1
|
Liang HJ, Zhang QY, Hu YT, Liu GQ, Qi R. Hypertriglyceridemia: A Neglected Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke? J Stroke 2022; 24:21-40. [PMID: 35135057 PMCID: PMC8829486 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2021.02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is caused by defects in triglyceride metabolism and generally manifests as abnormally high plasma triglyceride levels. Although the role of hypertriglyceridemia may not draw as much attention as that of plasma cholesterol in stroke, plasma triglycerides, especially nonfasting triglycerides, are thought to be correlated with the risk of ischemic stroke. Hypertriglyceridemia may increase the risk of ischemic stroke by promoting atherosclerosis and thrombosis and increasing blood viscosity. Moreover, hypertriglyceridemia may have some protective effects in patients who have already suffered a stroke via unclear mechanisms. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the development and prognosis of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-jie Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-tong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Rong Qi Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China Tel: +86-10-8280-5164 Fax: +86-10-8280-5164 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pierini FS, Botta E, Soriano ER, Martin M, Boero L, Meroño T, Saez MS, Lozano Chiappe E, Cerda O, Citera G, Gandino I, Rosa J, Sorroche P, Kontush A, Brites F. Effect of Tocilizumab on LDL and HDL Characteristics in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. An Observational Study. Rheumatol Ther 2021; 8:803-815. [PMID: 33811316 PMCID: PMC8217399 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-021-00304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), qualitative alterations of low and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL, respectively) might partially explain their increased cardiovascular risk. Tocilizumab has been associated with an increase in lipids, including triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of tocilizumab on certain LDL and HDL characteristics (oxidized LDL levels, HDL-associated enzymes, chemical composition of both total HDL and HDL3c subpopulation, and their capacity to promote cellular cholesterol efflux) at baseline and 3 months after the start of treatment in patients with RA. METHODS Twenty-eight RA patients (ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria) with indication of treatment with tocilizumab were included in the present study. Clinical assessment [Health assessment questionnaire (HAQ)], disease activity score 28 (DAS28), high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, lipid profile, and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels were evaluated in all patients at baseline and after 3 months of treatment with tocilizumab. Lipoprotein characteristics were evaluated through the levels of oxidized LDL (OxLDL), the activity of paraoxonase (PON) 1, the composition of total HDL and small, dense HDL3c subpopulation, and their ability to promote cellular cholesterol efflux. RESULTS After 3 months of treatment with tocilizumab, HAQ (- 23%, p < 0.05), DAS28 (- 49%, p < 0.001), and hsCRP (- 94%, p < 0.01) levels decreased significantly. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apo B levels showed a significant increase after treatment (TC: + 7.0%, p < 0.01; LDL-C: + 10%, p < 0.01; non-HDL-C: + 9.9%, p < 0.01; and apo B: + 9.6%, p < 0.05). Decreases in Lp(a) and OxLDL levels were also observed after treatment [Lp(a): - 50%, p < 0.01; and oxLDL: - 5.4%, p < 0.05]. The latter was in accordance with the increment detected in PON activity. No changes were observed in HDL capacity to promote cholesterol efflux (p > 0.05) in the whole group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with tocilizumab reduced hsCRP levels and displayed positive effects on certain lipoprotein-related parameters, such as a potent decrease inLp(a) and a reduction in OxLDL levels. Moreover, HDL capacity to promote cellular cholesterol efflux was maintained after 3 months of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia S Pierini
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medical Services, and University Institute, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Peron 4190, (1181), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Botta
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique R Soriano
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medical Services, and University Institute, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Peron 4190, (1181), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maximiliano Martin
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Boero
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Meroño
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Saez
- Central Laboratory, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Lozano Chiappe
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Cerda
- Rheumatology Service, Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Citera
- Rheumatology Service, Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Gandino
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medical Services, and University Institute, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Peron 4190, (1181), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Rosa
