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Derdak A, Jędrzejowska I, Mąkol J. An overview of chelicerate ovaries, with special reference to mites - myths and facts. Micron 2023; 167:103417. [PMID: 36773594 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In arthropods of the subphylum Chelicerata a panoistic ovary, in which all germline cells differentiate into oocytes, prevails. Among the chelicerates, mites are believed to show a great variety of the structure of the female gonads. In general, the knowledge of the ovarian structure in mites is fragmentary and patchy. In both evolutionary lines, Acariformes and Parasitiformes, apart from the panoistic ovary, the meroistic ovary, in which the oocytes grow supported by their sibling cells, the nurse cells, occurs. The presence of the meroistic ovary is considered an apomorphic state. Previous studies revealed a various structure of the meroistic ovary in different mite taxa, and the differences came down, inter alia, to a different number and location of the nurse cells in relation to the oocytes. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the structure of the Chelicerata ovary, with special reference to the mite ovary. We also provide our preliminary results of the analysis of ovarian structure in two representatives of terrestrial Parasitengona (Acariformes), Allothrombium fuliginosum (Trombidiidae) and Erythraeus cinereus (Erythraeidae), performed using light, confocal and electron transmission microscopy. The analyses allowed for verification of data published before. In A. fuliginosum we showed the presence of the nurse cells in the ovarian wall, so the ovary should be classified as meroistic. In meroistic ovary of E. cinereus we found that each oocyte is connected to several mononucleated nurse cells. The verification of literature data and broadening the knowledge of the structure of the female gonad in mites, will result in estimating the usefulness of the ovary traits in phylogenetic analyses and will provide the basis for inference about the directions of evolutionary changes of female gonad at lower systematic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Derdak
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland,.
| | - Izabela Jędrzejowska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Mąkol
- Department of Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
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Gerhold AR, Labbé JC, Singh R. Uncoupling cell division and cytokinesis during germline development in metazoans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1001689. [PMID: 36407108 PMCID: PMC9669650 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical eukaryotic cell cycle ends with cytokinesis, which physically divides the mother cell in two and allows the cycle to resume in the newly individualized daughter cells. However, during germline development in nearly all metazoans, dividing germ cells undergo incomplete cytokinesis and germ cells stay connected by intercellular bridges which allow the exchange of cytoplasm and organelles between cells. The near ubiquity of incomplete cytokinesis in animal germ lines suggests that this is an ancient feature that is fundamental for the development and function of this tissue. While cytokinesis has been studied for several decades, the mechanisms that enable regulated incomplete cytokinesis in germ cells are only beginning to emerge. Here we review the current knowledge on the regulation of germ cell intercellular bridge formation, focusing on findings made using mouse, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans as experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R. Gerhold
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Abigail R. Gerhold, ; Jean-Claude Labbé,
| | - Jean-Claude Labbé
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Abigail R. Gerhold, ; Jean-Claude Labbé,
| | - Ramya Singh
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Montréal, QC, Canada
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Busi A, Ospina-Pérez EM, Rodríguez-Hurtado C, Mejía-Fontecha IY, Ossa-López PA, Rivera-Páez FA, Ramírez-Chaves HE. Infestation, histology, and molecular confirmation of Sarcoptes scabiei in an Andean porcupine ( Coendou quichua) from the Central Andes of Colombia. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 18:266-272. [PMID: 35814637 PMCID: PMC9260439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious, worldwide disease that affects the skin of mammals, including humans. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, however, the information available in wild mammal populations in the world, and particularly in Colombia is limited. Here, we document a new case of sarcoptic mange in an Andean porcupine (Coendou quichua) from the Andean region of Colombia. We morphologically and molecularly confirmed the mite as S. scabiei and documented the histopathology associated with scabies, and show the different stages of the life cycle of S. scabiei from the Andean porcupine skin samples. Our review of reports of additional cases of scabies in wild mammal species in South America showed 15 species, mostly carnivores, artiodactyls, and rodents. Considering the limited information in Colombia, it is urgent to evaluate the risk of this condition on mammals which would contribute to the epidemiological knowledge and the potential implications of sarcoptic mange in the ecology and conservation of wild mammals in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Busi
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Biodiversidad y Manejo de Ecosistemas (GEBIOME), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10, 170004, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
- Doctorado en Ciencias Agrarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
- Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10, 170004, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Erika Mayerly Ospina-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Biodiversidad y Manejo de Ecosistemas (GEBIOME), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10, 170004, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
- Doctorado en Ciencias – Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Caterine Rodríguez-Hurtado
- Professional Universitaria, Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia, Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia, Corregimiento de Florencia, Samaná, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Ingrith Y. Mejía-Fontecha
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Biodiversidad y Manejo de Ecosistemas (GEBIOME), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10, 170004, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
