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Ye X, Xu T, Yang L, Hu X, Xie X, Lan G, Lu X, Huang Z, Wang T, Wu J, Lan J, Zhang Q, Zhan Z, Guo Y, Xie X. Association between plasma metal exposure and health span in very elderly adults: a prospective cohort study with mixture statistical approach. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:388. [PMID: 38693478 PMCID: PMC11064295 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metals have been linked to a diverse spectrum of age-related diseases; however, the effects of metal exposure on health span remains largely unknown. This cohort study aims to determine the association between plasma metal and health span in elder adults aged ≥ 90 years. METHODS The plasma concentrations of seven metals were measured at baseline in 300 elder adults. The end of the health span (EHS) was identified as the occurrence of one of eight major morbidities or mortality events. We used Cox regression to assess hazard ratios (HR). The combined effects of multiple metal mixtures were estimated using grouped-weighted quantile sum (GWQS), quantile g-computation (Q-gcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) methods. RESULTS The estimated HR for EHS with an inter-quartile range (IQR) increment for selenium (Se) was 0.826 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.737-0.926); magnesium (Mg), 0.806 (95% CI: 0.691-0.941); iron (Fe), 0.756 (95% CI: 0.623-0.917), and copper (Cu), 0.856 (95% CI: 0.750-0.976). The P for trend of Se, Mg, and Fe were all < 0.05. In the mixture analyses, Q-gcomp showed a negative correlation with EHS (P = 0.904), with the sum of the negative coefficients being -0.211. CONCLUSION Higher plasma Se, Mg, and Fe reduced the risk of premature end of health span, suggesting that essential metal elements played a role in health maintenance in elder adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangju Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- The First Clinical Medical School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guohui Lan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zelin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tinggui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jieyu Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jieli Lan
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yansong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Clinical Research Center for Severe Acute Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Heart Failure Center Alliance, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
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Seki T, Ohshima S, Komatsu S, Yamada S, Kashiwagi H, Goto Y, Tsuda B, Kanno A, Yasuda A, Kuno H, Tsuji NM, Shiina T, Kametani Y. Coccomyxa subellipsoidea KJ Components Enhance the Expression of Metallothioneins and Th17 Cytokines during Human T Cell Activation. Microorganisms 2024; 12:741. [PMID: 38674685 PMCID: PMC11051862 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coccomyxa subellipsoidea KJ (C-KJ) is a green alga with unique immunoregulatory characteristics. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the modification of T cell function by C-KJ components. The water-soluble extract of C-KJ was fractionated into protein (P) and sugar (S) fractions acidic (AS), basic (BS), and neutral (NS). These fractions were used for the treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. Transcriptome analysis revealed that both P and AS enhanced the expression of the genes encoding metallothionein (MT) family proteins, inflammatory factors, and T helper (Th) 17 cytokine and suppressed that of those encoding Th2 cytokines in stimulated T cells. The kinetics of MT1 and MT2A gene expression showed a transient increase in MT1 and maintenance of MT2A mRNA after T cell stimulation in the presence of AS. The kinetics of Th17-related cytokine secretion in the early period were comparable to those of MT2A mRNA. Furthermore, our findings revealed that static, a STAT-3 inhibitor, significantly suppressed MT2A gene expression. These findings suggest that the expression of MTs is involved in the immune regulatory function of C-KJ components, which is partially regulated by Th17 responses, and may help develop innovative immunoregulatory drugs or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Seki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (T.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Shino Ohshima
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (S.O.); (T.S.)
| | - Satoko Komatsu
- DENSO CORPORATION, Kariya 448-0029, Japan; (S.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Soga Yamada
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (S.O.); (T.S.)
| | - Hirofumi Kashiwagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Yumiko Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Banri Tsuda
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Akiko Kanno
- DENSO CORPORATION, Kariya 448-0029, Japan; (S.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Atsushi Yasuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (T.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Hitoshi Kuno
- DENSO CORPORATION, Kariya 448-0029, Japan; (S.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Noriko M Tsuji
- Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
- Department of Food Science, Jumonji University, Niiza 352-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (S.O.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1207, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kametani
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (S.O.); (T.S.)