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medical Services, and University Institute, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Peron 4190, (1181), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Sorroche
- Central Laboratory, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anatol Kontush
- Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Research Unit 1166 - ICAN, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Litvinova L, Zatolokin P, Vulf M, Mazunin I, Skuratovskaia D. The relationship between the mtDNA copy number in insulin-dependent tissues and markers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in obese patients. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:41. [PMID: 30871567 PMCID: PMC6416834 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of energy metabolism, and the biogenesis of mitochondria is enhanced by the action of nitric oxide (NO), which is the key signaling molecule in the regulation of vascular homeostasis. A disturbance in the regulation of energy metabolism can be a key reason for the formation of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to oxidative stress, which increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In this regard, the aim of this study was to identify the relationship of the copy number of mtDNA in adipose tissue from different locations (subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), mesentery (Mes), greater omentum (GO)), liver biopsy samples and mononuclear blood cells (MNCs) with endothelial dysfunction markers (eNOS, ET-1, iCAM-1, vCAM-1, VEGF) and inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, CRP, leptin) in obese patients (body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2) with and without type 2 diabetes. Methods The study included 88 obese patients (BMI > 35 kg/m2) treated at the Kaliningrad Region Hospital. The control group consisted of 20 healthy donors. To measure mtDNA copy number we used droplet digital PCR. The concentrations of molecules (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, eNOS, ET-1, iCAM-1, vCAM-1, VEGF) were measured in plasma using the following sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Quantitative determination of leptin was evaluated by flow-fluorimetry on a «Bio-Plex Protein Assay System». Statistical analysis and graphs were obtained in R Statistical Software (version 3.3.1). Results The systemic character of chronic subclinical inflammation in obesity is established, and an increase in the level of endothelial dysfunction molecules was observed in the blood plasma. The levels of TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-8 were positively correlated with increases in BMI, serum glucose and cholesterol levels. Conclusions The copy number of mtDNA in various fat stores was higher in obese patients with type 2 diabetes than in obese patients without diabetes or in the control subjects and was related to the levels of leptin and proinflammatory cytokines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-019-0486-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Litvinova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Russian Federation, Kaliningrad, Gaidara 6 st, Russia
| | - Pavel Zatolokin
- Department of Reconstructive and Endoscopic Surgery, Kaliningrad Regional Hospital, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Maria Vulf
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Russian Federation, Kaliningrad, Gaidara 6 st, Russia
| | - Ilia Mazunin
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Russian Federation, Kaliningrad, Gaidara 6 st, Russia
| | - Daria Skuratovskaia
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Russian Federation, Kaliningrad, Gaidara 6 st, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lucero D, Sviridov D, Freeman L, López GI, Fassio E, Remaley AT, Schreier L. Increased cholesterol efflux capacity in metabolic syndrome: Relation with qualitative alterations in HDL and LCAT. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:236-42. [PMID: 26232163 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with changes in HDL levels, composition and sub-fraction profile. Whether these alterations affect HDL anti-atherogenic function, specifically measured as its capacity to perform cholesterol efflux, is not yet clearly known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relation between serum cholesterol efflux capacity and the changes in HDL composition and sub-fraction profile in MetS. METHODS In 35 non-treated MetS patients and 15 healthy controls, HDL mediated cholesterol efflux was measured as the ability of apoB-depleted serum to accept cholesterol from cholesterol-loaded BHK cells expressing either ABCA1 or ABCG1. Additionally we determined: lipid profile, HDL sub-fractions (NMR) and LCAT mass (ELISA). Isolated HDL (δ:1.063-1.210 g/mL) was chemically characterized. Pre-β1-HDL was determined by 2D-electrophoresis in a sub-group of MetS and controls (n = 6 each). RESULTS Surprisingly, MetS patients presented higher ABCA1 mediated cholesterol efflux (10.4 ± 1.8 vs. 8.7 ± 0.3%; p = 0.0001), without differences in ABCG1 efflux. In MetS, HDL showed reduction in particle size and number (p < 0.02) and lower large/small HDL ratio (p = 0.05), as well as triglyceride enrichment (p = 0.0001). Pre-β1-HDL was increased in MetS (p = 0.048) and correlated with ABCA1-cholesterol efflux (r = 0.64; p = 0.042). LCAT mass showed a tendency to reduction in MetS (p = 0.08), and inversely correlated with ABCA1-cholesterol efflux (r = -0.51; p = 0.001), independently of obesity and insulin-resistance (β = -0.40, p = 0.034). CONCLUSION This is the first description of ABCA1 mediated cholesterol efflux in MetS. Regardless the reduced HDL-cholesterol, in vitro cholesterol efflux capacity by ABCA1 was enhanced, linked to increased pre-β1-HDL and slightly reduced in LCAT mass that would probably reflect a delay in reverse cholesterol transport occurring in MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lucero
