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Xu M, Ren H, Liu C, Zhao X, Li X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of root morphology and canal configuration of permanent premolars using cone-beam computed tomography. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:656. [PMID: 38835024 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of root canal treatment is greatly impacted by a thorough understanding of root canal anatomy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to thoroughly investigate the root morphology and canal configuration (RMCC) of permanent premolars (PMs). METHODOLOGY A comprehensive analysis was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature exploration was carried out across four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science). The risk of bias assessment was conducted for the included studies utilizing the Anatomical Quality Assessment (AQUA) tool. Data analysis was performed utilizing SPSS and RevMAN5.3.3. The meta-analysis was applied with a 95% confidence interval to calculate odds ratios (OR). RESULTS Among the 82 selected studies, 59 studies exhibited potential bias in domain one (objective(s) and subject characteristics), followed by domain three (methodology characterization). The majority of maxillary PM1s had either single root (46.7%) or double roots (51.9%), while three-rooted variants were uncommon (1.4%). Conversely, most other PMs exhibited a single root. In terms of canal configuration, maxillary PM1s predominantly featured double distinct canals (87.2%), with the majority of maxillary PM2s displaying either a single canal (51.4%) or double canals (48.3%). Mandibular PMs were primarily characterized by single canals, accounting for 78.3% of mandibular PM1s and 90.3% of mandibular PM2s. Subgroup analyses revealed higher incidences of single-rooted and single-canalled PMs among Asians compared to Caucasians. Additionally, women exhibited a higher incidence of single-rooted PMs, while men showed a greater frequency of double-rooted PMs. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive analysis indicated that maxillary PM1s predominantly possess double roots and double canals, whereas maxillary PM2s and mandibular PMs were primarily characterized by single-rooted with a single canal. Notably, single root and single canal were more prevalent among women and Asian samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Xu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huiying Ren
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Congrui Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, A301 Virtual University Park in South District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of stomatology, Jinan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality, Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, A301 Virtual University Park in South District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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Syed GA, Pullishery F, Alhazmi KA, Nazer MI, Alkhamis A, Meer FMS, Halteet FA, Sendiyoni AMI, Taher AOH. CBCT Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolar in Saudi Subpopulation. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1619-S1622. [PMID: 38882762 PMCID: PMC11174182 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1048_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Clinicians must possess a comprehensive understanding of variations in canal morphology and configuration during endodontic procedures to enhance treatment success. This study aims to assess and analyze the canal configurations of maxillary first premolars using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography within the sub-population of Western Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, following the acquisition of ethical clearance from Batterjee Medical College in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, a retrospective examination of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of maxillary first premolars in adult patients was conducted. The study focused on quantifying the number of canals and characterizing their configurations, with classification based on Vertucci's categorization. Results The study examined 399 CBCT images of maxillary first premolars, revealing that type IV canal configurations were the predominant morphology (56.9%), followed by type V (24.6%). Significant gender-related disparities were observed, with females displaying a higher incidence of types I and V canals. At the same time, males exhibited a greater prevalence of types IV and VI canals. Notably, no substantial associations were discerned between canal types and age groups. Conclusion Within the context of maxillary first premolars, type IV canal configuration emerged as the most prevalent. Gender-based distinctions were evident, with females predominantly presenting types I and V canal configurations, whereas males displayed a higher occurrence of types IV and VI canal configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gufaran A Syed
- Endodontic Division, Faculty of Dentistry, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Pullishery
- Department of Community Dental Practice, Faculty of Dentistry, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alhazmi
- Dental Intern, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed I Nazer
- Dental Intern, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alkhamis
- Dental Intern, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernas M S Meer
- Dental Intern, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firas A Halteet
- Dental Intern, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assil M I Sendiyoni
