The review was registered at the University of York Centre for reviews (CRD42021288030). Results Of the initial 403 studies found, 29 met the inclusion criteria. After applying the quality scale, 23 were left for review—21 case reports and 2 case series. The initial age of patients ranged from 34 months to 24 years. Thirteen studies were on hypohidrotic and/or anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, of which two were X-chromosome linked. In one study, the patient had Wiktop syndrome, and in nine the type of ectodermal dysplasia was not specified. The duration of treatment was 7 weeks to 10 years. The treatments described were: fixed orthodontic appliances or simple acrylic plates designed for tooth movement, including leveling and aligning, closing of diastemata, retraction of impacted teeth in the dental arch; clear aligners; fixed and/or removable appliances for the correction of skeletal and/or dentoalveolar relationships; palatal expanders in combination with face masks for orthopedic traction of the maxilla; and orthognathic surgery. Only three studies provided cephalometric data. Conclusion The level of evidence of the articles reviewed was low and most orthopedic and dentofacial orthodontic treatments described were focused on correcting dental malpositioning and jaw asymmetries and not on stimulating growth from an early age. Studies with greater scientific evidence are needed to determine the best treatment for these patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02533-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cerezo-Cayuelas
- Department of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Avda. Marqués de los Vélez S/N, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - Amparo Pérez-Silva
- Department of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Avda. Marqués de los Vélez S/N, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - Clara Serna-Muñoz
- Department of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Avda. Marqués de los Vélez S/N, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ascensión Vicente
- Orthodontics Unit, University Dental Clinic, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Martínez-Beneyto
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Cabello-Malagón
- Department of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Avda. Marqués de los Vélez S/N, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio José Ortiz-Ruiz
- Department of Integrated Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Avda. Marqués de los Vélez S/N, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
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Yu K, Dou J, Huang W, Wang F, Wu Y. Expanding the genetic spectrum of tooth agenesis using whole-exome sequencing. Clin Genet 2022; 102:503-516. [PMID: 36071541 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth agenesis is a high genetic heterogeneous disorder with more than eighty genes identified as associated molecular causes. The present study aimed to detect the possible pathogenic variants in a cohort of well-characterized probands with a clinical diagnosis of tooth agenesis. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 131 tooth agenesis patients with no previously identified molecular diagnosis. All the potential pathogenic variants were verified by Sanger sequencing in patients and their family members. Results Seventy-three patients were genetically diagnosed in 131 unrelated Chinese patients with tooth agenesis, providing a positive molecular diagnostic rate of 55.7%, including 53.8% (49/91) in the non-syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA) group, and 60.0% (24/40) in syndromic tooth agenesis (STA) group. A total of 75 variants from 13 different genes were identified, including 33 novel variants, and WNT10A and EDA are the most common causative genes associated with non-syndromic and syndromic tooth agenesis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study further extends the variant spectrum and clinical profiles of tooth agenesis, which has a positive significance for clinical practice, genetic diagnosis, prenatal counseling and future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Dou
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Oeschger ES, Kanavakis G, Cocos A, Halazonetis DJ, Gkantidis N. Number of Teeth Is Related to Craniofacial Morphology in Humans. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040544. [PMID: 35453743 PMCID: PMC9029740 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In modern humans, congenital absence of one or more permanent teeth has a prevalence of 22.6% when considering the third molars and of 6.4% when not. Its high prevalence, in conjunction with evolutionary findings pinpointing to a steady reduction in teeth number, raises the question whether the congenital absence of teeth in modern humans is an evolutionary trend rather than an anomaly. Previous studies have shown that modern humans with less teeth also have smaller faces; however, the association between teeth number and craniofacial morphology remains unclear. Here, we show that less teeth are associated with a flatter profile and a decreased facial height. These findings support the claim of a broader relationship between number of teeth and overall craniofacial development and have evolutionary implications, since face reduction comprises also an evolutionary trend in humans. Abstract One of the most common dental anomalies in humans is the congenital absence of teeth, referred to as tooth agenesis. The association of tooth agenesis to craniofacial morphology has been previously investigated but remains unclear. We investigated this association by applying geometric morphometric methods in a large sample of modern humans. In line with previous studies, we report here that a reduced teeth number is linked to a less convex profile, as well as to a shorter face. The effects were similar for males and females; they increased as the severity of the tooth agenesis increased and remained unaltered by the inclusion of third molars and of allometry in the analysis. Furthermore, in cases with tooth agenesis only in the maxilla, there was no detectable effect in mandibular shape, whereas maxillary shape was affected independently of the location of missing teeth. The robustness of the present sample along with the shape analysis and the statistical approach applied, allowed for thorough testing of various contributing factors regarding the presence but also the magnitude of effects. The present findings suggest a relationship between number of teeth and overall craniofacial development and have evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias S. Oeschger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UZB—University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alina Cocos
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Demetrios J. Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.C.); (D.J.H.)
