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Lima LCDE, Landmayer K, Braga MM, Scaramucci T, Palma-Dibb RG. EFFECT OF LASER IRRADIATION ASSOCIATED WITH FLUORIDE IN DECREASING EROSIVE TOOTH WEAR: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS . J Evid Based Dent Pract 2024; 24:101990. [PMID: 39174162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2024.101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present systematic review with a network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to evaluate the effect of high-power lasers, associated or not with fluoride compounds, to control and prevent Erosive Tooth Wear (ETW). METHODS The review was registered in the PROSPERO (CRD42021242547) and followed the PICO question: P (population): enamel and dentin substrate; I (Intervention): high-power laser irradiation, associated or not with fluoride compounds; C (Control): no-treatment; and O (Outcomes): prevention/control of ETW. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched. Two independent reviewers evaluated in vitro and in situ studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoBDEMAT tool. The estimated treatment effect derived from direct and indirect comparisons were analyzed and the difference between these effects was calculated based on the data of enamel and dentin surface loss (in μm). RESULTS A total of 179 studies were retrieved and after the exclusion of duplicates, 103 studies had their titles and abstracts evaluated. Thirty-nine studies had their full text analyzed for data extraction (Cohen Kappa = 0.88). For sound enamel, the laser irradiation (L), fluoride application (F) and, the association of treatments (L + F) promoted higher protection than No-Treatment (NT). For eroded enamel, L + F and F did not differ, but both treatments reduced surface loss compared to NT and L. For sound and eroded dentin, treatments with laser increased surface loss. CONCLUSIONS Although a high-power laser has some potential to prevent erosive tooth wear, this effect is not better than that of standard fluoride. The use of laser in the management of dentin erosive wear can be harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Custódio DE Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karin Landmayer
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Minatel Braga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Augusto MG, da Silva LFO, Lotto G, Santos TMDA, Aoki IV, Torres CRG, Scaramucci T, Borges AB. Effect of combining aminomethacrylate and fluoride against erosive and abrasive challenges on enamel and dentin. Eur J Oral Sci 2024:e13015. [PMID: 39210526 DOI: 10.1111/eos.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of solutions containing aminomethacrylate copolymer (AA) and sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F-) or fluoride plus stannous chloride (FSn; 225 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2+) against enamel and dentin erosion/abrasion. Solutions F, FSn, AA, F+AA, FSn+AA, and deionized water as negative control were tested. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens (n = 13/solution/substrate) underwent a set of erosion-abrasion cycles (0.3% citric acid [5 min, 4×/day], human saliva [1 h, 4×/day], brushing [15 s, 2×/day], and treatments [2 min, 2×/day]) for each of five days. Initial enamel erosion was evaluated using Knoop microhardness after the first and second acid challenge on day 1, and surface loss with profilometry after day 5. KOH-soluble fluoride was assessed. Data were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey tests. The combination of fluoride and AA resulted in higher protection against enamel erosion, whereas this was not the case for the combination of AA and FSn. All treatments protected against enamel and dentin loss. The lowest surface loss values were observed with F+AA and FSn+AA. The polymer did not significantly influence the KOH-soluble fluoride formation on enamel/dentin specimens. The aminomethacrylate copolymer effectively enhanced the efficacy of sodium fluoride against initial erosion and improved the control of enamel and dentin wear of F and FSn solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gullo Augusto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário de Cascavel - UNIVEL, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Lotto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamires Maria de Andrade Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chawhuaveang DD, Lam WYH, Chu CH, Yu OY. Silver diamine fluoride in preventing enamel erosion: An in vitro study with salivary pellicle. J Dent 2024; 149:105287. [PMID: 39103075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the prevention of enamel erosion and discolouring effect with a single and two weekly topical applications of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution. METHODS Human enamel blocks were divided into four groups. Group 1 (SDF2) received two weekly applications of SDF solution (Advantage Arrest: 260,000 ppm Ag, 44,300 ppm F, pH 9.1). Group 2 (SDF1) received a single application of SDF solution. Group 3 (SNF, Positive Control) received daily application of stannous-chloride/amine-fluoride/sodium-fluoride solution (Elmex® Enamel professional: 800 ppm Sn(II), 500 ppm F, pH 4.5). Group 4 (DW, Negative Control) received daily application of deionised water. The treated blocks were subjected to a 14-day erosive challenge. Crystal characteristics, elemental composition, surface morphology, percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SMHL), surface loss, and total colour change (ΔE) of the blocks were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers' hardness testing, non-contact profilometry, and digital spectrophotometry, respectively. RESULTS XRD and EDS revealed precipitates of silver for SDF2 and SDF1 and tin for SNF. SEM showed prominent etched enamel pattern on DW than the other three groups. The%SMHL (%) of SDF2, SDF1, SNF, and DW were 26.6 ± 2.9, 33.6 ± 2.8, 38.9 ± 2.9, and 50.5 ± 2.8 (SDF2SDF1=SNF>DW, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Two weekly applications was more effective than a single application of SDF in preventing enamel erosion, though it caused more discolouration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Topical application of 38 % SDF with two weekly applications protocol is effective in preventing enamel erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Liu Q, Chen YY, Hong DW, Lin JH, Wu XM, Yu H. Protecting primary teeth from dental erosion through bioactive glass. J Dent 2024; 147:105109. [PMID: 38849053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive glass (BAG) in preventing dental erosion in primary teeth. METHODS Enamel and dentin specimens (2 × 2 × 2 mm) were obtained from extracted primary teeth, which were randomly divided into the following groups based on the pretreatments (n = 12): DW (deionized water), NaF (2 % sodium fluoride), 2BAG (2 % BAG), 4BAG (4 % BAG), 6BAG (6 % BAG), and 8BAG (8 % BAG). The specimens were immersed in the respective solutions for 2 min and subjected to in vitro erosive challenges (4 × 5 min/d) for 5 d. The erosive enamel loss (EEL), erosive dentin loss (EDL), and the thickness of the demineralized organic matrix (DOM) were measured using a contact profilometer. The surface microhardness (SMH) was measured, and the percentage of SMH loss (%SMHL) was calculated. The surface morphology and mineral composition were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. RESULTS After the erosive challenges, the EEL, EDL, and%SMHL of the 2BAG, 4BAG, 6BAG, and 8BAG groups significantly reduced, with the greatest reduction was observed in the 6BAG (EEL: 6.5 ± 0.2 μm;%SMHL in enamel: 12.8 ± 2.6; EDL: 7.9 ± 0.3 μm; %SMHL in dentin: 22.1 ± 2.7) and 8BAG groups (EEL: 6.4 ± 0.4 μm;%SMHL in enamel: 11.0 ± 1.9; EDL: 7.8 ± 0.5 μm; %SMHL in dentin: 22.0 ± 2.5) (P < 0.05). With increasing BAG concentrations, the number of surface deposits containing Ca, P, and Si increased. CONCLUSIONS 6BAG was the most effective for preventing dental erosion in primary teeth and showed a particularly strong potential for dentin erosion prevention. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bioactive glass, especially at a 6 % concentration, has proven effective in reducing erosive tooth wear and surface microhardness loss while also protecting demineralized organic matrix in primary dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deng-Wei Hong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hui Lin
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Applied Prosthodontics Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan.