- Dental Intern, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Aljawhar AM, Ibrahim N, Abdul Aziz A, Ahmed HMA, Azami NH. Characterization of the root and canal anatomy of maxillary premolar teeth in an Iraqi subpopulation: a cone beam computed tomography study. Odontology 2024; 112:570-587. [PMID: 37957521 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the number of roots and root canal morphology types of maxillary premolars in relation to a patient's gender and age in an Iraqi population using two classification systems. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 1116 maxillary premolars from 385 patients were evaluated for the number of roots and root canal morphology types according to Vertucci's classification and Ahmed et al. classification systems. Differences in the number of roots and root canal morphology types with regard to tooth type, patients' gender and age groups were evaluated and the degree of bilateral symmetry was determined. Chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. About 51.1% of the 1st premolars were double rooted. The majority (87.9%) of the 2nd premolars were single rooted. The three-rooted form presented in only 1.2% and 0.7% of the 1st and 2nd premolars, respectively. Vertucci Type IV (Ahmed et al. code 2MaxP B1P1) and Vertucci Type I (Ahmed et al. code 1MaxP1) were the most common canal morphology types in the 1st and 2nd premolars, respectively. Females showed a lower number of roots and a higher prevalence of Vertucci Type I configuration (P < 0.05). Younger age groups showed a higher prevalence of Vertucci Type I configuration (P < 0.05). Bilateral symmetry was seen in more than half of the maxillary premolars. There is a considerable variation in the number of roots and root canal configurations of maxillary premolars in the studied Iraqi population, with a significant difference by gender and age groups. Ahmed et al. classification provided more accurate presentation of the root and canal anatomy in maxillary premolars compared to Vertucci's classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Mohammed Aljawhar
- Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ibrahim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azwatee Abdul Aziz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayati Azami
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Feng Y, Wang H, Xu S, Huang J, Pei Q, Wang Z. The detection of Gper1 as an important gene promoting jawbone regeneration in the context of estrogen deficiency. Bone 2024; 180:116990. [PMID: 38141748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that estrogen deficiency inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblasts in skeleton by affecting osteogenic signaling, lead to decreased bone mass and impaired regeneration. To explore the mechanisms maintaining bone regeneration under estrogen deficiency, we randomly selected 1102 clinical cases, in which female patients aged between 18 and 75 have underwent tooth extraction in Stomatological Hospital of Tongji University, there is little difference in the healing effect of extraction defects, suggesting that to some extent, the regeneration of jawbone is insensitive to the decreased estrogen level. To illuminate the mechanisms promoting jawbone regeneration under estrogen deficiency, a tooth extraction defect model was established in the maxilla of female rats who underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery, and jawbone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated for single-cell sequencing. Further quantitative PCR, RNA interference, alizarin red staining, immunohistochemistry and western blotting experiments demonstrated that in the context of ovariectomy, maxillary defects promoted G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (Gper1) expression, stimulate downstream cAMP/PKA/pCREB signaling, and facilitate cell proliferation, and thus provided sufficient progenitors for osteogenesis and enhanced the regeneration capacity of the jawbone. Correspondingly, the heterozygous deletion of the Gper1 gene attenuated the phosphorylation of CREB, led to decreased cell proliferation, and impaired the restoration of maxillary defects. This study demonstrates the importance of Gper1 in maintaining jawbone regeneration, especially in the context of estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No.399 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Haicheng Wang
- Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No.399 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Shuyu Xu
- Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No.399 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No.399 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Qingguo Pei
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Zuolin Wang
- Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No.399 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, PR China.
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Gu Q, Zhao H, Zhu T, Lu Y, Lin Y, Yuan H, Lan M. Oriented assembly of hydrophilic nanochains modified by porous zirconium-based coordination polymers for glycopeptides analysis. Talanta 2024; 267:125165. [PMID: 37688895 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycoproteomics research requires additional sample pretreatment to improve the effective identification of low-abundance glycopeptides without interference from non-glycoproteins. Herein, an attractive strategy using resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) resin and zirconium-based coordination polymer (Zr-BCP) was established to prepare one-dimensional porous coordination polymer composites for glycopeptide enrichment before MS analysis. The obtained Fe3O4@RF@Zr-BCP nanochains feature excellent magnetic response (42.26 emu/g), high hydrophilicity (16.0°), and large specific surface area (140.84 m2/g), which provides abundant affinity sites for specific capture of glycopeptides. The materials exhibit outstanding performance in the enrichment of glycopeptides in terms of sensitivity (15 fmol/μL IgG), selectivity (1:200, molar ratio of IgG/BSA), loading capacity (200 mg/g) and recovery (106.4 ± 3.5%). In addition, the developed method based on Fe3O4@RF@Zr-BCP has been successfully applied to capture glycopeptides in tryptic digest of mouse teratoma cell extracts. It is worth emphasizing that compared with dispersed nanoparticles, the one-dimensional chain structure brings extraordinary reusability to Fe3O4@RF@Zr-BCP nanochains, which is conducive to the rapid cyclic enrichment of glycopeptides. This present