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Li F, Wang B, Li H, Kong L, Zhu B. G6PD and machine learning algorithms as prognostic and diagnostic indicators of liver hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:157. [PMID: 38297250 PMCID: PMC10829225 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver Hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) exhibits a high incidence of liver cancer with escalating mortality rates over time. Despite this, the underlying pathogenic mechanism of LIHC remains poorly understood. MATERIALS & METHODS To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the role of G6PD in LIHC using a combination of bioinformatics analysis with database data and rigorous cell experiments. LIHC samples were obtained from TCGA, ICGC and GEO databases, and the differences in G6PD expression in different tissues were investigated by differential expression analysis, followed by the establishment of Nomogram to determine the percentage of G6PD in causing LIHC by examining the relationship between G6PD and clinical features, and the subsequent validation of the effect of G6PD on the activity, migration, and invasive ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by using the low expression of LI-7 and SNU-449. Additionally, we employed machine learning to validate and compare the predictive capacity of four algorithms for LIHC patient prognosis. RESULTS Our findings revealed significantly elevated G6PD expression levels in liver cancer tissues as compared to normal tissues. Meanwhile, Nomogram and Adaboost, Catboost, and Gbdt Regression analyses showed that G6PD accounted for 46%, 31%, and 49% of the multiple factors leading to LIHC. Furthermore, we observed that G6PD knockdown in hepatocellular carcinoma cells led to reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. Remarkably, the Decision Tree C5.0 decision tree algorithm demonstrated superior discriminatory performance among the machine learning methods assessed. CONCLUSION The potential diagnostic utility of G6PD and Decision Tree C5.0 for LIHC opens up a novel avenue for early detection and improved treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boshen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Preventive Medical Association, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
- Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211112, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Public Health Emergency, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China.
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Ling D, Liu A, Sun J, Wang Y, Wang L, Song X, Zhao X. Integration of IDPC Clustering Analysis and Interpretable Machine Learning for Survival Risk Prediction of Patients with ESCC. Interdiscip Sci 2023:10.1007/s12539-023-00569-9. [PMID: 37248421 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-023-00569-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Precise forecasting of survival risk plays a pivotal role in comprehending and predicting the prognosis of patients afflicted with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The existing methods have the problems of insufficient fitting ability and poor interpretability. To address this issue, this work proposes a novel interpretable survival risk prediction method for ESCC patients based on extreme gradient boosting improved by whale optimization algorithm (WOA-XGBoost) and shapley additive explanations (SHAP). Given the imbalanced nature of the data set, the adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN) is first used to generate the samples with high survival risk. Then, an improved clustering by fast search and find of density peaks (IDPC) algorithm based on cosine distance and K nearest neighbors is used to cluster the patients. Next, the prediction model for each cluster is obtained by WOA-XGBoost and the constructed model is visualized with SHAP to uncover the factors hidden in the structured model and improve the interpretability of the black-box model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by analyzing the data collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The results of the analysis reveal that the proposed methodology exhibits superior performance, as indicated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.918 and accuracy of 0.881.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ling
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Anhao Liu
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junwei Sun
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Henan Key Lab of Information-Based Electrical Appliances, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Lidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xueke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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3
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Quazi S. Artificial intelligence and machine learning in precision and genomic medicine. Med Oncol 2022; 39:120. [PMID: 35704152 PMCID: PMC9198206 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The advancement of precision medicine in medical care has led behind the conventional symptom-driven treatment process by allowing early risk prediction of disease through improved diagnostics and customization of more effective treatments. It is necessary to scrutinize overall patient data alongside broad factors to observe and differentiate between ill and relatively healthy people to take the most appropriate path toward precision medicine, resulting in an improved vision of biological indicators that can signal health changes. Precision and genomic medicine combined with artificial intelligence have the potential to improve patient healthcare. Patients with less common therapeutic responses or unique healthcare demands are using genomic medicine technologies. AI provides insights through advanced computation and inference, enabling the system to reason and learn while enhancing physician decision making. Many cell characteristics, including gene up-regulation, proteins binding to nucleic acids, and splicing, can be measured at high throughput and used as training objectives for predictive models. Researchers can create a new era of effective genomic medicine with the improved availability of a broad range of datasets and modern computer techniques such as machine learning. This review article has elucidated the contributions of ML algorithms in precision and genome medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Quazi
