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Chen Y, Mei L, Qian Y, Zhou X, Zhao Z, Zheng W, Li Y. Integrated bioinformatic analysis of protein landscape in gingival crevicular fluid unveils sequential bioprocess in orthodontic tooth movement. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:37. [PMID: 39307846 PMCID: PMC11417088 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-024-00536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological mechanisms driving orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) remain incompletely understood. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an important indicator of the periodontal bioprocess, providing valuable cues for probing the molecular mechanisms of OTM. METHODS A rigorous review of the clinical studies over the past decade was conducted after registering the protocol with PROSPERO and adhering to inclusion criteria comprising human subjects, specified force magnitudes and force application modes. The thorough screening investigated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in GCF associated with OTM. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was carried out using the STRING database, followed by further refinement through Cytoscape to isolate top hub proteins. RESULTS A comprehensive summarization of the OTM-related GCF studies was conducted, followed by an in-depth exploration of biomarkers within the GCF. We identified 13 DEPs, including ALP, IL-1β, IL-6, Leptin, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, PGE2, TGF-β1, TNF-α, OPG, RANKL. Bioinformatic analysis spotlighted the top 10 hub proteins and their interactions involved in OTM. Based on these findings, we have proposed a hypothetic diagram for the time-course bioprocess in OTM, which involves three phases containing sequential cellular and molecular components and their interplay network. CONCLUSIONS This work has further improved our understanding to the bioprocess of OTM, suggesting biomarkers as potential modulating targets to enhance OTM, mitigate adverse effects and support real-time monitoring and personalized orthodontic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Mei
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Yuran Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinlianyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wang T, Liu X, Li J, Yue Y, Li J, Wang M, Wei N, Hao L. Mechanisms of mechanical force in periodontal homeostasis: a review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1438726. [PMID: 39221238 PMCID: PMC11361942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1438726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces affect periodontal health through multiple mechanisms. Normally, mechanical forces can boost soft and hard tissue metabolism. However, excessive forces may damage the periodontium or result in irreversible inflammation, whereas absence of occlusion forces also leads to tissue atrophy and bone resorption. We systemically searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases and found certain mechanisms of mechanical forces on immune defence, extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, specific proteins, bone metabolism, characteristic periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as these factors contribute to periodontal homeostasis. The immune defence functions change under forces; genes, signalling pathways and proteinases are altered under forces to regulate ECM metabolism; several specific proteins are separately discussed due to their important functions in mechanotransduction and tissue metabolism. Functions of osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts are activated to maintain bone homeostasis. Additionally, ncRNAs have the potential to influence gene expression and thereby, modify tissue metabolism. This review summarizes all these mechanisms of mechanical forces on periodontal homeostasis. Identifying the underlying causes, this review provides a new perspective of the mechanisms of force on periodontal health and guides for some new research directions of periodontal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinle Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of General Clinic, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Hu Y, Zang W, Feng Y, Mao Q, Chen J, Zhu Y, Xue W. mir-605-3p prevents liver premetastatic niche formation by inhibiting angiogenesis via decreasing exosomal nos3 release in gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:184. [PMID: 38802855 PMCID: PMC11131241 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-induced pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) play a decisive role in promoting metastasis by facilitating angiogenesis in distant sites. Evidence accumulates suggesting that microRNAs (miRNAs) exert significant influence on angiogenesis during PMN formation, yet their specific roles and regulatory mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain underexplored. METHODS miR-605-3p was identified through miRNA-seq and validated by qRT-PCR. Its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis was analyzed in GC. Functional assays were performed to examine angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The related molecular mechanisms were elucidated using RNA-seq, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, luciferase reporter assays and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS miR-605-3p was screened as a candidate miRNA that may regulate angiogenesis in GC. Low expression of miR-605-3p is associated with shorter overall survival and disease-free survival in GC. miR-605-3p-mediated GC-secreted exosomes regulate angiogenesis by regulating exosomal nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) derived from GC cells. Mechanistically, miR-605-3p reduced the secretion of exosomes by inhibiting vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) expression and affects the transport of multivesicular bodies to the GC cell membrane. At the same time, miR-605-3p reduces NOS3 levels in exosomes by inhibiting the expression of