Inflammatory cytokine profiles in the crevicular fluid around clinically healthy dental implants compared to the healthy contralateral side during the early stages of implant function

Laser Cleaning Improves Stem Cell Adhesion on the Dental Implant Surface during Peri-Implantitis Treatment

Dental implant therapy is a well-accepted treatment modality. Despite good predictability and success in the early stages, the risk of postplacement inflammation in the long-term periods remains an urgent problem. Surgical access and decontamination with chemical and mechanical methods are more effective than antibiotic therapy. The search for the optimal and predictable way for peri-implantitis treatment remains relevant. Here, we evaluated four cleaning methods for their ability to preserve the implant's surface for adequate mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and differentiation. Implants isolated after peri-implantitis were subjected to cleaning with diamond bur; Ti-Ni alloy brush, air-flow, or Er,Cr:YSGG laser and cocultured with mice MSC for five weeks. Dental bur and titanium brushes destroyed the implants' surfaces and prevented MSC attachment. Air-flow and laser minimally affected the dental implant surface microroughness, which was initially designed for good cell adhesion and bone remodeling and to provide full microbial decontamination. Anodized with titanium dioxide and sandblasted with aluminum oxide, acid-etched implants appeared to be better for laser treatment. In implants sandblasted with aluminum oxide, an acid-etched surface better preserves its topology when treated with the air-flow. These cleaning methods minimally affect the implant's surface, so it maintains the capability to absorb osteogenic cells for further division and differentiation.

The Characteristics of Microbiome and Cytokines in Healthy Implants and Peri-Implantitis of the Same Individuals

AIM

To characterize the profile of submucosal microbiome and cytokine levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) from clinically healthy implants and peri-implantitis in the same individuals.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A total of 170 patients were screened and, finally, 14 patients with at least one healthy implant and one peri-implantitis implant were included. Submucosal microbiota and cytokines from 28 implants were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multifactor assays, respectively. Correlations of clinical indexes and microbiota or cytokines were analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. A random forest classification model was constructed.

RESULTS

Peri-implantitis sites harbored higher microbial diversity, as well as more Gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, compared with healthy implants sites. The genera of Peptostreptococcaceae XIG-1, Treponema, Porphyromonas, and Lachnospiraceae G-8, as well as the cytokines of IL-17A, IL-6, IL-15, G-CSF, RANTES, and IL-1β were significantly higher in peri-implantitis than healthy implants. Furthermore, these genera and cytokines had positive relationships with clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and marginal bone loss (MBL). The classification model picked out the top 15 biomarkers, such as IL-17A, IL-6, IL-15, VEGF, IL-1β, Peptostreptococcaceae XIG-1, Haemophilus, and Treponema, and obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85.

CONCLUSIONS

There are more pathogenic bacteria and inflammatory cytokines in peri-implantitis sites, and biomarkers could facilitate the diagnosis of peri-implantitis.

Oral Microbiota in Patients with Peri-Implant Disease: A Narrative Review

Peri-implant infections are the most common complications related to the placement of dental implants. There are many microbial similarities between peri-implantitis and periodontitis but due to current laboratory techniques there are just as many differences. This review was performed to assess changes in the oral microbiota at sites with peri-implant disease, according to the state of the art. The peri-implant microbiota presents a lower microbial quality than the periodontal microbiota, becoming increasingly complex as it progresses from peri-implant mucositis to peri-implantitis. The microbial difference detected between the peri-implant and periodontal microbiota is primarily related to whole bacterial populations, rather than specific bacterial taxa. The use of probiotics could support the reduction of peri-implant pockets, in association with mechanical debridement, due to their mechanism of action of competitive inhibition for adhesion sites. The peri-implant microbiota represents a qualitatively inferior but quantitatively superior bacterial ecosystem for some bacterial genera compared to the periodontal microbiota, showing that a progression from healthy state to peri-implantitis causes changes in microbiota composition in the absence of specific disease-causing bacteria. Transcriptomics could provide useful information for the prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of peri-implant pathology through knowledge of bacterial virulence factors.