- GenLab Biosolutions Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560043, India.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Abstract
The advancement of precision medicine in medical care has led behind the conventional symptom-driven treatment process by allowing early risk prediction of disease through improved diagnostics and customization of more effective treatments. It is necessary to scrutinize overall patient data alongside broad factors to observe and differentiate between ill and relatively healthy people to take the most appropriate path toward precision medicine, resulting in an improved vision of biological indicators that can signal health changes. Precision and genomic medicine combined with artificial intelligence have the potential to improve patient healthcare. Patients with less common therapeutic responses or unique healthcare demands are using genomic medicine technologies. AI provides insights through advanced computation and inference, enabling the system to reason and learn while enhancing physician decision making. Many cell characteristics, including gene up-regulation, proteins binding to nucleic acids, and splicing, can be measured at high throughput and used as training objectives for predictive models. Researchers can create a new era of effective genomic medicine with the improved availability of a broad range of datasets and modern computer techniques such as machine learning. This review article has elucidated the contributions of ML algorithms in precision and genome medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Quazi
- GenLab Biosolutions Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560043, India.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Different Data Mining Approaches Based Medical Text Data. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:1285167. [PMID: 34912530 PMCID: PMC8668297 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1285167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The amount of medical text data is increasing dramatically. Medical text data record the progress of medicine and imply a large amount of medical knowledge. As a natural language, they are characterized by semistructured, high-dimensional, high data volume semantics and cannot participate in arithmetic operations. Therefore, how to extract useful knowledge or information from the total available data is very important task. Using various techniques of data mining can extract valuable knowledge or information from data. In the current study, we reviewed different approaches to apply for medical text data mining. The advantages and shortcomings for each technique compared to different processes of medical text data were analyzed. We also explored the applications of algorithms for providing insights to the users and enabling them to use the resources for the specific challenges in medical text data. Further, the main challenges in medical text data mining were discussed. Findings of this paper are benefit for helping the researchers to choose the reasonable techniques for mining medical text data and presenting the main challenges to them in medical text data mining.
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Salem H, Soria D, Lund JN, Awwad A. A systematic review of the applications of Expert Systems (ES) and machine learning (ML) in clinical urology. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2021; 21:223. [PMID: 34294092 PMCID: PMC8299670 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-021-01585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing a hypothesis for 'factors-outcome effect' is a common quest, but standard statistical regression analysis tools are rendered ineffective by data contaminated with too many noisy variables. Expert Systems (ES) can provide an alternative methodology in analysing data to identify variables with the highest correlation to the outcome. By applying their effective machine learning (ML) abilities, significant research time and costs can be saved. The study aims to systematically review the applications of ES in urological research and their methodological models for effective multi-variate analysis. Their domains, development and validity will be identified. METHODS The PRISMA methodology was applied to formulate an effective method for data gathering and analysis. This study search included seven most relevant information sources: WEB OF SCIENCE, EMBASE, BIOSIS CITATION INDEX, SCOPUS, PUBMED, Google Scholar and MEDLINE. Eligible articles were included if they applied one of the known ML models for a clear urological research question involving multivariate analysis. Only articles with pertinent research methods in ES models were included. The analysed data included the system model, applications, input/output variables, target user, validation, and outcomes. Both ML models and the variable analysis were comparatively reported for each system. RESULTS The search identified n = 1087 articles from all databases and n = 712 were eligible for examination against inclusion criteria. A total of 168 systems were finally included and systematically analysed demonstrating a recent increase in uptake of ES in academic urology in particular artificial neural networks with 31 systems. Most of the systems were applied in urological oncology (prostate cancer = 15, bladder cancer = 13) where diagnostic, prognostic and survival predictor markers were investigated. Due to the heterogeneity of models and their statistical tests, a meta-analysis was not feasible. CONCLUSION ES utility offers an effective ML potential and their applications in research have demonstrated a valid model for multi-variate analysis. The complexity of their development can challenge their uptake in urological clinics whilst the limitation of the statistical tools in this domain has created a gap for further research studies. Integration of computer scientists in academic units has promoted the use of ES in clinical urological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Salem
- Urological Department, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG72UH, UK
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Daniele Soria
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Jonathan N Lund
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Amir Awwad
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG72UH, UK.