intracellular NOS3. Upon uptake of GC cell-derived exosomal NOS3, human umbilical vein endothelial cells exhibited increased nitric oxide levels, which induced angiogenesis, established liver PMN and ultimately promoted the occurrence of liver metastasis. Furthermore, a high level of plasma exosomal NOS3 was clinically associated with metastasis in GC patients. CONCLUSIONS miR-605-3p may play a pivotal role in regulating VAMP3-mediated secretion of exosomal NOS3, thereby affecting the formation of GC PMN and thus inhibiting GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Weijie Zang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qinsheng Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Wanjiang Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Pakpahan ND, Kyawsoewin M, Manokawinchoke J, Termkwancharoen C, Egusa H, Limraksasin P, Osathanon T. Effects of mechanical loading on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells: A scoping review. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38736036 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Various mechanical loadings, including mechanical stress, orthodontics forces, and masticatory force, affect the functions of periodontal ligament cells. Regulation of periodontal tissue destruction, formation, and differentiation functions are crucial processes for periodontal regeneration therapy. Numerous studies have reported that different types of mechanical loading play a role in maintaining periodontal tissue matrix homeostasis, and osteogenic differentiation of the periodontal ligament cells. This scoping review aims to evaluate the studies regarding the effects of various mechanical loadings on the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, regulation of the balance between formation and destruction of periodontal tissue matrix, osteogenic differentiation, and multiple differentiation functions of the periodontal ligament. An electronic search for this review has been conducted on two databases; MEDLINE via PubMed and SCOPUS. Study selection criteria included original research written in English that reported the effects of different mechanical loadings on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells. The final 204 articles were mainly included in the present scoping review. Mechanical forces of the appropriate magnitude, duration, and pattern have a positive influence on the secretion of ECM components such as collagen, as well as regulate the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Additionally, these forces regulate a balance between osteoblastic and osteoclast differentiation. Conversely, incorrect mechanical loadings can lead to abnormal formation and destruction of both soft and hard tissue. This review provides additional insight into how mechanical loadings impact ECM homeostasis and multiple differentiation functions of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), thus making it valuable for regenerative periodontal treatment. In combination with advancing technologies, the utilization of ECM components, application of different aspects of mechanical force, and differentiation potential of PDLCs could bring potential benefits to future periodontal regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novena Dameria Pakpahan
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maythwe Kyawsoewin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutimon Termkwancharoen
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Chiu KH, Karpat M, Hahn J, Chang KY, Weber M, Wolf M, Aveic S, Fischer H. Cyclic Stretching Triggers Cell Orientation and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in a Periodontal Ligament 3D In Vitro Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301422. [PMID: 37703581 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), the periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a crucial role in regulating the tissue remodeling process. To decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process in vitro, suitable 3D models are needed that more closely approximate the situation in vivo. Here, a customized bioreactor is developed that allows dynamic loading of PDL-derived fibroblasts (PDLF). A collagen-based hydrogel mixture is optimized to maintain structural integrity and constant cell growth during stretching. Numerical simulations show a uniform stress distribution in the hydrogel construct under stretching. Compared to static conditions, controlled cyclic stretching results in directional alignment of collagen fibers and enhances proliferation and spreading ability of the embedded PDLF cells. Effective force transmission to the embedded cells is demonstrated by a more than threefold increase in Periostin protein expression. The cyclic stretch conditions also promote extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix, as confirmed by increased glycosaminoglycan production. These results highlight the importance of dynamic loading over an extended period of time to determine the behavior of PDLF and to identify in vitro mechanobiological cues triggered during OTM-like stimulus. The introduced dynamic bioreactor is therefore a useful in vitro tool to study these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hui Chiu
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mert Karpat
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hahn
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kao-Yuan Chang
