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Zhao X, Liu S, Yang Z, Li Y. Molecular mechanisms and genetic factors contributing to the developmental dysplasia of the hip. Front Genet 2024; 15:1413500. [PMID: 39156961 PMCID: PMC11327038 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1413500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent hip disease in neonates is developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). A timely and accurate diagnosis is required to provide the most effective treatment for pediatric patients with DDH. Heredity and gene variation have been the subject of increased attention and research worldwide as one of the factors contributing to the pathogenesis of DDH. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genome-wide linkage analyses (GWLA), and exome sequencing (ES) have identified variants in numerous genes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as being associated with susceptibility to DDH in sporadic and DDH family patients. Furthermore, the DDH phenotype can be observed in animal models that exhibit susceptibility genes or loci, including variants in CX3CR1, KANSL1, and GDF5. The dentification of noncoding RNAs and de novo gene variants in patients with DDH-related syndrome has enhanced our understanding of the genes implicated in DDH. This article reviews the most recent molecular mechanisms and genetic factors that contribute to DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shenyang Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Police Dog Technology, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Ping H, Kong X, Zhang H, Luo D, Jiang Q, Chai W. Generalized Joint Hypermobility Is Associated with Type-A Hip Dysplasia in Patients Undergoing Periacetabular Osteotomy. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024:00004623-990000000-01167. [PMID: 39058764 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joint hypermobility may be associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), but no definite conclusion has been reached. On the basis of long-term clinical observations, we hypothesized that joint hypermobility was associated with the occurrence, imaging findings, and clinical symptoms of DDH. METHODS We conducted a case-control study that included 175 Chinese Han patients between 13 and 45 years of age with Hartofilakidis type-A hip dysplasia. All of these patients underwent periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) between November 2021 and February 2023. An additional 76 individuals of comparable age and sex but without hip dysplasia were selected from the general population to serve as healthy controls. The Beighton 9-point scoring system was used to evaluate joint hypermobility, and a score of ≥4 was defined as generalized joint hypermobility. Standing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were reviewed. For patients with DDH, the lateral center-edge angle, Tönnis angle, Sharp angle, lateralization of the femoral head, and patient-reported outcomes (iHOT-12, HHS, and WOMAC) were also collected to determine the radiographic severity or clinical symptoms of DDH. RESULTS Patients with DDH had an elevated prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility compared with that in the healthy population (27% versus 12%; p = 0.009). Among patients with DDH, those with concomitant generalized joint hypermobility had lower lateral center-edge angles (3.55° versus 9.36°; p = 0.012), greater lateralization of the femoral head (13.78 versus 12.17 mm; p = 0.020), greater standardized lateralization of the femoral head (0.64 versus 0.54; p = 0.009), and lower iHOT-12 scores (35.22 versus 40.96; p = 0.009) than did those without concomitant generalized joint hypermobility. Further multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that higher Beighton scores and younger age were predictive of more severe hip dysplasia. However, the Beighton score was not found to be independently associated with patient-reported outcomes according to multivariable linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of generalized joint hypermobility was greater in patients with DDH than in healthy controls. A higher degree of joint hypermobility was also correlated with more severe hip dysplasia. These results suggest that joint laxity, in addition to bone or cartilage factors, is an important factor related to DDH. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Ping
- China Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangpeng Kong
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianzhong Luo
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chai
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhao Z, Fan C, Wang S, Wang H, Deng H, Zeng S, Tang S, Li L, Xiong Z, Qiu X. Single-nucleus RNA and multiomics in situ pairwise sequencing reveals cellular heterogeneity of the abnormal ligamentum teres in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27803. [PMID: 38524543 PMCID: PMC10958365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common hip deformity in pediatric orthopedics. One of the common pathological changes in DDH is the thickening and hypertrophy of the ligamentum teres. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanism responsible for these changes remains unclear. This study represents the first time that the heterogeneity of cell subsets in the abnormal ligamentum teres of patients with DDH has been resolved at the single-cell and spatial levels by snRNA-Seq and MiP-Seq. Through gene set enrichment and intercellular communication network analyses, we found that receptor-like cells and ligament stem cells may play an essential role in the pathological changes resulting in ligamentum teres thickening and hypertrophy. Eight ligand-receptor pairs related to the ECM-receptor pathway were observed to be closely associated with DDH. Further, using the Monocle R package, we predicted a differentiation trajectory of pericytes into two branches, leading to junctional ligament stem cells or fibroblasts. The expression of extracellular matrix-related genes along pseudotemporal trajectories was also investigated. Using MiP-Seq, we determined the expression distribution of marker genes specific to different cell types within the ligamentum teres, as well as differentially expressed DDH-associated genes at the spatial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Zhao