- Institute of Advanced Biosciences, Tokai University, Hiratsuka 259-1207, Japan
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Hershfinkel M. Cross-talk between zinc and calcium regulates ion transport: A role for the zinc receptor, ZnR/GPR39. J Physiol 2024; 602:1579-1594. [PMID: 37462604 DOI: 10.1113/jp283834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc is essential for many physiological functions, with a major role in digestive system, skin health, and learning and memory. On the cellular level, zinc is involved in cell proliferation and cell death. A selective zinc sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39 is a Gq-coupled receptor that acts via the inositol trisphosphate pathway to release intracellular Ca2+. The ZnR/GPR39 serves as a mediator between extracellular changes in Zn2+ concentration and cellular Ca2+ signalling. This signalling pathway regulates ion transporters activity and thereby controls the formation of transepithelial gradients or neuronal membrane potential, which play a fundamental role in the physiological function of these tissues. This review focuses on the role of Ca2+ signalling, and specifically ZnR/GPR39, with respect to the regulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger, NHE1, and of the K+/Cl- cotransporters, KCC1-3, and also describes the physiological implications of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hershfinkel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology and the School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Mlugu EM, Mohamedi JA, Sangeda RZ, Mwambete KD. Prevalence of urinary tract infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens with biofilm forming capacity among outpatients in morogoro, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:660. [PMID: 37798713 PMCID: PMC10557311 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common infectious disease affecting more than 150 million people globally annually. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), the predominant cause of UTI, can occur as a biofilm associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). There is a data gap on global AMR patterns from low-income settings, including Tanzania. Data on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in relation to biofilm formation will help in the proper selection of antibiotics and the fight against AMR. METHODS This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among consecutively selected outpatients (n = 344) from January to May 2022 at Morogoro Regional Referal Hospital. Mid-stream urine samples were collected aseptically from symptomatic patients. A significant UTI was defined when more than 105 colonies/ml of urine were recorded. Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method was used for antibiotics susceptibility patterns and a Congo Red Agar method was used to determine biofilm formation. Two-sided χ2 test or Fisher's exact test, Cohen's kappa coefficient and logistic regression were used for data analysis. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of UTIs was 41% (141/344) and elders (>=60 years) had five times higher odds of having UTI as compared to adolescents (p < 0.001). E. coli was the most predominant bacteria (47%; 66/141), which displayed moderate susceptibility against ciprofloxacin (59.1%) and nitrofurantoin (57.6%). A total of 72 (51%) of all isolated bacteria were multi-drug resistant. All isolated bacteria demonstrated high resistance (> 85%) against ampicillin and co-trimoxazole. In this study, 51.5% (34/66) were biofilm-forming E. coli and demonstrated relatively higher antibiotic resistance as compared to non-biofilm forming bacteria (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We report high antibiotic resistance against commonly used antibiotics. Slightly more than half of the isolated bacteria were biofilm forming E. coli. A need to strengthen stewardship programs is urgently advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eulambius M Mlugu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Juma A Mohamedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Raphael Z Sangeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kennedy D Mwambete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Xu Y, Chen R, Zeng Q. Ferroptosis As a Mechanism for Health Effects of Essential Trace Elements and Potentially Toxic Trace Elements. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03523-w. [PMID: 36575272 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a unique form of programmed cell death driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation that was proposed in recent years. It plays an important role in processes of various trace element-related diseases and is regulated by redox homeostasis and various cellular metabolic pathways (iron, amino acids, lipids, sugars), as well as disease-related signaling pathways. Some limited pioneering studies have demonstrated ferroptosis as a mechanism for the health effects of essential trace elements and potentially toxic trace elements, with crosstalk among them. The aim of this review is to bring together research articles and identify key direct and indirect evidence regarding essential trace elements (iron, selenium, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese) and potentially toxic trace elements (arsenic, aluminum, mercury) and their possible roles in ferroptosis. Our review may help determine future research priorities and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Helath, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Ruobi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Helath, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qibing Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education & School of Public Helath, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Sharma R, Diwan B, Sharma A, Witkowski JM. Emerging cellular senescence-centric understanding of immunological aging and its potential modulation through dietary bioactive components. Biogerontology 2022; 23:699-729. [PMID: 36261747 PMCID: PMC9581456 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunological aging is strongly associated with the observable deleterious effects of human aging. Our understanding of the causes, effects, and therapeutics of aging immune cells has long been considered within the sole purview of immunosenescence. However, it is being progressively realized that immunosenescence may not be the only determinant of immunological aging. The cellular senescence-centric theory of aging proposes a more fundamental and specific role of immune cells in regulating senescent cell (SC) burden in aging tissues that has augmented the notion of senescence immunotherapy. Now, in addition, several emerging studies are suggesting that cellular senescence itself may be prevalent in aging immune cells, and that senescent immune cells exhibiting characteristic markers of cellular senescence, similar to non-leucocyte cells, could be among the key drivers of various facets of physiological aging. The present review integrates the current knowledge related to immunosenescence and cellular senescence in immune cells per se, and aims at providing a cohesive overview of these two phenomena and their significance in immunity and aging. We present evidence and rationalize that understanding the extent and impact of cellular senescence in immune cells vis-à-vis immunosenescence is necessary for truly comprehending the notion of an 'aged immune cell'. In addition, we also discuss the emerging significance of dietary factors such as phytochemicals, probiotic bacteria, fatty acids, and micronutrients as possible modulators of immunosenescence and cellular senescence. Evidence and opportunities related to nutritional bioactive components and immunological aging have been deliberated to augment potential nutrition-oriented immunotherapy during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India.
