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Olson TS. Management of Fanconi anemia beyond childhood. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2023; 2023:556-562. [PMID: 38066849 PMCID: PMC10727099 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2023000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) has long been considered a severe inherited bone marrow failure (BMF) disorder of early childhood. Thus, management of this multisystem disorder has previously been unfamiliar to many hematologists specializing in the care of adolescents and young adults (AYA). The increased diagnosis of FA in AYA patients, facilitated by widely available germline genomic testing, improved long-term survival of children with FA following matched sibling and alternative donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) performed for BMF, and expanding need in the near future for long-term monitoring in patients achieving hematologic stabilization following ex vivo gene therapy are all reasons why management of FA in AYA populations deserves specific consideration. In this review, we address the unique challenges and evidence-based practice recommendations for the management of AYA patients with FA. Specific topics addressed include hematologic monitoring in AYA patients yet to undergo HSCT, management of myeloid malignancies occurring in FA, diagnosis and management of nonhematologic malignances and organ dysfunction in AYA patients with FA, and evolving considerations for the long-term monitoring of patients with FA undergoing gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S. Olson
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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2
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Li J, Bledsoe JR. Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes and germline predisposition to myeloid neoplasia: A practical approach for the pathologist. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023; 40:429-442. [PMID: 37507252 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic work up and surveillance of germline disorders of bone marrow failure and predisposition to myeloid malignancy is complex and involves correlation between clinical findings, laboratory and genetic studies, and bone marrow histopathology. The rarity of these disorders and the overlap of clinical and pathologic features between primary and secondary causes of bone marrow failure, acquired aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome may result in diagnostic uncertainty. With an emphasis on the pathologist's perspective, we review diagnostically useful features of germline disorders including Fanconi anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, telomere biology disorders, severe congenital neutropenia, GATA2 deficiency, SAMD9/SAMD9L diseases, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, and acquired aplastic anemia. We discuss the distinction between baseline morphologic and genetic findings of these disorders and features that raise concern for the development of myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jacob R Bledsoe
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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3
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Lasaga M, Río P, Vilas-Zornoza A, Planell N, Navarro S, Alignani D, Fernández-Varas B, Mouzo D, Zubicaray J, Pujol RM, Nicoletti E, Schwartz JD, Sevilla J, Ainciburi M, Ullate-Agote A, Surrallés J, Perona R, Sastre L, Prosper F, Gomez-Cabrero D, Bueren JA. Gene therapy restores the transcriptional program of hematopoietic stem cells in Fanconi anemia. Haematologica 2023; 108:2652-2663. [PMID: 37021532 PMCID: PMC10542844 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2022.282418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have shown that lentiviral-mediated gene therapy can ameliorate bone marrow failure (BMF) in nonconditioned Fanconi anemia (FA) patients resulting from the proliferative advantage of corrected FA hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). However, it is not yet known if gene therapy can revert affected molecular pathways in diseased HSPC. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed in chimeric populations of corrected and uncorrected HSPC co-existing in the BM of gene therapy-treated FA patients. Our study demonstrates that gene therapy reverts the transcriptional signature of FA HSPC, which then resemble the transcriptional program of healthy donor HSPC. This includes a down-regulated expression of TGF-β and p21, typically up-regulated in FA HSPC, and upregulation of DNA damage response and telomere maintenance pathways. Our results show for the first time the potential of gene therapy to rescue defects in the HSPC transcriptional program from patients with inherited diseases; in this case, in FA characterized by BMF and cancer predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Lasaga
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paula Río
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias. Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Vilas-Zornoza
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), and Servicio de Hematologia y Terapia Celular, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC
| | - Nuria Planell
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Navarro
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias. Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Alignani
- Flow Cytometry Core, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Varas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC/UAM
| | - Daniel Mouzo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josune Zubicaray
- Hemoterapia y Hematología Pediátrica, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roser M Pujol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Departmento de Genética y Microbiología, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundación Instituto de Investigación del Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Julián Sevilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Hemoterapia y Hematología Pediátrica, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Ainciburi
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), and Servicio de Hematologia y Terapia Celular, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC
| | - Asier Ullate-Agote
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), and Servicio de Hematologia y Terapia Celular, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Departmento de Genética y Microbiología, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundación Instituto de Investigación del Hospital de la Santa Creu y Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Perona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC/UAM; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Sastre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC/UAM
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), and Servicio de Hematologia y Terapia Celular, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC.
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Bioscience Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Juan A Bueren
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias. Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
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Datta A, Sommers JA, Jhujh SS, Harel T, Stewart GS, Brosh RM. Discovery of a new hereditary RECQ helicase disorder RECON syndrome positions the replication stress response and genome homeostasis as centrally important processes in aging and age-related disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101887. [PMID: 36805074 PMCID: PMC10018417 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the molecular deficiencies underlying human aging has been a formidable challenge as it is clear that a complex myriad of factors including genetic mutations, environmental influences, and lifestyle choices influence the deterioration responsible for human pathologies. In addition, the common denominators of human aging, exemplified by the newly updated hallmarks of aging (López-Otín et al., 2023), suggest multiple avenues and layers of crosstalk between pathways important for genome and cellular homeostasis, both of which are major determinants of both good health and lifespan. In this regard, we postulate that hereditary disorders characterized by chromosomal instability offer a unique window of insight into aging and age-related disease processes. Recently, we discovered a new RECQ helicase disorder, designated RECON syndrome attributed to bi-allelic mutations in the RECQL1 gene (Abu-Libdeh et al., 2022). Cells deficient in RECQL1 exhibit genomic instability and a compromised response to replication stress, providing further evidence for the significance of genome homeostasis to suppress disease phenotypes. Here we provide a perspective on the pathology of RECON syndrome to inform the reader as to how molecular defects in the RECQL1 gene contribute to underlying deficiencies in nucleic acid metabolism often seen in certain aging or age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Datta
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua A Sommers
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Satpal S Jhujh
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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5
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Benitez A, Sebald M, Kanagaraj R, Rodrigo-Brenni MC, Chan YW, Liang CC, West SC. GEN1 promotes common fragile site expression. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112062. [PMID: 36729836 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our genomes harbor conserved DNA sequences, known as common fragile sites (CFSs), that are difficult to replicate and correspond to regions of genome instability. Following replication stress, CFS loci give rise to breaks or gaps (termed CFS expression) where under-replicated DNA subsequently undergoes mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS). We show that loss of the structure-selective endonuclease GEN1 reduces CFS expression, leading to defects in MiDAS, ultrafine anaphase bridge formation, and DNA damage in the ensuing cell cycle due to aberrant chromosome segregation. GEN1 knockout cells also exhibit an elevated frequency of bichromatid constrictions consistent with the presence of unresolved regions of under-replicated DNA. Previously, the role of GEN1 was thought to be restricted to the nucleolytic resolution of recombination intermediates. However, its ability to cleave under-replicated DNA at CFS loci indicates that GEN1 plays a dual role resolving both DNA replication and recombination intermediates before chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaid Benitez
- The Francis Crick Institute, DNA Recombination and Repair Laboratory, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Marie Sebald
- The Francis Crick Institute, DNA Recombination and Repair Laboratory, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Radhakrishnan Kanagaraj
- The Francis Crick Institute, DNA Recombination and Repair Laboratory, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Monica C Rodrigo-Brenni
- The Francis Crick Institute, DNA Recombination and Repair Laboratory, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ying Wai Chan
- The Francis Crick Institute, DNA Recombination and Repair Laboratory, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Chih-Chao Liang
- The Francis Crick Institute, DNA Recombination and Repair Laboratory, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stephen C West
- The Francis Crick Institute, DNA Recombination and Repair Laboratory, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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6