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Weiss GS, Silva FRO, Garcia RM, Sakae LO, Viana ÍEL, Hara AT, Lima LC, Scaramucci T. Experimental toothpastes containing β-TCP nanoparticles functionalized with fluoride and tin to prevent Erosive Tooth Wear. J Dent 2024; 149:105273. [PMID: 39084548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to synthesize toothpastes containing Beta- TriCalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) nanoparticles, functionalized with fluoride and tin, and test their ability to reduce erosive tooth wear (ETW). METHODS Toothpastes were synthesized with the following active ingredients: 1100 ppm of fluoride (as sodium fluoride, F-), 3500 ppm of tin (as stannous chloride, Sn2+), and 800 ppm of β-TCP (Sizes a - 20 nm; and b - 100 nm). Enamel specimens were randomly assigned into the following groups (n = 10): 1. Commercial toothpaste; 2. Placebo; 3 F-; 4. F- + β-TCPa; 5. F- + β-TCPb; 6. F- + Sn2+; 7. F- + Sn2+ + β-TCPa and 8. F- + Sn2+ + β-TCPb. Specimens were subjected to erosion-abrasion cycling. Surface loss (in µm) was measured by optical profilometry. Toothpastes pH and available F- were also assessed. RESULTS Brushing with placebo toothpaste resulted in higher surface loss than brushing with F- (p = 0.005) and F- + β-TCPb (p = 0.007); however, there was no difference between F- and F- + β-TCPb (p = 1.00). Commercial toothpaste showed no difference from Placebo (p = 0.279). The groups F-, F- + β-TCPa, F- + β-TCPb, F- + Sn2+, F- + Sn2+ + β-TCPa and F- + Sn2+ + β-TCPb were not different from the commercial toothpaste (p > 0.05). Overall, the addition of β-TCP reduced the amount of available fluoride in the experimental toothpastes. The pH of toothpastes ranged from 4.97 to 6.49. CONCLUSIONS Although toothpaste containing β-TCP nanoparticles protected enamel against dental erosion-abrasion, this effect was not superior to the standard fluoride toothpaste (commercial). In addition, the functionalization of β-TCP nanoparticles with fluoride and tin did not enhance their protective effect. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although β-TCP nanoparticles have some potential to control Erosive Tooth Wear, their incorporation into an experimental toothpaste appears to have a protective effect that is similar to a commercial fluoride toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Stangler Weiss
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Flávia Rodrigues Oliveira Silva
- Material Science and Technology Center, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Manoel Garcia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Comprehensive Care, Division of Operative Dentistry - Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leonardo Custódio Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Campus Governador Valadares, MG, 35010-180, Brazil.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Dentistry, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Karacic J, Ruf M, Herzog J, Astasov-Frauenhoffer M, Sahrmann P. Effect of Dentifrice Ingredients on Volume and Vitality of a Simulated Periodontal Multispecies Biofilm. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:141. [PMID: 38786539 PMCID: PMC11120121 DOI: 10.3390/dj12050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of different toothpaste ingredients on biofilm volume and vitality in an established non-contact biofilm removal model. A multi-species biofilm comprising Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was grown on protein-coated titanium disks. Six disks per group were exposed to 4 seconds non-contact brushing using a sonic toothbrush. Four groups assessed slurries containing different ingredients, i.e., dexpanthenol (DP), peppermint oil (PO), cocamidopropyl betaine (CB), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), one positive control group with the slurry of a toothpaste (POS), and a negative control group with physiological saline (NEG). Biofilm volume and vitality were measured using live-dead staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Statistical analysis comprised descriptive statistics and inter-group differences. In the test groups, lowest vitality and volume were found for CB (50.2 ± 11.9%) and PO (3.6 × 105 ± 1.8 × 105 µm3), respectively. Significant differences regarding biofilm vitality were found comparing CB and PO (p = 0.033), CB and NEG (p = 0.014), NaOH and NEG (p = 0.033), and POS and NEG (p = 0.037). However, no significant inter-group differences for biofilm volume were observed. These findings suggest that CB as a toothpaste ingredient had a considerable impact on biofilm vitality even in a non-contact brushing setting, while no considerable impact on biofilm volume was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Karacic
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Moritz Ruf
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Johannes Herzog
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Philipp Sahrmann
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; (M.R.); (P.S.)
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Sakae LO, Kairalla CA, Viana ÍEL, Carvalho TS, Niemeyer SH, Hara AT, Scaramucci T. Characteristics of tin-containing fluoride toothpastes related to erosive tooth wear protection. J Dent 2024; 143:104901. [PMID: 38417610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of different tin-containing toothpastes on the control of erosive tooth wear in enamel and dentin. METHODS Enamel and dentin slabs were randomly distributed into 7 experimental groups (n = 10/substrate): C-: negative control (Artificial saliva); AmF (regular fluoridated toothpaste without tin); Sn-1 (SnF2/NaF); Sn-2 (SnF2/NaF/SnCl2); Sn-3 (SnCl2/NaF); Sn-4 (SnF2/SnCl2); Sn-5 (SnCl2/AmF/NaF/chitosan). Specimens were submitted to 5-day erosion-abrasion cycling. Surface loss (SL) was determined with an optical profilometer. Tin deposition on the tooth surfaces and some characteristics of the toothpastes (pH, potentially available F-, %weight of solid particles, and RDA) were also assessed. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS For enamel, the Sn-2 presented the lowest SL, not differing significantly from AmF, C+, and Sn-3. The SL of these groups was significantly lower than the C-, except for Sn-3. Sn-1 and Sn-4 were also not significantly different from C-. For dentin, C- significantly showed the highest SL values, whilst, Sn-1 presented the lowest SL, not differing significantly from AmF, Sn-2, C+, and Sn-3. There was a significant positive association between enamel SL and the pH and tin deposition. Dentin SL was significantly negatively associated with the %weight of solid particles and RDA. CONCLUSIONS Most of the tin-toothpastes were able to exhibit some protection against ETW. In this process, the toothpastes characteristics play a role, as lower enamel SL was significantly associated with lower pH values and tin deposition; and lower dentin SL was associated with higher %weight of solid particles and RDA of the toothpastes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tin-containing toothpastes can be used for erosive tooth wear protection, but our study showed that their effect depends on the pH, amount of tin deposition, % weight of solid particles and RDA of the toohpastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Allegrini Kairalla
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; Department of Comprehensive Care, Division of Operative Dentistry, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 1 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anderson Takeo Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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van Swaaij BWM, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Ruben J. Fluoride, pH Value, and Titratable Acidity of Commercially Available Mouthwashes. Int Dent J 2024; 74:260-267. [PMID: 37839955 PMCID: PMC10988266 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The primary objective of this work was to assess total soluble fluoride (TSF), pH values, and titratable acidity (TA) of various mouthwashes "in vitro," and the second was to compare fluoride content on labels with measured TSF. METHODS Commercial mouthwashes were collected and analysed. Company, type, manufacturer data, and active ingredients (essential oils [EO], cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC], chlorhexidine [CHX], and fluoride) were described. TSF, pH, and TA capacity were measured. Descriptive quantitative analysis were performed per mouthwash. RESULTS In total, 54 mouthwashes from 20 brands were included. These included mouthwashes with the active ingredients EO (n = 11), CPC (n = 17), CHX (n = 18), and fluoride (n = 32); 27 mouthwashes with more than 1 of these active ingredients; and 4 with none of the above-mentioned ingredients. Fluoride was present in different formulations; most contained sodium fluoride (NaF), and a few had sodium monofluorophosphate and amine fluoride + NaF. The pH values of all evaluated mouthwashes ranged from 4.1 to 7.9. Twenty mouthwashes presented pHs below 5.5, of which 10 contained fluoride. TA ranged from 0 to 48. According to the manufacturer data, mouthwashes with fluoride had concentrations from 217 to 450 ppm, with 90% in the range from 217 to 254 ppm. Laboratory data revealed that TSF ranged from 229 to 500 ppm, with 90% in the range from 229 to 337 ppm. A statistically significant difference was observed between measured TSF and the labelled fluoride content on the packaging of the fluoride mouthwashes (mean difference, 43.92 ± 34.34; P < .001). Most of these mouthwashes contained at least the amount of fluoride as mentioned on the packaging (93%). CONCLUSION The pH values and TA of commercially available mouthwashes showed a large variation. TSF levels of the fluoride mouthwashes were found to be at least the amount of fluoride as labelled. Dental care professionals should be aware of the pH, TA, fluoride content, and other active ingredients of different mouthwashes to better understand their potential impact on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W M van Swaaij