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
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Eliacik BK, Atas C, Polat GG. Prevalence and patterns of tooth agenesis among patients aged 12-22 years: A retrospective study. Korean J Orthod 2021; 51:355-362. [PMID: 34556590 PMCID: PMC8461387 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.5.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to establish the prevalence and patterns of nonsyndromic tooth agenesis in patients referred to a tertiary health care facility. Methods The intraoral records and panoramic radiographs of 9,874 patients aged 12–22 years were evaluated. The study group included 716 patients (371 male, 345 female) with non-syndromic agenesis of at least one tooth (except the third molars). The study data were assessed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney U test, while patterns were evaluated using a tooth agenesis code (TAC) tool. Results A total of 1,627 congenitally missing teeth, were found in patients with non-syndromic tooth agenesis, with an average of 2.27 missing teeth per patient. The prevalence of tooth agenesis was 7.25%, and the most commonly missing teeth were the left mandibular second premolars (10.17%). The age group comparison revealed no significant difference in the median number of missing teeth per patient according to the cutoff values for ages between 12 and 22 years. When the missing teeth were examined separately according to quadrants, 114 different tooth agenesis patterns (upper right quadrant = 28, upper left quadrant = 27, lower left quadrant = 31, and lower right quadrant = 28) were identified, and 81 of these patterns appeared only once. Conclusions This study highlights the benefits of applying the TAC tool in a large sample population. The application of the TAC tool in such studies will enable the development of template treatment plans by determining homogenous patterns of tooth agenesis in certain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Kiziltan Eliacik
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cafer Atas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunseli Guven Polat
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hamidiye Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Medina MCG, Bastos RTDRM, Mecenas P, Pinheiro JDJV, Normando D. Association between tooth agenesis and cancer: a systematic review. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20200955. [PMID: 34378652 PMCID: PMC8360625 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The congenital absence of multiple teeth may share the same genetic background of the development of some types of cancer. Objective: This systematic review aimed to investigate the possible association between dental agenesis and cancer, and the perspective of agenesis as an early predictor for cancer risk. Methodology: The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and OpenGrey were searched and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. The GRADE tool was used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence. Results: Six studies met the eligibility criteria. A positive co-occurrence between ovarian cancer and hypodontia was found in two articles. Three studies evaluated the association between dental agenesis and colorectal cancer and only one showed common genes for these conditions. One paper found individuals with hypodontia had a higher risk of family history of cancer. Five studies had a fair quality and one a good quality. The certainty of evidence was classified as very low. Conclusion: Notwithstanding the limited scientific evidence, there may be a possible association between dental agenesis and cancer due to genes involved in both conditions. Agenesis of multiple teeth could be an early indicator of cancer risk. Nevertheless, studies with a better level of evidence are needed to confirm this possible association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Mecenas
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | | | - David Normando
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Odontologia, Belém, Pará, Brasil