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Zhou S, Zhu J, Zhou PK, Gu Y. Alveolar type 2 epithelial cell senescence and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:999600. [PMID: 36407111 PMCID: PMC9666897 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.999600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a chronic and progressive respiratory tract disease characterized by collagen deposition. The pathogenesis of RIPF is still unclear. Type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AT2), the essential cells that maintain the structure and function of lung tissue, are crucial for developing pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies indicate the critical role of AT2 cell senescence during the onset and progression of RIPF. In addition, clearance of senescent AT2 cells and treatment with senolytic drugs efficiently improve lung function and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis symptoms. These findings indicate that AT2 cell senescence has the potential to contribute significantly to the innovative treatment of fibrotic lung disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge from basic and clinical research about the mechanism and functions of AT2 cell senescence in RIPF and points to the prospects for clinical treatment by targeting senescent AT2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Zhou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yongqing Gu, ; Ping-Kun Zhou,
| | - Yongqing Gu
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yongqing Gu, ; Ping-Kun Zhou,
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7
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Hassani MA, Murid J, Yan J. Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 gene and its association with malignancy. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 6:e1735. [PMID: 36253342 PMCID: PMC9875622 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the progression of next-generation sequencing technologies, researchers have identified numerous variants of the regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) gene that are associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypic manifestations, including malignancies. At the molecular level, RTEL1 is involved in the regulation of the repair, replication, and transcription of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the maintenance of telomere length. RTEL1 can act both as a promotor and inhibitor of tumorigenesis. Here, we review the potential mechanisms implicated in the malignant transformation of tissues under conditions of RTEL1 deficiency or its aberrant overexpression. RECENT FINDINGS A major hemostatic challenge during RTEL1 dysfunction could arise from its unbalanced activity for unwinding guanine-rich quadruplex DNA (G4-DNA) structures. In contrast, RTEL1 deficiency leads to alterations in telomeric and genome-wide DNA maintenance mechanisms, ribonucleoprotein metabolism, and the creation of an inflammatory and immune-deficient microenvironment, all promoting malignancy. Additionally, we hypothesize that functionally similar molecules could act to compensate for the deteriorated functions of RTEL1, thereby facilitating the survival of malignant cells. On the contrary, RTEL1 over-expression was directed toward G4-unwinding, by promoting replication fork progression and maintaining intact telomeres, may facilitate malignant transformation and proliferation of various pre-malignant cellular compartments. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, restoring the equilibrium of RTEL1 functions could serve as a therapeutic approach for preventing and treating malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arian Hassani
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of HematologySecond Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina,Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Ali Abad Teaching HospitalKabul University of Medical SciencesJamal menaKabulAfghanistan
| | - Jamshid Murid
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Ali Abad Teaching HospitalKabul University of Medical SciencesJamal menaKabulAfghanistan
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of HematologySecond Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina,Diamond Bay Institute of HematologySecond Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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8
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Stolzenbach V, Woods DC, Tilly JL. Non-neutral clonal selection and its potential role in mammalian germline stem cell dysfunction with advancing age. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942652. [PMID: 36081905 PMCID: PMC9445274 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of natural selection, or "survival of the fittest", refers to an evolutionary process in nature whereby traits emerge in individuals of a population through random gene alterations that enable those individuals to better adapt to changing environmental conditions. This genetic variance allows certain members of the population to gain an advantage over others in the same population to survive and reproduce in greater numbers under new environmental pressures, with the perpetuation of those advantageous traits in future progeny. Here we present that the behavior of adult stem cells in a tissue over time can, in many respects, be viewed in the same manner as evolution, with each stem cell clone being representative of an individual within a population. As stem cells divide or are subjected to cumulative oxidative damage over the lifespan of the organism, random genetic alterations are introduced into each clone that create variance in the population. These changes may occur in parallel to, or in response to, aging-associated changes in microenvironmental cues perceived by the stem cell population. While many of these alterations will be neutral or silent in terms of affecting cell function, a small fraction of these changes will enable certain clones to respond differently to shifts in microenvironmental conditions that arise with advancing age. In some cases, the same advantageous genetic changes that support survival and expansion of certain clones over others in the population (viz. non-neutral competition) could be detrimental to the downstream function of the differentiated stem cell descendants. In the context of the germline, such a situation would be devastating to successful propagation of the species across generations. However, even within a single generation, the “evolution” of stem cell lineages in the body over time can manifest into aging-related organ dysfunction and failure, as well as lead to chronic inflammation, hyperplasia, and cancer. Increased research efforts to evaluate stem cells within a population as individual entities will improve our understanding of how organisms age and how certain diseases develop, which in turn may open new opportunities for clinical detection and management of diverse pathologies.
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Jiang K, Ding Y, Dong C, Shan F, Guo K, Zhang J, Zhang F. BCLAF1, a functional partner of BACH1, participates in DNA damage response. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 118:103371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Peake JD, Noguchi E. Fanconi anemia: current insights regarding epidemiology, cancer, and DNA repair. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1811-1836. [PMID: 35596788 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a genetic disorder that is characterized by bone marrow failure, as well as a predisposition to malignancies including leukemia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). At least 22 genes are associated with Fanconi anemia, constituting the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway. This pathway coordinates multiple processes and proteins to facilitate the repair of DNA adducts including interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) that are generated by environmental carcinogens, chemotherapeutic crosslinkers, and metabolic products of alcohol. ICLs can interfere with DNA transactions, including replication and transcription. If not properly removed and repaired, ICLs cause DNA breaks and lead to genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Fanconi anemia, the epidemiology of the disease, and associated cancer risk. The sources of ICLs and the role of ICL-inducing chemotherapeutic agents will also be discussed. Finally, we will review the detailed mechanisms of ICL repair via the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway, highlighting critical regulatory processes. Together, the information in this review will underscore important contributions to Fanconi anemia research in the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine D Peake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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11
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Fadini GP, Albiero M. Impaired haematopoietic stem / progenitor cell traffic and multi-organ damage in diabetes. Stem Cells 2022; 40:716-723. [PMID: 35552468 PMCID: PMC9406601 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During antenatal development, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise from a specialized endothelium and migrate from the extraembryonic mesoderm to the fetal liver before establishing hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM). It is still debated whether, in adulthood, HSPCs display such ontologic overlap with vascular cells and capacity for endothelial differentiation. Yet, adult HSPCs retain a prominent migratory activity and traffic in the bloodstream to secondary lymphoid organs and all peripheral tissues, before eventually returning to the BM. While patrolling parenchymatous organs, HSPCs locate close to the vasculature, where they establish local hematopoietic islands and contribute to tissue homeostasis by paracrine signals. Solid evidence shows that diabetes mellitus jeopardizes the traffic of HSPCs from BM to the circulation and peripheral tissues, a condition called “mobilopathy.” A reduction in the levels of circulating HSPCs is the most immediate and apparent consequence, which has been consistently observed in human diabetes, and is strongly associated with future risk for multi-organ damage, including micro- and macro-angiopathy. But the shortage of HSPCs in the blood is only the visible tip of the iceberg. Abnormal HSPC traffic results from a complex interplay among metabolism, innate immunity, and hematopoiesis. Notably, mobilopathy is mechanistically connected with diabetes-induced myelopoiesis. Impaired traffic of HSPCs and enhanced generation of pro-inflammatory cells synergize for tissue damage and impair the resolution of inflammation. We herein summarize the current evidence that diabetes affects HSPC traffic, which are the causes and consequences of such alteration, and how it contributes to the overall disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
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12
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Xie MZ, Guo C, Dong JQ, Zhang J, Sun KT, Lu GJ, Wang L, Bo DY, Jiao LY, Zhao GA. Glyoxal damages human aortic endothelial cells by perturbing the glutathione, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:603. [PMID: 34922451 PMCID: PMC8684178 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02418-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to glyoxal, the smallest dialdehyde, is associated with several diseases; humans are routinely exposed to glyoxal because of its ubiquitous presence in foods and the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the damage caused by glyoxal in human aortic endothelial cells.
