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Yin Y, Yang H, Li R, Wu G, Qin Q, Tang Y. What do the conflicting findings in the trem2 transgenetic mouse model tell us? A systematic review of the role of TREM2 in Alzheimer's disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01115. [PMID: 38915213 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the established genetic linkage between triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), an expanding research body has delved into the intricate role of TREM2 within the AD context. However, a conflicting landscape of outcomes has emerged from both in vivo and in vitro investigations. This study aimed to elucidate the multifaceted nuances and gain a clearer comprehension of the role of TREM2. METHODS PubMed database was searched spanning from its inception to January 2022. The search criteria took the form of ("Alzheimer's disease" OR "AD") AND ("transgenic mice model" OR "transgenic mouse model") AND ("Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells" OR "TREM2"). Inclusion criteria consisted of the following: (1) publication of original studies in English; (2) utilization of transgenic mouse models for AD research; and (3) reports addressing the subject of TREM2. RESULTS A total of 43 eligible articles were identified. Our analysis addresses four pivotal queries concerning the interrelation of TREM2 with microglial function, Aβ accumulation, tau pathology, and inflammatory processes. However, the diverse inquiries posed yielded inconsistent responses. Nevertheless, the inconsistent roles of TREM2 within these AD mouse models potentially hinge upon factors such as age, sex, brain region, model type, and detection methodologies. CONCLUSIONS This review substantiates the evolving understanding of TREM2's disease progression-dependent impacts. Furthermore, it reviews the interplay between TREM2 and its effects across diverse tissues and temporal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsi Yin
- Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing 100053, China
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Li H, Zhang B, Shi Z, Wu H, Mei S, Ai T, Shi A, Wang L, Zhu M, Tang J. Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cell SJTUi003-A from a 69-year-old Chinese Han Sporadic Alzheimer's disease patient with APOEε3/ε4 genetic background. Stem Cell Res 2023; 71:103142. [PMID: 37343430 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we generated an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from the dermal fibroblasts of a 69-year-old female patient carrying APOEε3/ε4 allele and diagnosed with sporadic AD. The iPSC line will be a useful tool for investigating the pathogenesis mechanisms and for drug tests in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shuya Mei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Tianyi Ai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - An Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mingli Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Jiajia Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No.1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Pizzonia KL, Suhr JA, Clark LA, Clark BC. The relation of ApoE and COMT gene-gene interactions to cognitive and motor function in community-dwelling older adults: a pilot study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1206473. [PMID: 37744392 PMCID: PMC10513033 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1206473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Certain genes increase the risk of age-related neurological dysfunction and/or disease. For instance, ApoE is a well-known gene carrying risk for Alzheimer's disease, while COMT has been associated with age-related reductions in motor function. There is growing interest in the interrelationship between age-related changes in cognitive and motor function, and examining gene-gene interactions in this context. In this pilot study we examined the relations of the ApoE and COMT genes and their interaction to both cognitive and motor performance in community-dwelling older adults. Methods We leveraged an archived dataset from a prior study on age-related muscle weakness in community-dwelling older adults. Sample size was between 72 and 82 individuals based on missing data. We examined the relationship of ApoE (Ɛ4 presence/absence), rs4680 SNP on the COMT gene (Val/Met, Val/Val, Met/Met), and sex on (1) overall cognitive functioning and specific cognitive domains known to decline in aging (processing speed, immediate and delayed memory, semantic and phonemic fluency, and executive functioning), and (2) indices of motor function (four square step test, short physical performance battery, grip strength/forearm lean mass, and purdue pegboard test). Results Homozygous COMT genotypes were associated with worse global cognitive performance, immediate memory, and semantic fluency, but only for older adults with at least one ApoE Ɛ4 allele. There were main effects for COMT for delayed memory and a main effect for both COMT and ApoE for coding and phonemic fluency. Women scored higher than men in overall cognition, immediate and delayed memory, and semantic fluency. There were no main effects or gene interactions for a measure of executive functioning (trial making test part B) or any of the measures of motor function. Discussion COMT, ApoE, and their interaction influence cognitive performance, but not motor functioning, in community dwelling older adults. Our work supports prior literature concluding that a heterozygous COMT genotype may be beneficial to sustain healthy cognitive functioning with advancing age for those who have a higher ApoE genetic risk status (at least one Ɛ4 allele). Future research should investigate interactions between COMT and ApoE in larger samples with comprehensive assessment of cognition and motor functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L. Pizzonia
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Julie A. Suhr
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Leatha A. Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Brian C. Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, United States
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Vasiljevic E, Koscik RL, Jonaitis E, Betthauser T, Johnson SC, Engelman CD. Cognitive trajectories diverge by genetic risk in a preclinical longitudinal cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3108-3118. [PMID: 36723444 PMCID: PMC10390653 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We sought to characterize the timing of changes in cognitive trajectories related to genetic risk using the apolipoprotein E (APOE) score, a continuous measure of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We also aimed to determine whether that timing was different when genetic risk was measured using an AD polygenic risk score (PRS) that contains APOE. METHODS We analyzed trajectories (N ≈1135) for four neuropsychological composite scores using mixed effects regression for longitudinal change across APOE scores and PRS of participants in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention, a longitudinal study of adults aged 40 to 70 at baseline, with a median participant follow-up time of 7.8 years. RESULTS We found a significant non-linear age-by-APOE score interaction in predicting cognitive decline. Cognitive trajectories diverged by APOE score at approximately 65 years of age. A 0.5 standard deviation difference in cognition between extreme percentiles of the PRS was predicted to occur 1 to 2 years before that of the APOE score. DISCUSSION Cognitive decline differs across time and APOE score. Estimates did not substantially shift with the AD PRS. HIGHLIGHTS The apolipoprotein E (APOE) score, a continuous measure, accounts for non-linear genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease. Non-linear age interacts with the APOE score to affect cognition. Cognitive decline starts to differ by APOE score levels at approximately age 65. Cognitive decline timing by polygenic risk (including APOE) is similar to APOE alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vasiljevic