- Department of Medical Imaging, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Hospital, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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7
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Kobayashi N, Shiga T, Ikumi S, Watanabe K, Murakami H, Yamauchi M. Semi-automated tracking of pain in critical care patients using artificial intelligence: a retrospective observational study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5229. [PMID: 33664391 PMCID: PMC7933166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the pain intensity in critically ill patients is crucial because intense pain can cause adverse events, including poor survival rates; however, continuous pain evaluation is difficult. Vital signs have traditionally been considered ineffective in pain assessment; nevertheless, the use of machine learning may automate pain assessment using vital signs. This retrospective observational study was performed at a university hospital in Sendai, Japan. Objective pain assessments were performed in eligible patients using the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT). Three machine-learning methods—random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR)—were employed to predict pain using parameters, such as vital signs, age group, and sedation levels. Prediction accuracy was calculated as the harmonic mean of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Furthermore, 117,190 CPOT assessments were performed in 11,507 eligible patients (median age: 65 years; 58.0% males). We found that pain prediction was possible with all three machine-learning methods. RF demonstrated the highest AUROC for the test data (RF: 0.853, SVM: 0.823, and LR: 0.787). With this method, pain can be objectively, continuously, and semi-automatically evaluated in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kobayashi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Takuya Shiga
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Saori Ikumi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | | | | | - Masanori Yamauchi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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8
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Thakur A, Mishra AP, Panda B, Rodríguez DCS, Gaurav I, Majhi B. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Studies. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3569-3578. [PMID: 32410553 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200515131245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) is the way to model human intelligence to accomplish certain tasks without much intervention of human beings. The term AI was first used in 1956 with The Logic Theorist program, which was designed to simulate problem-solving ability of human beings. There have been a significant amount of research works using AI in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of its applicabication and, future perspectives that impact different areas of society. Even the remarkable impact of AI can be transferred to the field of healthcare with its use in pharmaceutical and biomedical studies crucial for the socioeconomic development of the population in general within different studies, we can highlight those that have been conducted with the objective of treating diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, among others. In parallel, the long process of drug development also requires the application of AI to accelerate research in medical care. METHODS This review is based on research material obtained from PubMed up to Jan 2020. The search terms include "artificial intelligence", "machine learning" in the context of research on pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. RESULTS This study aimed to highlight the importance of AI in the biomedical research and also recent studies that support the use of AI to generate tools using patient data to improve outcomes. Other studies have demonstrated the use of AI to create prediction models to determine response to cancer treatment. CONCLUSION The application of AI in the field of pharmaceutical and biomedical studies has been extensive, including cancer research, for diagnosis as well as prognosis of the disease state. It has become a tool for researchers in the management of complex data, ranging from obtaining complementary results to conventional statistical analyses. AI increases the precision in the estimation of treatment effect in cancer patients and determines prediction outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ambika P Mishra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Bishnupriya Panda
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Diana C S Rodríguez
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Isha Gaurav
- Patna Women's College (Autonmous), Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Babita Majhi
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guru Ghashidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Wang Y, Nie H, He X, Liao Z, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Ou C. The emerging role of super enhancer-derived noncoding RNAs in human cancer. Theranostics 2020; 10:11049-11062. [PMID: 33042269 PMCID: PMC7532672 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Super enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of adjacent enhancers that drive the expression of genes which regulate cellular identity; SE regions can be enriched with a high density of transcription factors, co-factors, and enhancer-associated epigenetic modifications. Through enhanced activation of their target genes, SEs play an important role in various diseases and conditions, including cancer. Recent studies have shown that SEs not only activate the transcriptional expression of coding genes to directly regulate biological functions, but also drive the transcriptional expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to indirectly regulate biological functions. SE-derived ncRNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis, including malignant proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and inflammatory response. Moreover, the abnormal expression of SE-derived ncRNAs is closely related to the clinical and pathological characterization of tumors. In this review, we summarize the functions and roles of SE-derived ncRNAs in tumorigenesis and discuss their prospective applications in tumor therapy. A deeper understanding of the potential mechanism underlying the action of SE-derived ncRNAs in tumorigenesis may provide new strategies for the early diagnosis of tumors and targeted therapy.