work provides a potential enrichment platform for comprehensive glycoprotein analysis, and opens a new avenue for the application of oriented-assembly nanochains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfan Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Martins JNR, Versiani MA. Worldwide Assessment of the Root and Root Canal Characteristics of Maxillary Premolars - A Multi-center Cone-beam Computed Tomography Cross-sectional Study With Meta-analysis. J Endod 2024; 50:31-54. [PMID: 37898333 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This worldwide study examined the root and root canal characteristics of maxillary premolars and explored how demographic factors impact the outcomes. METHODS Observers from 44 countries assessed 26,400 maxillary premolars using cone-beam computed tomography and employed a standardized screening method to gather data on multiple canal morphology and 3-rooted configuration (primary outcomes), as well as secondary outcomes related to root and root canal anatomies. Demographic factors such as ethnicity, sex, and age were collected for each participant. The intra- and inter-observer tests ensured observer reliability. Primary outcomes were represented as odds ratios and untransformed proportions accompanied by 95% confidence interval (CI) forest plots. Meta-analysis compared sub-groups and identified sources of heterogeneity (α = 5%). RESULTS The overall prevalence of multiple canal morphology in the first premolar was 93.5% (95% CI, 93.3%-94.7%), while in the second premolar, it was 49.7% (95% CI, 44.9%-54.6%). The proportion of 3-rooted configuration was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.1%) in the first premolar and 0.4% (95% CI, 0.3%-0.5%) in the second. Asian countries generally displayed fewer roots and root canals, while European nations showed higher counts (P < .05). Males exhibited higher percentages and odds ratios for both outcomes in both premolars. Younger patients demonstrated lower percentages of multiple root canal morphologies (P < .05). Factors such as tooth side, voxel size and field-of-view did not influence the outcomes (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The worldwide assessment of root and root canal characteristics of maxillary premolars has revealed a discernible influence of various factors such as tooth type, geographical region, ethnicity, sex, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge N R Martins
- Department of Endodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE) - Cochrane Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marco A Versiani
- Dental Specialty Center, Brazilian Military Police, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Erkan E, Olcay K, Eyüboğlu TF, Şener E, Gündoğar M. Assessment of the canal anatomy of the premolar teeth in a selected Turkish population: a cone-beam computed tomography study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:403. [PMID: 37337200 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teeth may have additional roots and a different number of root canals. Overlooked root canals may cause endodontic failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of root canals and the number of roots of premolars in a selected Turkish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2,570 teeth from 1,438 patients were evaluated. The cone-beam computed tomography scans of 1,055 maxillary and 1,515 mandibular premolars were examined. RESULTS Type IV root canal morphology was observed most frequently in maxillary first premolars (77%), and the rates of single and double channel formations were very similar (51% and 49%, respectively). Of the second maxillary premolars, 57.4% had Type I morphology, and 89.9% of the teeth were single-rooted, while 68.6% had a single root canal. The most common formation was Type I (85%) among mandibular first premolars, and a single root was observed in 95.6% of these teeth. In addition, 87% of the mandibular first premolars had a single root canal. The second mandibular premolars mostly had Type I (95.4%) formation, and 99.3% of the teeth were single-rooted, while 96.9% had a single root canal. CONCLUSION According to our findings, 51% of maxillary first premolars had a single root, 79.4% had two root canals, and 77% had Type IV (77%) formation. Maxillary second premolars mostly had Type I formation. In addition, a single root and single root canal formation were most common. Mandibular first premolars generally had a single root and single root canal formation, but 13% had two root canals, and 6.4% had Type V formation. More than 95% of mandibular second premolars had Type I formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Erkan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Medipol Mega Dental Hospital, Istanbul Medipol University, TEM Avrupa Otoyolu Goztepe No: 1, Bagcilar, Istanbul, 34214, Turkey.
| | - Keziban Olcay
- Department of Endodontics School of Dentistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Kocamustafapasa Cad. No: 34/E, Cerrahpasa, Fatih, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey
| | - Tan Fırat Eyüboğlu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Ataturk Blvd., No: 27, Unkapanı, Fatih, Istanbul, 34083, Turkey
| | - Elif Şener
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Erzene Mah. Ankara Cad. No: 172/109, Bornova, Izmir, 35040, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gündoğar
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Medipol Mega Dental Hospital, Istanbul Medipol University, TEM Avrupa Otoyolu Goztepe No: 1, Bagcilar, Istanbul, 34214, Turkey
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Alnaqbi HS, Gorduysus MO, Al Shehadat S, Al Bayatti SW, Mahmoud I. Evaluation of Variations in Root Canal Anatomy and Morphology of Permanent Maxillary Premolars among the Emirate Population using CBCT. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2208152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Many types of research have revealed that root canal anatomy differs by race and country based on various national populations, but no study has been conducted on the UAE population.