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Gkantidis N, Tacchi M, Oeschger ES, Halazonetis D, Kanavakis G. Third Molar Agenesis Is Associated with Facial Size. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070650. [PMID: 34356505 PMCID: PMC8301315 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Missing third molars is a common occurrence in modern humans with a prevalence of approximately 20% in the general population. The absence of those teeth, however, is not found in other human predecessors. Therefore, there is speculation whether the congenital absence of third molars is part of an evolutionary mechanism that leads to smaller jaws, smaller and fewer teeth, or if their absence is associated with more local developmental factors. In this study, we assessed the size of the cranial base, the maxilla, the mandible and the entire craniofacial complex in individuals missing one or more third molars and compared them with a group with no missing teeth. We showed that in cases with one or more missing third molars, there is a significant decrease in the size of the maxilla, the mandible as well as the entire facial configuration. Additionally, the more missing third molars, the smaller the jaws and the face were. These findings suggest that isolated third molar agenesis is part of a developmental mechanism related to craniofacial size reduction. Whether this mechanism is part of an evolutionary process in humans remains to be seen. Abstract Individuals with congenitally missing permanent teeth, other than third molars, present smaller craniofacial configurations compared to normal controls. However, it is not known if agenesis of third molars is part of the same mechanism. Therefore, this study assessed individuals with and without isolated third molar agenesis and tested the relation of this condition to the size of their facial configurations, using geometric morphometric methods. We show that the absence of one or more third molars is associated with a smaller maxilla, smaller mandible and a smaller overall facial configuration. The effect was larger as the number of missing third molars increased. For example, the size of the mandibular centroids in five 16-year-old females with no, one, two, three or four missing third molars showed a size reduction of approximately 2.5 mm per missing third molar. In addition, in cases with third molar agenesis in one jaw only, the effect was also evident on the opposite jaw. Our findings suggest that isolated third molar agenesis is part of a developmental mechanism resulting also in craniofacial size reduction. This might be the effect of an evolutionary process observed in humans, leading to fewer and smaller teeth, as well as smaller facial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (M.T.); (E.S.O.)
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Manuel Tacchi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (M.T.); (E.S.O.)
| | - Elias S. Oeschger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (M.T.); (E.S.O.)
| | - Demetrios Halazonetis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Kanavakis
- Department of Pediatric Oral Health and Orthodontics, UZB—University School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence: (N.G.); (G.K.)
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Baba R, Sato A, Arai K. Consecutive tooth agenesis patterns in non-syndromic oligodontia. Odontology 2021; 110:183-192. [PMID: 34236541 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00634-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Agenesis of two or more consecutive adjacent permanent teeth (consecutive tooth agenesis, CTA) is a serious manifestation of oligodontia requiring long-term, multi-disciplinary treatment. Therefore, the present study investigated the characteristics of the CTA pattern in orthodontic patients with non-syndromic oligodontia. Using panoramic radiographs, the number of agenetic permanent teeth excluding third molars in non-syndromic orthodontic patients was evaluated, and patients with six or more agenetic teeth (oligodontia group, n = 97) and with one to five agenetic teeth (hypodontia group, n = 107) were selected. The numbers of CTA including third molars in each quadrant and in each patient were compared between the groups. Each quadrant with CTA of patients was categorized into one of the following four types: (I) involves anterior teeth only; (II) involves posterior teeth only; (IIIA) includes anterior and posterior teeth; and (IIIB) separate in the anterior and posterior teeth. CTA in at least one quadrant was found in 91.8 and 4.7% of patients in the oligodontia and hypodontia groups, respectively. The highest frequency CTA patterns included agenesis of the first and second premolars and of the second and third molars in the oligodontia and hypodontia groups, respectively. In the oligodontia group, type IIIA was significantly more frequent in the maxillary than in the mandibular quadrant. Most oligodontia patients who visit orthodontic clinics have CTA. A rare but severe CTA pattern that continues from the anterior to posterior segments is more frequent in the maxillary than in the mandibular quadrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Baba
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry At Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sato
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry At Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry At Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan.