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 610 Walnut Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rebecca Langhough Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 610 Walnut Street, 9th Floor, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, MC 2420, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - Erin Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 610 Walnut Street, 9th Floor, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, MC 2420, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
| | - Tobey Betthauser
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, MC 2420, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 5158 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 610 Walnut Street, 9th Floor, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, MC 2420, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 610 Walnut Dr., Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 610 Walnut Street, 9th Floor, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, MC 2420, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
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Bryzgalov LO, Korbolina EE, Merkulova TI. Exploring the Genetic Predisposition to Epigenetic Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097955. [PMID: 37175659 PMCID: PMC10177989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent type of dementia in elderly populations with a significant genetic component. The accumulating evidence suggests that AD involves a reconfiguration of the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histone proteins, and chromatin remodeling. Along with environmental factors, individual specific genetic features play a considerable role in the formation of epigenetic architecture. In this study, we attempt to identify the non-coding regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) able to affect the epigenetic mechanisms in AD. To this end, the multi-omics approach is used. The GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) available data (GSE153875) for AD patients and controls are integrated to reveal the rSNPs that display allele-specific features in both ChIP-seq profiles of four histone modifications and RNA-seq. Furthermore, we analyze the presence of rSNPs in the promoters of genes reported to be differentially expressed between AD and the normal brain (AD-related genes) and involved in epigenetic regulation according to the EpiFactors database. We also searched for the rSNPs in the promoters of the genes coding for transcription regulators of the identified AD-related genes. These regulators were selected based on the corresponding ChIP-seq peaks (ENCODE) in the promoter regions of these genes. Finally, we formed a panel of rSNPs localized to the promoters of genes that contribute to the epigenetic landscape in AD and, thus, to the genetic predisposition for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid O Bryzgalov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 10 Lavrentyeva Prospekt, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Vector-Best, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena E Korbolina
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 10 Lavrentyeva Prospekt, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Merkulova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 10 Lavrentyeva Prospekt, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Zhang J, Wang X, Duan H, Chen C, Lu Z, Zhang D, Li S. The Association of Calcium Signaling Pathway Gene Variants, Bone Mineral Density and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040828. [PMID: 37107586 PMCID: PMC10137633 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of calcium signaling pathway gene variants, bone mineral density (BMD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is poorly understood so far. A total of 878 participants from Qingdao city were recruited in this study. According to the candidate gene selection method, 58 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight calcium signaling genes were selected. The association between gene polymorphisms and MCI was revealed by using multiple genetic models. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were used to summarize the effects of the whole gene. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between each PRS and MCI. The multiplicative interaction term in the regression models was used to estimate the interaction effects between the PRS and BMD. We observed significant associations of rs6877893 (NR3C1), rs6448456 (CCKAR), and rs723672 (CACNA1C) polymorphisms with MCI. The PRSs of NR3C1 (OR = 4.012, 95% CI = 1.722-9.347, p < 0.001), PRKCA (OR = 1.414, 95% CI = 1.083-1.845, p = 0.011) and TRPM1 (OR = 3.253, 95% CI = 1.116-9.484, p = 0.031) were associated with an increased risk of developing MCI, and the PRS of total genes (OR = 0.330, 95% CI = 0.224-0.485, p < 0.001) was associated with a decreased risk of developing MCI. In interaction effect analysis, the interaction effect of PRKCA and BMD was significant. Genetic variations of the calcium signaling pathway were associated with MCI in older people. There was an interaction effect between PRKCA gene variants and BMD on MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
| | - Zhonghai Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
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Abstract
Memory impairment occurs in over a third of patients after symptomatic stroke. Memory deficits rarely occur in isolation but are an important component of the poststroke cognitive syndrome because of the strong relationship with the risk of poststroke dementia. In this review, we summarize available data on impairment of episodic memory, with a particular emphasis on the natural history of memory impairment after stroke and the factors influencing trajectory informed by an updated systematic review. We next discuss the pathophysiology of memory impairment and mechanisms of both decline and recovery of function. We then turn to the practical issue of measurement of memory deficits after stroke, emerging biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches. Our review identifies critical gaps, particularly in studies of the natural history that properly map the long-term trajectory of memory and the associations with factors that modulate prognosis. Few studies have used advanced neuroimaging and this, in conjunction with other biomarker approaches, has the potential to provide a much richer understanding of the mechanisms at play and promising therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J O'Sullivan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (M.J.O.).,UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia (M.J.O., X.L., D.G.).,Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, QLD, Australia (M.J.O.)