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Dental Hygiene, Hogeschool Arnhem Nijmegen, University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - D E Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G A Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M F Timmerman
- Department of Implantology and Periodontology, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Ruben
- Department of Dentistry, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bartlett DW, Jadeja SP, Austin RS, Charalambous P, Stewart B, Ruan Q, Won B, Dogu N, Vandeven M, Lavender S. Pilot clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of a professionally delivered high fluoride varnish on erosive tooth wear in an in-situ model. J Dent 2024; 143:104884. [PMID: 38373521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim for this pilot study was to investigate the effect of a sodium fluoride varnish on step height measured by a profilometer from human enamel worn by healthy volunteers with a novel in situ/ex vivo erosion design. METHOD Healthy volunteers aged 18-70 years wore a palatal splint containing 8 human enamel samples and underwent two 3-day treatment periods for 6 h a day with a varnish containing sodium fluoride at 22,600 ppm and the control with the same ingredients but without fluoride. Each splint contained 4 polished and 4 unpolished samples. The interventions were applied to the surface of the enamel samples in randomised order, removed after 6 h, then immersed ex-vivo in 1 %, pH 2.7 citric acid for 2 min, repeated 4 times a day, over 2 days. Measurements of enamel were assessed blindly by microhardness on day 2 and by non-contact laser profilometry on day 3 for the two treatments. RESULTS 24 volunteers, 2 males and 22 females aged 27-54 years, were screened and recruited. The delta microhardness, from polished samples removed at the end of day 2, for the control and fluoride treatment was 95.7 (22.9) kgf/mm2 and 123.7 (28.9) kgf/mm2, respectively (p < .005). The mean (SD) step height for the control polished enamel surfaces was 3.67 (2.07) µm and for the fluoride varnish was 1.79 (1.01) µm (p < .0005). The control unpolished enamel surfaces had a mean 2.09 (1.53) µm and the fluoride varnish was 2.11 (1.53) µm but no statistical difference was detected. CONCLUSIONS The results from this pilot study, utilizing an in-situ model where enamel was exposed to acid over the course of 2 days, demonstrated that a high fluoride varnish containing sodium fluoride at 22,600 ppm prevented erosive wear compared to a control on the polished enamel surfaces. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Intra-oral study demonstrated that a high fluoride varnish containing sodium fluoride at 22,600 ppm reduced erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Bartlett
- Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Sagar P Jadeja
- Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert S Austin
- Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Polyvios Charalambous
- Centre for Clinical, Oral and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Clinical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester, M15 6FH, United Kingdom
| | - Bernal Stewart
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Qichao Ruan
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Betty Won
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nihal Dogu
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Vandeven
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Stacey Lavender
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Global Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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10
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Vertuan M, da Silva JF, de Souza BM, Braga AS, Magalhães AC. Effect of an experimental TiF 4/NaF solution in preventing tooth erosion. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 157:105823. [PMID: 37890417 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled in vivo study investigating the protective potential of a titanium tetrafluoride/ sodium fluoride (TiF4/NaF) solution compared to its respective positive and negative controls under an in vivo model, as well as the perception of participants regarding the use of this experimental solution. METHODS After the ethics approval and the selection procedures, 33 participants were divided into three treatments: TiF4/NaF solution (500 ppm F, pH 4.4); AmF/NaF/SnCl2-mouthwash (500 ppm F, pH 4.5) and water (pH 7.0) (n = 11). After professional cleaning, the participants rinsed with one of the solutions for one minute and waited two hours for the erosive challenge. The erosive solution (1 % citric acid, pH 2.5) was applied for 10 s on each central incisor (enamel area: 4 mm2) and collected for calcium analysis using III Arsenazo colorimetric method. The Ca2+ release data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis/ Dunn tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS Teeth treated with both fluoride solutions released less calcium into the acid (median and interquartile interval: TiF4/NaF - 0.45/0.19 mM and AmF/NaF/SnCl2 - 0.46/0.15 mM Ca2+, p = 0.99) compared to the negative control (1.12/0.42 mM Ca2+, 60 % reduction, p < 0.0006). For both F solutions, only one participant per group reported unpleasant taste. Four participants belonging to AmF/NaF/SnCl2-mouthwash reported burning sensation post-rinse, while only one participant described such feeling after TiF4/NaF rinsing. CONCLUSION The experimental TiF4/NaF solution was as effective as the commercial AmF/NaF/SnCl2-mouthwash in protecting enamel against erosive demineralization with a good acceptability by the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Vertuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia França da Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Martines de Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Braga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Magalhães
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Abdelrahman HH, Ammar N, Hassan MG, Essam W, Amer H. Erosive tooth wear and salivary parameters among competitive swimmers and non-swimmers in Egypt: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7777-7785. [PMID: 37924355 PMCID: PMC10713671 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Competitive swimmers spend considerable time practicing their sport. Prolonged exposure to chlorinated water can alter salivary parameters and might compromise oral health. This study aimed to determine erosive tooth wear status and its related risk factors among competitive swimmers as compared to non-swimmers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study consisting of 180 athletes (90 competitive swimmers versus 90 competitive rowers "non-swimmers") was conducted. Participants were interviewed on the common erosion risk factors. The Basic Erosive Wear Examination system was used to assess the status of erosive tooth wear. Stimulated saliva sample was collected before and after a training session and pool pH was evaluated using pH strips for 7 days. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of dental erosion was significantly higher among competitive swimmers (60%) with higher BEWE scores compared to non-swimmers (25.6%). The salivary flow rate was reduced significantly after training sessions in both groups while salivary pH increased among swimmers. Evaluation of pool water revealed a continuous reduction in the pH level, reaching a very acidic pH level of 3.24. CONCLUSION Erosive tooth wear is more prevalent among competitive swimmers. Years of practice and regular consumption of acidic drinks increase the odds of developing erosive lesions. A high incidence of erosive lesions may be attributed to a reduction in swimming pool pH level. Salivary parameters showed variations between groups after training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hams H Abdelrahman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St., Azarita, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