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Rajković KM, Dabić-Stanković K, Stanković J, Aćimović M, Đukanović N, Nikolin B. Modelling and optimisation of treatment parameters in high-dose-rate mono brachytherapy for localised prostate carcinoma using a multilayer artificial neural network and a genetic algorithm: Pilot study. Comput Biol Med 2020; 126:104045. [PMID: 33099047 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose-rate mono brachytherapy (HDR-MB) is employed in the treatment of prostate carcinoma (CaP). As an ideal plan of CaP brachytherapy cannot be created, it is necessary to identify a reliable tool to optimise the parameters of HDR-MB. This paper applies a multilayer artificial neural network (MANN) and a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimise brachytherapy parameters based on an individual dose-volumetric analysis. METHODS Patients with localised CaP of various risks were treated with HDR-MB. Consecutive levels of the biochemical control parameter (prostate specific antigen (PSA) nadir) have been collected after completion of HDR-MB in the range 2-9 years. The Kaplan-Meier regression analysis of biochemical-free survival (BFS) was applied. The clinical risk of recurrent CaP (RCaP), the therapy dose (TD), TD coverage index (CI100%) and PSA nadir were modelled using the MANN and GA. RESULTS In the low-risk group, BFS was achieved in 100% of treated patients, while in the group of patients with high risk, BFS was achieved in 95.8% of treated patients. The MANN-GA model optimises a TD of 47.3 Gy and CI100% of 1.14 as well as a TD of 50.4 Gy and CI100% of 1.6 for the low-risk group and high-risk group, respectively, of localised CaP. The optimised PSA nadir was 0.047 and 0.25 ng cm-3 for low-risk group and high-risk group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The developed MANN-GA model presents a method for optimising the treatment parameters in radiation therapy, which could be a valuable tool in planning of the HDR-MB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nina Đukanović
- High Medical School "Milutin Milanković", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Borislava Nikolin
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
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11
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Patel SK, George B, Rai V. Artificial Intelligence to Decode Cancer Mechanism: Beyond Patient Stratification for Precision Oncology. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1177. [PMID: 32903628 PMCID: PMC7438594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multitude of multi-omics data generated cost-effectively using advanced high-throughput technologies has imposed challenging domain for research in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Data curation poses a significant challenge as different parameters, instruments, and sample preparations approaches are employed for generating these big data sets. AI could reduce the fuzziness and randomness in data handling and build a platform for the data ecosystem, and thus serve as the primary choice for data mining and big data analysis to make informed decisions. However, AI implication remains intricate for researchers/clinicians lacking specific training in computational tools and informatics. Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Certain cancers, such as pancreatic and gastric cancers, are detected only after they have reached their advanced stages with frequent relapses. Cancer is one of the most complex diseases affecting a range of organs with diverse disease progression mechanisms and the effectors ranging from gene-epigenetics to a wide array of metabolites. Hence a comprehensive study, including genomics, epi-genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, along with the medical/mass-spectrometry imaging, patient clinical history, treatments provided, genetics, and disease endemicity, is essential. Cancer Moonshot℠ Research Initiatives by NIH National Cancer Institute aims to collect as much information as possible from different regions of the world and make a cancer data repository. AI could play an immense role in (a) analysis of complex and heterogeneous data sets (multi-omics and/or inter-omics), (b) data integration to provide a holistic disease molecular mechanism, (c) identification of diagnostic and prognostic markers, and (d) monitor patient's response to drugs/treatments and recovery. AI enables precision disease management well beyond the prevalent disease stratification patterns, such as differential expression and supervised classification. This review highlights critical advances and challenges in omics data analysis, dealing with data variability from lab-to-lab, and data integration. We also describe methods used in data mining and AI methods to obtain robust results for precision medicine from "big" data. In the future, AI could be expanded to achieve ground-breaking progress in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Kumar Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Bhawana George
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vineeta Rai
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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12
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Design of an integrated model for diagnosis and classification of pediatric acute leukemia using machine learning. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:1051-1069. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411920938567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Applying artificial intelligence techniques for diagnosing diseases in hospitals often provides advanced medical services to patients such as the diagnosis of leukemia. On the other hand, surgery and bone marrow sampling, especially in the diagnosis of childhood leukemia, are even more complex and difficult, resulting in increased human error and procedure time decreased patient satisfaction and increased costs. This study investigates the use of neuro-fuzzy and group method of data handling, for the diagnosis of acute leukemia in children based on the complete blood count test. Furthermore, a principal component analysis is applied to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis. The results show that distinguishing between patient and non-patient individuals can easily be done with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, whereas for classifying between the types of diseases themselves, more pre-processing operations such as reduction of features may be needed. The proposed approach may help to distinguish between two types of leukemia including acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Based on the sensitivity of the diagnosis, experts can use the proposed algorithm to help identify the disease earlier and lessen the cost.