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chuiqin Fan
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shiyou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Hansheng Deng
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuaidan Zeng
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shengping Tang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Shenzhen Luohu Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhu Xiong
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Qiu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Novakov V, Novakova O, Churnosova M, Aristova I, Ponomarenko M, Reshetnikova Y, Churnosov V, Sorokina I, Ponomarenko I, Efremova O, Orlova V, Batlutskaya I, Polonikov A, Reshetnikov E, Churnosov M. Polymorphism rs143384 GDF5 reduces the risk of knee osteoarthritis development in obese individuals and increases the disease risk in non-obese population. ARTHROPLASTY 2024; 6:12. [PMID: 38424630 PMCID: PMC10905832 DOI: 10.1186/s42836-023-00229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effect of obesity on the association of genome-wide associative studies (GWAS)-significant genes with the risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS All study participants (n = 1,100) were divided into 2 groups in terms of body mass index (BMI): BMI ≥ 30 (255 KOA patients and 167 controls) and BMI < 30 (245 KOA and 433 controls). The eight GWAS-significant KOA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of six candidate genes, such as LYPLAL1 (rs2820436, rs2820443), SBNO1 (rs1060105, rs56116847), WWP2 (rs34195470), NFAT5 (rs6499244), TGFA (rs3771501), GDF5 (rs143384), were genotyped. Logistic regression analysis (gPLINK online program) was used for SNPs associations study with the risk of developing KOA into 2 groups (BMI ≥ 30 and BMI < 30) separately. The functional effects of KOA risk loci were evaluated using in silico bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS Multidirectional relationships of the rs143384 GDF5 with KOA in BMI-different groups were found: This SNP was KOA protective locus among individuals with BMI ≥ 30 (OR 0.41 [95%CI 0.20-0.94] recessive model) and was disorder risk locus among individuals with BMI < 30 (OR 1.32 [95%CI 1.05-1.65] allele model, OR 1.44 [95%CI 1.10-1.86] additive model, OR 1.67 [95%CI 1.10-2.52] dominant model). Polymorphism rs143384 GDF5 manifested its regulatory effects in relation to nine genes (GDF5, CPNE1, EDEM2, ERGIC3, GDF5OS, PROCR, RBM39, RPL36P4, UQCC1) in adipose tissue, which were involved in the regulation of pathways of apoptosis of striated muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the effect of obesity on the association of the rs143384 GDF5 with KOA was shown: the "protective" value of this polymorphism in the BMI ≥ 30 group and the "risk" meaning in BMI < 30 cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Novakov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Olga Novakova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Maria Churnosova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Inna Aristova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Marina Ponomarenko
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Yuliya Reshetnikova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Vladimir Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Inna Sorokina
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Irina Ponomarenko
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Olga Efremova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Valentina Orlova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Irina Batlutskaya
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology and Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, 305041, Russia
| | - Evgeny Reshetnikov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia.
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Yoshino S, Yamaguchi R, Tanaka H, Ikegawa S, Nakashima Y, Terao C. Family History of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip is a Risk Factor for the Progression of Hip Osteoarthritis. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:393-397.e1. [PMID: 37586594 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is considered to have genetic predisposition and presents many intrafamilial occurrences. However, there is no report that evaluates the effect of DDH family history on the progression after the onset of hip osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Medical interviews about detailed clinical information including family history were conducted on 298 consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for OA due to DDH. Clinical or radiographic items that are associated with the severity of DDH (total hip arthroplasty [THA], involvement of bilateral DDH, onset age of hip pain, and three radiological indices of DDH: center-edge angle, sharp angle, and acetabular roof obliquity) were collected and evaluated in multivariate analyses for their associations with DDH family history in a qualitative or quantitative manner. Survival time analyses for THA as the endpoint was also performed to evaluate the effects of DDH family history on the progression of OA. RESULTS The DDH family history showed significant associations with bilateral involvement of DDH (odds ratio = 2.09 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.05 to 4.16]; P = .037), early onset of hip pain (P = .0065), and radiological severity of DDH (P = .016). The DDH family history showed a significant association with undergoing THA (odds ratio = 2.25 [95% CI 1.09 to 4.66]; P = .029), further supported by the Cox regression analyses (hazards ratio = 1.56 [95% CI 1.15 to 2.11]; P = .0044). CONCLUSION A DDH family history is a risk factor for the progression of hip OA. Stronger genetic predisposition to DDH leads to faster onset and progression of hip OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Yoshino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidenao Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Medical Sciences, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan; Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka, Japan; The Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