Methods Cell survival assays and quantitative fluorescence assays were performed to measure DNA damage; oxidative stress was detected by colorimetric assays and quantitative fluorescence, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways were assessed using western blotting. Results Exposure to glyoxal was found to be linked to abnormal glutathione activity, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. However, DNA damage and thioredoxin oxidation were not induced by dialdehydes. Conclusions Intracellular glutathione, members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and the mitochondrial membrane potential are all critical targets of glyoxal. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms perturbed by glyoxal, and may facilitate the development of new therapeutics and diagnostic markers for cardiovascular diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02418-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhang Xie
- Department of Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration (Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Neurorestoratology for Senile Dementia), First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Qi Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Integrating Western and Chinese of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Tao Sun
- Department of Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Jian Lu
- Department of Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ying Bo
- Department of Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Yang Jiao
- Department of Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-An Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Marrow failure and aging: The role of "Inflammaging". Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2021; 34:101283. [PMID: 34404535 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2021.101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite aging and the enormous cellular output required of the marrow every day of the lifespan, most aged patients do not suffer significant marrow failure or cytopenias, an attestation to the proliferative capacity of this system. However, as marrow and its hematopoietic stem cells age, a reduction in ability to maintain homeostasis after stress or with exposure to prolonged chronic inflammation, so-called "inflammaging," may contribute to cytopenias, inadequate immune responses, and dysplasia/leukemia. In some instances, these changes may be intrinsic to the stem cell but in others, there may be extrinsic environmental influences. In this review, the role of aging as it relates to stem cell changes, immune function, and anemia are reviewed.
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14
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Helbling-Leclerc A, Garcin C, Rosselli F. Beyond DNA repair and chromosome instability-Fanconi anaemia as a cellular senescence-associated syndrome. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1159-1173. [PMID: 33723374 PMCID: PMC8026967 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is the most frequent inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, due to mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in replication fork protection, DNA interstrand crosslink repair and replication rescue through inducing double-strand break repair and homologous recombination. Clinically, FA is characterised by aplastic anaemia, congenital defects and cancer predisposition. In in vitro studies, FA cells presented hallmarks defining senescent cells, including p53-p21 axis activation, altered telomere length, mitochondrial dysfunction, chromatin alterations, and a pro-inflammatory status. Senescence is a programme leading to proliferation arrest that is involved in different physiological contexts, such as embryogenesis, tissue remodelling and repair and guarantees tumour suppression activity. However, senescence can become a driving force for developmental abnormalities, aging and cancer. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge in the field to highlight the mutual relationships between FA and senescence that lead us to consider FA not only as a DNA repair and chromosome fragility syndrome but also as a "senescence syndrome".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Helbling-Leclerc
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388UMR9019-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Cedex France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France ,Equipe labellisée “La Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Villejuif, France
| | - Cécile Garcin
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388UMR9019-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Cedex France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France ,Equipe labellisée “La Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Villejuif, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- grid.14925.3b0000 0001 2284 9388UMR9019-CNRS, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Cedex France ,grid.460789.40000 0004 4910 6535Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France ,Equipe labellisée “La Ligue Contre le Cancer”, Villejuif, France
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15
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Lin B, Li H, Zhang T, Ye X, Yang H, Shen Y. Comprehensive analysis of macrophage-related multigene signature in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5718-5747. [PMID: 33592580 PMCID: PMC7950226 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are among the most abundant cells of the tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cancer (HNSC). Although the marker gene sets of macrophages have been found, the mechanism by which they affect macrophages and whether they further predict the clinical outcome is unclear. In this study, a univariate COX analysis and a random forest algorithm were used to construct a prognostic model. Differential expression of the key gene, methylation status, function, and signaling pathways were further analyzed. We cross-analyzed multiple databases to detect the relationship between the most critical gene and the infiltration of multiple immune cells, as well as its impact on the prognosis of pan-cancer. FANCE is recognized as hub gene by different algorithms. It was overexpressed in HNSC, and high expression was predictive of better prognosis. It might promote apoptosis through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The expression of FANCE is inversely proportional to the infiltration of CD4 + T cells and their subsets, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), M2 macrophages, but positively co-expressed with M1 macrophages. In summary, FANCE was identified as the hub gene from the macrophage marker gene set, and it may improve the prognosis of HNSC patients by inhibiting lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophages infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwen Zhang
- Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuehong Shen
- Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialty, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center of Oral Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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16
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Housh K, Jha JS, Haldar T, Amin SBM, Islam T, Wallace A, Gomina A, Guo X, Nel C, Wyatt JW, Gates KS. Formation and repair of unavoidable, endogenous interstrand cross-links in cellular DNA. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 98:103029. [PMID: 33385969 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome integrity is essential for life and, as a result, DNA repair systems evolved to remove unavoidable DNA lesions from cellular DNA. Many forms of life possess the capacity to remove interstrand DNA cross-links (ICLs) from their genome but the identity of the naturally-occurring, endogenous substrates that drove the evolution and retention of these DNA repair systems across a wide range of life forms remains uncertain. In this review, we describe more than a dozen chemical processes by which endogenous ICLs plausibly can be introduced into cellular DNA. The majority involve DNA degradation processes that introduce aldehyde residues into the double helix or reactions of DNA with endogenous low molecular weight aldehyde metabolites. A smaller number of the cross-linking processes involve reactions of DNA radicals generated by oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Housh
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Jay S Jha
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Tuhin Haldar
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Saosan Binth Md Amin
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Tanhaul Islam
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Amanda Wallace
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Anuoluwapo Gomina
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Xu Guo
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Christopher Nel
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Jesse W Wyatt
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Kent S Gates
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; University of Missouri, Department of Biochemistry, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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17
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García-de-Teresa B, Rodríguez A, Frias S. Chromosome Instability in Fanconi Anemia: From Breaks to Phenotypic Consequences. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1528. [PMID: 33371494 PMCID: PMC7767525 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA), a chromosomal instability syndrome, is caused by inherited pathogenic variants in any of 22 FANC genes, which cooperate in the FA/BRCA pathway. This pathway regulates the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) through homologous recombination. In FA proper repair of ICLs is impaired and accumulation of toxic DNA double strand breaks occurs. To repair this type of DNA damage, FA cells activate alternative error-prone DNA repair pathways, which may lead to the formation of gross structural chromosome aberrations of which radial figures are the hallmark of FA, and their segregation during cell division are the origin of subsequent aberrations such as translocations, dicentrics and acentric fragments. The deficiency in DNA repair has pleiotropic consequences in the phenotype of patients with FA, including developmental alterations, bone marrow failure and an extreme risk to develop cancer. The mechanisms leading to the physical abnormalities during embryonic development have not been clearly elucidated, however FA has features of premature aging with chronic inflammation mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, which results in tissue attrition, selection of malignant clones and cancer onset. Moreover, chromosomal instability and cell death are not exclusive of the somatic compartment, they also affect germinal cells, as evidenced by the infertility observed in patients with FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benilde García-de-Teresa
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Sara Frias
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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18
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Impact of Epigenetics on Complications of Fanconi Anemia: The Role of Vitamin D-Modulated Immunity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051355. [PMID: 32397406 PMCID: PMC7285109 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare disorder with the clinical characteristics of (i) specific malformations at birth, (ii) progressive bone marrow failure already during early childhood and (iii) dramatically increased risk of developing cancer in early age, such as acute myeloid leukemia and squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with FA show DNA fragility due to a defect in the DNA repair machinery based on predominately recessive mutations in 23 genes. Interestingly, patients originating from the same family and sharing an identical mutation, frequently show significant differences in their clinical presentation. This implies that epigenetics plays an important role in the manifestation of the disease. The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 controls cellular growth, differentiation and apoptosis via the modulation of the immune system. The nuclear hormone activates the transcription factor vitamin D receptor that affects, via fine-tuning of the epigenome, the transcription of >1000 human genes. In this review, we discuss that changes in the epigenome, in particular in immune cells, may be central for the clinical manifestation of FA. These epigenetic changes can be modulated by vitamin D suggesting that the individual FA patient’s vitamin D status and responsiveness are of critical importance for disease progression.