| | - Xuqian Li
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia (M.J.O., X.L., D.G.)
| | - Dana Galligan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia (M.J.O., X.L., D.G.)
| | - Sarah T Pendlebury
- Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P.).,Departments of Medicine and Geratology and UK National Institute for Health and Care Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (S.T.P.)
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Puri V, Kanojia N, Sharma A, Huanbutta K, Dheer D, Sangnim T. Natural product-based pharmacological studies for neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011740. [PMID: 36419628 PMCID: PMC9676372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders and diseases are expected to rise sharply in the coming years, partly because of the world's aging population. Medicines for the treatment of the CNS have not been successfully made. Inadequate knowledge about the brain, pharmacokinetic and dynamic errors in preclinical studies, challenges with clinical trial design, complexity and variety of human brain illnesses, and variations in species are some potential scenarios. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are multifaceted and lack identifiable etiological components, and the drugs developed to treat them did not meet the requirements of those who anticipated treatments. Therefore, there is a great demand for safe and effective natural therapeutic adjuvants. For the treatment of NDDs and other memory-related problems, many herbal and natural items have been used in the Ayurvedic medical system. Anxiety, depression, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases (AD), as well as a plethora of other neuropsychiatric disorders, may benefit from the use of plant and food-derived chemicals that have antidepressant or antiepileptic properties. We have summarized the present level of knowledge about natural products based on topological evidence, bioinformatics analysis, and translational research in this review. We have also highlighted some clinical research or investigation that will help us select natural products for the treatment of neurological conditions. In the present review, we have explored the potential efficacy of phytoconstituents against neurological diseases. Various evidence-based studies and extensive recent investigations have been included, which will help pharmacologists reduce the progression of neuronal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Puri
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ameya Sharma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kampanart Huanbutta
- School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Rangsit, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Divya Dheer
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tanikan Sangnim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Muang, Chon Buri, Thailand
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Zuo J, Zhang Z, Luo M, Zhou L, Nice EC, Zhang W, Wang C, Huang C. Redox signaling at the crossroads of human health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e127. [PMID: 35386842 PMCID: PMC8971743 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is at the core of life sciences, accompanied by the close correlation of redox processes with biological activities. Redox homeostasis is a prerequisite for human health, in which the physiological levels of nonradical reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as the primary second messengers to modulate physiological redox signaling by orchestrating multiple redox sensors. However, excessive ROS accumulation, termed oxidative stress (OS), leads to biomolecule damage and subsequent occurrence of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Herein, starting with the evolution of redox biology, we reveal the roles of ROS as multifaceted physiological modulators to mediate redox signaling and sustain redox homeostasis. In addition, we also emphasize the detailed OS mechanisms involved in the initiation and development of several important diseases. ROS as a double‐edged sword in disease progression suggest two different therapeutic strategies to treat redox‐relevant diseases, in which targeting ROS sources and redox‐related effectors to manipulate redox homeostasis will largely promote precision medicine. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the redox signaling networks under physiological and pathological conditions will facilitate the development of redox medicine and benefit patients with redox‐relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine Ningbo Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine Ningbo Zhejiang P. R. China
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Neuroimaging of Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020305. [PMID: 35203515 PMCID: PMC8869427 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have made great strides in the diagnosis and our understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Despite the knowledge gained from human studies, mouse models have and continue to play an important role in deciphering the cellular and molecular evolution of AD. MRI and PET are now being increasingly used to investigate neuroimaging features in mouse models and provide the basis for rapid translation to the clinical setting. Here, we provide an overview of the human MRI and PET imaging landscape as a prelude to an in-depth review of preclinical imaging in mice. A broad range of mouse models recapitulate certain aspects of the human AD, but no single model simulates the human disease spectrum. We focused on the two of the most popular mouse models, the 3xTg-AD and the 5xFAD models, and we summarized all known published MRI and PET imaging data, including contrasting findings. The goal of this review is to provide the reader with broad framework to guide future studies in existing and future mouse models of AD. We also highlight aspects of MRI and PET imaging that could be improved to increase rigor and reproducibility in future imaging studies.
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