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13
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Jiang FN, Dai LJ, Wu YD, Yang SB, Liang YX, Zhang X, Zou CY, He RQ, Xu XM, Zhong WD. The study of multiple diagnosis models of human prostate cancer based on Taylor database by artificial neural networks. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:471-477. [PMID: 32217993 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy seen in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in males. The incidence and mortality associated with PCa has been rapidly increasing in China recently. METHODS Multiple diagnostic models of human PCa were developed based on Taylor database by combining the artificial neural networks (ANNs) to enhance the ability of PCa diagnosis. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select feature genes as numerical encoded parameters that reflect cancer, metastatic, or normal samples. Back propagation (BP) neural network and learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network were used to build different Cancer/Normal, Primary/Metastatic, and Gleason Grade diagnostic models. RESULTS The performance of these modeling approaches was evaluated by predictive accuracy (ACC) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). By observing the statistically significant parameters of the three training sets, our Cancer/Normal, Primary/Metastatic, and Gleason Grade models' with ACC and AUC can be drawn (97.33%, 0.9832), (99.17%, 0.9952), and (90.48%, 0.8742), respectively. CONCLUSION These results indicated that our diagnostic models of human PCa based on Taylor database combining the feature gene expression profiling data and artificial intelligence algorithms might act as a powerful tool for diagnosing PCa. Gleason Grade diagnostic models were used as novel prognostic diagnosis models for biochemical recurrence-free survival and overall survival, which might be helpful in the prognostic diagnosis of PCa in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Neng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Dai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ding Wu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Urology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Sheng-Bang Yang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guangzhou HYY Precision&Translation Medicine Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-Yun Zou
- Guangzhou HYY Precision&Translation Medicine Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-Qiang He
- Department of Urology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Urology, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei-De Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Huang S, Yang J, Fong S, Zhao Q. Artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis and prognosis: Opportunities and challenges. Cancer Lett 2019; 471:61-71. [PMID: 31830558 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is an aggressive disease with a low median survival rate. Ironically, the treatment process is long and very costly due to its high recurrence and mortality rates. Accurate early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of cancer are essential to enhance the patient's survival rate. Developments in statistics and computer engineering over the years have encouraged many scientists to apply computational methods such as multivariate statistical analysis to analyze the prognosis of the disease, and the accuracy of such analyses is significantly higher than that of empirical predictions. Furthermore, as artificial intelligence (AI), especially machine learning and deep learning, has found popular applications in clinical cancer research in recent years, cancer prediction performance has reached new heights. This article reviews the literature on the application of AI to cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and summarizes its advantages. We explore how AI assists cancer diagnosis and prognosis, specifically with regard to its unprecedented accuracy, which is even higher than that of general statistical applications in oncology. We also demonstrate ways in which these methods are advancing the field. Finally, opportunities and challenges in the clinical implementation of AI are discussed. Hence, this article provides a new perspective on how AI technology can help improve cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and continue improving human health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigao Huang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Chongqing Industry&Trade Polytechnic, Chongqing, China
| | - Simon Fong
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China.