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Milonakis N, Douvlis G, Tsiridis CA, Gamie Z, Kenanidis E, Tsiridis E. Primary Staged Bilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Patient With Short Stature and Hartofilakidis Type I Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. Cureus 2024; 16:e52710. [PMID: 38384623 PMCID: PMC10880042 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Syndromes associated with osteochondrodysplasia, short stature, and DDH are rarely reported in the literature. Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in such cases is a complex procedure with a high rate of complications and difficulties. In this case report, we describe the staged bilateral complex primary THA of a patient with the rare occurrence of a syndrome involving osteochondrodysplasia and DDH, highlighting the surgical challenges and importance of the right prosthesis selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Milonakis
- Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
- Tsiridis Orthopaedic Institute, ICAROS Clinic, Thessaloniki, GRC
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE) Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Georgios Douvlis
- Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
- Tsiridis Orthopaedic Institute, ICAROS Clinic, Thessaloniki, GRC
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE) Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | - Zakareya Gamie
- Tsiridis Orthopaedic Institute, ICAROS Clinic, Thessaloniki, GRC
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE) Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Eustathios Kenanidis
- Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
- Tsiridis Orthopaedic Institute, ICAROS Clinic, Thessaloniki, GRC
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE) Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Orthopaedic Department, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
- Tsiridis Orthopaedic Institute, ICAROS Clinic, Thessaloniki, GRC
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE) Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
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Sheridan GA, Hanlon M, Welch-Phillips A, Spratt K, Hagan R, O'Byrne JM, Kenny PJ, Kurmis AP, Masri BA, Garbuz DS, Hurson CJ. Identification of protective and 'at risk' HLA genotypes for the development of pseudotumours around metal-on-metal hip resurfacings. Bone Jt Open 2023; 4:182-187. [PMID: 37051827 PMCID: PMC10032235 DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.43.bjo-2023-0003.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hip resurfacing remains a potentially valuable surgical procedure for appropriately-selected patients with optimised implant choices. However, concern regarding high early failure rates continues to undermine confidence in use. A large contributor to failure is adverse local tissue reactions around metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing surfaces. Such phenomena have been well-explored around MoM total hip arthroplasties, but comparable data in equivalent hip resurfacing procedures is lacking. In order to define genetic predisposition, we performed a case-control study investigating the role of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotype in the development of pseudotumours around MoM hip resurfacings. A matched case-control study was performed using the prospectively-collected database at the host institution. In all, 16 MoM hip resurfacing 'cases' were identified as having symptomatic periprosthetic pseudotumours on preoperative metal artefact reduction sequence (MARS) MRI, and were subsequently histologically confirmed as high-grade aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesions (ALVALs) at revision surgery. 'Controls' were matched by implant type in the absence of evidence of pseudotumour. Blood samples from all cases and controls were collected prospectively for high resolution genetic a nalysis targeting 11 separate HLA loci. Statistical significance was set at 0.10 a priori to determine the association between HLA genotype and pseudotumour formation, given the small sample size. Using a previously-reported ALVAL classification, the majority of pseudotumour-positive caseswere found to have intermediate-grade group 2 (n = 10; 63%) or group 3 (n = 4; 25%) histological findings. Two further patients (13%) had high-grade group 4 lesions. HLA-DQB1*05:03:01 (p = 0.0676) and HLA-DRB1*14:54:01 (p = 0.0676) alleles were significantly associated with a higher risk of pseudotumour formation, while HLA-DQA1*03:01:01 (p = 0.0240), HLA-DRB1*04:04:01 (p = 0.0453), HLA-C*01:02:01 (p = 0.0453), and HLA-B*27:05:02 (p = 0.0855) were noted to confer risk reduction. These findings confirm the association between specific HLA genotypes and the risk of pseudotumour development around MoM hip resurfacings. Specifically, the two 'at risk' alleles (DQB1*05:03:01 and DRB1*14:54:01) may hold clinical value in preoperative screening and prospective surgical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A Sheridan
- National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh, Dublin, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Karen Spratt
- National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard Hagan
- National Blood Centre, Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John M O'Byrne
- National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh, Dublin, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew P Kurmis