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19
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Hou H, Li D, Gao J, Gao L, Lu Q, Hu Y, Wu S, Chu X, Yao Y, Wan L, Ling J, Pan J, Xu G, Hu S. Proteomic profiling and bioinformatics analysis identify key regulators during the process from fanconi anemia to acute myeloid leukemia. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1415-1427. [PMID: 32355551 PMCID: PMC7191167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a congenital aplastic anemia, characterized as congenital bone marrow failure, developmental malformation, and the malignant tendency, which may develop into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, few studies have been conducted on the progression from FA to AML. In this study, we used proteomic profiling, together with bioinformatics analyses, to explore the molecular mechanisms by which FA progresses to AML. Quantitative proteomic analyses of bone marrow samples identified 168 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 7 upregulated proteins and 161 downregulated proteins in the bone marrow of the FA patient compared with the healthy people. The upregulated proteins were enriched in response to stress, oxygen transport, and hydrogen peroxide catabolic process. The downregulated proteins were enriched in myeloid leukocyte mediated immunity, response to interleukin-12, platelet degranulation and regulation of ATPase activity. Based on these results, we discovered 155 DEPs (142 upregulated and 13 downregulated) in the bone marrow samples between FA and AML patients, of which HIST1H1D, HIST1H3A, PSME1 and THRAP3 may play important roles in the progression of FA to AML and may be used as markers for AML early diagnosis. Finally, cell-line based experiments confirmed that PSME1 had an important effect on the proliferation of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hou
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
- Inner Mongolia People’s HospitalHohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuiyan Wu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinran Chu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Yao
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Brosh RM, Matson SW. History of DNA Helicases. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030255. [PMID: 32120966 PMCID: PMC7140857 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the DNA double helix, there has been a fascination in understanding the molecular mechanisms and cellular processes that account for: (i) the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next and (ii) the remarkable stability of the genome. Nucleic acid biologists have endeavored to unravel the mysteries of DNA not only to understand the processes of DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription but to also characterize the underlying basis of genetic diseases characterized by chromosomal instability. Perhaps unexpectedly at first, DNA helicases have arisen as a key class of enzymes to study in this latter capacity. From the first discovery of ATP-dependent DNA unwinding enzymes in the mid 1970's to the burgeoning of helicase-dependent pathways found to be prevalent in all kingdoms of life, the story of scientific discovery in helicase research is rich and informative. Over four decades after their discovery, we take this opportunity to provide a history of DNA helicases. No doubt, many chapters are left to be written. Nonetheless, at this juncture we are privileged to share our perspective on the DNA helicase field - where it has been, its current state, and where it is headed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Brosh
- Section on DNA Helicases, Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.J.); (S.W.M.); Tel.: +1-410-558-8578 (R.M.B.J.); +1-919-962-0005 (S.W.M.)
| | - Steven W. Matson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (R.M.B.J.); (S.W.M.); Tel.: +1-410-558-8578 (R.M.B.J.); +1-919-962-0005 (S.W.M.)
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21
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Lambert MW. The functional importance of lamins, actin, myosin, spectrin and the LINC complex in DNA repair. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1382-1406. [PMID: 31581813 PMCID: PMC6880146 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219876651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Three major proteins in the nucleoskeleton, lamins, actin, and spectrin, play essential roles in maintenance of nuclear architecture and the integrity of the nuclear envelope, in mechanotransduction and mechanical coupling between the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton, and in nuclear functions such as regulation of gene expression, transcription and DNA replication. Less well known, but critically important, are the role these proteins play in DNA repair. The A-type and B-type lamins, nuclear actin and myosin, spectrin and the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex each function in repair of DNA damage utilizing various repair pathways. The lamins play a role in repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Actin is involved in repair of DNA DSBs and interacts with myosin in facilitating relocalization of these DSBs in heterochromatin for HR repair. Nonerythroid alpha spectrin (αSpII) plays a critical role in repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) where it acts as a scaffold in recruitment of repair proteins to sites of damage and is important in the initial damage recognition and incision steps of the repair process. The LINC complex contributes to the repair of DNA DSBs and ICLs. This review will address the important functions of these proteins in the DNA repair process, their mechanism of action, and the profound impact a defect or deficiency in these proteins has on cellular function. The critical roles of these proteins in DNA repair will be further emphasized by discussing the human disorders and the pathophysiological changes that result from or are related to deficiencies in these proteins. The demonstrated function for each of these proteins in the DNA repair process clearly indicates that there is another level of complexity that must be considered when mechanistically examining factors crucial for DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel W Lambert
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory
Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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22
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Goodman SR, Johnson D, Youngentob SL, Kakhniashvili D. The Spectrinome: The Interactome of a Scaffold Protein Creating Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Connectivity and Function. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1273-1302. [PMID: 31483159 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219867269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a review of Spectrin isoform function in the cytoplasm, the nucleus, the cell surface, and in intracellular signaling. We then discuss the importance of Spectrin’s E2/E3 chimeric ubiquitin conjugating and ligating activity in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Finally we present spectrin isoform subunit specific human diseases. We have created the Spectrinome, from the Human Proteome, Human Reactome and Human Atlas data and demonstrated how it can be a useful tool in visualizing and understanding spectrins myriad of cellular functions.Impact statementSpectrin was for the first 12 years after its discovery thought to be found only in erythrocytes. In 1981, Goodman and colleagues1found that spectrin-like molecules were ubiquitously found in non-erythroid cells leading to a great multitude of publications over the next thirty eight years. The discovery of multiple spectrin isoforms found associated with every cellular compartment, and representing 2-3% of cellular protein, has brought us to today’s understanding that spectrin is a scaffolding protein, with its own E2/E3 chimeric ubiquitin conjugating ligating activity that is involved in virtually every cellular function. We cover the history, localized functions of spectrin isoforms, human diseases caused by mutations, and provide the spectrinome: a useful tool for understanding the myriad of functions for one of the most important proteins in all eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Goodman
- Department of Pediatrics, Memphis Institute of Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103
| | - Daniel Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Memphis Institute of Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103
| | - Steven L Youngentob
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Memphis Institute of Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103
| | - David Kakhniashvili
- Department of Pediatrics, Memphis Institute of Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103
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23
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DNA damage in aging, the stem cell perspective. Hum Genet 2019; 139:309-331. [PMID: 31324975 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is one of the most consistent cellular process proposed to contribute to aging. The maintenance of genomic and epigenomic integrity is critical for proper function of cells and tissues throughout life, and this homeostasis is under constant strain from both extrinsic and intrinsic insults. Considering the relationship between lifespan and genotoxic burden, it is plausible that the longest-lived cellular populations would face an accumulation of DNA damage over time. Tissue-specific stem cells are multipotent populations residing in localized niches and are responsible for maintaining all lineages of their resident tissue/system throughout life. However, many of these stem cells are impacted by genotoxic stress. Several factors may dictate the specific stem cell population response to DNA damage, including the niche location, life history, and fate decisions after damage accrual. This leads to differential handling of DNA damage in different stem cell compartments. Given the importance of adult stem cells in preserving normal tissue function during an individual's lifetime, DNA damage sensitivity and accumulation in these compartments could have crucial implications for aging. Despite this, more support for direct functional effects driven by accumulated DNA damage in adult stem cell compartments is needed. This review will present current evidence for the accumulation and potential influence of DNA damage in adult tissue-specific stem cells and propose inquiry directions that could benefit individual healthspan.
