1
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Wang C, Han L, Wang T, Wang Y, Liu J, Wang B, Xu CB. Cyclosporin A up-regulated thromboxane A 2 receptor through activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways in rat mesenteric artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175034. [PMID: 35588871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant used in transplantation patients and inflammatory diseases. CsA-induced local vasoconstriction can lead to serious side effects including nephrotoxicity and hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Mesenteric artery rings of rats were cultured with CsA and specific inhibitors for mitogen-activating protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. A sensitive myograph recorded thromboxane (TP) receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Protein levels of key signaling molecules were assessed by Western blotting. The results show that CsA up-regulated the TP receptor expression with the enhanced vasoconstriction in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the blockage of MAPKs or NF-κB activation markedly attenuated CsA-enhanced vasoconstriction and the TP receptor protein expression. Rats subcutaneously injected with CsA for three weeks showed increased blood pressure in vivo and increased contractile responses to a TP agonist ex vivo. CsA also enhanced TP receptor, as well as p-ERK1/2, p-p38, p- IκBα, p-NF-κB P65 protein levels and decreased IκBα protein expression, demonstrating that CsA induced TP receptor enhanced-vasoconstriction via activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. In conclusion, CsA up-regulated the expression of TP receptors via activation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. The results may provide novel options for prevention of CsA-associated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
| | - Lihua Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Material Basis of Chinese Medicine of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Wang R, Wang J, Sun J, Yang K, Wang N, Qin B. PM 2.5 causes vascular hyperreactivity through the upregulation of the thromboxane A 2 receptor and activation of MAPK pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:33095-33105. [PMID: 35025049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major cardiovascular disease environmental risk factor. However, the underlying mechanism of action is not fully understood. Thromboxane is widely known as an important vasoconstrictor substance that binds to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) in arteries and is involved in various cardiovascular diseases. This study examined the effect of PM2.5 on thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) in the mesenteric arteries and the underlying intracellular signal mechanisms (by focusing on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway). Rat mesenteric artery segments were exposed to PM2.5 in the presence of MAPK pathway inhibitors. The contractile reactivity of mesenteric arteries was analyzed using wire myography. The mRNA and protein expression of TP receptor and MAPK pathway molecules were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. Mesenteric artery receptor localization was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that TP receptor-mediated maximum contraction response was achieved after exposing arteries to 1.0 μg/mL PM2.5 for 16 h (Emax: 228 ± 16% of K+). Moreover, inhibitor U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor), and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) depressed the increased TP receptor-mediated contractile responses (reduced rage were 17.9 ~ 59.6%). These inhibitors also decreased the increased mRNA expression and protein of the TP receptor induced by PM2.5 (reduced by more than 50% and 46%, respectively). The immunoreactivity of increased TP receptor expression was primarily localized in the cytoplasm. In addition, phosphorylation quantitative analysis showed that in the presence of MAPK inhibitors, the PM2.5-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK protein increased by more than 30.0 ~ 130.3%. These results suggest that PM2.5 upregulates the TP receptor of rat mesenteric arteries through activation of the ERK1/2, p38, and JNK MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xin Wang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Research Center for the Project of Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xin Wang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xin Wang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xin Wang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Yu Q, Li K, Zhao A, Wei M, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Lian T, Wang C, Xu L, Zhang Y, Xu C, Liu F. Sorafenib not only impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation but also promotes vasoconstriction through the upregulation of vasoconstrictive endothelin type B receptors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 414:115420. [PMID: 33503445 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As a VEGF-targeting agent, sorafenib has been used to treat a number of solid tumors but can easily lead to adverse vascular effects. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, rat mesenteric arteries were subjected to organ cultured in the presence of different concentrations of sorafenib (0, 3, 6 and 9 mg/L) with or without inhibitors (U0126, 10-5 M; SB203580, 10-5 M; SP200126, 10-5 M) of MAPK kinases, and then acetylcholine- or sodium nitroprusside-induced vasodilation and sarafotoxin 6c-induced vasoconstriction were monitored by a sensitive myograph. The NO synthetases, the nitrite levels, the endothelial marker CD31,the ETB and ETA receptors and the phosphorylation of MAPK kinases were studied. Next, rats were orally administrated by sorafenib for 4 weeks (7.5 and 15 mg/kg/day), and their blood pressure, plasma ET-1, the ETB and ETA receptors and the phosphorylation of MAPK kinases in the mesenteric arteries were investigated. The results showed that sorafenib impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation due to decreased NO levels and the low expression of eNOS and iNOS. Weak staining for CD31 indicated that sorafenib induced endothelial damage. Moreover, sorafenib caused the upregulation of vasoconstrictive ETB receptors, the enhancement of ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and the activation of JNK/MAPK. Blocking the JNK, ERK1/2 and p38/MAPK signaling pathways by using the inhibitors significantly abolished ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Furthermore, it was observed that the oral administration of sorafenib caused an increase in blood pressure and plasma ET-1, upregulation of the ETB receptor and the activation of JNK in the mesenteric arteries. In conclusion, sorafenib not only impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilatation but also enhances ETB receptor-mediated vasoconstriction, which may be the causal factors for hypertension and other adverse vascular effects in patients treated with sorafenib.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/toxicity
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/drug effects
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/metabolism
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/physiopathology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Endothelin B/genetics
- Receptor, Endothelin B/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sorafenib/toxicity
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Up-Regulation
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
| | - Kun Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Andong Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Mengqian Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhenhao Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China.
| | - Ting Lian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Li Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Cangbao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China; Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710010, China.