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Godoi MA, Camilli AC, Gonzales KGA, Costa VB, Papathanasiou E, Leite FRM, Guimarães-Stabili MR. JAK/STAT as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Osteolytic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10290. [PMID: 37373437 PMCID: PMC10299676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cytokines with major biological functions in inflammatory diseases exert their functions through the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signal transduction pathway. JAKs phosphorylate the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor, inducing the activation of its substrates, mainly the proteins known as STATs. STATs bind to these phosphorylated tyrosine residues and translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, further regulating the transcription of several genes that regulate the inflammatory response. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. There is also increasing evidence indicating that the persistent activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is related to several inflammatory bone (osteolytic) diseases. However, the specific mechanism remains to be clarified. JAK/STAT signaling pathway inhibitors have gained major scientific interest to explore their potential in the prevention of the destruction of mineralized tissues in osteolytic diseases. Here, our review highlights the importance of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in inflammation-induced bone resorption and presents the results of clinical studies and experimental models of JAK inhibitors in osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariely A. Godoi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Angelo C. Camilli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Karen G. A. Gonzales
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Vitória B. Costa
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
| | - Evangelos Papathanasiou
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Fábio R. M. Leite
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre, Singapore 168938, Singapore;
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Morgana R. Guimarães-Stabili
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara 14801-385, Brazil; (M.A.G.)
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7
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Purwaningrum M, Giachelli CM, Osathanon T, Rattanapuchpong S, Sawangmake C. Dissecting specific Wnt components governing osteogenic differentiation potential by human periodontal ligament stem cells through interleukin-6. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9055. [PMID: 37270571 PMCID: PMC10239497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play a significant role on periodontal tissue and alveolar bone homeostasis. During inflammation, interleukin (IL)-6 serves as one of key cytokine players controlling tissue reaction as well as alveolar bone tissue remodeling. It is believed that periodontal tissue inflammation causes periodontium degradation, especially alveolar bone. However, in this study, we show that an inflammatory mediator, IL-6, may serve another direction on alveolar bone homeostasis during inflammatory condition. We found that, IL-6 at 10 and 20 ng/mL was not cytotoxic and dose-dependently exerted beneficial effects on osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs (hPDLSCs), as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, mRNA expression of osteogenic markers, and matrix mineralization. The presence of physiological and inflammatory level of IL-6, the osteogenic differentiation potential by hPDLSCs was enhanced by several possible mechanisms including transforming growth factor (TGF), Wnt, and Notch pathways. After in-depth and thorough exploration, we found that Wnt pathway serves as key regulator controlling osteogenic differentiation by hPDLSCs amid the IL-6 presentation. Surprisingly, apart from other mesenchymal stem cells, distinct Wnt components are employed by hPDLSCs, and both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways are triggered by different mechanisms. Further validation by gene silencing, treatment with recombinant Wnt ligands, and β-catenin stabilization/translocation confirmed that IL-6 governed the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via either WNT2B or WNT10B and employed WNT5A to activate the non-canonical Wnt pathway. These findings fulfill the homeostasis pathway governing periodontal tissue and alveolar bone regeneration and may serve for further therapeutic regimen design for restoring the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medania Purwaningrum
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Cecilia M Giachelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry (CERD), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rattanapuchpong
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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8
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Ji N, Yu Z. IL-6/Stat3 suppresses osteogenic differentiation in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament via miR-135b-mediated BMPER reduction. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:145-157. [PMID: 36305971 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported to induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for increasing bone regeneration, while the role of IL-6 in osteogenic differentiation during ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) remains to be determined. The current study aims to explore the downstream mechanism of IL-6 in cyclic tensile strain (CTS)-stimulated OPLL, which involves bioinformatically identified microRNA-135b (miR-135b). Initially, we clinically collected posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and ossified PLL tissues, from which ossified PLL cells were isolated, respectively. The obtained data revealed a greater osteogenic property of ossified PLL than non-ossified PLL cells. The effect of regulatory axis comprising IL-6, Stat3, miR-135b, and BMPER on osteogenic differentiation of CTS-stimulated ossified PLL cells was examined with gain- and loss-of-function experiments. BMPER was confirmed as a target gene to miR-135b. Knockdown of BMPER or overexpression of miR-135b inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of CTS-induced ossification in PLL cells. Besides, IL-6 promoted the post-transcriptional process to mature miR-135b via Stat3 phosphorylation. In conclusion, IL-6 inhibited CTS-induced osteogenic differentiation by inducing miR-135b-mediated inhibition of BMPER through Stat3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Zhuoli Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China.