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Canigur Bavbek N, Arslan Avan B. Morphometric evaluation of cranial base and sella turcica in patients with bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors. Odontology 2021; 109:701-709. [PMID: 33608796 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the dimensions and morphology of cranial base and sella turcica in patients with bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors (BMLI). This retrospective study was conducted on lateral cephalometric radiographs of 34 female patients with BMLI (17.69 ± 2.96 years) and 34 female patients with complete dentation and skeletal Class 1 relationship serving as a control group (17.22 ± 2.2 years). Basicranial and maxillomandibular variables together with linear dimensions and morphology of sella turcica were evaluated. Differences between groups were analyzed by Student's t test for parametric variables and Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric variables. Chi-square test followed by post hoc test with Bonferroni correction was used for categoric variables (p < 0.05). When compared to control group, N-S-Se angle was less negative, dimensions between Ba-Se, N-Ba, and N-Ar were larger, and SNA angle was smaller in BMLI group. There were no significant differences between groups regarding the linear dimensions of sella turcica. However, variations in sella turcica morphology were more frequent in BMLI group (n = 17; 50%) when compared to control group (n = 2; 5.8%). The most common morphologic variations in BMLI group were oblique anterior wall (20.6%) and irregularity (notching) in the posterior part of sella turcica (14.7%). The present study showed a statistically significant relationship between the presence of BMLI with some craniofacial parameters and morphological variations of sella turcica. This information may be useful as an additional and early diagnostic tool for BMLI and to highlight the possible links to its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehir Canigur Bavbek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, 82nd Road No: 2 06510 Emek, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Basak Arslan Avan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, 82nd Road No: 2 06510 Emek, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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Sivarajan S, Mani SA, John J, Fayed MMS, Kook YA, Wey MC. The global distribution of permanent canine hypodontia: A systematic review. Korean J Orthod 2021; 51:55-74. [PMID: 33446621 PMCID: PMC7837799 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically review studies on canine agenesis prevalence in different populations and continents, based on the jaw, sex, location, and associated dental anomalies. Methods Electronic and hand searches of English literature in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, OpenGrey, and Science Direct were conducted, and the authors were contacted when necessary. Observational studies (population-based, hospital/clinic-based, and cross-sectional) were included. For study appraisal and synthesis, duplicate selection was performed independently by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist, with main outcome of prevalence of canine agenesis. Results The global population prevalence of canine agenesis was 0.30% (0.0-4.7%), highest in Asia (0.54%), followed by Africa (0.33%), and the least in Europe and South America (0.19% in both continents). Canine agenesis was more common in the maxilla (88.57%), followed by both maxilla and mandible (8.57%), and the least common was mandible-only presentation (2.86%). The condition was more common in females (female:male ratio = 1.23), except in Asia (female:male ratio = 0.88) and Africa (female:male ratio = 1). In Asia, unilateral agenesis was almost twice as prevalent as bilateral, but in Europe, the bilateral form was more common. Conclusions The overall prevalence of canine agenesis is 0.30%, with the highest prevalence in Asia, followed by Africa, Europe, and South America. The condition is more common in the maxilla than the mandible, and in females than males (except in Asia and Africa), with unilateral agenesis being more common in Asia and the bilateral form showing a greater prevalence in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Sivarajan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shani Ann Mani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jacob John
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mona M Salah Fayed
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yoon-Ah Kook
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mang Chek Wey
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sato A, Arai K. Sexual dimorphism of tooth agenesis patterns in non-syndromic oligodontia in Japanese patients. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:105038. [PMID: 33515980 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wide individual variation observed in tooth agenesis patterns in patients with non-syndromic oligodontia could be affected by sexual dimorphism. Therefore, the present study investigated sex-associated differences in tooth agenesis patterns in patients with non-syndromic oligodontia. DESIGN Subjects were 108 male (ages 7-46 years) and 184 female (ages 7-43 years) orthodontic patients missing ≥6 permanent teeth, excluding third molars. The number of agenetic teeth per patient, excluding third molars, and the prevalence of agenesis of each tooth type were evaluated using panoramic radiographic images. Rankings of the most common tooth agenesis patterns in the maxillary and mandibular arches were calculated. The number of agenetic teeth per patient was compared between sexes using the Mann-Whitney test. The prevalence of tooth agenesis for each tooth type was compared between sexes using the χ2 and Fisher's exact tests with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS No significant sex difference in the distribution of the number of agenetic teeth was observed. The prevalence of agenesis of the maxillary second premolars was significantly higher in females (P < 0.007) and the prevalence of agenesis of the mandibular central incisors was significantly higher in males (P < 0.007). Sexual dimorphism was observed in the highly ranked tooth agenesis patterns. CONCLUSIONS No significant difference in the severity of tooth agenesis was observed between sexes; however, sexual dimorphism was observed in the tooth agenesis patterns of patients with non-syndromic oligodontia. Although various tooth agenesis patterns were identified, sex-specific tendencies suggest that categories can be utilized in future epidemiologic research and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Sato
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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BAYRAKTAR C, KIRZIOĞLU Z. Bir grup Türk çocuk popülasyonunda sendroma bağlı olmayan oligodonti prevalansı. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA TURCICA 2021. [DOI: 10.17214/gaziaot.646511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Scheiwiller M, Oeschger ES, Gkantidis N. Third molar agenesis in modern humans with and without agenesis of other teeth. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10367. [PMID: 33240669 PMCID: PMC7678444 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of teeth in the human dentition is of interest both from developmental and evolutionary aspects. The present case-control study focused on the formation of third molars in modern humans aiming to shed more light on the most variable tooth class in the dentition. Materials and Methods For this reason, we investigated third molar formation in a sample of 303 individuals with agenesis of teeth other than third molars (agenesis group) and compared it to a sex and age matched control group of 303 individuals without agenesis of teeth other than third molars. Results The prevalence of third molar agenesis in the agenesis group was 50.8%, which is significantly higher than the 20.5% in the control group (p < 0.001). The chance of a missing third molar in the agenesis group was increased by 38.3% (p < 0.001), after controlling for the agenesis in other teeth factor. When considering the amount of missing third molars per individual, a clear tendency towards more missing third molars was evident in the agenesis group compared to the control group. The frequency of bilaterally missing third molars in the agenesis group was 29% in the maxilla, as well as in the mandible, which is about three times higher than the frequency of unilaterally missing third molars (p < 0.001). In the control group, bilaterally missing third molars occurred in 8.6% in the maxilla and 8.9% in the mandible. Conclusion The present results indicate that genetic factors involved in tooth agenesis affect also the dentition as a whole. Furthermore, the third molars are more vulnerable to factors involved in agenesis of other teeth and they are more often affected as a whole. These findings seem to be associated with the evolutionary trend in humans towards reduced molar number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Scheiwiller
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elias S Oeschger
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Giavitto AE, Meehan LJ. Congenital hypodontia in three horses diagnosed by computed tomography. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Giavitto
- Langford Equine Referral Hospital University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences Langford, Bristol UK
| | - L. J. Meehan
- Langford Equine Referral Hospital University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences Langford, Bristol UK
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Abstract
During human evolution there has been an increase in the size of the brain and the cranium, whereas the size of the face, as well as the size and number of teeth have decreased. In modern humans, the occurrence of missing permanent teeth, namely tooth agenesis, is common. It could be attributed to a biological mechanism of tooth number reduction that has evolved during time and might still be active. Although, if evident, it would add support to this theory, the relationship between this phenotype and craniofacial size remains largely unknown. The present case-control study shows that modern individuals with tooth agenesis have indeed smaller facial configurations. For example, a 15-year-old female with no, one, or ten missing teeth would have a facial centroid size of 511.83, 510.81, or 501.70 mm, respectively. No such effect was observable in the cranial base and the cranium. Our results suggest that common gene regulatory mechanisms that have evolved over time, continue to regulate the number of teeth and facial size of modern humans in a coordinated manner. We anticipate our findings to enrich our understanding of the evolution and development of the human head and kindle future developmental research on this field.