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medical Specialties, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Mori Y, Ueno K, Chiba D, Hashimoto K, Kawai Y, Baba K, Tanaka H, Aki T, Ogasawara M, Shibasaki N, Tokunaga K, Aizawa T, Nagasaki M. Genome-Wide Association Study and Transcriptome of Japanese Patients with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Demonstrates an Association with the Ferroptosis Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055019. [PMID: 36902448 PMCID: PMC10003185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the association between developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and disease-associated loci in a Japanese cohort. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 238 Japanese patients with DDH and 2044 healthy individuals was performed. As a replicate, GWAS was also conducted on the UK Biobank data with 3315 cases and matched 74,038 controls. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEAs) of both the genetics and transcriptome of DDH were performed. Transcriptome analysis of cartilage specimens from DDH-associated osteoarthritis and femoral neck fractures was performed as a control. Most of the lead variants were very low-frequency ones in the UK, and variants in the Japanese GWAS could not be replicated with the UK GWAS. We assigned DDH-related candidate variants to 42 and 81 genes from the Japanese and UK GWASs, respectively, using functional mapping and annotation. GSEA of gene ontology, disease ontology, and canonical pathways identified the most enriched pathway to be the ferroptosis signaling pathway, both in the Japanese gene set as well as the Japanese and UK merged set. Transcriptome GSEA also identified significant downregulation of genes in the ferroptosis signaling pathway. Thus, the ferroptosis signaling pathway may be associated with the pathogenic mechanism of DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ueno
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ko Hashimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Baba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hidetatsu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Aki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masanori Ogasawara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Toshimi Aizawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Human Biosciences Unit for the Top Global Course Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Wen J, Ping H, Kong X, Chai W. Developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review of susceptibility genes and epigenetics. Gene 2023; 853:147067. [PMID: 36435507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a complex developmental deformity whose pathogenesis and susceptibility-related genes have yet to be elucidated. This systematic review summarizes the current literature on DDH-related gene mutations, animal model experiments, and epigenetic changes in DDH. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of relevant documents in the Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases covering the period from October 1991 to October 2021. We analyzed basic information on the included studies and summarized the DDH-related mutation sites, animal model experiments, and epigenetic changes associated with DDH. RESULTS A total of 63 studies were included in the analysis, of which 54 dealt with the detection of gene mutations, 7 presented details of animal experiments, and 6 were epigenetic studies. No genetic mutations were clearly related to the pathogenesis of DDH, including the most frequently studied genes on chromosomes 1, 17, and 20. Most gene-related studies were performed in Han Chinese or North American populations, and the quality of these studies was medium or low. GDF5 was examined in the greatest number of studies, and mutation sites with odds ratios > 10 were located on chromosomes 3, 9, and 13. Six mutations were found in animal experiments (i.e., CX3CR1, GDF5, PAPPA2, TENM3, UFSP2, and WISP3). Epigenetics research on DDH has focused on GDF5 promoter methylation, three microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs. In addition, there was also a genetic test for miRNA and mRNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS DDH is a complex joint deformity with a considerable genetic component whose early diagnosis is significant for preventing disease. At present, no genes clearly involved in the pathogenesis of DDH have been identified. Research on mutations associated with this condition is progressing in the direction of in vivo experiments in animal models to identify DDH susceptibility genes and epigenetics analyses to provide novel insights into its pathogenesis. In the future, genetic profiling may improve matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hangyu Ping
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Wei Chai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Whole exome sequencing of 28 families of Danish descent reveals novel candidate genes and pathways in developmental dysplasia of the hip. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:329-342. [PMID: 36454308 PMCID: PMC9938029 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common condition involving instability of the hip with multifactorial etiology. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical as undetected DDH is an important cause of long-term hip complications. Better diagnostics may be achieved through genetic methods, especially for patients with positive family history. Several candidate genes have been reported but the exact molecular etiology of the disease is yet unknown. In the present study, we performed whole exome sequencing of DDH patients from 28 families with at least two affected first-degree relatives. Four genes previously not associated with DDH (METTL21B, DIS3L2, PPP6R2, and TM4SF19) were identified with the same variants shared among affected family members, in more than two families. Among known association genes, we found damaging variants in DACH1, MYH10, NOTCH2, TBX4, EVC2, OTOG, and SHC3. Mutational burden analysis across the families identified 322 candidate genes, and enriched pathways include the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, ion-binding, and detection of mechanical stimulus. Taken altogether, our data suggest a polygenic mode of inheritance for DDH, and we propose that an impaired transduction of the mechanical stimulus is involved in the etiopathological mechanism. Our findings refine our current understanding of candidate causal genes in DDH, and provide a foundation for downstream functional studies.
