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Hassan SS, Lundstrom K, Barh D, Silva RJS, Andrade BS, Azevedo V, Choudhury PP, Palu G, Uhal BD, Kandimalla R, Seyran M, Lal A, Sherchan SP, Azad GK, Aljabali AAA, Brufsky AM, Serrano-Aroca Á, Adadi P, Abd El-Aziz TM, Redwan EM, Takayama K, Rezaei N, Tambuwala M, Uversky VN. Implications derived from S-protein variants of SARS-CoV-2 from six continents. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 191:934-955. [PMID: 34571123 PMCID: PMC8462006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The spike (S) protein is a critical determinant of the infectivity and antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Several mutations in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 have already been detected, and their effect in immune system evasion and enhanced transmission as a cause of increased morbidity and mortality are being investigated. From pathogenic and epidemiological perspectives, S proteins are of prime interest to researchers. This study focused on the unique variants of S proteins from six continents: Asia, Africa, Europe, Oceania, South America, and North America. In comparison to the other five continents, Africa had the highest percentage of unique S proteins (29.1%). The phylogenetic relationship implies that unique S proteins from North America are significantly different from those of the other five continents. They are most likely to spread to the other geographic locations through international travel or naturally by emerging mutations. It is suggested that restriction of international travel should be considered, and massive vaccination as an utmost measure to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is also further suggested that the efficacy of existing vaccines and future vaccine development must be reviewed with careful scrutiny, and if needed, further re-engineered based on requirements dictated by new emerging S protein variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Sarif Hassan
- Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur 721140, West Bengal, India.
| | | | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, WB, India; Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Raner Jośe Santana Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences (DCB), Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGGBM), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Ilheus-Itabuna, km 16, 45662-900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva Andrade
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Jequié 45206-190, Brazil.
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laborat'orio de Geńetica Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Genetica, Ecologia e Evolucao, Instituto de Ciˆencias Biol'ogicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Pabitra Pal Choudhury
- Applied Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B T Road, Kolkata 700108, India
| | - Giorgio Palu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Bruce D Uhal
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Murat Seyran
- Doctoral Studies in Natural and Technical Sciences (SPL 44), University of Vienna, W¨ahringer Straße, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amos Lal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samendra P Sherchan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | | | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid 566, Jordan.
| | - Adam M Brufsky
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigaci'on Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Cat́olica de Valencia San Vicente Ḿartir, c/Guillem de Castro, 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Parise Adadi
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Science, King Abdulazizi University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Murtaza Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia.
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Singhavi H, Pai A, Mair M, Singhavi J, Gandhi P, Baker A, Das S, Kumar S, Conboy P. SARS-Cov2: a meta-analysis of symptom distribution by continent in 7310 adult COVID-19 infected patients. Virusdisease 2021. [PMID: 34124318 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00699-y/figures/5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is recent evidence that suggests that there are multiple strains of coronavirus in different parts of the world. Moreover, scientist have noted multiple mutations and postulated that these changes might increase the infective rate of the virus. However literature on varying severity of disease based on these strains is absent. In this meta-analysis, we have made an attempt to correlate the symptoms in different continents with respect to various studied strains of virus. We searched three databases, PubMed, EMBASE and EMCARE to identify studies reporting symptoms of COVID-19. All articles published between December 2019 and May 2020 was included in this meta-analysis. A total of 56 studies consisted of 7310 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Mean age of patients varied from 22 to 69.8 years. The pooled proportion of male patients was 52%. Highest incidence of fever (76%) and cough (56%) was noted in Chinese population. Sore throat (29%) was most common in Asian population. Upper respiratory tract symptom like Rhinorrhoea, Anosmia and dysgeusia (32%, 47% and 39%) were well documented in European population as compared to the other continents. Nausea and diarrhoea were more common in European (17%, 19%) and Australian (12%, 16%) population. Dyspnoea and fatigue were consistently similar in all the continents. We postulate that different mutations in COVID-19 virus may vary its pathogenicity and screening symptoms across all the continents should be not be generalised but continent-specific. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-021-00699-y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ameya Pai