Objectives:
Identifying the most common morphology of the upper premolars in a group of local and non-local people in the UAE.
Methods:
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 215 intact maxillary premolars were analyzed. The Pearson Chi-squared test and the two samples t-test were applied.
Results:
Most of the maxillary first premolars were two-root formed (90%). Single-rooted teeth were less common (8%). Three-rooted maxillary first premolars represented a low frequency of 1.9%. Most of the maxillary second premolar teeth studied in this research (52%) had two roots. Almost all local and non-local populations had two canals for both first and second maxillary premolar. Only two maxillary first premolars (0.2%) had the three-canal morphology. The most frequent canal morphology in the maxillary first premolar group among local UAE and non-local was type V. The maxillary second premolar group among local UAE was type II (32%). In non-local UAE, type V (25%). In addition, six types of uncommon canal anatomic variants (types 1-2-3, 2-3-2, 3-2-1, 1-2-3-2, 2-1-2-1, and 3-2) were discovered in 3.7% of local UAE and 36.3% of non-local UAE.
Conclusion:
The results suggest a more quantitative approach to maxillary first and second premolar access cavity preparation in the UAE population to prevent errors and iatrogenic damage when identifying the canals.
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Huang W, Yang J, Li Y. Cone-beam computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction aids treatment of three root canals with severe curvature in maxillary first premolar: a case report. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221105361. [PMID: 35722910 PMCID: PMC9344185 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The maxillary first premolar commonly has one or two root canals; the presence of three
canals is rare. These root canals are easily missed during treatment, resulting in failure
of root canal therapy. The present report describes a case in which three root canals in
the maxillary first premolar were diagnosed by cone-beam computed tomography. The
herein-described patient was successfully treated using three-dimensional reconstruction
technology to determine the form and direction of curvature of the root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Huang
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University; The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province; Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University; The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province; Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University; The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province; Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Diab H, Al-Sheeb F, Diab A, Marouf N, Al Obaid M, Lari M. A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study of Root Anatomy, Canal Morphology and Bilateral Symmetry of Permanent Maxillary Premolar Teeth Among the Qatari Subpopulation. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v16-e2204260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives:
The study aims to evaluate the root anatomy, canal morphology, and symmetry of maxillary premolars teeth in a Qatari subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods:
544 CBCT images of Qatari patients were analyzed by two endodontists. Tooth position, number of roots, canal configuration, and number of canals per root were investigated. A chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between gender and the number of roots. The interexaminer and intraexaminer were performed and documented.
Results:
The most common root anatomy and canal morphology observed in maxillary first premolars (MFP) were two roots (70.6%) with a single canal per root, while in maxillary second premolars (MSP), there was one root (84.3%) with a single canal (83%).
Type I Vertucci morphology was predominated in all roots of two-rooted MFP (97%), three-rooted MFP (100%), single-rooted MSP (42%), and two-rooted MSP (100%). The Chi-square test showed an association between gender and number of roots in both MFP and MSP, with a higher number of roots seen in men(P<0.05).
A symmetrical pattern was observed in the number of roots and canals in both maxillary premolars. But the symmetry for the type of canal configuration is higher in MFP (78%) than MSP (54%).
Conclusion:
In the Qatari subpopulation, most MFP had two roots with a predominance of type I Vertucci, while MSP had one root with type I. Contralateral MSP showed more diversity in canal configuration that should be considered during root canal treatment. CBCT is an effective diagnostic tool to investigate root anatomy and canal morphology.
