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Song Y, Zhu L, Richa M, Li P, Yang Y, Li S. Associations of the APOC3 rs5128 polymorphism with plasma APOC3 and lipid levels: a meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:32. [PMID: 25928461 PMCID: PMC4457007 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of the association between the apolipoprotein C3 gene (APOC3) rs5128 polymorphism and plasma levels of apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) and lipids have reported apparently conflicting findings. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the associations of the rs5128 polymorphism with fasting APOC3 and lipid levels. METHODS The following information was abstracted for each study: ethnicity, age, sex, health condition, sample size, genotyping and lipid assay methods, mean and standard deviation or standard error by genotypes for APOC3 and lipid variables. There were 42 eligible studies with 23846 subjects included in this meta-analysis. A dominant model was used for this meta-analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the carriers of the variant allele G had higher levels of APOC3 [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12-0.31, P<0.00001], triglycerides (TG) (SMD: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.23-0.44, P<0.00001), total cholesterol (TC) (SMD: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.09-0.22, P<0.00001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.04-0.17, P=0.001) than the non-carriers. No significant association between the APOC3 rs5128 polymorphism and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was detected under the dominant model (SMD: -0.03, 95% CI: -0.06-0.01, P=0.156). CONCLUSIONS The results from the present meta-analysis demonstrate a significant association between the APOC3 rs5128 polymorphism and higher levels of APOC3, TG, TC and LDL-C, but further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Song
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P R. China.
| | - Liren Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P R. China.
| | - Mudwari Richa
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P R. China.
| | - Ping Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P R. China.
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P R. China.
| | - Suping Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, P R. China.
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Magnussen CG, Niinikoski H, Juonala M, Kivimäki M, Rönnemaa T, Viikari JSA, Simell O, Raitakari OT. When and how to start prevention of atherosclerosis? Lessons from the Cardiovascular Risk in the Young Finns Study and the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27:1441-52. [PMID: 21877168 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-011-1990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an up-to-date summary of findings from two ongoing population-based, prospective studies conducted in Finland: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, and the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP), which have contributed significantly to the scientific literature concerning the childhood origin of cardiovascular disease, and whether prevention efforts in adults can be expanded to young people. From the Young Finns Study, we summarize evidence demonstrating childhood risk factors to be associated with both risk factors and preclinical markers of atherosclerosis in adulthood, and from STRIP, we summarize evidence showing that supervised dietary counseling of a low saturated fat diet effectively decreases exposure to cardiovascular risk factors without affecting growth and development of healthy children and adolescents. The evidence available from these studies supports that the ability to prevent or delay the risk of premature atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae later in life lies in maintaining a low lifetime risk by preventing the development of risk factors in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Finland, Finland
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Sediri Y, Kallel A, Feki M, Mourali S, Elasmi M, Abdessalem S, Mechmeche R, Jemaa R, Kaabachi N. Association of a DNA polymorphism of the apolipoprotein AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster with myocardial infarction in a Tunisian population. Eur J Intern Med 2011; 22:407-11. [PMID: 21767760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoproteins AI-CIII-AIV play important roles in the metabolism of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, whether genetic variations in the ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene cluster are associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) remains uncertain. In the present study, we examined a possible association of the ApoCIII SacI polymorphism in the ApoAI-CIII-AIV gene cluster with lipid parameters and MI in a sample of the Tunisian population. METHODS A total of 326 Tunisian patients with MI and 361 controls were included in the study. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction--restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. RESULTS A significant difference in genotype distribution and allele frequency was observed between patients and controls. At the multivariate analysis after adjustment for traditional vascular risk factors, the ApoCIII SacI polymorphism was significantly associated with MI, according to co-dominant and dominant models (co-dominant model odds ratio [OR]: 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0-2.35, p=0.04; dominant model OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.11-3.67, p=0.02). The MI patient group showed a significant higher frequency of the S2 allele compared to the controls (10.2% vs. 6.5%; OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.10-2.47, p=0.01). There was no statistically significant association between ApoAI-CIII-AIV cluster gene polymorphism and lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels in both MI patients and controls. CONCLUSION In the current study, a significant association between the ApoCIII SacI polymorphism (presence of S2 allele) and MI in the Tunisian population was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Sediri