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Manish Mair
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Infirmary Square, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Prachi Gandhi
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew Baker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Infirmary Square, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sudip Das
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Infirmary Square, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Infirmary Square, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Peter Conboy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Infirmary Square, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Singhavi H, Pai A, Mair M, Singhavi J, Gandhi P, Baker A, Das S, Kumar S, Conboy P. SARS-Cov2: a meta-analysis of symptom distribution by continent in 7310 adult COVID-19 infected patients. Virusdisease 2021; 32:400-409. [PMID: 34124318 PMCID: PMC8187893 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is recent evidence that suggests that there are multiple strains of coronavirus in different parts of the world. Moreover, scientist have noted multiple mutations and postulated that these changes might increase the infective rate of the virus. However literature on varying severity of disease based on these strains is absent. In this meta-analysis, we have made an attempt to correlate the symptoms in different continents with respect to various studied strains of virus. We searched three databases, PubMed, EMBASE and EMCARE to identify studies reporting symptoms of COVID-19. All articles published between December 2019 and May 2020 was included in this meta-analysis. A total of 56 studies consisted of 7310 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Mean age of patients varied from 22 to 69.8 years. The pooled proportion of male patients was 52%. Highest incidence of fever (76%) and cough (56%) was noted in Chinese population. Sore throat (29%) was most common in Asian population. Upper respiratory tract symptom like Rhinorrhoea, Anosmia and dysgeusia (32%, 47% and 39%) were well documented in European population as compared to the other continents. Nausea and diarrhoea were more common in European (17%, 19%) and Australian (12%, 16%) population. Dyspnoea and fatigue were consistently similar in all the continents. We postulate that different mutations in COVID-19 virus may vary its pathogenicity and screening symptoms across all the continents should be not be generalised but continent-specific. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-021-00699-y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ameya Pai
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Manish Mair
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Infirmary Square, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Prachi Gandhi
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew Baker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Infirmary Square, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sudip Das
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Infirmary Square, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Infirmary Square, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Peter Conboy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Infirmary Square, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Bakirci S, Ayan G, Gazel U, Tinazzi I, Solmaz D, Kasapoglu E, Kalyoncu U, Aydin SZ. Patient characteristics and minimal disease activity in psoriatic arthritis: a transcontinental comparison. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:3169-74. [PMID: 33598808 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogeneous disease with both environmental and genetic factors playing a role in this diversity. The aim of this study is to compare the patient profiles and outcomes in PsA patients in three countries from three continents. PsA patients from Turkey (n = 184), Canada (n = 200), and Italy (n = 177) from the Psoriatic Arthritis-International Database (PsArt-ID) were compared for patient demographics, disease features, treatments, and minimal disease activity (MDA) rates. Patient profiles were different across countries, patients from Italy being older [median (Q1-Q3): 59 (51-65)] than patients from Turkey [48 (37-58)] and Canada [55 (44-65)] and Italian patients having more frequent comorbidities and being more frequently smokers. For disease phenotypes, patients from Italy had axial disease less frequently (12%) than others (Turkey 23%, Canada 52%). Similarly, disease activity in patients from Italy was higher with higher tender and swollen joint counts and body surface area for psoriasis. The lowest rate of biologic use was observed in Italy [ Italy: 18.4%, Turkey: 26.1%, Canada: 33.9%]. MDA was achieved more in Canada [OR (CI): Canada vs Italy = 3.326 (1.983-5.577); Canada vs Turkey = 2.392 (1.498-3.818); Turkey vs Italy = 1.391 (0.786-2.460)]. PsA patient characteristics differ across countries which may be leading to differences in treatments and MDA rates. The differences can be a combination of genetic or geographical differences as well as the demographics of the general population in that area. Therefore, the unmet needs of PsA patients may vary globally. Key Points • PsA disease characteristics, phenotypes, activity levels and treatments differ across countries. • Unmet needs of PsA need to be determined individually.