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Olczak K, Pawlicka H, Szymański W. Root and canal morphology of the maxillary second premolars as indicated by cone beam computed tomography. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 49:92-103. [PMID: 35502481 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the morphology of maxillary second premolars. The root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci and a new system by Ahmed et al. based on CBCT images. In addition, the number of roots and the level where they bifurcated were identified, and morphological measurements were performed based on anatomical landmarks. Single-rooted forms were most common. Bifurcation occurred most often in the middle part of the root. The most common canal configuration was type I according to Vertucci and code 1 SP1 according to the new classification. The measurements showing the results were as follows (mm): palatal cusp/buccal cusp/the lowest point of the occlusal surface to pulp chamber ceiling 6.18/6.54/4.77; the ceiling of the pulp chamber was found at the CEJ in 92.28% of the specimens. The maxillary second premolars tended to be single-rooted and with one root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Olczak
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Halina Pawlicka
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Szymański
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Karobari MI, Arshad S, Noorani TY, Ahmed N, Basheer SN, Peeran SW, Marya A, Marya CM, Messina P, Scardina GA. Root and Root Canal Configuration Characterization Using Microcomputed Tomography: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092287. [PMID: 35566414 PMCID: PMC9099997 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review’s objective was to conduct a complete analysis of the literature on the root canal morphology using advanced micro-computed tomography. The electronic web databases PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were examined for research papers concerning the chosen keywords, evaluating the root canal morphology using Micro-CT, published up to 2021. The articles were searched using MeSH keywords and searched digitally on four specialty journal websites. DARE2 extended (Database of Attributes of Reviews of Effects) was used to assess bias risk. The information was gathered from 18 published studies that strictly met the criteria for inclusion. In the included studies, a total of 6696 samples were studied. The studies were conducted on either maxillary (n-2222) or mandibular teeth (n-3760), permanent anteriors (n-625), and Third molars (n-89). To scan samples, a Scanco Medical machine in was used in 10 studies, Bruker Micro-CT in 34, and seven other machines were utilized in the rest. Bruker Micro-CT software from Kontich, Belgium, VG-Studio Max 2.2 software from Volume Graphics, Heidelberg, Germany, was the most commonly used software. The minimum Voxel size (resolution) adopted in the included studies was 11.6 µm. However, 60 µm was the maximum. Most studies classified the root canal morphology using Vertucci’s classification system (n-16) and the four-digit system (n-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (M.I.K.); (T.Y.N.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Sohaib Arshad
- Periodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Tahir Yusuf Noorani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.I.K.); (T.Y.N.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Syed Nahid Basheer
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Wali Peeran
- Department of Periodontics, Armed Forces Hospital Jizan, Jazan 82722, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anand Marya
- Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Charu Mohan Marya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad 121002, Haryana, India;
| | - Pietro Messina
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.I.K.); (T.Y.N.); (G.A.S.)
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Aljuailan R. Root and root canal morphology of maxillary premolars in the Saudi population: A review of literature. SAUDI ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sej.sej_35_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Animal bodies in general and faces in particular show mirror symmetry with respect to the median-sagittal plane, with exceptions rarely occurring. Bilateral symmetry to the median sagittal plane of the body also evolved very early. From an evolutionary point of view, it should therefore have fundamental advantages, e.g., more effective locomotion and chewing abilities. On the other hand, the recognition of bilaterally symmetric patterns is an important module in our visual perception. In particular, the recognition of faces with different spatial orientations and their identification is strongly related to the recognition of bilateral symmetry. Maxillofacial surgery and Dentistry affect effective masticatory function and perceived symmetry of the lower third of the face. Both disciplines have the ability to eliminate or mitigate asymmetries with respect to form and function. In our review, we will demonstrate symmetric structures from single teeth to the whole face. We will further describe different approaches to quantify cranial, facial and dental asymmetries by using either landmarks or 3D surface models. Severe facial asymmetries are usually caused by malformations such as hemifacial hyperplasia, injury or other diseases such as Noma or head and neck cancer. This could be an important sociobiological reason for a correlation between asymmetry and perceived disfigurement. The aim of our review is to show how facial symmetry and attractiveness are related and in what way dental and facial structures and the symmetry of their shape and color influence aesthetic perception. We will further demonstrate how modern technology can be used to improve symmetry in facial prostheses and maxillofacial surgery.