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9
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Cao JF, Xingyu Yang, Li Xiong, Wu M, Chen S, Xu H, Gong Y, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhang X. Exploring the mechanism of action of dapansutrile in the treatment of gouty arthritis based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics. Front Physiol 2022; 13:990469. [PMID: 36105284 PMCID: PMC9465377 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.990469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Dapansutrile is an orally active β-sulfonyl nitrile compound that selectively inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome. Clinical studies have shown that dapansutrile is active in vivo and limits the severity of endotoxin-induced inflammation and joint arthritis. However, there is currently a lack of more in-depth research on the effect of dapansutrile on protein targets such as NLRP3 in gouty arthritis. Therefore, we used molecular docking and molecular dynamics to explore the mechanism of dapansutrile on NLRP3 and other related protein targets. Methods: We use bioinformatics to screen active pharmaceutical ingredients and potential disease targets. The disease-core gene target-drug network was established and molecular docking was used for verification. Molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to verify and analyze the binding stability of small molecule drugs to target proteins. The supercomputer platform was used to measure and analyze the binding free energy, the number of hydrogen bonds, the stability of the protein target at the residue level, the radius of gyration and the solvent accessible surface area. Results: The protein interaction network screened out the core protein targets (such as: NLRP3, TNF, IL1B) of gouty arthritis. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that gouty arthritis mainly played a vital role by the signaling pathways of inflammation and immune response. Molecular docking showed that dapansutrile play a role in treating gouty arthritis by acting on the related protein targets such as NLRP3, IL1B, IL6, etc. Molecular dynamics was used to prove and analyze the binding stability of active ingredients and protein targets, the simulation results found that dapansutrile forms a very stable complex with IL1B. Conclusion: We used bioinformatics analysis and computer simulation system to comprehensively explore the mechanism of dapansutrile acting on NLRP3 and other protein targets in gouty arthritis. This study found that dapansutrile may not only directly inhibit NLRP3 to reduce the inflammatory response and pyroptosis, but also hinder the chemotaxis and activation of inflammatory cells by regulating IL1B, IL6, IL17A, IL18, MMP3, CXCL8, and TNF. Therefore, dapansutrile treats gouty arthritis by attenuating inflammatory response, inflammatory cell chemotaxis and extracellular matrix degradation by acting on multiple targets.
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in Dental and Periodontal Tissues and Their Current Inhibitors: Developmental, Degradational and Pathological Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168929. [PMID: 36012195 PMCID: PMC9409155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This review article aims to describe some of the roles of Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in enamel, dentine, dental caries, hybrid layer degradation, pulp and periodontal tissues, throwing light on their current inhibitors. The article addresses the potential of MMPs to serve as biomarkers with diagnostic and therapeutic value. Design: The sections of this review discuss MMPs’ involvement in developmental, remodeling, degradational and turnover aspects of dental and periodontal tissues as well as their signals in the pathogenesis, progress of different lesions and wound healing of these tissues. The literature was searched for original research articles, review articles and theses. The literature search was conducted in PubMed and MEDLINE for articles published in the last 20 years. Results: 119 published papers, two textbooks and two doctoral theses were selected for preparing the current review. Conclusions: MMPs are significant proteases, of evident contribution in dental and periapical tissue development, health and disease processes, with promising potential for use as diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers. Continuing understanding of their role in pathogenesis and progress of different dental, periapical and periodontal lesions, as well as in dentine-pulp wound healing could be a keystone to future diagnostic and therapeutic regimens.
