1
|
Moreno-Gordaliza E, van der Lee SJ, Demirkan A, van Duijn CM, Kuiper J, Lindenburg PW, Hankemeier T. A novel method for serum lipoprotein profiling using high performance capillary isotachophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 944:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
2
|
Hafiane A, Genest J. High density lipoproteins: Measurement techniques and potential biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 3:175-88. [PMID: 26674734 PMCID: PMC4661556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) comprises a heterogeneous family of lipoprotein species, differing in surface charge, size and lipid and protein compositions. While HDL cholesterol (C) mass is a strong, graded and coherent biomarker of cardiovascular risk, genetic and clinical trial data suggest that the simple measurement of HDL-C may not be causal in preventing atherosclerosis nor reflect HDL functionality. Indeed, the measurement of HDL-C may be a biomarker of cardiovascular health. To assess the issue of HDL function as a potential therapeutic target, robust and simple analytical methods are required. The complex pleiotropic effects of HDL make the development of a single measurement challenging. Development of laboratory assays that accurately HDL function must be developed validated and brought to high-throughput for clinical purposes. This review discusses the limitations of current laboratory technologies for methods that separate and quantify HDL and potential application to predict CVD, with an emphasis on emergent approaches as potential biomarkers in clinical practice.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2D-PAGGE, two dimensional polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis
- ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I
- Apolipoprotein A-I
- Atherosclerosis
- Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cellular cholesterol efflux
- Coronary artery disease
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- High density lipoproteins
- LCAT, lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
- MOP, myeloperoxidase
- MS/MS, tandem-mass spectrometry
- ND-PAGGE, non-denaturant polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PON1, paraoxonase 1
- SELDI, surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization
- TOF, time-of-flight
- UTC, ultracentrifugation
- Vascular endothelial function
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Avenue des Pins West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Avenue des Pins West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yamaguchi S, Zhang B, Tomonaga T, Seino U, Kanagawa A, Segawa M, Nagasaka H, Suzuki A, Miida T, Yamada S, Sasaguri Y, Doi T, Saku K, Okazaki M, Tochino Y, Hirano KI. Selective evaluation of high density lipoprotein from mouse small intestine by an in situ perfusion technique. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:905-18. [PMID: 24569139 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m047761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine (SI) is the second-greatest source of HDL in mice. However, the selective evaluation of SI-derived HDL (SI-HDL) has been difficult because even the origin of HDL obtained in vivo from the intestinal lymph duct of anesthetized rodents is doubtful. To shed light on this question, we have developed a novel in situ perfusion technique using surgically isolated mouse SI, with which the possible filtration of plasma HDL into the SI lymph duct can be prevented. With the developed method, we studied the characteristics of and mechanism for the production and regulation of SI-HDL. Nascent HDL particles were detected in SI lymph perfusates in WT mice, but not in ABCA1 KO mice. SI-HDL had a high protein content and was smaller than plasma HDL. SI-HDL was rich in TG and apo AIV compared with HDL in liver perfusates. SI-HDL was increased by high-fat diets and reduced in apo E KO mice. In conclusion, with our in situ perfusion model that enables the selective evaluation of SI-HDL, we demonstrated that ABCA1 plays an important role in intestinal HDL production, and SI-HDL is small, dense, rich in apo AIV, and regulated by nutritional and genetic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu YN, Shu TY, Xie HG, Lai WT, Liao YH, Su MY, Lin YS, Chen YY, Lin YJ, Chong CP, Liu MY. Characterization of in vitro modified human very low-density lipoprotein particles and phospholipids by capillary electrophoresis. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23208377 PMCID: PMC3546697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was used to characterize human very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles for four healthy donors. One major peak was observed for native, in vitro oxidized and glycated VLDL particles. The effective mobilities and peak areas of the capillary electrophoresis (CE) profiles showed good reproducibility and precision. The mobility of the oxidized VLDL peak was higher than that of the native VLDL. The mobility of the glycated VLDL peak was similar to that of the native VLDL. Phospholipids isolated from VLDL particles were analyzed by our recently developed micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with a high-salt stacking method. At absorbance 200 nm, the native VLDL phospholipids showed a major peak and a minor peak for each donor. For oxidized VLDL phospholipids, the area of the major peak reduced for three donors, possibly due to phospholipid decomposition. For glycated VLDL phospholipids, the peak mobilities were more positive than native VLDL phospholipids for two donors, possibly due to phospholipid-linked advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Very interestingly, at absorbance 234 nm, the major peak of oxidized VLDL phospholipids was resolved as two peaks for each donor, possibly due to conjugated dienes formed upon oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ning Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sánchez-Quesada JL, Estruch M, Benítez S, Ordóñez-Llanos J. Electronegative LDL: a useful biomarker of cardiovascular risk? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
6
|
Mitsutake R, Miura SI, Zhang B, Saku K. HDL-associated factors provide additional prognostic information for coronary artery disease as determined by multi-detector row computed tomography. Int J Cardiol 2010; 143:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