| | - Bhawna Diwan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Demircan K, Chillon TS, Bracken T, Bulgarelli I, Campi I, Du Laing G, Fafi-Kremer S, Fugazzola L, Garcia A, Heller R, Hughes DJ, Ide L, Klingenberg GJ, Komarnicki P, Krasinski Z, Lescure A, Mallon P, Moghaddam A, Persani L, Petrovic M, Ruchala M, Solis M, Vandekerckhove L, Schomburg L. Association of COVID-19 mortality with serum selenium, zinc and copper: Six observational studies across Europe. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1022673. [PMID: 36518764 PMCID: PMC9742896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Certain trace elements are essential for life and affect immune system function, and their intake varies by region and population. Alterations in serum Se, Zn and Cu have been associated with COVID-19 mortality risk. We tested the hypothesis that a disease-specific decline occurs and correlates with mortality risk in different countries in Europe. Methods Serum samples from 551 COVID-19 patients (including 87 non-survivors) who had participated in observational studies in Europe (Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Poland) were analyzed for trace elements by total reflection X-ray fluorescence. A subset (n=2069) of the European EPIC study served as reference. Analyses were performed blinded to clinical data in one analytical laboratory. Results Median levels of Se and Zn were lower than in EPIC, except for Zn in Italy. Non-survivors consistently had lower Se and Zn concentrations than survivors and displayed an elevated Cu/Zn ratio. Restricted cubic spline regression models revealed an inverse nonlinear association between Se or Zn and death, and a positive association between Cu/Zn ratio and death. With respect to patient age and sex, Se showed the highest predictive value for death (AUC=0.816), compared with Zn (0.782) or Cu (0.769). Discussion The data support the potential relevance of a decrease in serum Se and Zn for survival in COVID-19 across Europe. The observational study design cannot account for residual confounding and reverse causation, but supports the need for intervention trials in COVID-19 patients with severe Se and Zn deficiency to test the potential benefit of correcting their deficits for survival and convalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Demircan
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thilo Samson Chillon
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommy Bracken
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ilaria Bulgarelli
- Laboratorio Analisi Cliniche, Centro di Ricerche e Tecnologie Biomediche, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Campi
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laura Fugazzola
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandro Abner Garcia
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raban Heller
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David J. Hughes
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Louis Ide
- Laboratory Medicine, AZ Jan Palfijn AV, Gent, Belgium
| | - Georg Jochen Klingenberg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Komarnicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Krasinski
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alain Lescure
- Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Luca Persani
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marek Ruchala
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Morgane Solis
- CHU de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Virologie, Strasbourg University, INSERM, IRM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg, France
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Lutz Schomburg,
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Baarz BR, Laurentius T, Wolf J, Wessels I, Bollheimer LC, Rink L. Short-term zinc supplementation of zinc-deficient seniors counteracts CREMα - mediated IL-2 suppression. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:40. [PMID: 36042501 PMCID: PMC9424813 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Aging is accompanied by a dramatic decline in the interleukin (IL)-2 production capacity of human immune cells, thus making seniors more susceptible to a variety of age-related diseases. A common cause of impaired cytokine production in advanced age is a deficiency of the essential micronutrient zinc. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying a zinc deficiency-induced decrease in IL-2 production have not yet been satisfactorily elucidated. Recent animal and in vitro data suggested that the transcription factor cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α plays a critical role in T cells´ disturbed IL-2 production in suboptimal zinc conditions. However, its role in the human aging process and the possibility of influencing this detrimental process by short-term zinc supplementation have not yet been evaluated. Results Comparing peripheral lymphocytes of 23 young and 31 elderly subjects with either high, intermediate, or deficient zinc status, we observed zinc-dependent regulation of the IL-2 production mediated by the transcription factor CREM \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α. For the first time in humans, we report a mutual relationship between low zinc levels, high CREM \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α expression, subsequent impaired IL-2 production, and vice versa. Remarkably, an