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Wang W, Wang M, Guo X, Zhao Y, Ahmed MMS, Qi H, Chen X. Effect of Tensile Frequency on the Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5957-5971. [PMID: 35811779 PMCID: PMC9259061 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s368394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The role of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in mediating osteogenesis involved in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is well established. However, various relevant in vitro studies vary in the frequency of tension. The effect of tensile frequency on the mechanotransduction of PDLSCs is not clear. The current study aimed to determine the effect of different tensile frequencies on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and to identify important mechano-sensitivity genes. Methods Human PDLSCs were isolated, identified, and subjected to cyclic equibiaxial tensile strain of 12% at different frequencies of 0.1 Hz, 0.5 Hz, 0.7 Hz, or static cultures. Osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was assessed by using Western blotting. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differential mRNA expression. Short time-series expression miner (STEM) was utilized to describe the frequency patterns of the mRNAs. The functions and enriched pathways were identified, and the hub genes were identified and validated. Results We found that the osteoblastic differentiation capacity of PDLSCs increased with tensile frequency in the range of 0.1–0.7 Hz. Eight frequency-tendency gene expression profiles were identified to be statistically significant. Tensile frequency-specific expressed genes, such as SALL1 and EYA1, which decreased with the increase in tensile frequency, were found. Conclusion The osteoblastic differentiation of PDLSCs under mechanical tensile force is frequency dependent. EYA1 and SALL1 were identified as potential important tensile frequency-sensitive genes, which may contribute to the cyclic tension-induced osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in a frequency-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Wang
- Anesthesiology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Madiha Mohammed Saleh Ahmed
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hong Qi, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 98 Xiwu Road, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18161839153, Email
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China
- Xi Chen, Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 227 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, 710000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13038598996, Email
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Gao L, Yang WY, Qi H, Sun CJ, Qin XM, Du GH. Unveiling the anti-senescence effects and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) inhibitory mechanisms of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in low glucose-induced astrocytes based on boolean network. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153990. [PMID: 35202958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes senescence has been demonstrated in the aging brain and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, lower glucose metabolism has been confirmed in the early stage of AD. However, whether low glucose could induce astrocytes senescence remain ambiguous. Studies have shown that the ethanol extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SGE) exert neuroprotective and anti-aging effects, while whether SGE could delay astrocytes senescence was unclear. PURPOSE This study investigated the anti-senescence effect of SGE in low glucose-induced T98G cells and primary astrocytes, and explored the possible mechanisms based on boolean network. METHODS The neuroprotective effects of SGE in low glucose-induced T98G cells were evaluated by measurement of cell viability, LDH, ROS and ATP. The anti-senescence effects of SGE were investigated by detection of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), cell cycle and senescence-related markers. The possible mechanisms of SGE in delaying astrocytes senescence were discovered through integrating transcriptomics with boolean network, and validation experiments were further performed. RESULTS Our results revealed that low glucose could induce astrocytes senescence, and SGE could delay astrocytes senescence by decreasing the staining rate of SA-β-gal, reducing secretions of SASP factors (IL-6, CXCL1, MMP-1), alleviating cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, decreasing the formation of punctate DNA foci and down-regulating the expression of p16INK4A, p21 and γH2A.X. Transcriptomics and further verification results showed that SGE could markedly inhibit the mRNA expression levels of SASP factors (CXCL10, CXCL2, CCL2, IL-6, CXCR4, CCR7). Moreover, C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) was predicted to be the key SASP factor affecting the network stability by using boolean network. Further experiments validated that SGE could markedly reduce CXCL10 level, decrease the secretion of IL-6 and inhibit cell migration in CXCL10 induced primary astrocytes. CONCLUSION In summary, our research unmasks that the anti-senescence effects of SGE were highly correlated with the suppression of SASP secretions, and CXCL10 mediated the SASP inhibition effect of SGE in low glucose-induced astrocytes. Our study highlights that the delay of astrocytes senescence and the inhibition of SASP might be a new mechanism of SGE for alleviating neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Wu-Yan Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chang-Jun Sun