- Centro de Museos, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 58 No. 21-50, 170004, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Paula A. Ossa-López
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Biodiversidad y Manejo de Ecosistemas (GEBIOME), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10, 170004, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
- Doctorado en Ciencias – Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Fredy A. Rivera-Páez
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Biodiversidad y Manejo de Ecosistemas (GEBIOME), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10, 170004, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Biodiversidad y Manejo de Ecosistemas (GEBIOME), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 65 No. 26-10, 170004, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
- Centro de Museos, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de Caldas, Calle 58 No. 21-50, 170004, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
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Filimonova S. Female reproductive system and oogenesis in the mite Bakericheyla chanayi. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2021; 62:101047. [PMID: 33770520 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The fine structure of the female reproductive system of a cheyletid mite Bakericheyla chanayi (Trombidiformes: Cheyletidae) is investigated for the first time. This system consists of an unpaired ovary, glandular oviduct, receptaculum seminis, long cuticle-lined vagina, and genital atrium terminating in the genital opening. A separate sperm access system has not been found. The receptaculum seminis opens into the distal oviduct region, where fertilization apparently takes place. The ovary contains clusters of oogonia (cystocytes), clustered early meiotic cells, a few growing previtellogenic oocytes, and 3 large nurse cells. The dorsal ovarian region is occupied by the clusters of bacteriocytes which harbor symbiotic bacteria. Oocytes undergo vitellogenesis in individual ovarian pouches, each connected to the corresponding nurse cell by an intercellular bridge. The fine structure of the bridge suggests transport between the interconnected cells in the course of vitellogenesis. The population of cystocytes was shown to be heterogenic. The electron-light cells enter meiosis and develop into the oocytes or nurse cells. The electron-dense cystocytes do not show meiotic transformation and probably give rise to the bacteriocytes. The early development of the nurse cells and oocytes is similar and accompanied by the blebbing of the nuclear envelope, appearance of nuage material and Balbiani bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Filimonova
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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Abstract
The subphylum Chelicerata represents one of the oldest groups among arthropods and comprises more than a dozen orders. Representatives of particular orders differ significantly in their external morphology, reproductive biology, behavior, and structure of internal organs, e.g. of the respiratory system. However, in almost all chelicerates (excluding some mites) the female gonads show a similar architecture. In this chapter, the chelicerate-type ovary structure and the course of oogenesis are described. Structural and functional diversities of the chelicerate-type ovary in non-matrotrophic and matrotrophic arachnids are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Jędrzejowska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
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Convergent and unidirectional evolution of extremely long aedeagi in the largest feather mite genus, Proctophyllodes (Acari: Proctophyllodidae): Evidence from comparative molecular and morphological phylogenetics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Alberti G, Kanarek G, Dabert J. Unusual way of feeding by the deutonymph of Neottialges evansi (Actinotrichida, Astigmata, Hypoderatidae), a subcutaneous parasite of cormorants, revealed by fine structural analyses. J Morphol 2016; 277:1368-89. [PMID: 27466006 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic deutonymphs of hypoderatid mites live within the subcutaneous layer of their avian hosts, where they become greatly engorged despite not having functional mouthparts. The method by which they take up nutrients has been mysterious up to now. Here, we report on the morphology of hypoderatid deutonymphs using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and describe structures that may resolve the mystery. The deutonymph of Neottialges evansi (Hypoderatidae) from the cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo is a simply organized stage lacking both mouthparts and a functional foregut. The structure of midgut and hindgut indicate that they are not capable of processing food. The midgut consists of highly branching flat cells and rarely shows a lumen. Almost the entire space between integument, gut remnants and other organs (synganglion, developing gonads) is filled by huge cells containing protein and glycogen granules and numerous lipid inclusions. The anal opening is minute. The structure of the cuticle and epidermis suggests that nutrients are not absorbed through the general integument. Thus the two main existing hypotheses about feeding modes in hypoderatid deutonymphs, anal vs. integumentary food absorbtion, are not supported. We suggest instead that two pairs of genital papillae showing peculiar microanatomical features are actively involved in movement of liquid materials between host and mite and most probably are the nutrient-intake organs. J. Morphol. 277:1368-1389, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Alberti
- Zoological Institute and Museum, E-MAU Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Gerard Kanarek
- Ornithological Station, Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Dabert