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24
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Huang J, Zhang J, Bellani MA, Pokharel D, Gichimu J, James RC, Gali H, Ling C, Yan Z, Xu D, Chen J, Meetei AR, Li L, Wang W, Seidman MM. Remodeling of Interstrand Crosslink Proximal Replisomes Is Dependent on ATR, FANCM, and FANCD2. Cell Rep 2019; 27:1794-1808.e5. [PMID: 31067464 PMCID: PMC6676478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic replisomes are driven by the mini chromosome maintenance (MCM [M]) helicase complex, an offset ring locked around the template for leading strand synthesis by CDC45 (C) and GINS (G) proteins. Although the CDC45 MCM GINS (CMG) structure implies that interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are absolute blocks to replisomes, recent studies indicate that cells can restart DNA synthesis on the side of the ICL distal to the initial encounter. Here, we report that restart requires ATR and is promoted by FANCD2 and phosphorylated FANCM. Following introduction of genomic ICLs and dependent on ATR and FANCD2 but not on the Fanconi anemia core proteins or FAAP24, FANCM binds the replisome complex, with concomitant release of the GINS proteins. In situ analysis of replisomes proximal to ICLs confirms the ATR-dependent release of GINS proteins while CDC45 is retained on the remodeled replisome. The results demonstrate the plasticity of CMG composition in response to replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marina A Bellani
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Durga Pokharel
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Julia Gichimu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ryan C James
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Himabindu Gali
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., K-712D, Boston, MA 02118-2526
| | - Chen Ling
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zhijiang Yan
- Institute of DNA Repair Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongyi Xu
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Amom Ruhikanta Meetei
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology and Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Weidong Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael M Seidman
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Datta A, Brosh RM. Holding All the Cards-How Fanconi Anemia Proteins Deal with Replication Stress and Preserve Genomic Stability. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020170. [PMID: 30813363 PMCID: PMC6409899 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a hereditary chromosomal instability disorder often displaying congenital abnormalities and characterized by a predisposition to progressive bone marrow failure (BMF) and cancer. Over the last 25 years since the discovery of the first linkage of genetic mutations to FA, its molecular genetic landscape has expanded tremendously as it became apparent that FA is a disease characterized by a defect in a specific DNA repair pathway responsible for the correction of covalent cross-links between the two complementary strands of the DNA double helix. This pathway has become increasingly complex, with the discovery of now over 20 FA-linked genes implicated in interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair. Moreover, gene products known to be involved in double-strand break (DSB) repair, mismatch repair (MMR), and nucleotide excision repair (NER) play roles in the ICL response and repair of associated DNA damage. While ICL repair is predominantly coupled with DNA replication, it also can occur in non-replicating cells. DNA damage accumulation and hematopoietic stem cell failure are thought to contribute to the increased inflammation and oxidative stress prevalent in FA. Adding to its confounding nature, certain FA gene products are also engaged in the response to replication stress, caused endogenously or by agents other than ICL-inducing drugs. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic aspects of the FA pathway and the molecular defects leading to elevated replication stress believed to underlie the cellular phenotypes and clinical features of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Datta
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a disease of DNA repair characterized by bone marrow failure and a reduced ability to remove DNA interstrand cross-links. Here, we provide evidence that the FA protein FANCI also functions in ribosome biogenesis, the process of making ribosomes that initiates in the nucleolus. We show that FANCI localizes to the nucleolus and is functionally and physically tied to the transcription of pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and to large ribosomal subunit (LSU) pre-rRNA processing independent of FANCD2. While FANCI is known to be monoubiquitinated when activated for DNA repair, we find that it is predominantly in the deubiquitinated state in the nucleolus, requiring the nucleoplasmic deubiquitinase (DUB) USP1 and the nucleolar DUB USP36. Our model suggests a possible dual pathophysiology for FA that includes defects in DNA repair and in ribosome biogenesis.
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Cayuela ML, Claes KBM, Ferreira MG, Henriques CM, van Eeden F, Varga M, Vierstraete J, Mione MC. The Zebrafish as an Emerging Model to Study DNA Damage in Aging, Cancer and Other Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 6:178. [PMID: 30687705 PMCID: PMC6335974 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of the elderly, and old age is its largest risk factor. With age, DNA damage accumulates continuously, increasing the chance of malignant transformation. The zebrafish has emerged as an important vertebrate model to study these processes. Key mechanisms such as DNA damage responses and cellular senescence can be studied in zebrafish throughout its life course. In addition, the zebrafish is becoming an important resource to study telomere biology in aging, regeneration and cancer. Here we review some of the tools and resources that zebrafish researchers have developed and discuss their potential use in the study of DNA damage, cancer and aging related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Cayuela
- Telomerase, Cancer and Aging Group, Surgery Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Catarina Martins Henriques
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Máté Varga
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Lendület Nephrogenetic Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary
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Lambert MW. Spectrin and its interacting partners in nuclear structure and function. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 243:507-524. [PMID: 29557213 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218763563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonerythroid αII-spectrin is a structural protein whose roles in the nucleus have just begun to be explored. αII-spectrin is an important component of the nucleoskelelton and has both structural and non-structural functions. Its best known role is in repair of DNA ICLs both in genomic and telomeric DNA. αII-spectrin aids in the recruitment of repair proteins to sites of damage and a proposed mechanism of action is presented. It interacts with a number of different groups of proteins in the nucleus, indicating it has roles in additional cellular functions. αII-spectrin, in its structural role, associates/co-purifies with proteins important in maintaining the architecture and mechanical properties of the nucleus such as lamin, emerin, actin, protein 4.1, nuclear myosin, and SUN proteins. It is important for the resilience and elasticity of the nucleus. Thus, αII-spectrin's role in cellular functions is complex due to its structural as well as non-structural roles and understanding the consequences of a loss or deficiency of αII-spectrin in the nucleus is a significant challenge. In the bone marrow failure disorder, Fanconi anemia, there is a deficiency in αII-spectrin and, among other characteristics, there is defective DNA repair, chromosome instability, and congenital abnormalities. One may speculate that a deficiency in αII-spectrin plays an important role not only in the DNA repair defect but also in the congenital anomalies observed in Fanconi anemia , particularly since αII-spectrin has been shown to be important in embryonic development in a mouse model. The dual roles of αII-spectrin in the nucleus in both structural and non-structural functions make this an extremely important protein which needs to be investigated further. Such investigations should help unravel the complexities of αII-spectrin's interactions with other nuclear proteins and enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of disorders, such as Fanconi anemia , in which there is a deficiency in αII-spectrin. Impact statement The nucleoskeleton is critical for maintaining the architecture and functional integrity of the nucleus. Nonerythroid α-spectrin (αIISp) is an essential nucleoskeletal protein; however, its interactions with other structural and non-structural nuclear proteins and its functional importance in the nucleus have only begun to be explored. This review addresses these issues. It describes αIISp's association with DNA repair proteins and at least one proposed mechanism of action for its role in DNA repair. Specific interactions of αIISp with other nucleoskeletal proteins as well as its important role in the biomechanical properties of the nucleus are reviewed. The consequences of loss of αIISp, in disorders such as Fanconi anemia, are examined, providing insights into the profound impact of this loss on critical processes known to be abnormal in FA, such as development, carcinogenesis, cancer progression and cellular functions dependent upon αIISp's interactions with other nucleoskeletal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel W Lambert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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29