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Sivarajan S, Mani SA, John J, Fayed MMS, Kook YA, Wey MC. The global distribution of permanent canine hypodontia: A systematic review. Korean J Orthod 2021; 51:55-74. [PMID: 33446621 PMCID: PMC7837799 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2021.51.1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically review studies on canine agenesis prevalence in different populations and continents, based on the jaw, sex, location, and associated dental anomalies. Methods Electronic and hand searches of English literature in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, OpenGrey, and Science Direct were conducted, and the authors were contacted when necessary. Observational studies (population-based, hospital/clinic-based, and cross-sectional) were included. For study appraisal and synthesis, duplicate selection was performed independently by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using a modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist, with main outcome of prevalence of canine agenesis. Results The global population prevalence of canine agenesis was 0.30% (0.0-4.7%), highest in Asia (0.54%), followed by Africa (0.33%), and the least in Europe and South America (0.19% in both continents). Canine agenesis was more common in the maxilla (88.57%), followed by both maxilla and mandible (8.57%), and the least common was mandible-only presentation (2.86%). The condition was more common in females (female:male ratio = 1.23), except in Asia (female:male ratio = 0.88) and Africa (female:male ratio = 1). In Asia, unilateral agenesis was almost twice as prevalent as bilateral, but in Europe, the bilateral form was more common. Conclusions The overall prevalence of canine agenesis is 0.30%, with the highest prevalence in Asia, followed by Africa, Europe, and South America. The condition is more common in the maxilla than the mandible, and in females than males (except in Asia and Africa), with unilateral agenesis being more common in Asia and the bilateral form showing a greater prevalence in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Sivarajan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shani Ann Mani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jacob John
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mona M Salah Fayed
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yoon-Ah Kook
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mang Chek Wey
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Martins FC, Cox SC, Irestedt M, Prŷs-Jones RP, Day JJ. A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Afrotropical white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae) highlights prior underestimation of mainland diversity and complex colonisation history. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 149:106843. [PMID: 32330543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
White-eyes (Zosterops) are a hyper-diverse genus of passerine birds that have rapidly radiated across the Afrotropics and Southeast Asia. Despite their broad range, a disproportionately large number of species are currently recognised from islands compared to the mainland. Described species-level diversity of this 'great speciator' from continental Africa-Arabia is strikingly low, despite the vast size and environmental complexity of this region. However, efforts to identify natural groups using traditional approaches have been hindered by the remarkably uniform morphology and plumage of these birds. Here, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships and systematics of Afrotropical Zosterops, including the Gulf of Guinea and western Indian Ocean islands. We included exceptional sampling (~160 individuals) from all except one subspecies of the 55 taxa (32 species, plus 23 additional named sub-species) currently recognized throughout the region, in addition to a subset of extra-Afrotropical taxa, by exploiting blood and archival samples. Employing a multi-locus phylogenetic approach and applying quantitative species delimitation we tested: (1) if there has been a single colonisation event of the Afrotropical realm; (2) if constituent mainland and island birds are monophyletic; and (3) if mainland diversity has been underestimated. Our comprehensive regional phylogeny revealed a single recent colonisation of the Afrotropical realm c.1.30 Ma from Asia, but a subsequent complex colonisation history between constituent island and mainland lineages during their radiation across this vast area. Our findings suggest a significant previous underestimation of continental species diversity and, based on this, we propose a revised taxonomy. Our study highlights the need to densely sample species diversity across ranges, providing key findings for future conservation assessments and establishing a robust framework for evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico C Martins
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Siobhan C Cox
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Herts HP23 6AP, UK