- Department of Animal Morphology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Chetverikov PE. Confocal microscopy reveals uniform male reproductive anatomy in eriophyoid mites (Acariformes, Eriophyoidea) including spermatophore pump and paired vasa deferentia. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2015; 66:555-574. [PMID: 26043829 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Male internal genitalia of eriophyoid mites comprise cuticle lined (anterior genital apodeme, genital chamber and ductus ejculatorius) and soft (paired vasa deferentia and single testis) organs. Three-dimensional reconstructions based on autofluorescence show that a thin-walled genital chamber is usually situated in a transverse plane and precisely copies the shape of the spermatophore. A thin vertical longitudinal plate (homologous to female longitudinal bridge) joins the genital chamber and ventral genital cuticle. The anterior genital apodeme is a separate vertical plate situated ahead of the genital chamber and provides a rigid support for it. The brightly autofluorescent ductus ejaculatorius starts from the posterior extremity of the genital chamber and goes backward. Proximally, the ductus ejaculatorius is tube-like, whereas distally, it is expanded into a sac. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observations on males, stained with phalloidin, indicate that the proximal ductus ejaculatorius is devoid of muscles whereas the distal ductus ejaculatorius possesses well-developed musculature (the "spermatophore pump"), appearing in 3D reconstructions as a hollow sphere with three apertures: one anterior and two posterior. Two thin-walled sausage-like vasa deferentia join the distal ductus ejaculatorius with a large single testis, each junction is encircled by a strong, ring-shaped muscle (musculus sphincter testiculodeferentis). Thin muscular fibers of the wall of the testis form a net-like pattern consisting of distinct polygonal cells. The topography of the male internal genitalia and musculature suggests that, contrary to previous observations, the spermatophore head might be extruded first and then the spermatophore stalk appears. The possible role of visceral and skeletal musculature, in the process of the expulsion of a spermatophore, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp E Chetverikov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia,
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Alberti G, Ehrnsberger R. Fine structure of the male genital system of the predatory mite Rhagidia halophila (Rhagidiidae, Prostigmata, Actinotrichida). J Morphol 2015; 276:832-59. [PMID: 25845733 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The male genital system of the actinotrichid mite Rhagidia halophila is described and compared with other mites and arachnids. The large testes are composed of germinal and glandular parts and produce numerous small sperm cells. The glandular parts are connected via a testicular bridge. Spermiogenesis occurs in cysts containing spermatids in equal stages of development. Cysts of spermatids are embedded in huge somatic cells. The nuclei of the spermatids loose their envelope. Mature sperm cells are simple exhibiting a ring-shaped chromatin body and lacking an acrosomal complex. They are most similar to the sperm cells of the related mite Linopodes motatorius. The spermatopositor contains the ejaculatory duct divided into a dorsal channel and a ventral channel that are connected via a narrow passage. At its distal end, the spermatopositor is divided into three eugenital lips. The function of the spermatopositor during deposition of the peculiar thread-like spermatophores is discussed. Details of the sensilla of the spermatopositor and the progenital lips are reported. The genital papillae located on the inner side of the progenital lips exhibit characteristics of cells performing transport of ions and/or water. The results confirm the overall similarity of actinotrichid genital systems, which is profoundly different from that of anactinotrichid mites. With reference to other Arachnida it is corroborated that testes and sperm structure of Actinotrichida are most similar to that of Solifugae. However, synapomorphies between sperm cells of Rhagidia and Solifugae that could suggest a closer relationship between these two taxa as was suggested in earlier studies were not recognizable. On the contrary, the sperm cells of Rh. halophila being devoid of an acrosomal complex appeared to be more apomorphic than those of many other actinotrichid mites as well as Solifugae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Alberti
- Allgemeine und Systematische Zoologie, Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, J.-S.-Bach-Str. 11/12, Greifswald, 17489, Germany
| | - Rainer Ehrnsberger
- Institut für Didaktik der Naturwissenschaften, Universität Vechta, Driverstr. 22, Vechta, 49377, Germany
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Witaliński W, Rożej-Pabijan E, Podkowa D. Gonads in Histiostoma mites (Acariformes: Astigmata): structure and development. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2014; 43:385-401. [PMID: 24791695 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of male and female gonads in arrhenotokous and thelytokous species of Histiostoma was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All instars were examined: larvae, protonymphs, facultative heteromorphic deutonymphs (=hypopi), tritonymphs, and adults. In testis primordium, spermatogonia surrounding a testicular central cell (TCC) with a gradually enlarging, branched nucleus are present already at the larval stage. Spermatogonia and the TCC are connected via narrow, tubular intercellular bridges revealing that the TCC is a germline cell. Spermatocytes appear at the protonymphal stage. At the heteromorphic deutonymph stage, the testis primordium is similar to that of the protonymph, but in the tritonymph it is much larger and composed as in the adult: spermatids as well as sperm cells are present. The latter are congregated ventrally in the testis at the entrance of the deferent duct. In the larval ovary, an eccentrically located ovarian nutritive cell (ONC) is surrounded by oogonia which are connected with the ONC via tubular intercellular bridges. In later stages, the ovary grows and oocytes appear in the protonymph. Meiotic synaptonemal complexes in oocytes occur from the tritonymph stage. At about the time of the final molting, tubular intercellular bridges transform into peculiar diaphragm-crossed bridges known only in Histiostoma mites. In the adult female, growing oocytes at the end of previtellogenesis lose intercellular bridges and move ventro-laterally to the ovarian periphery towards the oviduct entrance. Vitellogenesis occurs in oviducts. Germinal cells in both the testis and ovary are embedded in a few somatic stroma cells which may be well discernible already in the larval ovary; in the testis, somatic stroma cells are evident not earlier than the end of the tritonymphal stage. The ovary has a thin wall of flat somatic cells, whereas the testis is covered by a basal lamina only. The obtained results suggest that gonads in Histiostoma and other Astigmata originate from two primordial cells only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Witaliński
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Dagmara Podkowa
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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