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Hsu LF, Chang BE, Tseng KJ, Liao CC, Tsai SC, Hsiao HY, Lin SC, Liao PW, Chen YJ, Jane Yao CC. Orthodontic force regulates metalloproteinase-3 promoter in osteoblasts and transgenic mouse models. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:331-337. [PMID: 35028055 PMCID: PMC8740386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Previously we demonstrated up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in human osteoblasts under compression and in bony specimens of experimental orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Here, we studied the temporal characteristics of compression stimulation in human and mouse osteoblast cell lines, and generated a transgenic mouse model for assessing the MMP-3 expression during OTM. Materials and methods We investigated MMP-3 expressions in human and murine osteoblasts through RT-PCR and luciferase assay, after compressive force loading. Inhibitors were added to identify the possible mechanisms for signal transduction. A human MMP-3 promoter was isolated, cloned and transfected to generate a transgenic mouse with a green fluorescent protein reporter. OTM was then initiated to observe the location and time course of transcriptional regulation of MMP-3 signals. Results We found changes in the transcription of MMP-3 in response to mechanical force applied to both human and mouse osteoblast cell lines, suggesting that the response is positive across species. Cloned human MMP-3 promoter may cause the response of luciferase to 1% compression. Moreover, p38 inhibitor exerted a down-regulatory effect on MMP-3 promoter expression, although the inhibitory effect didn't reach a significant level. In the transgenic mouse OTM model, we again found increased expression of MMP-3 in response to mechanical force loading around the periodontal ligament. Conclusion Mechanical force can stimulate MMP-3 expression, possibly through the p38 MAPK pathway, with its strongest signal occurring at 24 h. The mechanical responsiveness in MMP-3 promoter regions can be observed in both humans and rodents in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Hsu
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bei-En Chang
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Jung Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yi Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jane Chen
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chen Jane Yao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sun C, Janjic Rankovic M, Folwaczny M, Otto S, Wichelhaus A, Baumert U. Effect of Tension on Human Periodontal Ligament Cells: Systematic Review and Network Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:695053. [PMID: 34513810 PMCID: PMC8429507 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.695053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement is based on the remodeling of tooth-surrounding tissues in response to mechanical stimuli. During this process, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) play a central role in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. Various in vitro models have been introduced to investigate the effect of tension on hPDLCs. They provide a valuable body of knowledge on how tension influences relevant genes, proteins, and metabolites. However, no systematic review summarizing these findings has been conducted so far. Aim of this systematic review was to identify all related in vitro studies reporting tension application on hPDLCs and summarize their findings regarding force parameters, including magnitude, frequency and duration. Expression data of genes, proteins, and metabolites was extracted and summarized. Studies' risk of bias was assessed using tailored risk of bias tools. Signaling pathways were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using STRING and GeneAnalytics. According to our results, Flexcell Strain Unit® and other silicone-plate or elastic membrane-based apparatuses were mainly adopted. Frequencies of 0.1 and 0.5 Hz were predominantly applied for dynamic equibiaxial and uniaxial tension, respectively. Magnitudes of 10 and 12% were mostly employed for dynamic tension and 2.5% for static tension. The 10 most commonly investigated genes, proteins and metabolites identified, were mainly involved in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis or inflammation. Gene-set enrichment analysis and PPI networks gave deeper insight into the involved signaling pathways. This review represents a brief summary of the massive body of knowledge in this field, and will also provide suggestions for future researches on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Sun
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mila Janjic Rankovic
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Otto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Baumert
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Cyclic tensile strain affects the response of human periodontal ligament stromal cells to tumor necrosis factor-α. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:609-622. [PMID: 34185172 PMCID: PMC8791913 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Orthodontic treatment in adult patients predisposed to mild or severe periodontal disease is challenging for orthodontists. Orthodontic malpractice or hyper-occlusal forces may aggravate periodontitis-induced destruction of periodontal tissues, but the specific mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, the combined effect of mechanical stress and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament stromal cells (hPDLSCs) was investigated. Materials and methods hPDLSCs from 5 healthy donors were treated with TNF-α and/or subjected to cyclic tensile strain (CTS) of 6% or 12% elongation with 0.1 Hz for 6- and 24 h. The gene expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and cell adhesion molecules VCAM and ICAM was analyzed by qPCR. The protein levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in conditioned media was measured by ELISA. The surface expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was quantified by immunostaining followed by flow cytometry analysis. Results TNF-α-induced IL-6 gene and protein expression was inhibited by CTS, whereas TNF-α-induced IL-8 expression was decreased at mRNA expression level but enhanced at the protein level in a magnitude-dependent manner. CTS downregulated the gene expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 under TNF-α stimulation, but the downregulation of the surface expression analyzed by flow cytometry was observed chiefly for VCAM-1. Conclusions Our findings show that mechanical force differentially regulates TNF-α-induced expression of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules at the early stage of force application. The effect of cyclic tensile strain is complex and could be either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory depending on the type of pro-inflammatory mediators and force magnitude. Clinical relevance Orthodontic forces regulate the inflammatory mediators of periodontitis. The underlying mechanism may have significant implications for future strategies of combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00784-021-04039-8.