| | - Nour Ammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St., Azarita, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed G Hassan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wafaa Essam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St., Azarita, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Hala Amer
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St., Azarita, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
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12
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Silva CAM, de Sousa FB, Martinez-Mier EA, Vieira BR, do Nascimento JM, Hara AT. Fluorotic Enamel Susceptibility to Dental Erosion and Fluoride Treatment. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:75-81. [PMID: 38133094 PMCID: PMC10742357 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to test the hypothesis that fluoride treatment can prevent dental erosion on fluorotic enamel of different severities. It followed a 3×2 factorial design, considering a) fluorosis severity: sound (TF0, Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index), mild (TF1-2), moderate (TF3-4); and b) fluoride treatment: 0 (negative control) and 1150ppmF. Human molars with the three fluorosis severities (n=16, each) were selected and randomly assigned to the two fluoride treatments (n=8). Enamel blocks (4×4mm) were prepared from each tooth and subjected to a dental erosion cycling model, for 10 days. The daily cycling protocol consisted of erosive challenges (1% citric acid, pH 2.4), interspersed by periods of immersion in artificial saliva, and three 2-minute treatments with either 0 or 1150ppm F. The enamel volume loss (mm3) was calculated by subtracting values obtained by microtomography before and after cycling. Two-Way ANOVA showed no significant interaction between fluorosis severity and fluoride treatment (p=0.691), and no significant effect for either fluorosis severity (TF0 mean±standard-deviation: 13.5(10-2±0.42(10-2, TF1-2: 1.50(10-2±0.52(10-2, TF3-4: 1.24(10-2±0.52(10-2, p=0.416) or treatment (0ppmF: 1.49(10-2±0.53(10-2; 1150ppmF: 1.21(10-2±0.42(10-2; p=0.093), when evaluated independently. Considering the limitations of this in vitro study, the presence and severity of fluorosis in enamel do not appear to affect its susceptibility to dental erosion. Fluoride treatment was not effective in preventing the development of dental erosion in both sound and fluorotic enamel substrates under our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederico Barbosa de Sousa
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Esperanza Angeles Martinez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Anderson Takeo Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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13
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Palhari FTL, Almeida LDM, Liporoni PCS, Hilgert LA, Zanatta RF. Influence of the combined effect of desensitizing dentifrices and universal adhesives on dentin bond strength under erosive conditions. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230224. [PMID: 37909528 PMCID: PMC10609650 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate whether the use of desensitizing dentifrices containing obliterating agents can affect bond strength of eroded/abraded dentin. METHODOLOGY A total of 100 dentin samples were obtained from human molars. The teeth were cut into 3 mm-thickness discs and allocated in five groups (n=20), according to the toothpaste used: WoF - abrasion with fluoride-free toothpaste (Cocoricó); Arg - toothpaste containing arginine (Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief); Nov - calcium sodium phosphosilicate toothpaste (Sensodyne Repair and Protect); SnF - fluoride-containing toothpaste (AmF/SnCl2/SnF2 - Elmex Erosion); and Control (no erosive/abrasive process). The erosive/abrasive cycle consisted of immersion in citric acid (1%, pH 2.6, 5 min, 4×/day) and abrasion (2×/day, 120-20 sec abrasion, 100 sec immersion) with each toothpaste. During intervals, samples were immersed in artificial saliva. This cycle was performed for five days. Two resin cylinders (2 mm in diameter) were constructed on each sample for the shear bond strength test using a universal adhesive system. The self-etch and etch-and-rinse (Scotchbond Universal) strategies were employed, each in half of the total sample (n=10). Bond strength (MPa) was measured in a shear test and failure modes were assessed with a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (p<0.05). RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found between the adhesive strategies tested (p<0.001), with the self-etching form showing higher values than the etch-and-rinse. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the tested toothpastes (p=0.750) and interactions (p=0.438). CONCLUSION The use of toothpaste containing obliterating agents does not affect bond strength to dentin subjected to erosive/abrasive conditions when a universal adhesive is used. However, the self-etch strategy might be preferred for eroded/abraded dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laís da Mata Almeida
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde , Departamento de Odontologia , Brasilia , DF , Brasil
| | | | - Leandro Augusto Hilgert
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde , Departamento de Odontologia , Brasilia , DF , Brasil
| | - Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta
- Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde , Departamento de Odontologia , Brasilia , DF , Brasil
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14
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Limeback H, Enax J, Meyer F. Improving Oral Health with Fluoride-Free Calcium-Phosphate-Based Biomimetic Toothpastes: An Update of the Clinical Evidence. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:331. [PMID: 37622936 PMCID: PMC10452078 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As the demand for clinically effective fluoride-free oral care products for consumers increases, it is important to document which types of toothpastes have been shown in clinical studies to be effective in improving oral health. In this review, we included different indications, i.e., caries prevention, improving periodontal health, reducing dentin hypersensitivity, protecting against dental erosion, and safely improving tooth whitening in defining what constitutes improvement in oral health. While there are several professional and consumer fluoride-containing formulations fortified with calcium-phosphate-based ingredients, this review focuses on fluoride-free toothpastes containing biomimetic calcium-phosphate-based molecules as the primary active ingredients. Several databases were searched, and only clinical trials in human subjects were included; in vitro and animal studies were excluded. There were 62 oral health clinical trials on biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HAP), 57 on casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), 26 on calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS, or so called Bioglass), and 2 on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). HAP formulations were tested the most in clinical trials for benefits in preventing caries, dentin hypersensitivity, improving periodontal health, and tooth whitening. Based on the current clinical evidence to date, fluoride-free HAP toothpaste formulations are the most versatile of the calcium phosphate active ingredients in toothpastes for improving oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Limeback
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Joachim Enax
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
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Vilhena FV, Grecco SDS, González AHM, D'Alpino PHP. Regenerative and Protective Effects on Dental Tissues of a Fluoride-Silicon-Rich Toothpaste Associated with a Calcium Booster: An In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:153. [PMID: 37366676 DOI: 10.3390/dj11060153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium boosters have been used as a supplement for fluoride toothpastes to repair the dental tissues and reduce dentin permeability. This in vitro study aimed to characterize the regenerative and protective effects of the treatment of dental tissues with a fluoride-silicon-rich toothpaste associated with a calcium booster. Bovine enamel and dentin blocks (n = 5) were obtained (4 × 4 × 6 mm). A fluoride-silicon-rich toothpaste and a calcium booster were used to brush the enamel and dentin both immediately and five days afterwards. The outcomes were then compared to those of the untreated control group. After that, the specimens were cross-sectioned. SEM was used to evaluate the micromorphology of the surface and cross-section. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to determine the elemental analyses (weight%). After treatment for 5 days with a booster/silicon-rich toothpaste, EDS analysis demonstrated that it induced a significant mineral change. It was also able to form a protective silicon-enriched mineral layer on both enamel and dentin surfaces. It was demonstrated in vitro that a fluoride-silicon-rich toothpaste associated with a calcium booster regenerates the dental tissues, remineralizing the enamel structure and occluding the dentin tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Vieira Vilhena