Genetic Polymorphisms in NLRP3 Inflammasome-Associated Genes in Patients with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Purpose

The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the progression of many diseases has been increasingly recognized. However, the function of this molecular assembly in the development and progression of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma remains unclear.

Patients and Methods

In this study, we investigated the polymorphisms in the NLRP3 inflammasome associated genes in 281 patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 385 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Results

We found that IL-18 (rs1946518) and NFκB-94 ins/del (rs28362491) contributed to susceptibility to B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Specifically, the allele "G" in IL-18 (rs1946518) and allele "ins" in NFκB-94 ins/del (rs28362491) were significantly associated with the risk of disease. The AA genotype of CARD8 (rs2043211) and the higher level of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) led to statistically poorer B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survival. Less frequent genotype TT of CARD8 (rs2043211) was observed in patients with higher LDH level, clinical stages III-IV of disease, and IPI 3-5, although the relationship did not reach statistical significance. However, IPI is an independent prognostic factor for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Conclusion

IL-18 (rs1946518) and NFκB-94 ins/del (rs28362491) gene polymorphisms appear to be the factors influencing the risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. CARD8 (rs2043211) polymorphisms are important factors for the survival of patients with this disease.

Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Implant Surface: An In Vitro Study

In the field of biology and medicine, one hears often about stem cells and their potential. The dental implant new surfaces, subjected to specific treatments, perform better and allow for quicker healing times and better clinical performance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate from a biological point of view the interaction and cytotoxicity between stem cells derived from dental pulp (DPSCs) and titanium surfaces. Through the creation of complex cells/implant, this study is aimed at analyzing the cytotoxicity of dental implant surfaces (Myth (Maipek Manufacturer Industrial Care, Naples, Italy)) and the adhesion capacity of cells on them and at considering the essential factors for implant healing such as osteoinduction and vasculogenesis. These parameters are pointed out through histology (3D cell culture), immunofluorescence, proliferation assays, scanning electron microscopy, and PCR investigations. The results of the dental implant surface and its interaction with the DPSCs are encouraging, obtaining results increasing the mineralization of the tissues. The knowledge of this type of interaction, highlighting its chemical and biological features, is certainly also an excellent starting point for the development of even more performing surfaces for having better healing in the oral surgical procedures related to dental implant positioning.

Multicenter clinical trial on dental implants survival rate: a FDS76® study

BACKGROUND

Implantology, thanks to its predictability in oral rehabilitations, has become a widespread method for rehabilitating edentulous patients, offering excellent patient satisfaction. Improving the quality of oral health, especially if rehabilitation involves minimal short and long-term complications, leads to an improvement in the quality of life of our patients.

METHODS

This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the short and long-term complications (up to 18 months) of implant-prosthetic rehabilitations performed with a new dental implant (FDS76^®, Italy).

RESULTS

The results showed a limited number of complications or implant failures.

CONCLUSIONS

Knowing the latter could certainly help improve both surgical and dental materials performance.

Multicenter clinical trial on dental implants survival rate: a FDS76® study

BACKGROUND

Implantology, thanks to its predictability in oral rehabilitations, has become a widespread method for rehabilitating edentulous patients, offering excellent patient satisfaction. Improving the quality of oral health, especially if rehabilitation involves minimal short and long-term complications, leads to an improvement in the quality of life of our patients.

METHODS

This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the short and long-term complications (up to 18 months) of implant-prosthetic rehabilitations performed with a new dental implant (FDS76^®, Italy).

RESULTS

The results showed a limited number of complications or implant failures.

CONCLUSIONS

Knowing the latter could certainly help improve both surgical and dental materials performance.

A review of T helper 17 cell-related cytokines in serum and saliva in periodontitis

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex underlying immunopathology. Cytokines, as molecular mediators of inflammation, play a role in all stages of disease progression. T helper 17 (Th17) cells are thought to play a role in periodontitis. Th17 cell development and maintenance requires a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, with many of the cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Serum and saliva are easily accessible biofluids which can represent the systemic and local environment to promote the development of Th17 cells. Here we review human clinical studies that investigate IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, IFN-γ, sCD40L and TNF-α in serum and saliva in periodontitis. We highlight their putative role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and place them within a wider context of animal and other clinical studies.