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Fernandez-Robredo P, Recalde S, Hernandez M, Zarranz-Ventura J, Molins B, Casaroli-Marano RP, Adan A, Saenz-de-Viteri M, García-Layana A. Novel Association of High C-Reactive Protein Levels and A69S at Risk Alleles in Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Women. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1862. [PMID: 30154790 PMCID: PMC6102554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the relationship between plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, the main ARMS2 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and gender in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD). Methods Our study included 131 patients with wetAMD [age-related eye disease study (AREDS) category 4] and 153 control participants (AREDS category 1) from two Spanish retinal units. CRP levels were determined on blood samples by high-sensitivity ELISA assay. According to their CRP level, subjects were categorized into three well-established CRP categories: low (<1.00 mg/L, L-CRP), moderate (1–2.99 mg/L, M-CRP), and high (>3.00 mg/L, H-CRP). Genomic DNA was extracted from oral swabs using QIAcube (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and the A69S; rs10490924 of ARMS2 gene was genotyped by allelic discrimination with validated TaqMan assays (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age was used to analyze the genomic frequencies and to calculate odds ratio (OR) using SNPStats software. Results Considering CRP risk categories, H-CRP group showed a significant [OR 4.0 (1.9–8.3)] association with wetAMD compared to L-CRP group. The risk genotypes of A69S (TT) SNPs showed an association with wetAMD risk [OR 14.0 (4.8–40.8)]. Interestingly, the gender stratification of the CRP categories showed a significant increase in CRP levels in wetAMD women compared with control women [OR 6.9 (2.2–22.3)] and with wetAMD men [OR 4.6 (1.3–16.9)]. In addition, the subgroup analysis of CRP within A69S genotype and gender showed a link in women between the A69S and CRP levels in the AMD group compared to controls [OR 4.2 (1.4–12.6)]. Conclusion Our study shows, for the first time, that a different genetic association related with gender could contribute to AMD risk. As a consequence, the risk of female gender in the different CRP levels and A69S SNP frequencies could be taken into consideration to the established risk relationship of high levels of CRP and its association with risk A69S genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Zarranz-Ventura
- Hospital Clínic, Institut Clínic d'Oftalmologia (ICOF), Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Molins
- Hospital Clínic, Institut Clínic d'Oftalmologia (ICOF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo Adan
- Hospital Clínic, Institut Clínic d'Oftalmologia (ICOF), Barcelona, Spain.,Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Saenz-de-Viteri
- Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Royal Eye Infirmary, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo García-Layana
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Gragnoli C, Reeves GM, Reazer J, Postolache TT. Dopamine-prolactin pathway potentially contributes to the schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes comorbidity. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e785. [PMID: 27093067 PMCID: PMC4872408 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are clinically associated, and common knowledge attributes this association to side effects of antipsychotic treatment. However, even drug-naive patients with SCZ are at increased risk for T2D. Dopamine dysfunction has a central role in SCZ. It is well-known that dopamine constitutively inhibits prolactin (PRL) secretion via the dopamine receptor 2 (DR2D). If dopamine is increased or if dopamine receptors hyperfunction, PRL may be reduced. During the first SCZ episode, low PRL levels are associated with worse symptoms. PRL is essential in human and social bonding, as well as it is implicated in glucose homeostasis. Dopamine dysfunction, beyond contributing to SCZ symptoms, may lead to altered appetite and T2D. To our knowledge, there are no studies of the genetics of the SCZ-T2D comorbidity focusing jointly on the dopamine and PRL pathway in the attempt to capture molecular heterogeneity correlated to possible disease manifestation heterogeneity. In this dopamine-PRL pathway-focused-hypothesis-driven review on the association of SCZ with T2D, we report a specific revision of what it is known about PRL and dopamine in relation to what we theorize is one of the missing links between the two disorders. We suggest that new studies are necessary to establish the genetic role of PRL and dopamine pathway in SCZ-T2D comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA,Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, Learning Resource Center, L14, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA. E-mail:
| | - G M Reeves
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Reazer
- Borland Health Sciences Library, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - T T Postolache
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA,Veterans Integrated Service Network 5 MIRECC, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lee K, Song YM, Sung J. Genetic and Environmental Associations Between C-Reactive Protein and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2013; 11:136-42. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2012.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kayoung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohon Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Genome-wide linkage analysis for circulating levels of adipokines and C-reactive protein in the Quebec family study (QFS). J Hum Genet 2008; 53:629. [PMID: 18414778 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-008-0291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue synthesizes and secretes a wide range of biologically active molecules considered as inflammatory markers whose dysregulation in obesity plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and vascular disorders. Thus, finding genes that influence circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers may provide insights into the genetic determinants of obesity-related metabolic diseases. We performed linkage analyses for fasting plasma levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in 764 subjects enrolled in the Quebec family study (QFS). A maximum of 393 pairs of siblings from 211 nuclear families were available for analyses. A total of 443 markers spanning the 22 autosomal chromosomes with an average inter-marker distance of 6.24 Mb were genotyped. Linkage was tested using both allele-sharing (SIBPAL) and variance component linkage methods (MERLIN). We showed suggestive evidence of linkage for plasma adiponectin levels on chromosome 15q21.1 [D15S659; logarithm of the odds (LOD) score = 2.23], 3q13.33 (D3S3023; LOD = 2.09), 20q13.2 (D20S197; LOD = 1.96) and 14q32.2 (D14S1426; LOD = 1.79). Evidence of linkage (SIBPAL) was also found for CRP on 12p11.23 (P = 0.001) and 12q15 (P = 0.0005) and for IL-6 on 14q12 (P = 0.002). None of these linkages remained significant after adjustment for body mass index. No evidence of linkage was found for TNF-alpha plasma levels. These results suggest that several QTLs can influence plasma levels of adiponectin and CRP, partly via their effects on adiposity.
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Ding K, Feng D, de Andrade M, Mosley TH, Turner ST, Boerwinkle E, Kullo IJ. Genomic regions that influence plasma levels of inflammatory markers in hypertensive sibships. J Hum Hypertens 2007; 22:102-10. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Broeckel U, Hengstenberg C, Mayer B, Maresso K, Gaudet D, Seda O, Tremblay J, Holmer S, Erdmann J, Glöckner C, Harrison M, Martin LJ, Williams JT, Schmitz G, Riegger GAJ, Jacob HJ, Hamet P, Schunkert H. A locus on chromosome 10 influences C-reactive protein levels in two independent populations. Hum Genet 2007; 122:95-102. [PMID: 17530289 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-007-0380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, such as stroke or coronary artery disease. Genetic factors influence significantly the inter-individual variability of hsCRP. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions influencing hsCRP levels. A genome scan was performed in two independent studies of Caucasian populations, namely 513 Western-European families ascertained for myocardial infarction (n = 1,406) and 120 French-Canadian families diagnosed with hypertension (n = 758). In the myocardial infarction families, 31% of the inter-individual variation of hsCRP levels was explained by genetic factors (P = 0.0000015) and loci influencing hsCRP were identified on chromosomes 10 (at 141 cM) and 5 (at 150 cM) with multipoint LOD scores of 3.15 and 2.23, respectively. An additional suggestive signal was detected on chromosome 2 in subset analyses. A similar degree of heritability has been observed in a second independent population of French-Canadian hypertensive families for hsCRP (30%) and linkage results for chromosome 10 were confirmed with maximum LOD score of 2.7. We identified a chromosomal region in two independent populations which influences hsCRP in addition to several unique regions. This provides targets for the identification of genes involved in the regulation of hsCRP and the development and progression of vascular disease, including stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Broeckel
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
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