- Trials Research and Development, Rua Maria Benedita de Oliveira, 1-25, Bauru 17018-776, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Henrique Perlatti D'Alpino
- Triplet Biotechnology Solutions, Av. Nossa Senhora de Fatima, 11-31, Bauru 17017-337, Brazil
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
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16
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da Silva BM, Rios D, Foratori-Junior GA, Magalhães AC, Buzalaf MAR, Peres SDCS, Honório HM. Effect of fluoride group on dental erosion associated or not with abrasion in human enamel: A systematic review with network metanalysis. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 144:105568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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17
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Né YGDS, Souza-Monteiro D, Frazão DR, Alvarenga MOP, Aragão WAB, Fagundes NF, de Souza-Rodrigues RD, Lima RR. Treatment for dental erosion: a systematic review of in vitro studies. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13864. [PMID: 36389398 PMCID: PMC9651041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental erosion is a chemical loss of the mineralized dental tissue caused by exposure to nonbacterial acids. Different treatment protocols have been adopted with the use of fluoride compounds to promote the formation of a layer of mineral precipitation in eroded lesions. Aim This systematic review aimed to evaluate the main treatments for dental erosion. Methodology This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and recorded in the Open Science Framework database (OSF) under DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/XMFNZ. The searches were conducted in six electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Lilacs) and two grey literature sources (Google Scholar and OpenGrey). The eligibility criteria included in vitro studies that evaluated eroded teeth under treatment with some topical agent. Risk of bias assessment and qualitative synthesis were performed using the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias modified for in vitro studies. Results A total of 522 studies were identified, and only four studies that fulfilled our eligibility criteria were included in this review. Among these studies, three were considered to have a low risk of bias, and one to have a high risk of bias. Two studies evaluated the anti-erosion effect of fluoride toothpaste, and the other two assessed the action of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on the surface of human teeth. Among the products analyzed, CPP-ACP was the only one that promoted a significant increase in enamel microhardness and reduced tooth wear. Conclusion Based on the in vitro studies included in this review, there was no anti-erosion effect after using different fluoride toothpaste. However, it should be considered that one of these studies presented a high risk of bias. On the other hand, studies with CPP-ACP showed anti-erosion efficacy when applied before or after erosive wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Gecy de Sousa Né
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Deiweson Souza-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - María Olimpia Paz Alvarenga
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Duarte de Souza-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Augusto MG, Scaramucci T, Campos TMB, Aoki IV, Schlueter N, Borges AB. Film-Forming Polymers for Tooth Erosion Prevention. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194225. [PMID: 36236172 PMCID: PMC9573524 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different agents have been proposed to prevent the progression of acid induced dental substance losses, which are called erosive tooth wear (ETW), such as fluorides, calcium, and phosphate-based products; however, there is a need for a further increase in efficacy. Recently, the ability of polymers to interact with the tooth surface, forming acid resistant films, has come into the focus of research; nevertheless, there is still the need for a better understanding of their mode of action. Thus, this article provides an overview of the chemical structure of polymers, their mode of action, as well as the effect of their incorporation into oral care products, acid beverages, and antacid formulations, targeting the prevention of ETW. Recent evidence indicates that this may be a promising approach, however, additional studies are needed to confirm their efficacy under more relevant clinical conditions that consider salivary parameters such as flow rate, composition, and clearance. The standardization of methodological procedures such as acid challenge, treatment duration, and combination with fluorides is necessary to allow further comparisons between studies. In conclusion, film-forming polymers may be a promising cost-effective approach to prevent and control erosive demineralization of the dental hard tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gullo Augusto
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Centro Universitário de Cascavel–UNIVEL, Av. Tito Muffato, 317-Santa Cruz, Cascavel 85806-080, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | | | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Nadine Schlueter
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-12-3947-9374
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Xu J, Shi H, Luo J, Yao H, Wang P, Li Z, Wei J. Advanced materials for enamel remineralization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:985881. [PMID: 36177189 PMCID: PMC9513249 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.985881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries, a chronic and irreversible disease caused by caries-causing bacteria, has been listed as one of the three major human diseases to be prevented and treated. Therefore, it is critical to effectively stop the development of enamel caries. Remineralization treatment can control the progression of caries by inhibiting and reversing enamel demineralization at an early stage. In this process, functional materials guide the deposition of minerals on the damaged enamel, and the structure and hardness of the enamel are then restored. These remineralization materials have great potential for clinical application. In this review, advanced materials for enamel remineralization were briefly summarized, furthermore, an outlook on the perspective of remineralization materials were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Xu
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Shi
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiyan Yao
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Li, ; Junchao Wei,
| | - Junchao Wei
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Li, ; Junchao Wei,
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20
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Incorporation of Fluoride into Human Teeth after Immersion in Fluoride-Containing Solutions. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080153. [PMID: 36005251 PMCID: PMC9406395 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Toothpastes and mouth rinses contain fluoride as a protective agent against caries. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of fluoride-uptake by human tooth mineral during immersion into fluoride-containing aqueous solutions as different pH. Human teeth were immersed in fluoride-containing solutions to assess the extent of fluoride incorporation into tooth enamel. A total of 16 extracted teeth from 11 patients were immersed at 37 °C for one minute into aqueous fluoride solutions (potassium fluoride; KF) containing either 250 ppm or 18,998 ppm fluoride (1-molar). Fluoride was dissolved either in pure water (neutral pH) or in a citrate buffer (pH 4.6 to 4.7). The elemental surface composition of each tooth was studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in combination with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The as-received teeth contained 0.17 ± 0.16 wt% fluoride on average. There was no significant increase in the fluoride content after immersion in 250 ppm fluoride solution at neutral or acidic pH values. In contrast, a treatment with a 1-molar fluoride solution led to significantly increased fluoride concentrations by 0.68 wt% in water and 9.06 wt% at pH 4.7. Although such fluoride concentrations are far above those used in mouth rinses or toothpastes, this indicates that fluoride can indeed enter the tooth surface, especially at a low pH where a dynamic dissolution-reprecipitation process may occur. However, precipitations of calcium fluoride (globuli) were detected in no cases.