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina; Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | | | - Lita Freeman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Graciela I López
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Fassio
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital "Prof. A. Posadas", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura Schreier
- Laboratory of Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, INFIBIOC, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Turan C, Kesebir S, Süner O. Are ICAM, VCAM and E-selectin levels different in first manic episode and subsequent remission? J Affect Disord 2014; 163:76-80. [PMID: 24836091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In bipolar patients, the rate of mortality from cardiovascular diseases is two-fold higher than that in other psychiatric disorders. The risk of cardiovascular diseases was found to be associated with some cellular adhesion molecules: Intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and E-selectin. The aim of this study was to compare ICAM, VCAM and E-selectin levels at first manic episode and subsequent remission period, and to investigate the presence of a relationship between adhesion molecules levels and clinical and metabolic variables. METHODS In line with this purpose, 50 patients diagnosed with mania according to DSM IV-TR criteria, who had their first episode were evaluated consecutively. The control group consisted of 50 healthy individuals without any history of psychiatric admission and treatment, matched with the manic patients in terms of age, gender, BMI and smoking status. For the confirmation of subsequent remission period (n=40), Young Mania Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were used. In three groups plasma ICAM, VCAM and E-selectin, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured and compared. RESULTS ICAM and VCAM levels were found to be higher in first manic episode than those in subsequent remission and healthy individuals. A weak correlation was found between ICAM levels and YMRS scores in manic patients. In first manic episode, a weak correlation was found between ICAM and total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels and a weak correlation was found between ICAM, VCAM and E-selectin levels and BMI. CONCLUSION In the present study, which is the first investigation of proinflammatory and prothrombotic state, which is defined as a risk for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, in bipolar disorder, ICAM and VCAM levels were found to be higher in first episode mania than those in subsequent remission and healthy individuals. As the study group included first episode mani cases, there was no effect of chronic psychotropic use. Probable risk of cardiovascular disease, reflected by increased ICAM and VCAM levels is already present in bipolar patients at the onset of the disease. In addition, ICAM and VCAM levels increasing in manic episode, return to normal in the subsequent remission period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cetin Turan
- Erenköy Mental and Neurological Disease Training and Research Hospital, Sinan Ercan C. N: 29 Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sermin Kesebir
- Erenköy Mental and Neurological Disease Training and Research Hospital, Sinan Ercan C. N: 29 Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ozgür Süner
- Erenköy Mental and Neurological Disease Training and Research Hospital, Sinan Ercan C. N: 29 Kadıköy, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Soehnlein O, Swirski FK. Hypercholesterolemia links hematopoiesis with atherosclerosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:129-36. [PMID: 23228326 PMCID: PMC4302393 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterized by the progressive accumulation of lipids and leukocytes in the arterial wall. Leukocytes such as macrophages accumulate oxidized lipoproteins in the growing atheromata and give rise to foam cells, which can then contribute to the necrotic core of lesions. Lipids and leukocytes also interact in other important ways. In experimental models, systemic hypercholesterolemia is associated with severe neutrophilia and monocytosis. Recent evidence indicates that cholesterol-sensing pathways control the proliferation of hematopoietic stem-cell progenitors. Here we review some of the studies that are forging this particular link between metabolism and inflammation, and propose several strategies that could target this axis for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Soehnlein