- Research Laboratory LR99ES11, Department of Biochemistry, Hospital la Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia
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Wojczynski MK, Gao G, Borecki I, Hopkins PN, Parnell L, Lai CQ, Ordovas JM, Chung BH, Arnett DK. Apolipoprotein B genetic variants modify the response to fenofibrate: a GOLDN study. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:3316-23. [PMID: 20724655 PMCID: PMC2952572 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p001834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia, defined as a triglyceride measurement > 150 mg/dl, occurs in up to 34% of adults. Fenofibrate is a commonly used drug to treat hypertriglyceridemia, but response to fenofibrate varies considerably among individuals. We sought to determine if genetic variation in apolipoprotein B (APOB), an essential core of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein formation, may account for some of the inter-individual differences observed in triglyceride (TG) response to fenofibrate treatment. Participants (N = 958) from the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study completed a three-week intervention with fenofibrate 160 mg/day. Associations of four APOB gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (rs934197, rs693, rs676210, and rs1042031) were tested for association with the TG response to fenofibrate using a mixed growth curve model where the familial structure was modeled as a random effect and cardiovascular risk factors were included as covariates. Three of these four SNPs changed the amino acid sequence of APOB, and the fourth was in the promoter region. TG response to fenofibrate treatment was associated with one APOB SNP, rs676210 (Pro2739Leu), such that participants with the TT genotype of rs676210 had greater TG lowering than those with the CC genotype (additive model, P = 0.0017). We conclude the rs676210 variant may identify individuals who respond best to fenofibrate for TG reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Wojczynski
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Guimin Gao
- Section on Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ingrid Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Paul N. Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Cardiology Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Laurence Parnell
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - B. Hong Chung
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Nieminen T, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T. The effects of apoA-I/C-III/A-IV, apoE and apoB polymorphisms on carotid artery intima-media thickness. Future Cardiol 2010; 2:179-86. [PMID: 19804074 DOI: 10.2217/14796678.2.2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Different apolipoprotein combinations explain most of the functional differences between plasma lipoproteins. This emphasizes the pivotal role of apolipoproteins in the homeostasis and physiological control of lipid metabolism. Genetic polymorphisms of apolipoprotein (apo)A-I/C-III/A-IV, apoE and apoB have been suggested to modulate plasma lipid levels as well as the risk of coronary artery disease and stroke. Carotid artery intima-media thickness has been shown to represent preclinical atherosclerosis and has, therefore, been used as a surrogate in quantifying the early stages of atherosclerosis. The effects of the polymorphisms in apoA-I/C-III/A-IV and apoB on carotid intima-media thickness are poorly known. The corresponding influence of apoE polymorphisms has been studied more extensively, but the results are not yet conclusive. In this review, these results are presented in detail and the potential reasons and mechanisms for the discrepancies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Nieminen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Tampere Medical School, FI-33014, Finland.
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Dodani S. Excess coronary artery disease risk in South Asian immigrants: can dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein explain increased risk? Vasc Health Risk Manag 2008; 4:953-61. [PMID: 19183743 PMCID: PMC2605339 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States (US), and South Asian immigrants (SAIs) have a higher risk of CAD compared to Caucasians. Traditional risk factors may not completely explain high risk, and some of the unknown risk factors need to be explored. This short review is mainly focused on the possible role of dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in causing CAD and presents an overview of available literature on dysfunctional HDL. DISCUSSION The conventional risk factors, insulin resistance parameters, and metabolic syndrome, although important in predicting CAD risk, may not sufficiently predict risk in SAIs. HDL has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antithrombotic properties that contribute to its function as an antiatherogenic agent. Recent Caucasian studies have shown HDL is not only ineffective as an antioxidant but, paradoxically, appears to be prooxidant, and has been found to be associated with CAD. Several causes have been hypothesized for HDL to become dysfunctional, including Apo lipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) polymorphisms. New risk factors and markers like dysfunctional HDL and genetic polymorphisms may be associated with CAD. CONCLUSIONS More research is required in SAIs to explore associations with CAD and to enhance early detection and prevention of CAD in this high risk group.