7
|
MIYACHI KIYOMITSU, HANKINS RALEIGHW, UEHARA YOSHINARI, HOMMA YASUHIKO, SHIGEMATSU HIROSHI, MIKOSHIBA KATSUHIKO, ZHANG BO, SAKU KEIJIRO. A Postmenopausal Patient with Tangier Disease Developing Sjögren’s Syndrome. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:208-10. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Zhang B, Matsunaga A, Rainwater DL, Miura SI, Noda K, Nishikawa H, Uehara Y, Shirai K, Ogawa M, Saku K. Effects of rosuvastatin on electronegative LDL as characterized by capillary isotachophoresis: the ROSARY Study. J Lipid Res 2008; 50:1832-41. [PMID: 19056704 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800523-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronegative LDL, a charge-modified LDL (cm-LDL) subfraction that is more negatively charged than normal LDL, has been shown to be inflammatory. We previously showed that pravastatin and simvastatin reduced the electronegative LDL subfraction, fast-migrating LDL (fLDL), as analyzed by capillary isotachophoresis (cITP). The present study examined the effects of rosuvastatin on the more electronegative LDL subfraction, very-fast-migrating LDL (vfLDL), and small, dense charge-modified LDL (sd-cm-LDL) subfractions. Patients with hypercholesterolemia or those who were being treated with statins (n = 81) were treated with or switched to 2.5 mg/d rosuvastatin for 3 months. Rosuvastatin treatment effectively reduced cITP cm-LDL subfractions of LDL (vfLDL and fLDL) or sdLDL (sd-vfLDL and sd-fLDL), which were closely related to each other but were different from the normal subfraction of LDL [slow-migrating LDL (sLDL)] or sdLDL (sd-sLDL) in their relation to the levels of remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C), apolipoprotein (apo) C-II, and apoE. The percent changes in cm-LDL or sd-cm-LDL caused by rosuvastatin were correlated with those in the particle concentrations of LDL or sdLDL measured as LDL-apoB or sdLDL-apoB and the levels of HDL-C, RLP-C, apoC-II, and apoE. In conclusion, rosuvastatin effectively reduced both the vfLDL subfraction and sd-cm-LDL subfractions as analyzed by cITP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang B, Miura SI, Yanagi D, Noda K, Nishikawa H, Matsunaga A, Shirai K, Iwata A, Yoshinaga K, Adachi H, Imaizumi T, Saku K. Reduction of charge-modified LDL by statin therapy in patients with CHD or CHD risk factors and elevated LDL-C levels: the SPECIAL Study. Atherosclerosis 2008; 201:353-9. [PMID: 18395728 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Various forms of atherogenic modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) including oxidized LDL and small, dense LDL have increased negative charge as compared to normal LDL. Charge-modified LDL (electronegative LDL) and normal LDL subfractions in plasma are analyzed by capillary isotachophoresis (cITP) as fast-migrating LDL (fLDL) and slow-migrating LDL (sLDL). We examined the effects of pravastatin and simvastatin on charge-based LDL subfractions as determined by cITP in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Patients (n=72) with CHD or CHD risk factors and elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were randomly assigned to receive pravastatin or simvastatin. After treatment with statins for 3 and 6 months, both cITP fLDL and sLDL were reduced (p<0.05) from the baseline, but the effects did not differ between treatment with pravastatin and simvastatin. At baseline and after treatment for 3 months, cITP sLDL was correlated with LDL-C, but fLDL was correlated with inflammatory markers, high-sensitive C-reactive protein and LDL-associated platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, and atherogenic lipoproteins, remnant-like particle cholesterol and small, dense LDL cholesterol. In conclusion, cITP fLDL was related to inflammatory markers and atherogenic lipoproteins and was reduced by treatment with statins. Charge-modified LDL subfraction could be a potential marker for atherosclerosis and a target for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang B, Uehara Y, Hida S, Miura SI, Rainwater DL, Segawa M, Kumagai K, Rye KA, Saku K. Effects of reconstituted HDL on charge-based LDL subfractions as characterized by capillary isotachophoresis. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:1175-89. [PMID: 17327623 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600227-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified LDL in human plasma including small, dense LDL (sdLDL) and oxidized LDL carries a more negative charge than unmodified LDL and is atherogenic. We examined the effects of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)/POPC discs on charge-based LDL subfractions as determined by capillary isotachophoresis (cITP). Three normal healthy subjects and seven patients with metabolic disorders were included in the study. LDL in human plasma was separated into two major subfractions, fast- and slow-migrating LDL (fLDL and sLDL), by cITP. Normal LDL was characterized by low fLDL, and mildly oxidized LDL in vitro and mildly modified LDL in human plasma were characterized by increased fLDL. Moderately oxidized LDL in vitro and moderately modified LDL in a patient with hypertriglyceridemia and HDL deficiency were characterized by both increased fLDL and a new LDL subfraction with a faster mobility than fLDL [very-fast-migrating LDL as determined by cITP (vfLDL)]. cITP LDL subfractions with faster electrophoretic mobility (fLDL vs. sLDL, vfLDL vs. fLDL) were associated with an increased content of sdLDL. Incubation of a plasma fraction with d>1.019 g/ml (depleted of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins) in the presence of apoA-I/POPC discs at 37 degrees C greatly decreased vfLDL and fLDL but increased sLDL. Incubation of whole plasma from patients with an altered distribution of cITP LDL subfractions in the presence of apoA-I/POPC discs also greatly decreased fLDL but increased sLDL. ApoA-I/POPC discs decreased the cITP fLDL level, the free cholesterol concentration, and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in the sdLDL subclasses (d=1.040-1.063 g/ml) and increased the size of LDL. ApoA-I/POPC discs reduced charge-modified LDL in human plasma by remodeling cITP fLDL into sLDL subfractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|