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Congenital neutropenia and primary immunodeficiency diseases. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 133:149-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa R, Carrington B, Ramaswami M, Bishop K, Robbins GM, Jones M, Harper U, Frederickson SC, Kimble DC, Sood R, Chandrasekharappa SC. Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of 19 Fanconi anemia pathway genes in zebrafish revealed their roles in growth, sexual development and fertility. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007821. [PMID: 30540754 PMCID: PMC6328202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a genomic instability syndrome resulting in aplastic anemia, developmental abnormalities, and predisposition to hematological and other solid organ malignancies. Mutations in genes that encode proteins of the FA pathway fail to orchestrate the repair of DNA damage caused by DNA interstrand crosslinks. Zebrafish harbor homologs for nearly all known FA genes. We used multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis to generate loss-of-function mutants for 17 FA genes: fanca, fancb, fancc, fancd1/brca2, fancd2, fance, fancf, fancg, fanci, fancj/brip1, fancl, fancm, fancn/palb2, fanco/rad51c, fancp/slx4, fancq/ercc4, fanct/ube2t, and two genes encoding FA-associated proteins: faap100 and faap24. We selected two indel mutations predicted to cause premature truncations for all but two of the genes, and a total of 36 mutant lines were generated for 19 genes. Generating two independent mutant lines for each gene was important to validate their phenotypic consequences. RT-PCR from homozygous mutant fish confirmed the presence of transcripts with indels in all genes. Interestingly, 4 of the indel mutations led to aberrant splicing, which may produce a different protein than predicted from the genomic sequence. Analysis of RNA is thus critical in proper evaluation of the consequences of the mutations introduced in zebrafish genome. We used fluorescent reporter assay, and western blots to confirm loss-of-function for several mutants. Additionally, we developed a DEB treatment assay by evaluating morphological changes in embryos and confirmed that homozygous mutants from all the FA genes that could be tested (11/17), displayed hypersensitivity and thus were indeed null alleles. Our multiplexing strategy helped us to evaluate 11 multiple gene knockout combinations without additional breeding. Homozygous zebrafish for all 19 single and 11 multi-gene knockouts were adult viable, indicating FA genes in zebrafish are generally not essential for early development. None of the mutant fish displayed gross developmental abnormalities except for fancp-/- fish, which were significantly smaller in length than their wildtype clutch mates. Complete female-to-male sex reversal was observed in knockouts for 12/17 FA genes, while partial sex reversal was seen for the other five gene knockouts. All adult females were fertile, and among the adult males, all were fertile except for the fancd1 mutants and one of the fancj mutants. We report here generation and characterization of zebrafish knockout mutants for 17 FA disease-causing genes, providing an integral resource for understanding the pathophysiology associated with the disrupted FA pathway. Deficiencies in repair of DNA damage can cause diseases such as Fanconi anemia (FA), which is characterized by birth defects, bone marrow failure, anemia, leukemia and other cancers. A set of proteins constitute the FA pathway and together orchestrate the DNA repair process. Inactivation of one or more gene(s) encoding the proteins of the DNA repair pathway in an animal model would enable us to study the functions of these proteins in maintenance of normal cellular functions and the overall health of an individual in the absence of function. We systematically targeted the FA pathway in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9. We generated 36 fish lines with loss-of-function mutations in 19 FA pathway genes and showed that all survive to adulthood. We did not notice obvious morphological changes except in fancp gene-inactivated fish, which were smaller in length. However, all mutant fish were either exclusively or in majority male. Unlike reduced fertility among FA patients, all adult mutant fish were fertile, except for the fancd1 and fancj knockout males. These mutant zebrafish will serve as a huge resource for the scientific community to study the role of FA proteins in fish development, DNA repair, and as models for FA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanagouda Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Blake Carrington
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mukundhan Ramaswami
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle M. Robbins
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - MaryPat Jones
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ursula Harper
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Frederickson
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danielle C. Kimble
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Settara C. Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sivananthan A, Shields D, Fisher R, Hou W, Zhang X, Franicola D, Epperly MW, Wipf P, Greenberger JS. Continuous One Year Oral Administration of the Radiation Mitigator, MMS350, after Total-Body Irradiation, Restores Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Proliferative Capacity and Reduces Senescence in Fanconi Anemia (Fanca -/-) Mice. Radiat Res 2018; 191:139-153. [PMID: 30499383 DOI: 10.1667/rr15199.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We quantitated age-related accumulation of senescent cells in irradiated Fanconi anemia (FA) (Fanca-/- mouse cell lines in vitro, and monitored the effect of continuous administration (via drinking water) of the water-soluble radiation mitigator, MMS350, on tissues in vivo over one year after 7.5 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI). Irradiated Fanca-/- mouse bone marrow stromal cell lines showed increased numbers of beta-galactosidase- and p21-positive senescent cells compared to Fanca+/+ cell lines, which was reduced by MMS350. One week after 7.5 Gy TBI, Fanca-/- mice showed increased numbers of senescent cells in spleen compared to Fanca+/+ controls, decreased bone marrow cellularity, failure of explanted bone marrow to proliferate in vitro to form a hematopoietic microenvironment and no detectable single stromal cell cloning capacity. There was no detectable amelioration by MMS350 administration at one week. In contrast, one year post-TBI, Fanca-/- mice demonstrated fewer senescent cells in brain and spleen compared to Fanca+/+ controls. While Fanca-/- mouse bone marrow stromal cells explanted one year post-TBI still failed to proliferate in vitro, continuous oral administration of 400 µ M, MMS350 in drinking water restored explanted stromal cell proliferation. The data indicate that continuous administration of MMS350 modulated several properties of TBI-accelerated aging in Fanca-/- mice as well as control mice, and support further study of MMS350 as a modulator of radiation late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranee Sivananthan
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Donna Shields
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Renee Fisher
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Wen Hou
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Xichen Zhang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Darcy Franicola
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Michael W Epperly
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Peter Wipf
- b Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- a Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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32
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Domenech C, Maillard L, Rousseau A, Guidez F, Petit L, Pla M, Clay D, Guimiot F, Sanfilippo S, Jacques S, de la Grange P, Robil N, Soulier J, Souyri M. Studies in an Early Development Window Unveils a Severe HSC Defect in both Murine and Human Fanconi Anemia. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1075-1091. [PMID: 30449320 PMCID: PMC6234961 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) causes bone marrow failure early during childhood, and recent studies indicate that a hematopoietic defect could begin in utero. We performed a unique kinetics study of hematopoiesis in Fancg-/- mouse embryos, between the early embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) to E12.5 developmental window (when the highest level of hematopoietic stem cells [HSC] amplification takes place) and E14.5. This study reveals a deep HSC defect with exhaustion of proliferative and self-renewal capacities very early during development, together with severe FA clinical and biological manifestations, which are mitigated at E14.5 due to compensatory mechanisms that help to ensure survival of Fancg-/- embryos. It also reports that a deep HSC defect is also observed during human FA development, and that human FA fetal liver (FL) HSCs present a transcriptome profile similar to that of mouse E12.5 Fancg-/- FL HSCs. Altogether, our results highlight that early mouse FL could represent a good alternative model for studying Fanconi pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Domenech
- CNRS UMR7622/IBPS, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Maillard
- CNRS UMR7622/IBPS, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alix Rousseau
- IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM U944/CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Guidez
- INSERM UMR_S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Petit
- CNRS UMR7622/IBPS, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Marika Pla
- INSERM UMR_S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Denis Clay
- INSERM U972, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France; Plateforme de cytométrie, UMS33, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabien Guimiot
- Service de Foetopathologie, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Sanfilippo
- CNRS UMR7622/IBPS, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean Soulier
- IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM U944/CNRS UMR7212, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Souyri
- CNRS UMR7622/IBPS, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France; INSERM UMR_S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; IUH, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Huang JP, Lin J, Tzen CY, Huang WY, Tsai CC, Chen CJ, Lu YJ, Chou KF, Su YW. FANCA D1359Y mutation in a patient with gastric polyposis and cancer susceptibility: A case report and review of literature. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4412-4418. [PMID: 30344425 PMCID: PMC6189845 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i38.4412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric polyposis is a rare disease. Not all polyps progress to cancer. Monoallelic mutation in Fanconi anemia (FA) genes, unlike biallelic gene mutations that causes typical FA phenotype, can increase risks of cancers in a sporadic manner. Aberrations in the FA pathway were reported in all molecular subtypes of gastric cancer. We studied a patient with synchronous gastric cancer from gastric polyposis by conducting a 13-year long-term follow up. Via pathway-driven massive parallel genomic sequencing, a germline mutation at FANCA D1359Y was identified. We identified several recurrent mutations in DNA methylation (TET1, V873I), the β-catenin pathway (CTNNB1, S45F) and RHO signaling pathway (PLEKHG5, R203C) by comparing the genetic events between benign and malignant gastric polyps. Furthermore, we revealed gastric polyposis susceptible genes and genetic events promoting malignant transformation using pathway-driven targeted gene sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Peng Huang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10491, Taiwan