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Yang W, Jin G, Qian K, Zhang C, Zhi W, Yang D, Lu Y, Han J. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of susceptibility genes for developmental dysplasia of the hip. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2022; 11:70-80. [PMID: 35702583 PMCID: PMC9161127 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2022.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a multifactorial disease, which occurs under environmental and genetic influence. The etiopathogenesis of DDH has not been fully explained. As research progresses, many candidate genes have been found to be closely related to the occurrence of DDH. In this study, we comprehensively examined 16 susceptibility genes of DDH using bioinformatics. COL1A1 encodes the pro-alpha1 chains of type I collagen, which is the major protein component of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM). The genes displaying the most statistically significant co-expression link to COL1A1 are ASPN, TGFB1, DKK1, IL-6, TENM3 and GDF5. DKK1, FRZB and WISP3 are components of the Wnt signaling pathway. CX3CR1 and GDF5 regulate chondrogenesis through the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. ASPN could induce collagen mineralization through binding with collagen and calcium. Integrated bioinformatics analysis indicates that ECM, Wnt signaling pathway and TGF-β signaling pathway are involved in the occurrence of DDH. These provide a basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Guiyang Jin
- Department of General Education, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Keying Qian
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Wei Zhi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- Address correspondence to:Yanqin Lu and Jinxiang Han, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250013, China. E-mail: (YL), (JH)
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- Address correspondence to:Yanqin Lu and Jinxiang Han, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250013, China. E-mail: (YL), (JH)
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12
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Schachinger F, Farr S. The Effects of Preterm Birth on Musculoskeletal Health-Related Disorders. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5082. [PMID: 34768599 PMCID: PMC8584797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is associated with various diseases and conditions which demand multidisciplinary medical care. Approximately 10% of all neonates are born prematurely with an increasing survival rate in almost all Western countries. This ongoing, yet desirable trend is creating new challenges for sufficient medical treatment regimens, which should be upheld throughout the patients' lives. Orthopedic surgeons are focused on musculoskeletal disorders and the improvement of patients' ability to cope with the challenges of everyday life. The most common conditions associated with preterm birth are cerebral palsy and a dysregulation of the calcium/phosphorus metabolism, which may lead to fractures. These diseases may vary greatly in their organic manifestation and clinical presentation. This demands multidisciplinary cooperation and parental support. Clinical management is aimed on the early enhancement of a patient's physical, as well as neurological condition, and to prevent the development of secondary musculoskeletal disorders. In this article, we give an overview of the current literature on the most common musculoskeletal disorders associated with preterm birth and critically discuss state of the art diagnostic standards and treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Farr
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Foot and Ankle Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Speisingerstrasse 109, A-1130 Vienna, Austria;
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13
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Young JR, Anderson MJ, O'Connor CM, Kazley JM, Mantica AL, Dutt V. Team Approach: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. JBJS Rev 2021; 8:e20.00030. [PMID: 32890048 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) encompasses a wide spectrum of hip disorders, including neonatal instability, acetabular dysplasia, hip subluxation, and frank dislocation of the hip. It is a common disorder, with a reported incidence of between 0.1% and >10% of live births.
Coordinated, interdisciplinary care is important to achieving successful outcomes. This starts with accurate assessment of risk factors in the prenatal period, thorough clinical examination by the primary care provider at all well-child visits, and early referral to a pediatric orthopaedic surgeon for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is critical for an excellent outcome. Ongoing, open communication between clinicians is essential for the effective coordination of care. Treatment options vary depending on the age of presentation. A Pavlik harness (dynamic hip abduction orthosis) is used for children up to 6 months of age. A more rigid abduction orthosis may be used if treatment with a Pavlik harness is unsuccessful, with a closed reduction and spica cast being the next step if needed for children up to 18 months of age. Finally, open reduction with possible concomitant femoral and/or pelvic osteotomies is the surgical option in an older child, when necessary. In general, the later the child is diagnosed with and treated for DDH, the greater the risk of a nonoptimal outcome. Depending on the severity of the condition, children with DDH may need to be followed closely until skeletal maturity so as not to miss the diagnosis of asymptomatic residual hip dysplasia, which can predispose patients to early hip arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Young
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
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14
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Genetic Study of IL6, GDF5 and PAPPA2 in Association with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070986. [PMID: 34203285 PMCID: PMC8303839 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most prevalent skeletal disorders. DDH is considered a pathologic condition with polygenic background, but environmental and mechanic factors significantly contribute to its multifactorial etiology. Inheritance consistent with autosomal dominant type has also been observed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various genes mostly related to formation of connective tissue are studied for a possible association with DDH. Methods: We genotyped three SNPs, rs1800796 located in the promoter region of the IL6 gene, rs143383 located in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the GDF5 gene and rs726252 located in the fifth intron of the PAPPA2 gene. The study consisted of 45 subjects with DDH and 85 controls from all regions of Slovakia. Results: Association between DDH occurrence and studied genotypes affected by aforementioned polymorphisms was confirmed in the case of rs143383 in the GDF5 gene (p = 0.047), where the T allele was over-expressed in the study group. Meanwhile, in the matter of IL6 and PAPPA2, we found no association with DDH (p = 0.363 and p = 0.478, respectively). Conclusions: These results suggest that there is an association between DDH and GDF5 polymorphisms and that the T allele is more frequently presents in patients suffering from DDH.