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Behm C, Nemec M, Weissinger F, Rausch MA, Andrukhov O, Jonke E. MMPs and TIMPs Expression Levels in the Periodontal Ligament during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6967. [PMID: 34203475 PMCID: PMC8268288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), applied orthodontic forces cause an extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the periodontal ligament (PDL). This is mainly orchestrated by different types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which are both secreted by periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies already investigated the influence of applied orthodontic forces on the expression of MMPs and TIMPs. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the expression levels of MMPs and TIMPs during OTM and the influence of specific orthodontic force-related parameters. Methods: Electronic article search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science until 31 January 2021. Screenings of titles, abstracts and full texts were performed according to PRISMA, whereas eligibility criteria were defined for in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively, according to the PICO schema. Risk of bias assessment for in vitro studies was verified by specific methodological and reporting criteria. For in vivo studies, risk of bias assessment was adapted from the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross-sectional study. Results: Electronic article search identified 3266 records, from which 28 in vitro and 12 in vivo studies were included. The studies showed that orthodontic forces mainly caused increased MMPs and TIMPs expression levels, whereas the exact effect may depend on various intervention and sample parameters and subject characteristics. Conclusion: This systematic review revealed that orthodontic forces induce a significant effect on MMPs and TIMPs in the PDL. This connection may contribute to the controlled depletion and formation of the PDLs' ECM at the compression and tension site, respectively, and finally to the highly regulated OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Behm
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael Nemec
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
| | - Fabian Weissinger
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Marco Aoqi Rausch
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Centre for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Erwin Jonke
- Clinical Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2A, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (M.A.R.); (E.J.)
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Gauthier R, Jeannin C, Attik N, Trunfio-Sfarghiu AM, Gritsch K, Grosgogeat B. Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration: Biomechanical Specifications. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:030801. [PMID: 33067629 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal biomechanical environment is very difficult to investigate. By the complex geometry and composition of the periodontal ligament (PDL), its mechanical behavior is very dependent on the type of loading (compressive versus tensile loading; static versus cyclic loading; uniaxial versus multiaxial) and the location around the root (cervical, middle, or apical). These different aspects of the PDL make it difficult to develop a functional biomaterial to treat periodontal attachment due to periodontal diseases. This review aims to describe the structural and biomechanical properties of the PDL. Particular importance is placed in the close interrelationship that exists between structure and biomechanics: the PDL structural organization is specific to its biomechanical environment, and its biomechanical properties are specific to its structural arrangement. This balance between structure and biomechanics can be explained by a mechanosensitive periodontal cellular activity. These specifications have to be considered in the further tissue engineering strategies for the development of an efficient biomaterial for periodontal tissues regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gauthier
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Christophe Jeannin
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - N Attik
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | | | - K Gritsch
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - B Grosgogeat
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