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Ota S, Hirakata C, Endo T. Prevalence and patterns of tooth agenesis among malocclusion classes in a Japanese orthodontic population. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:504-507. [PMID: 31548453 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess, in detail, the association between tooth agenesis (TA) and various sagittal skeletal malocclusion groups in a Japanese orthodontic population. One thousand and twenty patients were divided into skeletal Class I, II, or III malocclusion groups using the A point, nasion, and B point angle. TA was identified in each group using panoramic radiographs. Patients with class III malocclusion exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of third molar (M3) agenesis, bilateral and overall agenesis of the maxillary M3s than those patients with a class II malocclusion. Those with a Class II malocclusion demonstrated a significantly lower prevalence of overall agenesis of the mandibular M3s than those with class I or III malocclusions. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of agenesis of teeth other than the M3s between the skeletal malocclusion groups. In each group, there was significantly more M3 agenesis present in the maxilla than in the mandible, and agenesis of the incisors and second premolars was found more often in the mandible than in the maxilla. Sagittal jaw relationships were significantly associated with M3 agenesis but were not associated with agenesis of the maxillary and mandibular incisors and second premolars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ota
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Chika Hirakata
- Orthodontic Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University Niigata Hospital
| | - Toshiya Endo
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University
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Göllner N, Winkler J, Göllner P, Gkantidis N. Effect of mandibular first molar mesialization on alveolar bone height: a split mouth study. Prog Orthod 2019; 20:22. [PMID: 31179523 PMCID: PMC6556515 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-019-0275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the risk of vertical alveolar bone loss (ABL) in mesialized mandibular permanent molars due to space closure in patients with unilateral second premolar agenesis. The contralateral side served as control. Subjects and methods Twenty-five retrospectively selected subjects (median age 14.9, range 12.0, 31.9 years) were analyzed. Space closure (approximately 10 mm) was performed using skeletal anchorage. ABL was measured at mesial and distal sites of first molars in pre- and post-treatment panoramic radiographs. Measurements were corrected for distortion and magnification of radiographs. Molar angulation according to the occlusal plane was also evaluated. Permutational multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), followed by pairwise comparisons, was performed. Results MANCOVA resulted in no difference in ABL between the distal sites of mesialized molars and the control sites. On the contrary, there was statistically higher ABL, at the mesial sites of mesialized versus non-mesialized molars (p = 0.042; median 0.19 mm; range − 0.82, 1.33); though the difference was not clinically relevant. In the space closure side, mesially, only two patients had ABL higher that 1 mm. No patient had a severe bone level height defect (> 3 mm distance from the cementoenamel junction) at any point. When testing differences in molar angulation between sites and from pre- to post-treatment condition, no significant difference was detected (p > 0.05, median − 1.9°, range − 13.5, 6.2). Limitations This is a retrospective study on panoramic radiographs. Conclusions Space closure through extensive tooth movement was identified as a risk factor for vertical ABL, at the mesial sites of mandibular first molars. However, the amount of ABL was not clinically relevant, and thus this treatment option is considered safe in terms of ABL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Göllner
- Private Practice, Spitalgasse 16, CH-3011, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Winkler
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Göllner
- Private Practice, Spitalgasse 16, CH-3011, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Gkantidis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