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gómez Rosso L, Meroño T, Giunta G, Boero L, Schreier L, Cuniberti L, Brites F. Atherogenic alterations in hypertriglyceridemic patients would not depend on insulin resistance. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:620-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Muzzio ML, Miksztowicz V, Repetto EM, Brites F, Berg G, Schreier L. Increased MMP-2 in healthy postmenopausal women. Ann Clin Biochem 2011; 49:75-9. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2011.011041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) are involved in the atherosclerosis process. The objective of the study was to evaluate MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities and other circulating inflammatory factors in healthy postmenopausal women (PMW) as a model of subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods Twenty-three PMW and 13 premenopausal women (PreMW) were selected following established criteria. The main measurements in plasma samples were: lipid–lipoprotein profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (immunoturbidimetry), soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and MMP activity by zymography. Results The relative areas of MMP-2 were increased in PMW: 1.1 (0.1) versus 0.6 (0.05), P < 0.02. MMP-9 was only detected in three PMW and one PreMW. MMP-2 correlated with HDL-cholesterol ( r = −0.51), triglycerides ( r = 0.67), apolipoprotein B ( r = 0.47), hs-CRP ( r = 0.42), homeostasis model assessment ( r = 0.53) and waist circumference ( r = 0.40), at least P < 0.02. sVCAM-1 showed no difference between groups: 28.7 (5.5) versus 35.5 (20) ng/mL, but correlated with MMP-2 and hs-CRP ( r = 0.46 and r = 0.48 respectively, P < 0.05). Conclusions In postmenopause, the increase in MMP-2 reflects the systemic specific inflammatory process that accompanies atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Luz Muzzio
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Veronica Miksztowicz
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Martín Repetto
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Schreier
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoproteins, Physiopathology and Clinical Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soehnlein O, Drechsler M, Hristov M, Weber C. Functional alterations of myeloid cell subsets in hyperlipidaemia: relevance for atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:4293-303. [PMID: 19900213 PMCID: PMC4515047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease wherein the infiltration of myeloid cells of the vessel wall is a hallmark event. Lymphocytes, platelets and endothelial cells stand out as prominent suspects being involved in atherosclerosis. However, recent advances suggest a crucial role for myeloid leucocytes, specifically monocyte subsets, neutrophils, dendritic cells and endothelial progenitor cells. These cell types are not just rapidly recruited or already reside in the vascular wall, but also initiate and perpetuate core mechanisms in plaque formation and destabilization. Hyperlipidaemia is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Herein, hyperlipidaemia skews myeloid cell haemostasis, phenotype and transcriptional regulation of pro-inflammatory factors ultimately promoting myeloid cell extravasation and atherosclerosis. We here review the role of myeloid cells in atherosclerosis as well as the effects of hyperlipidaemia on these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tan HW, Xing SS, Bi XP, Li L, Gong HP, Zhong M, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Felodipine attenuates vascular inflammation in a fructose-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome via the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:1051-9. [PMID: 18718174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased incidence of atherosclerosis. Clinical studies have shown that calcium channel blockers (CCB) inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We investigated the inhibitory effect of felodipine on adhesion molecular expression and macrophage infiltration in the aorta of high fructose-fed rats (FFR). METHODS Male Wistar rats were given 10% fructose in drinking water. After 32 weeks of high fructose feeding, they were treated with felodipine (5 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 6 weeks. The control rats were given a normal diet and water. The aortic expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the infiltration of macrophages were measured by real-time RT-PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. NF-kappaB activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS After 32 weeks of high fructose feeding, FFR displayed increased body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum insulin, and triglycerides when compared with the control rats. The aortic expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly increased in FFR than in the control rats and accompanied by the increased activity of NF-kappaB. FFR also showed significantly increased CD68- positive macrophages in the aortic wall. After treatment with felodipine, SBP, serum insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment decreased significantly. In addition to reducing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, felodipine decreased macrophages in the aortic wall. EMSA revealed that felodipine inhibited NF-kappaB activation in FFR. CONCLUSION Felodipine inhibited vessel wall inflammation. The inhibition of NF-kappaB may be involved in the modulation of vascular inflammatory response by CCB in metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-wei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Ji-nan 250012, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|