| | - Johnson Lin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10491, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Tzen
- Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10491, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Huang
- Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui Branch, New Taipei City 25160, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Tsai
- Department of General Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10491, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10491, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jung Lu
- ACT Genomics Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Fang Chou
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10491, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Su
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10491, Taiwan
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DNA damage and tissue repair: What we can learn from planaria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:145-159. [PMID: 29727725 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Faithful renewal of aging and damaged tissues is central to organismal lifespan. Stem cells (SCs) generate the cellular progeny that replenish adult tissues across the body but this task becomes increasingly compromised over time. The age related decline in SC-mediated tissue maintenance is a multifactorial event that commonly affects genome integrity. The presence of DNA damage in SCs that are under continuous demand to divide poses a great risk for age-related disorders such as cancer. However, performing analysis of SCs with genomic instability and the DNA damage response during tissue renewal present significant challenges. Here we introduce an alternative experimental system based on the planaria flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea to address at the organismal level studies intersecting SC-mediated tissue renewal in the presence of genomic instability. Planaria have abundant SCs (neoblasts) that maintain high rates of cellular turnover and a variety of molecular tools have been developed to induce DNA damage and dissect how neoblasts respond to this stressor. S. mediterranea displays high evolutionary conservation of DNA repair mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating adult SCs. We describe genetically induced-DNA damage models and highlight body-wide signals affecting cellular decisions such as survival, proliferation, and death in the presence of genomic instability. We also discuss transcriptomic changes in the DNA damage response during injury repair and propose DNA repair as key component of tissue regeneration. Additional studies using planaria will provide insights about mechanisms regulating survival and growth of cells with DNA damage during tissue renewal and regeneration.
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35
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Sumpter R, Levine B. Emerging functions of the Fanconi anemia pathway at a glance. J Cell Sci 2018; 130:2657-2662. [PMID: 28811338 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare disease, in which homozygous or compound heterozygous inactivating mutations in any of 21 genes lead to genomic instability, early-onset bone marrow failure and increased cancer risk. The FA pathway is essential for DNA damage response (DDR) to DNA interstrand crosslinks. However, proteins of the FA pathway have additional cytoprotective functions that may be independent of DDR. We have shown that many FA proteins participate in the selective autophagy pathway that is required for the destruction of unwanted intracellular constituents. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we briefly review the role of the FA pathway in DDR and recent findings that link proteins of the FA pathway to selective autophagy of viruses and mitochondria. Finally, we discuss how perturbations in FA protein-mediated selective autophagy may contribute to inflammatory as well as genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Sumpter
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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36
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RecQ and Fe-S helicases have unique roles in DNA metabolism dictated by their unwinding directionality, substrate specificity, and protein interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 46:77-95. [PMID: 29273621 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicases are molecular motors that play central roles in nucleic acid metabolism. Mutations in genes encoding DNA helicases of the RecQ and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) helicase families are linked to hereditary disorders characterized by chromosomal instabilities, highlighting the importance of these enzymes. Moreover, mono-allelic RecQ and Fe-S helicase mutations are associated with a broad spectrum of cancers. This review will discuss and contrast the specialized molecular functions and biological roles of RecQ and Fe-S helicases in DNA repair, the replication stress response, and the regulation of gene expression, laying a foundation for continued research in these important areas of study.
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DNA Damage as a Driver for Growth Delay: Chromosome Instability Syndromes with Intrauterine Growth Retardation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8193892. [PMID: 29238724 PMCID: PMC5702399 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8193892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA is constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous mutagenic stimuli that are capable of producing diverse lesions. In order to protect the integrity of the genetic material, a wide array of DNA repair systems that can target each specific lesion has evolved. Despite the availability of several repair pathways, a common general program known as the DNA damage response (DDR) is stimulated to promote lesion detection, signaling, and repair in order to maintain genetic integrity. The genes that participate in these pathways are subject to mutation; a loss in their function would result in impaired DNA repair and genomic instability. When the DDR is constitutionally altered, every cell of the organism, starting from development, will show DNA damage and subsequent genomic instability. The cellular response to this is either uncontrolled proliferation and cell cycle deregulation that ensues overgrowth, or apoptosis and senescence that result in tissue hypoplasia. These diverging growth abnormalities can clinically translate as cancer or growth retardation; both features can be found in chromosome instability syndromes (CIS). The analysis of the clinical, cellular, and molecular phenotypes of CIS with intrauterine growth retardation allows inferring that replication alteration is their unifying feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Keijzers
- From the Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Daniela Bakula
- From the Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- From the Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
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Foglesong JS, Bannon SA, DiNardo CD. Inherited Bone Failure Syndromes, Focus on the Haematological Manifestations: A Review. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10310433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide the haematologist with a working knowledge of the common inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (iBMFS) diagnosed in early childhood to young adulthood. Although these disorders are heterogeneous, this article discusses their common features, pathophysiology, and management. Each of these syndromes has a spectrum of clinical variation and can cause both haematological and non-haematological manifestations. Most pathogenic mutations responsible are in genes important to a progenitor cell’s ability to maintain genomic integrity, which accounts for the clinical phenotypes often affecting multiple tissues. Furthermore, all of these syndromes predispose not only to aplastic anaemia but also to myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukaemia. Since iBMFS only account for a small percentage of childhood leukaemia cases, it is important that the clinician maintains a high clinical suspicion as appropriate diagnosis impacts treatment, health screening, and family members. Identification of iBMFS is critically important for appropriate donor selection and transplant regimens, as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is curative for the haematological manifestations of these diseases, but treatment-related mortality can be excessive if modifications are not made to conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Foglesong
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah A. Bannon
- Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney D. DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Deng XD, Gao Q, Zhang W, Zhang B, Ma Y, Zhang LX, Muer C, Xie Y, Liu Y. The age-related expression decline of ERCC1 and XPF for forensic age estimation: A preliminary study. J Forensic Leg Med 2017; 49:15-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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41
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Abdullah UB, McGouran JF, Brolih S, Ptchelkine D, El-Sagheer AH, Brown T, McHugh PJ. RPA activates the XPF-ERCC1 endonuclease to initiate processing of DNA interstrand crosslinks. EMBO J 2017; 36:2047-2060. [PMID: 28607004 PMCID: PMC5510000 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During replication-coupled DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair, the XPF-ERCC1 endonuclease is required for the incisions that release, or "unhook", ICLs, but the mechanism of ICL unhooking remains largely unknown. Incisions are triggered when the nascent leading strand of a replication fork strikes the ICL Here, we report that while purified XPF-ERCC1 incises simple ICL-containing model replication fork structures, the presence of a nascent leading strand, modelling the effects of replication arrest, inhibits this activity. Strikingly, the addition of the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding replication protein A (RPA) selectively restores XPF-ERCC1 endonuclease activity on this structure. The 5'-3' exonuclease SNM1A can load from the XPF-ERCC1-RPA-induced incisions and digest past the crosslink to quantitatively complete the unhooking reaction. We postulate that these collaborative activities of XPF-ERCC1, RPA and SNM1A might explain how ICL unhooking is achieved in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummi B Abdullah