| | - Martin Irestedt
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, Stockholm 10405, Sweden
| | - Robert P Prŷs-Jones
- Bird Group, Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Akeman Street, Tring, Herts HP23 6AP, UK
| | - Julia J Day
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Rafeey M, Ghojazadeh M, Mehdizadeh A, Hazrati H, Vahedi L. Intercontinental comparison of caustic ingestion in children. Korean J Pediatr 2015; 58:491-500. [PMID: 26770225 PMCID: PMC4705330 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2015.58.12.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the caustic ingestion in children among different continents according to demographic characteristics (core purpose), main symptoms, common caustic agents, signs and symptoms, management, treatment and complications. Methods This systematic review was performed by searching the databases Science Direct, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and PubMed, electronically and manually. We included studies that were published from 1980 to 2013, at University of Medical Sciences of Tabriz, Iran. A strategic search was performed with keywords including caustic, corrosive, ingestion and children, and was limited to articles in English and Persian. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS ver. 18. Results Of 63 selected articles of caustic ingestion with 9,888 samples, the proportion of Africa was 3 articles (4.8%) and 95 samples (1%), America 9 articles (14.3%) and 305 sample (3%), Asia 29 articles (46%) and 2,780 samples (28.1%), Europe 17 articles (27%) and 3,002 samples (30.4%), and Oceania 5 articles (7.9%) and 3,706 samples (37.5%). The average age was in the Africa 3.07±2.02 years, America 3.17±1.83 years, Asia 3.34±1.58 years, Europe 3.58±2.09 years and Oceania 3.52±2.02 years. Sex distribution was in Africa 76 males (0.91%) and 19 females (0.23%), America 49 males (0.58%) and 41 females (0.49%), Asia 1,575 males (18.76%) and 1,087 females (12.95%), Europe 1,018 males (12.13%) and 823 females (9.8%), and Oceania 1,918 males (22.85%) and 1,788 females (21.3%). Statistical analysis of the data indicated higher consumption in Europe and Oceania in the boys with higher average age of years. Conclusion The comparison of caustic ingestion indicated that the cause substances of caustic ingestion in children are different among continents, therefore prevention strategy and different treatment guidelines among continents will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Rafeey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tabriz Children's Hospital, Tabriz University Medical Sciences, Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Hazrati
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Vahedi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Rakhshan V, Rakhshan H. Meta-analysis of congenitally missing teeth in the permanent dentition: Prevalence, variations across ethnicities, regions and time. Int Orthod 2015; 13:261-73. [PMID: 26279516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenitally missing teeth (CMT) are of concern to many fields of dentistry. Only a few reviews have been published in this regard. AIM The aim was to analyze the literature on CMT in the permanent dentition, excluding the third molars, and to identify potential links with ethnicity, geographical regions, and time. METHODS A total of 118 reports on CMT were collected by two authors by interrogating databases. Sample homogeneity, publication bias, publication year (in Caucasian and Mongoloid samples, and in general), ethnicities, and geography of CMT prevalence were statistically analyzed using a Q-test, Egger regression, linear regression, a Spearman coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis, a Dunn post-hoc (α = 0.05), and a Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.0125, α = 0.0071). RESULTS The mean CMT prevalence was 6.53% ± 3.33%. There were significant geographic differences in CMT rates (P = 0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis) and between ethnicities (P = 0.0002, Kruskal-Wallis). According to the Mann-Whitney U test (α = 0.0071), eastern Asians (P = 0.0008) and Europeans (marginally significant, P = 0.0128) showed an elevated prevalence, while Western Asians (P = 0.0001) and Americans (marginally significant, P = 0.0292) had lower prevalence rates. Compared with other ethnicities, Mongoloids showed higher prevalence (P = 0.0009) while Asian Caucasians showed lower rates (P = 0.0005, Mann-Whitney U, α = 0.0125). The year of publication was not significantly correlated with any of the subsamples studied (P > 0.3, linear regression). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be vigilant in the assessment of CMT in Mongoloids. No increase of this condition was detected during the last century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Rakhshan
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Dental Anatomy and Morphology, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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