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Zhao J, Cheema FA, Bremner JD, Goldberg J, Su S, Snieder H, Maisano C, Jones L, Javed F, Murrah N, Le NA, Vaccarino V. Heritability of carotid intima-media thickness: a twin study. Atherosclerosis 2007; 197:814-20. [PMID: 17825306 PMCID: PMC2387097 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the heritability of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate marker for atherosclerosis, independent of traditional coronary risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a classical twin study of carotid IMT using 98 middle-aged male twin pairs, 58 monozygotic (MZ) and 40 dizygotic (DZ) pairs, from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. All twins were free of overt cardiovascular disease. Carotid IMT was measured by ultrasound. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the association between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and carotid IMT. Intraclass correlation coefficients and genetic modeling techniques were used to determine the relative contributions of genes and environment to the variation in carotid IMT. In our sample, the mean of the maximum carotid IMT was 0.75+/-0.11. Age, systolic blood pressure and HDL were significantly associated with carotid IMT. The intraclass correlation coefficient for carotid IMT was larger in MZ (0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.69) than in DZ twins (0.37; 95% CI, 0.29-0.44), and the unadjusted heritability was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.54-0.79). After adjusting for traditional coronary risk factors, the heritability of carotid IMT was slightly reduced but still of considerable magnitude (0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.73). CONCLUSION Genetic factors have a substantial influence on the variation of carotid IMT. Most of this genetic effect occurs through pathways independent of traditional coronary risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Faiz A. Cheema
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - J. Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Shaoyong Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Harold Snieder
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St Thomas’ Campus, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Carisa Maisano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Linda Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Farhan Javed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nancy Murrah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ngoc-Anh Le
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Nieminen T, Kähönen M, Islam S, Raitakari OT, Hutri-Kähönen N, Marniemi J, Juonala M, Rontu R, Viikari J, Lehtimäki T. Apolipoprotein A-I/C-III/A-IV SstI and apolipoprotein B XbaI polymorphisms do not affect early functional and structural changes in atherosclerosis: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Circ J 2007; 71:741-5. [PMID: 17457002 DOI: 10.1253/circj.71.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to investigate the effects of apoB XbaI and apoA-I/C-III/A-IV SstI polymorphisms to carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), carotid artery compliance (CAC) and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD). METHODS AND RESULTS As part of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study, the carotid IMT, CAC and brachial FMD of 2,265 subjects (mean age +/- SD 32 +/-5 years) were measured with ultrasonography, and genotyping of the apolipoprotein polymorphisms was performed. The frequencies of the genotypes did not differ between the groups with high (above median 0.57 mm) and low (below median) IMT, CAC or FMD. The average carotid IMT differed between the 3 apoB XbaI genotypes (ANOVA, p=0.04), but not between the apoA-I/C-III/A-IV SstI genotypes (ANOVA, p=0.53). The relationship between the polymorphisms and carotid IMT was not significant in any of the covariate-adjusted logistic and linear regression analyses. CAC and FMD were not influenced by either of the polymorphisms in ANOVA and regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS The polymorphisms apoA-I/C-III/A-IV SstI and apoB XbaI do not seem to affect carotid artery characteristics or brachial artery FMD in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Nieminen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Fiegenbaum M, de Andrade FM, Hutz MH. Association between plasma lipid parameters and APOC3 genotypes in Brazilian subjects: effect of gender, smoking and APOE genotypes. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 380:175-81. [PMID: 17367769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOC3 polymorphisms were associated with lipid parameters and coronary artery disease in several populations but not all. Considering the multifactorial inheritance and environmental factors that underlie the determination of triglyceride (TG) and HDL-C levels, the aims of the present study were to perform association analyses of APOC3 polymorphisms and these lipids in a southern Brazilian population of European descent to investigate possible interactions with other genetic and/or environmental factors. METHODS Six hundred and seventy-three subjects participated in the study. -482C>T, -455T>C and 3238C>G polymorphisms genotyping were carried out by PCR followed by restriction enzyme digestion. RESULTS In female subjects the APOC3-APOE genotype combinations had a significant effect on triglyceride levels (ANOVA, P=0.009). Post hoc analysis showed that the observed differences were between APOC3 S(*)2 carriers and S(*)1S(*)1 homozygotes in individuals with an APOE(*)3/3 genotype (Tukey HSD post hoc test, P=0.027). In APOE(*)3/(*)3 subjects, the raising effect of APOC3 S(*)2 allele on TG concentrations was more pronounced in female smokers (+59.4%) than in nonsmokers (+18.8%, P of S(*)2-smoking interaction=0.009). Among APOE(*)3/(*)3 subjects, male carriers of the less common alleles -482T and -455C had significant lower levels of HDL-C compared to homozygotes -482C/C and -455T/T (P=0.02 and P=0.006, respectively). CONCLUSION APOC3 polymorphisms were associated with lipid variables, but the magnitude of these associations was modulated by additional genetic, biologic and/or environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilu Fiegenbaum