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Yan Y, Li J, Zhu H, Liu J, Ren J, Zou L. CBCT evaluation of root canal morphology and anatomical relationship of root of maxillary second premolar to maxillary sinus in a western Chinese population. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:358. [PMID: 34284763 PMCID: PMC8290624 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the root anatomy, root canal morphology and the anatomical relationship between the roots and maxillary sinus of maxillary second premolars by CBCT in a western Chinese population. METHODS A total of 1118 CBCT scans of the maxillary second premolars were collected from West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University. Information below were measured on axial, coronal and sagittal sections, recorded and evaluated properly: the number of roots and canals, the morphology of canal system classified by Vertucci standard, the inter-orifice distance of canal orifices, the curvature of each canal and the distance from root tip to maxillary sinus floor. RESULTS Among the 1118 teeth, 94.2% (1053) are single-rooted and 55.1% (616) have one canal. Type I (55.1%) is the commonest root canal morphology followed by Type II (31.9%). The mean inter-orifice distance (IOD) for multi-canal teeth ranging from 2.72 ± 0.32 to 3.41 ± 0.11 mm. Of 1622 canals, 38.8% (630) curvature are mesiodistal and 30.9% (501) are straight canals. The distance from root tip to maxillary sinus floor increased with age and the mean distance of single-rooted ones is 2.47 ± 3.45 mm. CONCLUSIONS All kinds of canal morphology category can be detected in maxillary second premolars. The IOD might be a predictable factor for root canal morphology. Roots of maxillary second premolars are related to maxillary sinus which should be treated carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - JingLin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hualing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 , China
| | - Jiayin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Radiology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Second Premolars in a Pakistani Cohort. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate variations in the root canal morphology of maxillary second premolar (MSP) teeth using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Sixty (N = 60) human extracted MSPs were collected and prepared for micro-CT scanning. The duration for scanning a single sample ranged between 30 and 40 min and a three-dimensional (3-D) image was obtained for all the MSPs. The images were evaluated by a single observer who recorded the canal morphology type, number of roots, canal orifices, apical foramina(s), apical delta(s), and accessory canals. The root canal configuration was categorized in agreement with Vertucci’s classification, and any configuration not in agreement with Vertucci’s classification was reported as an “additional canal configuration”. Descriptive statistics (such as mean percentages) were calculated using SPSS software. The most common types agreeing with Vertucci’s classification (in order of highest to lowest incidence) were types I, III, V, VII, II, and VI. The teeth also exhibited four additional configurations that were different from Vertucci’s classification: types 2-3, 1-2-3, 2-1-2-1, and 1-2-1-3. A single root was found in 96.7% and the majority of the samples demonstrated two canals (73.3%). Further, 80% of the teeth showed one canal orifice. The number of apical foramina’s in the teeth was variable, with 56.7% having solitary apical foramen. The accessory canal was found in 33.3%, and apical delta was found in only 20% of the samples. Variable morphology of the MSPs was detected in our study. The canal configuration most prevalent was type 1; however, the results also revealed some additional canal types.
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Alghamdi FT, Khalil WA. Root canal morphology and symmetry of mandibular second premolars using cone-beam computed tomography. Oral Radiol 2021; 38:126-138. [PMID: 33963988 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-021-00534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aims to investigate the morphology and symmetry of root canals of mandibular second premolar teeth via Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) among a sample of the Saudi population. METHODS A total of 1200 CBCT images were examined in the study. The number of roots in the mandibular second premolars was identified, and canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci classification. Bilateral symmetry and association between gender and number of roots and root canal configuration were investigated using a chi-square test was utilized for data analysis and p value was set at 0.05 for significance. RESULTS Of the total 2400 Mandibular second premolars, 98.33% were single rooted and 1.67% were double rooted. The prevalence of double roots in females on the right side was significantly higher than that on the left side (p = 0.017), but the opposite was found among males. Only Type I and II canal configurations showed significant differences regarding gender and sides. 98.0% of teeth showed the symmetrical number of roots in both genders. The symmetry in canal configuration was 96.7% in males and 97.3% in females and 99.1% was Type I in both sides, 0.5% Type III, and 0.3% Type IV in both sides. CONCLUSIONS The root morphology of mandibular second premolars in the Saudi population demonstrated a high degree of variability. The vast majority of mandibular premolars have a single root with one canal and a low prevalence of two rooted teeth. Contralateral mandibular second premolars exhibited great symmetry of roots and root canal configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal T Alghamdi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wafaa A Khalil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Qiao X, Xu T, Chen L, Yang D. Analysis of Root Canal Curvature and Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Guizhou, China. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928758. [PMID: 33439855 PMCID: PMC7812699 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the root canal curvature and morphology of maxillary posterior teeth in Guizhou, China, to provide references for clinical practice. Material/Methods We collected 274 maxillary posterior teeth in Guizhou Province, China. The root canal curvature was observed by X-ray film measurement. Two hundred teeth were selected to make transparent tooth models, and root canal configuration was recorded according to Vertucci classification criteria. The position of the MB2 root canal orifice and the mesiobuccal root canal configuration were observed by micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) scanning. The t test and the chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results The root canals of the maxillary posterior teeth showed more significant curvature in the mesiodistal direction than in the buccolingual direction (P<0.05). The MB2 root canal of maxillary molars showed severe bending in the mesiodistal direction: 25.16±6.6 degrees and 28.05±8.65 degrees in first and second molars, respectively. The detection rate of MB2 was 48% in maxillary first molars and 32% in maxillary second molars. The results of micro-CT showed that the vertical distances between the MB2 and MB-P line were 0.64±0.34 mm and 0.57±0.28 mm in first and second molars, respectively. Conclusions The root canal morphology and curvature of maxillary posterior teeth varied greatly in the Guizhou population, which increases the difficulty of treatment. It is necessary for clinicians to gain understanding of the root canal and to improve the success rate of root canal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Tingting Xu
- Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Gill G, Malik S, Singla R, Jain N, Kumar T, Arora S. Evaluation of root canal anatomy of maxillary premolars in a North Indian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography. ENDODONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/endo.endo_128_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Karunakaran JV, Kaliyaperumal A, Nagappan R, Swaminathan SK, Arthanari KK, Sujith Samuel L. Root Form and Morphology of Human Permanent Maxillary First Premolars of an Indo-Dravidian Population Based in Southern India: An In Vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S601-S606. [PMID: 33149528 PMCID: PMC7595493 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_212_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze root form and morphology of human maxillary first permanent premolars of an Indo-Dravidian population from southern India. Materials and Methods: Eight hundred and twenty-two maxillary first permanent premolars were cleansed and stored appropriately. Morphology and root form analysed, segregated into Groups (Gps): Gp I, Gp II, and Gp III, and later divided into subgroups (SGs) based on specific criteria. Gp I was divided into two SGs: SG A (minimal or absence of grooving in the root) (n = 252) and SG B (clear and defined longitudinal groove in the root) (n = 104), and Gp II was divided into SG C (roots dividing in coronal one-third) (n = 154), SG D (roots dividing in the middle one-third) (n = 158), and SG E (roots dividing in the apical one third) (n = 138). Gp III consisted of only one SG F (teeth with three roots) (n = 16). The groups were analyzed separately, their external root form and morphology were recorded. Root form was analyzed, and results were tabulated. This study was compared with other studies and statistically analyzed. Results: Gp II was common with an incidence of 54.74%. Gp I was the next most common with an incidence of 43.3%. Gp III was the least common with an incidence of 1.94%. The number and distribution of roots was also computed. Six types of root form were identified (Type [Ty] A = 30.65%, Ty B = 12.65%, Ty C = 18.73%, Ty D = 19.22%, Ty E = 16.78%, and Ty F = 1.94%). Conclusion: Awareness and assessment of root form, number preoperatively with regard to specific populations before initiation will pave way for successful outcome of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anbarasi Kaliyaperumal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Ragavendran Nagappan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College & Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Senthil Kumar Swaminathan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College & Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kaneesh Karthik Arthanari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, JKK Nataraja Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Leo Sujith Samuel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, JKK Nataraja Dental College & Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India
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Wolf TG, Kozaczek C, Campus G, Paqué F, Wierichs RJ. Root Canal Morphology of 116 Maxillary Second Premolars by Micro-Computed Tomography in a Mixed Swiss-German Population with Systematic Review. J Endod 2020; 46:1639-1647. [PMID: 32822696 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this investigation was to examine the root canal system morphology of maxillary second premolars (Mx2Ps) of a Swiss-German population by means of micro-computed tomography and provide systematic review of the root canal configuration (RCC) literature of Mx2Ps. METHODS The RCC, main foramina as well as accessory canals and foramina frequency of 116 Mx2Ps, were investigated by means of micro-computed tomography and 3-dimensional software imaging. The RCC from the coronal to apical thirds of the root as well as the main foramina number were described by using a four-digit system code. The literature review follows the PRISMA guideline analyzing randomized controlled trials and cross-sectional, cohort, comparative, validation, and evaluation studies on RCC in Embase, grey literature, PubMed, and Scopus. RESULTS Most frequently observed RCCs of Mx2Ps were 1-1-1/1 (35.3%), 1-1-1/2 (21.6%), and 2-1-1/1 (14.7%). Another 11 less frequent RCCs were observed. All Mx2Ps had 1 root. One main foramen was observed in 59.5% and two in 37.9%. Accessory foramina were observed in 46.6%. Thirty-one percent of the Mx2Ps showed accessory canals. One connecting canal between the buccal and palatal was observed in 12.1%. CONCLUSIONS Detailed RCC information of Mx2Ps in a Swiss-German population and the results of a systematic literature review of different populations and research methods used to investigate root canal morphology and configuration of Mx2Ps are given. Within the limitations of the study, a high RCC, connecting and accessory canals variability occur in maxillary second premolars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christoph Kozaczek
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Frank Paqué
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, Department of Endodontology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Johannes Wierichs