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sanja Brolih
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denis Ptchelkine
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter J McHugh
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Crouch JD, Brosh RM. Mechanistic and biological considerations of oxidatively damaged DNA for helicase-dependent pathways of nucleic acid metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:245-257. [PMID: 27884703 PMCID: PMC5440220 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cells are under constant assault from reactive oxygen species that occur endogenously or arise from environmental agents. An important consequence of such stress is the generation of oxidatively damaged DNA, which is represented by a wide range of non-helix distorting and helix-distorting bulkier lesions that potentially affect a number of pathways including replication and transcription; consequently DNA damage tolerance and repair pathways are elicited to help cells cope with the lesions. The cellular consequences and metabolism of oxidatively damaged DNA can be quite complex with a number of DNA metabolic proteins and pathways involved. Many of the responses to oxidative stress involve a specialized class of enzymes known as helicases, the topic of this review. Helicases are molecular motors that convert the energy of nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis to unwinding of structured polynucleic acids. Helicases by their very nature play fundamentally important roles in DNA metabolism and are implicated in processes that suppress chromosomal instability, genetic disease, cancer, and aging. We will discuss the roles of helicases in response to nuclear and mitochondrial oxidative stress and how this important class of enzymes help cells cope with oxidatively generated DNA damage through their functions in the replication stress response, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Crouch
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Walsh MF, Chang VY, Kohlmann WK, Scott HS, Cunniff C, Bourdeaut F, Molenaar JJ, Porter CC, Sandlund JT, Plon SE, Wang LL, Savage SA. Recommendations for Childhood Cancer Screening and Surveillance in DNA Repair Disorders. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:e23-e31. [PMID: 28572264 PMCID: PMC5697784 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair syndromes are heterogeneous disorders caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins key in DNA replication and/or the cellular response to DNA damage. The majority of these syndromes are inherited in an autosomal-recessive manner, but autosomal-dominant and X-linked recessive disorders also exist. The clinical features of patients with DNA repair syndromes are highly varied and dependent on the underlying genetic cause. Notably, all patients have elevated risks of syndrome-associated cancers, and many of these cancers present in childhood. Although it is clear that the risk of cancer is increased, there are limited data defining the true incidence of cancer and almost no evidence-based approaches to cancer surveillance in patients with DNA repair disorders. This article is the product of the October 2016 AACR Childhood Cancer Predisposition Workshop, which brought together experts from around the world to discuss and develop cancer surveillance guidelines for children with cancer-prone disorders. Herein, we focus on the more common of the rare DNA repair disorders: ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, Nijmegen breakage syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, and Xeroderma pigmentosum. Dedicated syndrome registries and a combination of basic science and clinical research have led to important insights into the underlying biology of these disorders. Given the rarity of these disorders, it is recommended that centralized centers of excellence be involved directly or through consultation in caring for patients with heritable DNA repair syndromes. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); e23-e31. ©2017 AACRSee all articles in the online-only CCR Pediatric Oncology Series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Y Chang
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wendy K Kohlmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | | | - Jan J Molenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sharon E Plon
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa L Wang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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A germline FANCA alteration that is associated with increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2017; 3:mcs.a001487. [PMID: 28864460 PMCID: PMC5593159 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a001487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in genes involved in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway are emerging as novel biomarkers and targets for new prostate cancer drug therapies. A previous report revealed an association between an exceptional response to cisplatin treatment and a somatic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of FANCA in a patient with metastatic prostate cancer who also harbored a germline FANCA variant (S1088F). Although germline FANCA mutations are the most frequent alterations in patients with Fanconi anemia, germline alterations are less common in prostate cancer. We hypothesized that the germline S1088F FANCA variant in combination with FANCA LOH was deleterious for FANCA function and contributed to the patient's exceptional response to cisplatin. We show that although it properly localizes to the nucleus, the S1088F FANCA mutant protein disrupts the FANC protein complex resulting in increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Because molecular stratification is emerging as a strategy for treating men with metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer harboring specific DDR gene defects, our findings suggest that more biomarker studies are needed to better define clinically relevant germline and somatic alterations.
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Brosh RM. Editorial. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 33:1-2. [PMID: 27693620 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sousa R, Gonçalves C, Guerra IC, Costa E, Fernandes A, do Bom Sucesso M, Azevedo J, Rodriguez A, Rius R, Seabra C, Ferreira F, Ribeiro L, Ferrão A, Castedo S, Cleto E, Coutinho J, Carvalho F, Barbot J, Porto B. Increased red cell distribution width in Fanconi anemia: a novel marker of stress erythropoiesis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:102. [PMID: 27456001 PMCID: PMC4960735 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red cell distribution width (RDW), a classical parameter used in the differential diagnosis of anemia, has recently been recognized as a marker of chronic inflammation and high levels of oxidative stress (OS). Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder associated to redox imbalance and dysfunctional response to OS. Clinically, it is characterized by progressive bone marrow failure, which remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Macrocytosis and increased fetal hemoglobin, two indicators of bone marrow stress erythropoiesis, are generally the first hematological manifestations to appear in FA. However, the significance of RDW and its possible relation to stress erythropoiesis have never been explored in FA. In the present study we analyzed routine complete blood counts from 34 FA patients and evaluated RDW, correlating with the hematological parameters most consistently associated with the FA phenotype. RESULTS We showed, for the first time, that RDW is significantly increased in FA. We also showed that increased RDW is correlated with thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and, most importantly, highly correlated with anemia. Analyzing sequential hemograms from 3 FA patients with different clinical outcomes, during 10 years follow-up, we confirmed a consistent association between increased RDW and decreased hemoglobin, which supports the postulated importance of RDW in the evaluation of hematological disease progression. CONCLUSIONS This study shows, for the first time, that RDW is significantly increased in FA, and this increment is correlated with neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and highly correlated with anemia. According to the present results, it is suggested that increased RDW can be a novel marker of stress erythropoiesis in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sousa
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Abel Salazar Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS, UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Gonçalves
- Clinical Hematology Service, Hospital Center of Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Emília Costa
- Pediatric Hematology Unity, Hospital Center of Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unity, Hospital Center of S. João, Porto (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria do Bom Sucesso
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unity, Hospital Center of S. João, Porto (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Azevedo
- Hematology Service, Hospital and University Center of Coimbra (CHUC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, National Institute of Pediatrics, Ciudad de Mexico (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocio Rius
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, National Institute of Pediatrics, Ciudad de Mexico (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Seabra
- Clinical Pathology Service, Infante D. Pedro Hospital, Aveiro (CHBV), Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreira
- Hematology Service, Hospital Center of S. João, Porto (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Letícia Ribeiro
- Hematology Service, Hospital and University Center of Coimbra (CHUC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Ferrão
- Pediatric Service, Hospital Center of Lisboa Norte (CHLN), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Castedo
- Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Prof Doctor Sérgio Castedo, Porto (GDPN), Porto, Portugal
| | - Esmeralda Cleto
- Pediatric Hematology Unity, Hospital Center of Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Coutinho
- Clinical Hematology Service, Hospital Center of Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Barbot
- Pediatric Hematology Unity, Hospital Center of Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Porto
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Abel Salazar Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS, UP), Porto, Portugal
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