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex disease with various intermediate phenotypes that are themselves complex and influenced by many factors. Through the use of carotid ultrasound techniques, the intermediate stages of vascular disease can be imaged and studied for association with potential genetic determinants. In this article we review the most recent available data (reports published since 2004) on the genetic determinants of atherosclerosis, as measured by one-, two-, and three-dimensional ultrasonography of the carotid arteries. In general, associations are disparate and modest. For intima-media thickness, promising associations have been found for both TNFRSF1A R92Q and PPARG P12A, but associations also differed in the same individuals depending on the specific ultrasound trait studied (eg, linear intima-media thickness versus total plaque volume in carotid arteries). Some of the challenging issues for future studies include accounting for gene-environment interactions, sex-specific associations, and the distinctiveness of different carotid ultrasound measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pollex
- Blackburn Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, London, Ontario, Canada
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Elosua R, Ordovas JM, Cupples LA, Lai CQ, Demissie S, Fox CS, Polak JF, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, O'Donnell CJ. Variants at the APOA5 locus, association with carotid atherosclerosis, and modification by obesity: the Framingham Study. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:990-6. [PMID: 16474174 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m500446-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation at the apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5) is associated with increased triglyceride concentrations, a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) is a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis burden. We sought to determine the association of common APOA5 genetic variants with carotid IMT and stenosis. A total of 2,273 Framingham Offspring Study participants underwent carotid ultrasound and had data on at least one of the five APOA5 variants (-1131T>C, -3A>G, 56C>G, IVS3+476G >A, and 1259T>C). Although none of the individual variants was significantly associated with carotid measures, the haplotype defined by the presence of the rare allele of the 56C>G variant was associated with a higher common carotid artery (CCA) IMT compared with the wild-type haplotype (0.75 vs. 0.73 mm; P < 0.05). The rare allele of each of the -1131T >C, -3A>G, IVS3+476G>A, and 1259T>C variants and the haplotype defined by the presence of the rare alleles in these four variants were each significantly associated with CCA IMT in obese participants. These associations remained significant even after adjustment for triglycerides. APOA5 variants were associated with CCA IMT, particularly in obese participants. The mechanism of these associations and the effect modification by obesity are independent of fasting triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Elosua
- US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Li Y, Liu ZW, Han QY, Li H. Correlations of chronic hepatitis C virus infection with Xba I polymorphism of apolipoprotein B gene and serum lipid metabolism. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:2736-2741. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i23.2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the Xba I locus polymorphisms of apolipoprotein B (Apo B) gene and their internal correlations with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and serum lipid metabolism.
METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to analyze the genotype of the Apo B gene in 77 patients and 62 controls, according to the design of case control study. Meanwhile, the blood samples were analyzed for hepatic function and serum lipid by automatic biochemistry analyzer.
RESULTS: The frequencies of X+X- and X-X- of Xba I locus polymorphism were different between the patients and the controls and the frequency of X+ allele in the patients was lower than that in the controls (0.071 vs 0.121, P = 0.136), but no statistical significance was not found. The frequency of X+ allele in patients with HCV RNA≥80 000 copies/L was significantly lower than that with HCV RNA<80 000 copies/L (0.048 vs 0.179, P = 0.035). Furthermore, the levels of Apo B in the patients of X+X- genotype were significantly higher than those in the patients of X-X- genotype (P = 0.019). The serum levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and Apo B were negatively correlated with serum HCV RNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C (r = -0.460, P = 0.016; r = -0.538, P = 0.005, respectively), and the correlation with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was not found.
CONCLUSION: The Xba I locus polymorphism of Apo B gene is not correlated with susceptibility of Chinese people to HCV, but it may affect the HCV viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The variation of X+ allele may affect serum Apo B levels in patients with chronic HCV infection. The serum levels of LDL and Apo B are closely correlated with serum HCV RNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
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