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Martins JN, Kishen A, Marques D, Nogueira Leal Silva EJ, Caramês J, Mata A, Versiani MA. Preferred Reporting Items for Epidemiologic Cross-sectional Studies on Root and Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Technology: A Systematized Assessment. J Endod 2020; 46:915-935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Wu D, Hu DQ, Xin BC, Sun DG, Ge ZP, Su JY. Root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular first premolars analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography in a Shandong Chinese population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20116. [PMID: 32443322 PMCID: PMC7254478 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the root morphology and root canal configuration of first premolars among Shandong Chinese residents using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Randomly selected CBCT images were collected from 648 patients (44% women, 56% men). In total, 1268 maxillary and 1296 mandibular first premolars were analyzed. The number of roots and the canal configuration were recorded and identified based on Vertucci's classification.The majority of the maxillary first premolars had 1 root (67.4%), followed by 2 roots (32%). A 2-canal configuration (89%) was the most prevalent observation. For mandibular first premolars, 98.8% had 1 root and 81% presented the type I configuration. There were no statistical differences in the number of roots or morphology in terms of the left/right side or sex (P > .05).Among Chinese residents, the majority of maxillary first premolars had 1 root and 2 canals, whereas the most common anatomical configuration for mandibular first premolars was 1 root with 1 canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Radiology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital
| | - Dan-qing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bing-chang Xin
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Radiology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital
| | - De-gang Sun
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Radiology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital
| | - Zhi-pu Ge
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Radiology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital
| | - Jing-yuan Su
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Radiology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital
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Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary First Premolar by Microscopic Computed Tomography in a Chinese Adolescent Subpopulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4327046. [PMID: 31828103 PMCID: PMC6881762 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4327046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the root morphology and root canal anatomy of maxillary first premolar using microscopic computed tomography (micro-CT). Methods 324 maxillary first premolars were collected and scanned. The root and canal diameter, canal wall thickness, root taper, and cross-sectional shapes were determined in the single root with 1 canal (SR1C), single root with 2 canals (SR2C), and 2 roots with 2 canals (2R2C) by micro-CT. Results The results showed that single-rooted maxillary premolars were more common than other types. The incidence of SR1C, SR2C, and 2R2C reached 25%, 26.39%, and 26.39%, respectively. Root and canal diameters and canal wall thickness were decreased from coronal third to apical foramen. The three parameters and canal taper showed increases from buccal and palatal (BP) to mesiodistal (MD) aspects. The root canal tapers were smallest of the middle third level. The findings showed the different variations in 2R2C teeth. The root canal cross-sectional morphology in maxillary first premolars is complicated, including round, oval, long oval, flat canal, and irregular canal shapes. The distribution varied in different aspects. Conclusion Root canal morphology showed a wide variation and complicated structure. The single-rooted teeth were more common in the Chinese adolescent population, and the majority of maxillary first premolars have two canals.
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Prevalence Studies on Root Canal Anatomy Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Imaging: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2019; 45:372-386.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Borghesi A, Michelini S, Zigliani A, Tonni I, Maroldi R. Three-rooted maxillary first premolars incidentally detected on cone beam CT: an in vivo study. Surg Radiol Anat 2019; 41:461-468. [PMID: 30721338 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-019-02198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the incidence and analyze the morphology of three-rooted maxillary first premolars (MFPs) incidentally detected on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. METHODS Of 1328 patients who underwent CBCT scans of the maxilla, only patients with three-rooted MFPs were selected. Morphological features, including the lengths and diameters of palatal, mesiobuccal (MB) and distobuccal (DB) roots, the positions of bucco-palatal (B-P) bifurcations, the distances between root canal bifurcations and cementoenamel junctions (CEJs) and the distances between the apical thirds of the roots, were measured. The canal configuration and the visibility of root canals were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 16/1328 (1.2%) patients had one or two three-rooted MFPs, and a total of 22/2656 (0.8%) three-rooted MFPs were enrolled. The lengths and diameters of palatal roots were significantly greater than those of other roots. The positions of B-P bifurcations were located mainly at the middle third of the root. The median distances between root canal bifurcations and CEJs were 3 mm for B-P bifurcations and 5.2 mm for MB-DB bifurcations. The distance between MB and DB roots was significantly shorter than the distances between other root pairs. All teeth had a type VIII canal configuration. Palatal roots exhibited the best visibility of root canals, whereas the worst visibility was observed within DB roots. A gender-related relationship was observed only for the lengths of the roots. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of three-rooted MFPs is not unusual; therefore, preoperative CBCT evaluation could be suggested whenever endodontic procedures are planned on an MFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Borghesi
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Michelini
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angelo Zigliani
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ingrid Tonni
- Dental School, Dental Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Maroldi
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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