average of only 6 days of in vivo zinc supplementation to zinc-deficient seniors was sufficient to rapidly improve zinc status, reverse CREM \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α overexpression, and counteract subsequent low IL-2 production rates. Conclusions Our ex vivo and in vivo data identify zinc deficiency-mediated CREM \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\alpha$$\end{document}α overexpression as a key cellular mechanism underlying impaired IL-2 production in the elderly and point toward the use of zinc as a rapidly immune-enhancing add-on nutraceutical in geriatric therapy. Graphical abstract During the aging process, there is a progressive decrease in zinc status, which in turn leads to overexpression of the transcription factor CREM\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mathrm{\alpha }$$\end{document}α in peripheral lymphocytes. CREMα is a negative regulator of the IL-2 gene, the overexpression of which dramatically limits adequate IL-2 production. This deleterious mechanism can be counteracted by short-term oral zinc administration, which can adjust IL-2 production in old, zinc-deficient individuals to a level similar to that of young adults.![]()
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Eggersdorfer M, Berger MM, Calder PC, Gombart AF, Ho E, Laviano A, Meydani SN. Perspective: Role of Micronutrients and Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Immune Outcomes of Relevance to Infections in Older Adults-A Narrative Review and Call for Action. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1415-1430. [PMID: 35587877 PMCID: PMC9384096 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is weakened by advancing age, often referred to as immunosenescence, increasing the vulnerability to, and frequently the severity of, infectious diseases in older people. This has become very apparent in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for which older people are at higher risk of severe outcomes, even those who are fully vaccinated. Aging affects both the innate and adaptive immune systems and is characterized by an imbalanced inflammatory response. Increasing evidence shows that optimal status of nutrients such as vitamins C, D, and E and selenium and zinc as well as the omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids DHA and EPA can help compensate for these age-related changes. While inadequate intakes of these nutrients are widespread in the general population, this is often more pronounced in older people. Maintaining adequate intakes is a challenge for them due to a range of factors such as physical, physiological, and cognitive changes; altered absorption; and the presence of noncommunicable diseases. While nutritional requirements are ideally covered by a balanced diet, this can be difficult to achieve, particularly for older people. Fortified foods and nutritional complements are effective in achieving adequate micronutrient intakes and should be considered as a safe and cost-effective means for older people to improve their nutritional status and hence support their defense against infections. Complementing the diet with a combination of micronutrients, particularly those playing a key role in the immune system such as vitamins C, D, and E and selenium and zinc as well as DHA and EPA, is recommended for older people. Optimal nutrition to support the immune system in older people will remain essential, particularly in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic and, thus, developing strategies to ensure adequate nutrition for the growing number of older adults will be an important and cost-effective investment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simin N Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Sergi CM. The Role of Zinc in the T-Cell Metabolism in Infection Requires Further Investigation - An Opinion. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865504. [PMID: 35359968 PMCID: PMC8960245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Consolato M Sergi
- Anatomic Pathology Division, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, ON, Ottawa, Canada
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Amos A, Razzaque MS. Zinc and its role in vitamin D function. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:203-207. [PMID: 35570853 PMCID: PMC9095729 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential mineral with an important relationship with vitamin D. Studies have found that reduced blood zinc levels could predict vitamin D deficiency in adolescent girls, while zinc supplementation increased vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women. In vitro studies using human peritoneal macrophages have found that zinc induced the release of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol). Zinc also acts as a cofactor for vitamin D functions, as the transcriptional activity of vitamin D-dependent genes relies on zinc to exert pleiotropic functions, including mineral ion regulation. Vitamin D could also induce zinc transporters to regulate zinc homeostasis. Together, zinc and vitamin D in adequate concentrations help maintain a healthy musculoskeletal system and beyond; however, deficiency in either of these nutrients can result in various disorders affecting almost all body systems. This brief article will focus on the role of zinc in vitamin D functions.
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