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21
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Pelá VT, Brito L, Taira EA, Henrique-Silva F, Pieretti JC, Seabra AB, de Almeida Baldini Cardoso C, de Souza EP, Groisman S, Rodrigues MC, Lussi A, Carvalho TS, Buzalaf MAR. Preventive effect of chitosan gel containing CaneCPI-5 against enamel erosive wear in situ. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6511-6519. [PMID: 35829772 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the preventive effect of a chitosan gel containing CaneCPI-5 against enamel erosion and erosion + abrasion in situ. METHODS Sixteen volunteers participated in a crossover, double-blind protocol, comprising 4 phases: (1) no treatment (Nt); (2) chitosan gel (Cg); (3) chitosan gel + 12,300 ppm NaF (Cg + NaF); and (4) chitosan gel + 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 (Cg + Cane). Volunteers wore an appliance containing 4 specimens. Once/day, they applied the gel (except for Nt) (4 min/specimen). Erosive challenges were performed extra-orally (0.1% citric acid, 90 s, 4 × /day; ERO). Specimens were also abraded (toothbrush, 15 s/specimen, 2 × /day; ERO + ABR). Enamel wear was assessed by profilometry and relative surface reflection intensity (%SRI). Two-way RM-ANOVA/Sidak's tests and Spearman's correlation were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS For profilometry, ERO + ABR promoted significantly greater wear when compared with ERO. There was a significant difference among all treatments. The lowest enamel loss occurred for Cg + Cane, followed by Cg + NaF, Cg, and Nt (p < 0.05). The %SRI was significantly lower for ERO + ABR when compared to ERO, only for the Nt group. The greatest %SRI was found for the Cg + NaF and Cg + Cane groups, which did not differ significantly, regardless of the conditions. The lowest %SRI was found for the Nt and Cg groups, which did not differ from each other, regardless of the conditions. The Nt group did not differ significantly from the Cg + NaF (ERO). There was a significant correlation between both analyses. CONCLUSION The incorporation of CaneCPI-5 in the chitosan gel prevented erosive wear in situ. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results open a new perspective for the use of CaneCPI-5 in other application vehicles, such as chitosan gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Even Akemi Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joana Claudio Pieretti
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amedea Barozzi Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Pereira de Souza
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, São Carlos Federal University, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Groisman
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adrian Lussi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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22
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Pereira LGDS, Bezerra SJC, Viana ÍEL, Lima LCD, Borges AB, Scaramucci T. Development of a sodium fluoride and stannous chloride-containing gel for treatment of dental erosion. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:54-61. [PMID: 36043569 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study synthesized and tested experimental gels containing fluoride (F-) and stannous (Sn2+) ions for the control of dental erosion. Enamel and dentin polished specimens were eroded (1% citric acid solution, 10 min) and randomly allocated into 5 groups (n=10): Placebo - Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HMC) gel; F+Sn+HMC - 7,500 ppm F- / 15,000 ppm Sn2+; F+HMC - 7,500 ppm F-; Commercial acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (12,300 ppm F-); and Control - no treatment. After treatment (applied for 60 s), specimens underwent an erosion-remineralization cycling (5 min in 0.3% citric acid solution, 60 min in artificial saliva, 4×/day, 20 days). Surface loss (SL, in µm) was determined after the 5th, 10th and 20th days of cycling (α=0.05). For enamel, after 5 and 10 days, F+Sn+HMC presented the lowest SL, which did not differ from the commercial gel. After 20 days, no differences were found between commercial, F+HMC, and F+Sn+HMC groups. Placebo did not differ from the control at any time points, and both groups presented the highest SL when compared to the other groups. For dentin, on the 5th day, F+Sn+HMC, F+HMC and commercial did not differ significantly, showing lower SL than the control and the placebo. On the 10th day, F+Sn+HMC and commercial presented the lowest SL compared to control and placebo. After 20 days, only the commercial gel showed lower SL than the control and placebo. Thus, the experimental F+Sn+HMC gel was able to control the progression of tooth erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Gatti de Souza Pereira
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Leonardo Custódio de Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry at Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, UNESP, São Paulo State University. Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo 777, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, 12245-000
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry. Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2227, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
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23
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Üstün N, Güven Y. Effect of three different remineralizing agents on artificial erosive lesions of primary teeth. Aust Dent J 2022; 67:271-280. [PMID: 35694835 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of three remineralizing agents on dental erosion in primary teeth. METHODS Forty primary molars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each): self-assembling peptide (P11-4 ), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP), sodium fluoride (NaF) and artificial saliva (AS; control). The erosion-like formation was created by immersing the samples in citric acid (4 × 2 min, pH 2.3) and AS (4 × 2 h, pH 7). The eroded samples were then treated with remineralizing agents and subjected to further erosion consisting of 15 cycles (3x/8-h interval) of immersion in citric acid and AS for 6 s each. Alterations in the mineral content and morphology of the samples were quantified using a microhardness tester and atomic force microscope. RESULTS All agents had a significant remineralization effect on eroded primary tooth enamel. After further erosive challenge, enamel loss in the CPP-ACFP group was found to be significantly lower than in all other groups, and no significant difference was found between the P11-4 and NaF groups. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that all tested materials had remineralization ability, and CPP-ACFP had a superior effect in inhibiting enamel loss due to dental erosion in primary teeth. © 2022 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Üstün
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Y Güven
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Takenaka S, Sotozono M, Ohkura N, Noiri Y. Evidence on the Use of Mouthwash for the Control of Supragingival Biofilm and Its Potential Adverse Effects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:727. [PMID: 35740134 PMCID: PMC9219991 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial mouthwash improves supragingival biofilm control when used in conjunction with mechanical removal as part of an oral hygiene routine. Mouthwash is intended to suppress bacterial adhesion during biofilm formation processes and is not aimed at mature biofilms. The most common evidence-based effects of mouthwash on the subgingival biofilm include the inhibition of biofilm accumulation and its anti-gingivitis property, followed by its cariostatic activities. There has been no significant change in the strength of the evidence over the last decade. A strategy for biofilm control that relies on the elimination of bacteria may cause a variety of side effects. The exposure of mature oral biofilms to mouthwash is associated with several possible adverse reactions, such as the emergence of resistant strains, the effects of the residual structure, enhanced pathogenicity following retarded penetration, and ecological changes to the microbiota. These concerns require further elucidation. This review aims to reconfirm the intended effects of mouthwash on oral biofilm control by summarizing systematic reviews from the last decade and to discuss the limitations of mouthwash and potential adverse reactions to its use. In the future, the strategy for oral biofilm control may shift to reducing the biofilm by detaching it or modulating its quality, rather than eliminating it, to preserve the benefits of the normal resident oral microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (M.S.); (N.O.); (Y.N.)