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Behm C, Nemec M, Blufstein A, Schubert M, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O, Jonke E. Interleukin-1β Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Human Periodontal Ligament-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells under In Vitro Simulated Static Orthodontic Forces. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031027. [PMID: 33498591 PMCID: PMC7864333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) responds to applied orthodontic forces by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, in which human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hPDL-MSCs) are largely involved by producing matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their local inhibitors (TIMPs). Apart from orthodontic forces, the synthesis of MMPs and TIMPs is influenced by the aseptic inflammation occurring during orthodontic treatment. Interleukin (IL)-1β is one of the most abundant inflammatory mediators in this process and crucially affects the expression of MMPs and TIMPs in the presence of cyclic low-magnitude orthodontic tensile forces. In this study we aimed to investigate, for the first time, how IL-1β induced expression of MMPs, TIMPs and how IL-1β in hPDL-MSCs was changed after applying in vitro low-magnitude orthodontic tensile strains in a static application mode. Hence, primary hPDL-MSCs were stimulated with IL-1β in combination with static tensile strains (STS) with 6% elongation. After 6- and 24 h, MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and IL-1β expression levels were measured. STS alone had no influence on the basal expression of investigated target genes, whereas IL-1β caused increased expression of these genes. In combination, they increased the gene and protein expression of MMP-1 and the gene expression of MMP-2 after 24 h. After 6 h, STS reduced IL-1β-induced MMP-1 synthesis and MMP-2 gene expression. IL-1β-induced TIMP-1 gene expression was decreased by STS after 6- and 24-h. At both time points, the IL-1β-induced gene expression of IL-1β was increased. Additionally, this study showed that fetal bovine serum (FBS) caused an overall suppression of IL-1β-induced expression of MMP-1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1. Further, it caused lower or opposite effects of STS on IL-1β-induced expression. These observations suggest that low-magnitude orthodontic tensile strains may favor a more inflammatory and destructive response of hPDL-MSCs when using a static application form and that this response is highly influenced by the presence of FBS in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Behm
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (E.J.)
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Nemec
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (E.J.)
| | - Alice Blufstein
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Maria Schubert
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Erwin Jonke
- Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.B.); (M.N.); (E.J.)
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Lan KF, Shen YQ, Li Y, Ling CL, Gong YM, Xia SC, Guo XH, Ding X. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 8 in periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 123:104996. [PMID: 33453555 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the roles of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 (CCL8) in periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). METHODS Bioinformatics analyzed 100 genes in human periodontal ligament cells that were most upregulated after 48 hours of mechanical stress, and these genes were classified through GO and KEGG databases. Nickel-titanium closed-coil springs were placed between right first molar and incisors to produce 20 cN of orthodontic force in eight-week-old male SD rats for 1 and 2 days, followed by immunohistochemical staining of CCL8. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) were stimulated by 14% cyclic tension force (Flexcell FX-5000 T Tension System) or hypoxia conditions to mimic OTM for 1 and 2 days, then the resulting CCL8 were examined through ELISA. Scratching assay was performed by treating hPDLFs with different concentrations of CCL8 (1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml). The migration, proliferation, and adhesion abilities of 100 ng/ml CCL8-treated hPDLFs were also examined. qRT-PCR and western blot detected matrix metalloproteinase 3, periostin, and osteoprotegrin expressions of hPDLFs under 100 ng/ml CCL8. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that CCL8 was upregulated after applying mechanical stress for 48 hours. CCL8 secretion showed upregulation after 24 hours of OTM applicationsin vivo and in vitro. CCL8-treated hPDLFs showed significant positive effects on cell proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase 3. It also inhibited periostin and osteoprotegrin expressions. CONCLUSIONS CCL8 was upregulated in periodontal ligament during initial stage of OTM. Although CCL8 in human periodontal ligaments showed no significant effects on cell migration ability, it did enhance cell proliferation and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Fu Lan
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Qing Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuan-Liang Ling
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Ming Gong
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Chi Xia
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue-Hua Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojun Ding
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; State key laboratory of molecular engineering of polymers, Fudan University., Shanghai 200438, China.
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