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Simionescu AA, Cirstoiu MM, Cirstoiu C, Stanescu AMA, Crețu B. Current Evidence about Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Pregnancy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:655. [PMID: 34206824 PMCID: PMC8305660 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In adults, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) represents a spectrum of disorders. It is commonly found in women in routine orthopedic practice. Hip dysplasia is a leading precursor of joint laxity; when untreated, it can contribute to chronic modifications, such as thickening of the pulvinar and ligamentum teres (which can also elongate), hypertrophy of the transverse acetabular ligament, and osteoarthritis. DDH is presumed to be associated with alterations in pelvic morphology that may affect vaginal birth by the reduction in the transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet or outlet. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of pregnancy-associated DDH. We primarily focused on how a surgical DDH treatment might influence the pelvic shape and size and the effects on the mechanism of birth. We presented the female pelvis from the standpoint of bone and ligament morphology relative to a pelvic osteotomy. Then, we described whether the pregnancy was impacted by previous surgical DDH treatments, performed from infancy to adulthood. In conclusion, hip dysplasia is not associated with high-risk complications during pregnancy or with increased difficulty in vaginal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Angela Simionescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011171 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Monica Mihaela Cirstoiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Catalin Cirstoiu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (B.C.)
| | | | - Bogdan Crețu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (B.C.)
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Gumus E, Temiz E, Sarikaya B, Yuksekdag O, Sipahioglu S, Gonel A. The Association Between BMP- 2, UQCC1 and CX3CR1 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. Indian J Orthop 2021; 55:169-175. [PMID: 33569111 PMCID: PMC7851229 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-020-00235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a complicated skeletal disease ranging from subluxation to complete dislocation of the hip as a result of insufficient development of the acetabulum and femur. To date, numerous genes such as C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex assembly factor 1 (UQCC1) and growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), have been investigated to elucidate the underlying genetic etiology. Turkish population is one of the communities where DDH patients frequently observed, but almost no study has been conducted to elucidate the genetic etiology. In our study, we aimed to investigate the polymorphism of CX3CR1 rs3732378 and UQCC1 rs6060373, which have been shown to be associated with DDH in different populations. In addition, we aimed to investigate the BMP-2 rs235768 polymorphism which has not been investigated in the etiology of DDH. METHODS Overall, 168 subjects (68 participants in the patient group, 100 participants in the control group) were investigated. The participants with following evidence and symptoms were excluded from the two groups: any systemic syndrome, another congenital anomaly, hereditary diseases, breech presentation, history of oligohydramnios, swaddling and high birth weight (> 4000 g). 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were examined by qRT-PCR method. RESULTS For CX3CR1 rs3732378 polymorphism, significant differences were observed in genotypes and allele frequencies (p < 0.0001). This condition was associated with a 12-fold increased risk in recessive modeling and 75-fold increased risk in dominant modeling. There was no significant relationship between DDH and the other two polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS Our work is the first study to investigate DDH and genetic polymorphisms in Turkish population where DDH is observed quite frequently. It is also the first study to investigate the relationship between BMP-2 rs235768 polymorphism and DDH. Our study revealed a clear relationship between CX3CR1 rs3732378 polymorphism and DDH in Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Gumus
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mugla Sitki Kocman, Mugla, 48000 Turkey
| | - Ebru Temiz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Baran Sarikaya
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Yuksekdag
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Serkan Sipahioglu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ataman Gonel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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