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25
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Enamel Erosion Reduction through Coupled Sodium Fluoride and Laser Treatments before Exposition in an Acid Environment: An In Vitro Randomized Control SEM Morphometric Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Erosive lesions of dental enamel are steadily increasing owing to both the availability of exogenous acid and the production of endogenous acid. The aim of this study was to investigate the erosion-inhibiting potential of a diode laser irradiation and topical application of fluoride used alone or in combination on the enamel surface of extracted teeth before exposure to an acidic solution. (2) Methods: The four axial enamel surfaces of 40 healthy molars were used for four study groups: (A) no treatment; (B) application of fluoride gel for 120 s; (O) a diode laser application for 120 s; and (X) a combined laser/fluoride for 120 s. Each enamel surface was examined by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). (3) Results: At 700× magnification, it was possible to detect the enamel prisms of the test area of groups A, B, and O, while no structures such as enamel prisms were highlighted for group X because they were covered by an amorphous layer. The mean number of prisms ×1000 µm2 was 7.2 units with an SD of 0.72 for group A, 8 units with an SD of 0.96 for group B, and 4.8 units with a SD of 0.4 for group O. Student’s t-test showed no significant difference between group A and B with a p = 0.054. Group O showed a significant reduction of prims ×1000 µm2 compared with group A (p = 0.0027) and group B (p = 0.0009). Student’s t-test showed no significant difference between groups A and B with a p = 0.054. Group O showed a significant reduction of prims density with respect to group A (p = 0.0027) and group B (p = 0.0009). (4) Conclusions: This amorphous layer might be correlated with the effect of laser on enamel, which reduces both water and carbonate ion; increases the crystallinity of hydroxyapatite, and improves the mechanical properties of enamel; which is responsible for greater protection expressed by the enamel of group X against acid attacks.
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Epple M, Enax J, Meyer F. Prevention of Caries and Dental Erosion by Fluorides-A Critical Discussion Based on Physico-Chemical Data and Principles. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35049604 PMCID: PMC8774499 DOI: 10.3390/dj10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental erosion is a common problem in dentistry. It is defined as the loss of tooth mineral by the attack of acids that do not result from caries. From a physico-chemical point of view, the nature of the corroding acids only plays a minor role. A protective effect of fluorides, to prevent caries and dental erosion, is frequently claimed in the literature. The proposed modes of action of fluorides include, for example, the formation of an acid-resistant fluoride-rich surface layer and a fluoride-induced surface hardening of the tooth surface. We performed a comprehensive literature study on the available data on the interaction between fluoride and tooth surfaces (e.g., by toothpastes or mouthwashes). These data are discussed in the light of general chemical considerations on fluoride incorporation and the acid solubility of teeth. The analytical techniques available to address this question are presented and discussed with respect to their capabilities. In summary, the amount of fluoride that is incorporated into teeth is very low (a few µg mm-2), and is unlikely to protect a tooth against an attack by acids, be it from acidic agents (erosion) or from acid-producing cariogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Enax
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
| | - Frederic Meyer
- Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Research Department, Johanneswerkstr. 34-36, 33611 Bielefeld, Germany; (J.E.); (F.M.)
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27
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Zanatta RF, Ávila DMDS, Maia MM, Viana ÍEL, Scaramucci T, Torres CRG, Borges AB. Protection of calcium silicate/sodium phosphate/fluoride toothpaste with serum on enamel and dentin erosive wear. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210081. [PMID: 34614120 PMCID: PMC8523098 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of a toothpaste containing calcium silicate/sodium phosphate/fluoride associated or not to the boost serum (BS) against erosive tooth wear (ETW) on enamel and dentin. Methodology Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were subjected to an erosion-abrasion cycling model (1% citric acid - pH 3.6 -2 min / artificial saliva – 60 min, 4×/day, 5 days). Toothbrushing was performed for 15 s (2 min exposed to slurry), 2×/day, with the toothpastes (n=10): control without fluoride (Weleda), Arg/Ca/MFP (Colgate Pro-Relief), Si/PO4/MFP (Regenerate-Unilever), and Si/PO4/MFP/BS (Si/PO4/MFP with dual BS – Advanced Enamel Serum-Unilever). The effect of treatments on the eroded tissues was assessed by surface microhardness in the first day, and surface loss (SL) resulting from ETW was evaluated by profilometry (μm) after three and five days. Additional dentin specimens (n=5/group) were subjected to 20,000 brushing cycles to verify the abrasivity of the toothpastes. Data were subjected to ANOVA and correlation tests (5%). Results For enamel, no difference in microhardness was observed among the treated groups, and similar SL was obtained after 5 days. For dentin, Si/PO4/MFP/BS resulted in higher microhardness values, but none of the groups presented significantly lower SL than the control. There was no significant correlation between SL and abrasiveness. Conclusion The calcium silicate/sodium phosphate toothpaste and serum increased microhardness of eroded dentin, but they did not significantly reduce enamel and dentin loss compared to the non-fluoride control toothpaste. The abrasiveness of the toothpastes could not predict their effect on ETW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayssa Ferreira Zanatta
- Universidade de Taubaté - UNITAU, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daniele Mara da Silva Ávila
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Morgana Menezes Maia
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia - FOUSP, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia - FOUSP, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de São José dos Campos, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, São Paulo, Brasil
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28
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Habashi W, Bader-Farraj A, Shpack N, Beitlitum I, May H, Sarig R. Three-Dimensional Surface Texture Analysis of Fluoride's Effect on Enamel Erosion. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194528. [PMID: 34640545 PMCID: PMC8509756 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel erosion has become a common clinical finding that often impairs dental esthetics and function. In the current study, we aimed to implement the three-dimensional surface texture analysis (3DST) method to explore the protective effect of fluoride on surface texture prior to erosive conditions. For each of the 50 teeth used in this study, the polished buccal enamel surface was divided into three separate areas: the first area was untouched polished enamel, the two other surfaces were immersed in 0.3% citric acid for 30 s. One was treated with high-concentration (19,000 ppm) sodium fluoride (NaF) solution prior to acid attack, and the other had no treatment prior to acid exposure. Enamel surface texture and step height measurements were obtained using a high-resolution disk scanning confocal microscope, and SEM images were also acquired. Surfaces treated with fluoride showed fewer variations in 3-D surface texture parameters than the eroded surface compared to the control group (p = 0.001). This was in accordance with the SEM descriptive images. The findings indicate that pre-fluoridated enamel areas were less affected by the acid and showed similar features to the untouched enamel. Moreover, a protective effect of the fluoride treatment against irreversible enamel damage was noted as the surface loss (step-height) was significantly reduced (p = 0.03). The study showed that 3DST analysis is a valuable methodology for detecting and quantifying subtle differences between the surfaces. When exploring the combination of all surface texture parameters, it was revealed that the pre-fluoridated eroded enamel surfaces showed considerable similarity to the untouched enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Habashi
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (W.H.); (A.B.-F.)