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Patterns of congenitally missing teeth of non-syndromic and syndromic patients treated at a single-center over the past thirty years. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:140-147. [PMID: 30496934 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Literature regarding congenitally-missing-teeth (CMT) is lacking especially on CMT-patterns. Thus, the aim of this study was to present an in-depth analysis of 843 patients with CMT treated at a single-center over the past thirty years. DESIGN Age, date-of-birth-year, gender, medical- and family-history, CMT-types, -numbers, -severity, -region, -symmetry, -patterns using the tooth agenesis code (TAC), and -growth types of all clinically and radiographically diagnosed CMT-patients were collected. Age and occurrence of syndromes were used to divide CMT-patients into non-syndromic patients older than nine years (group1) and syndromic CMT-patients (group2). Groups were compared especially regarding gender and CMT-severity. RESULTS The average CMT-number per patient was 5.5 (group1, n = 816, 59.9% female) and 15.1 (group2, n = 27, 29.6% female). There were significant less male (40.1% vs. 70.4%, respectively; P = 0.002) as well as significantly less male-oligodontia (44.8% vs. 73.9%, respectively; P = 0.009) in group1 than in group2. Group1 resulted in decreased prevalence of similar CMT-patterns with severity; the most prevalent CMT was the 2nd premolar; there were no significant differences between the right and left side, whereas more CMT affected the maxilla; the majority of patients presented with bilateral-CMT (82.8%); females were more affected by CMT but more males had severer forms; certain single CMT differed by gender, and CMT was related to first-grade-relatives. CONCLUSION The majority of CMT-patients presented with hypodontia. Furthermore, same CMT-patterns seem more like to be present in patients with milder forms of tooth agenesis. Gender-specific association regarding CMT-number, severity groups, and single CMT were detected.
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Souza-Silva BN, Vieira WDA, Bernardino ÍDM, Batista MJ, Bittencourt MAV, Paranhos LR. Non-syndromic tooth agenesis patterns and their association with other dental anomalies: A retrospective study. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:26-32. [PMID: 30172942 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the factors associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis, besides identifying its pattern of occurrence. STUDY DESIGN Pre-orthodontic exams of 3400 subjects, aged 8-30 years, were selected from a radiographic center in Brazil. Panoramic and periapical radiographs were analyzed to verify the presence of tooth agenesis and other six dental anomalies. Descriptive statistics were calculated using the Tooth Agenesis Code tool and, to evaluate significant associations, a negative binomial regression model was constructed. Besides, unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated for the bivariate and the multivariate analysis. RESULTS Prevalence of tooth agenesis was 3.0% (n = 68) and 41 different phenotypic patterns were observed. Teeth most often symmetrically missing were maxillary lateral incisors (13.2%) and mandibular second premolars (8.8%). Females (PR = 3.49, CI 95% = 1.96-6.19) presented more tooth agenesis. Other dental anomalies, such as palatal displacement of maxillary canine and infraocclusion of primary molar were significantly more frequent (p < 0.001) in subjects with agenesis. CONCLUSION There was a strong relationship between tooth agenesis and gender and the association with other dental anomalies was significant, with the exception of the supernumerary teeth, which seems to be independent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Alan Vieira Bittencourt
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Rédua RB, Rédua PCB. Hypodontia of mandibular incisors: considerations on the orthodontic treatment. Dental Press J Orthod 2018; 23:79-87. [PMID: 30304157 PMCID: PMC6150707 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.4.079-087.bbo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypodontia is the most prevalent craniofacial malformation in mankind. It may present a wide variety of manifestations and, depending on the number and location of missing teeth, it may affect the esthetics, mastication, speech and occlusal balance. This paper discusses the therapeutic approaches to solve this condition, describing a case report with hypodontia of one mandibular lateral incisor, which treatment option included space closure at the region of hypodontia associated with composite resin restorations in the mandibular central incisors. The three-year follow-up after treatment revealed occlusal stability, adequate intercuspation in Class I relationship and excellent micro and macroesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Barcellos Rédua
- Escola Superior São Francisco de Assis, Faculdade de Odontologia, Disciplina de Clínica Integrada Infantil (Santa Tereza/ES, Brazil)
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