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Solakhan M, Seckiner SU, Seckiner I. A neural network-based algorithm for predicting the spontaneous passage of ureteral stones. Urolithiasis 2019; 48:527-532. [DOI: 10.1007/s00240-019-01167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Kuo R, Cheng W. An intuitionistic fuzzy neural network with gaussian membership function. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-18998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.J. Kuo
- Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W.C. Cheng
- Microsoft Taiwan Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Zhao J, Lin CM. Multidimensional classifier design using wavelet fuzzy brain emotional learning neural networks. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-169884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering & Automation, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Key Lab of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chih-Min Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Innovation Center for Biomedical and Healthcare Technology, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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Verrusio W, Renzi A, Dellepiane U, Renzi S, Zaccone M, Gueli N, Cacciafesta M. A new tool for the evaluation of the rehabilitation outcomes in older persons: a machine learning model to predict functional status 1 year ahead. Eur Geriatr Med 2018; 9:651-657. [PMID: 34654230 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-018-0098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, the assessment of disability in older people is obtained utilizing a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA). However, it is often difficult to understand which areas of CGA are most predictive of the disability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility to early predict-1 year ahead-the disability level of a patient using machine leaning models. METHODS Community-dwelling older people were enrolled in this study. CGA was made at baseline and at 1 year follow-up. After collecting input/independent variables (i.e., age, gender, schooling followed, body mass index, information on smoking, polypharmacy, functional status, cognitive performance, depression, nutritional status), we performed two distinct Support Vector Machine models (SVMs) able to predict functional status 1 year ahead. To validate the choice of the model, the results achieved with the SVMs were compared with the output produced by simple linear regression models. RESULTS 218 patients (mean age = 78.01; SD = 7.85; male = 39%) were recruited. The combination of the two SVMs is able to achieve a higher prediction accuracy (exceeding 80% instances correctly classified vs 67% instances correctly classified by the combination of the two linear regression models). Furthermore, SVMs are able to classify both the three categories, self sufficiently, disability risk and disability, while linear regression model separates the population only in two groups (self-sufficiency and disability) without identifying the intermediate category (disability risk) which turns out to be the most critical one. CONCLUSIONS The development of such a model can contribute to the early detection of patients at risk of self-sufficiency loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Verrusio
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences (SCReNAG), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessia Renzi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Renzi
- ACTOR, Analytic Control Technology Operations Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Zaccone
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences (SCReNAG), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicolò Gueli
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences (SCReNAG), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cacciafesta
- Division of Gerontology, Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences (SCReNAG), Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Kalantari A, Kamsin A, Shamshirband S, Gani A, Alinejad-Rokny H, Chronopoulos AT. Computational intelligence approaches for classification of medical data: State-of-the-art, future challenges and research directions. Neurocomputing 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2017.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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A Neural Network Approach to Predict Acute Allograft Rejection in Liver Transplant Recipients Using Routine Laboratory Data. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.55092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Artificial Intelligence-Based Triage for Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain in Emergency Department; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study. ADVANCED JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2017; 1:e5. [PMID: 31172057 PMCID: PMC6548088 DOI: 10.22114/ajem.v1i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the development of computer systems which are capable of doing human intelligence tasks such as decision making and problem solving. AI-based tools have been used for predicting various factors in medicine including risk stratification, diagnosis and choice of treatment. AI can also be of considerable help in emergency departments, especially patients’ triage. Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the application of AI in patients presenting with acute abdominal pain to estimate emergency severity index version 4 (ESI-4) score without the estimate of the required resources. Methods: A mixed-model approach was used for predicting the ESI-4 score. Seventy percent of the patient cases were used for training the models and the remaining 30% for testing the accuracy of the models. During the training phase, patients were randomly selected and were given to systems for analysis. The output, which was the level of triage, was compared with the gold standard (emergency medicine physician). During the test phase of the study, another group of randomly selected patients were evaluated by the systems and the results were then compared with the gold standard. Results: Totally, 215 patients who were triaged by the emergency medicine specialist were enrolled in the study. Triage Levels 1 and 5 were omitted due to low number of cases. In triage Level 2, all systems showed fair level of prediction with Neural Network being the highest. In Level 3, all systems again showed fair level of prediction. However, in triage Level 4, decision tree was the only system with fair prediction. Conclusion: The application of AI in triage of patients with acute abdominal pain resulted in a model with acceptable level of accuracy. The model works with optimized number of input variables for quick assessment.
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Zhang Y, Guo SL, Han LN, Li TL. Application and Exploration of Big Data Mining in Clinical Medicine. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 129:731-8. [PMID: 26960378 PMCID: PMC4804421 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.178019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review theories and technologies of big data mining and their application in clinical medicine. DATA SOURCES Literatures published in English or Chinese regarding theories and technologies of big data mining and the concrete applications of data mining technology in clinical medicine were obtained from PubMed and Chinese Hospital Knowledge Database from 1975 to 2015. STUDY SELECTION Original articles regarding big data mining theory/technology and big data mining's application in the medical field were selected. RESULTS This review characterized the basic theories and technologies of big data mining including fuzzy theory, rough set theory, cloud theory, Dempster-Shafer theory, artificial neural network, genetic algorithm, inductive learning theory, Bayesian network, decision tree, pattern recognition, high-performance computing, and statistical analysis. The application of big data mining in clinical medicine was analyzed in the fields of disease risk assessment, clinical decision support, prediction of disease development, guidance of rational use of drugs, medical management, and evidence-based medicine. CONCLUSION Big data mining has the potential to play an important role in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Nanlou Branch of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shu-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li-Na Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Nanlou Branch of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tie-Ling Li
- Department of Cadre Physiotherapy, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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