| | - Amal Bader-Farraj
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (W.H.); (A.B.-F.)
| | - Nir Shpack
- Department of Orthodontics, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Ilan Beitlitum
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Implants, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
| | - Hila May
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; (W.H.); (A.B.-F.)
- The Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-640-6569
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29
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Cagna DR, Donovan TE, McKee JR, Eichmiller F, Metz JE, Albouy JP, Marzola R, Murphy KG, Troeltzsch M. Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:276-359. [PMID: 34489050 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Scientific Investigation Committee of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry offers this review of the 2020 professional literature in restorative dentistry to inform busy dentists regarding noteworthy scientific and clinical progress over the past year. Each member of the committee brings discipline-specific expertise to this work to cover this broad topic. Specific subject areas addressed include prosthodontics; periodontics, alveolar bone, and peri-implant tissues; implant dentistry; dental materials and therapeutics; occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs); sleep-related breathing disorders; oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and dental caries and cariology. The authors focused their efforts on reporting information likely to influence day-to-day dental treatment decisions with a keen eye on future trends in the profession. With the tremendous volume of dentistry and related literature being published today, this review cannot possibly be comprehensive. The purpose is to update interested readers and provide important resource material for those interested in pursuing greater detail. It remains our intent to assist colleagues in navigating the extensive volume of important information being published annually. It is our hope that readers find this work useful in successfully managing the dental patients they encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Cagna
- Professor, Associate Dean, Chair and Residency Director, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center College of Dentistry, Memphis, Tenn.
| | - Terence E Donovan
- Professor, Department of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Frederick Eichmiller
- Vice President and Science Officer, Delta Dental of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wis
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Albouy
- Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kevin G Murphy
- Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland College of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md; Private practice, Baltimore, Md
| | - Matthias Troeltzsch
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Private practice, Ansbach, Germany
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30
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Viana ÍEL, Weiss GS, Sakae LO, Niemeyer SH, Borges AB, Scaramucci T. Activated charcoal toothpastes do not increase erosive tooth wear. J Dent 2021; 109:103677. [PMID: 33895239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of activated charcoal toothpastes on enamel and dentin erosive wear. METHODS Ninety enamel and dentin slabs were randomly distributed into 9 experimental groups (n = 10/substrate): Artificial saliva (negative control); Elmex Caries (EXC - 1400 ppm F- as AmF, reference toothpaste without charcoal); Colgate Luminous White Activated Charcoal (CLW - 1000 ppm F- as MFP); Colgate Natural Extracts (CNE - 1450 ppm F- as NaF); Oral-B 3D White Mineral Clean (OMC - 1100 ppm F- as NaF); Curaprox Black is White (CBW - 950 ppm F- as MFP); Bianco Carbon (BIC - no F-); Natural Suavetex (NSX - no F-); Oralgen Nupearl Advanced (ONA - no F-). Specimens were submitted to a 5-day erosion-toothbrushing abrasion cycling. Surface loss (SL) was determined with an optical profilometer. pH and concentration of available fluoride in the slurries were also assessed. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). RESULTS For both substrates, CBW, CNE and EXC had significantly lower SL values than the control. CLW and OMC promoted significantly less dentin wear than the control. All the other groups did not differ significantly from the control. There was a strong negative correlation between SL and concentration of fluoride in the slurries for enamel (r = -0.77) and dentin (r = -0.91), and a strong positive correlation (r = 0.77) between enamel SL and pH. CONCLUSIONS For both substrates, none of the activated charcoal-based toothpastes resulted in higher SL than brushing with artificial saliva. Only two of the charcoal toothpastes and the reference toothpaste were able to provide further protection against SL. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Activated charcoal-containing toothpastes are becoming popular, despite the absence of evidence supporting their safety for use by individuals with erosive tooth wear. These products did not pose an additional risk for these subjects. However, it would be preferable to use products that exhibits further protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 2227 Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Stangler Weiss
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 2227 Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Oba Sakae
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 2227 Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Samira Helena Niemeyer
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Alessandra Bühler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, 777 Engenheiro Francisco José Longo Avenue, 12245-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, 2227 Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Augusto MG, Santos TMDA, Scaramucci T, Aoki IV, Torres CRG, Hara AT, Borges AB. Protective Effect of Solutions Containing Polymers Associated with Fluoride and Stannous Chloride on Hydroxyapatite Dissolution. Caries Res 2021; 55:122-129. [PMID: 33503639 DOI: 10.1159/000513444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effect of experimental solutions containing 4 polymers (polyoxirane, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose [HPMC], pectin, and an amino methacrylate copolymer [AMC]) in 2 concentrations (low and high) associated or not with sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F-) or sodium fluoride plus stannous chloride (FS; 800 ppm Sn2+) on the dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals (HA). Deionized water was the control. The pretreated HA was added to a 0.3% citric acid solution (pH 3.8). An automatic titrant machine added aliquots of 0.1 N HCl at a rate of 28 μL/min, in a total reaction time of 5 min. Groups were compared with 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, and concentrations with Student t test (5%). The zeta potential of the HA treated with the solutions was measured. Significant differences were found for both factors and interaction (p < 0.0001). The treatments with F and FS solutions resulted in a lower amount of dissolved HA than the control. Among the polymers' solutions, only AMC was able to reduce the amount of dissolved HA, changing the surface charge of HA to positive. AMC improved the protective effect of F, but it did not affect FS. Polyoxirane and HPMC reduced the protective potential of the FS solution. No differences were found between the concentrations of the polymers. It was concluded that F and FS reduced the amount of dissolved HA. The protective effect of the experimental solutions against HA dissolution was polymer dependent. The F effect was enhanced by its combination with AMC, but the protection of FS was impaired by polyoxirane and HPMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gullo Augusto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Tamires Maria de Andrade Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Taís Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Idalina Vieira Aoki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Anderson Takeo Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alessandra Buhler Borges
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil,
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