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4
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Simeone P, Boccatonda A, Liani R, Santilli F. Significance of urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B 2 in age-related diseases: Focus on atherothrombosis. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:51-78. [PMID: 30273676 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation plays a key role in atherogenesis and atherothrombosis. Biochemical evidence of increased platelet activation in vivo can be reliably obtained through non-invasive measurement of thromboxane metabolite (TXM) excretion. Persistent biosynthesis of TXA2 has been associated with several ageing-related diseases, including acute and chronic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, chronic inflammatory diseases. Given the systemic nature of TX excretion, involving predominantly platelet but also extraplatelet sources, urinary TXM may reflect either platelet cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)-dependent TX generation or COX-2-dependent biosynthesis by inflammatory cells and/or platelets, or a combination of the two, especially in clinical settings characterized by low-grade inflammation or enhanced platelet turnover. Although urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels are largely suppressed with low-dose aspirin, incomplete TXM suppression by aspirin predicts the future risk of vascular events and death in high-risk patients and may identify individuals who might benefit from treatments that more effectively block in vivo TX production or activity. Several disease-modifying agents, including lifestyle intervention, antidiabetic drugs and antiplatelet agents besides aspirin have been shown to reduce TX biosynthesis. Taken together, these aspects may contribute to the development of promising mechanism-based therapeutic strategies to reduce the progression of atherothrombosis. We intended to critically review current knowledge on both the pathophysiological significance of urinary TXM excretion in clinical settings related to ageing and atherothrombosis, as well as its prognostic value as a biomarker of vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Boccatonda
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Liani
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, and Center of Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CESI-Met), Via Luigi Polacchi, Chieti, Italy.
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5
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Praticò D. Prostanoids, Their Receptors, and Atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Edvinsson L, Xu CB. Apolipoprotein B of low-density lipoprotein impairs nitric oxide-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation in rat mesenteric arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 725:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Huang RY, Li MY, Ng CS, Wan IY, Kong AW, Du J, Long X, Underwood MJ, Mok TS, Chen GG. Thromboxane A2 receptor α promotes tumor growth through an autoregulatory feedback pathway. J Mol Cell Biol 2013; 5:380-90. [DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjt038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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8
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Minimally modified LDL upregulates endothelin type B receptors in rat coronary artery via ERK1/2 MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:582-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Activation of nuclear factor-κB pathway is responsible for tumor necrosis factor-α-induced up-regulation of endothelin B2 receptor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2012; 209:107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Li J, Cao YX, Liu Y, Xu CB. Minimally modified LDL upregulates endothelin type B receptors in rat basilar artery. Microvasc Res 2012; 83:178-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Huang RY, Chen GG. Cigarette smoking, cyclooxygenase-2 pathway and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1815:158-69. [PMID: 21147199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cyclooxygenase (COX) and its derived prostanoids, mainly including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), have well-known roles in cardiovascular disease and cancer, both of which are associated with cigarette smoking. This article is focused on the role of COX-2 pathway in smoke-related pathologies and cancer. Cigarette smoke exposure can induce COX-2 expression and activity, increase PGE2 and TxA2 release, and lead to an imbalance in PGI2 and TxA2 production in favor of the latter. It exerts pro-inflammatory effects in a PGE2-dependent manner, which contributes to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. TxA2 mediates other diverse biologic effects of cigarette smoking, such as platelet activation, cell contraction and angiogenesis, which may facilitate tumor growth and metastasis in smokers. Among cigarette smoke components, nicotine and its derived nitrosamines 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) are the most potent carcinogens. COX-2 and PGE2 have been shown to play a pivotal role in many cancers associated with cigarette smoking, including cancers of lung, gastric and bladder, while the information for the role of TxA2 and PGI2 in smoke-associated cancers is limited. Recent findings from our group have revealed how NNK influences the TxA2 to promote the tumor growth. Better understanding in the above areas may help to generate new therapeutic protocols or to optimize the existing treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Yue Huang
- Department of Surgery, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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12
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Xu CB, Lei Y, Chen Q, Pehrson C, Larsson L, Edvinsson L. Cigarette smoke extracts promote vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and enhances contractile responses in the vasculature and airway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:940-8. [PMID: 20618305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, the knowledge about how cigarette smoke induces damage to vasculature and airway is limited. The present study was designed to examine the effects of cigarette smoke particles extracted by heptane (heptane-soluble smoke particles, HSP), by water (water-soluble smoke particles, WSP) and by DMSO (DMSO-soluble smoke particles, DSP), which represent lipophilic, hydrophilic and ambiphoteric constituents from the cigarette smoke, respectively. Human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) proliferation was assessed in cell culture. Rat resistance artery and airway contractile responses to serotonin, U46619, phenylephrine, noradrenaline, acetylcholine, des-Arg⁹-bradykinin, bradykinin, sarafotoxin 6c and endothelin-1 were monitored by a sensitive myograph system. Immunocytochemistry and cell-based phosphoELISA assay were used to demonstrate activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). For the first time, our results demonstrate that although all the three extracts promote HASMC proliferation, the HSP and DSP effects occur earlier. HSP and DSP, but not WSP, increase the contractile responses to sarafotoxin 6c, U46619 or bradykinin in rat mesenteric artery and/or in bronchi. ERK1/2 is activated by HSP and DSP in HASMCs and inhibition of ERK1/2 abrogated the smoke extracts-induced HASMC proliferation, while blockage of nicotinic receptors had no effects, suggesting that the toxic effects of the smoke extracts occur via activation of intracellular ERK1/2 signalling, but not nicotinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang-Bao Xu
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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13
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Xie YH, Wang SW, Zhang Y, Edvinsson L, Xu CB. Up-regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors for endothelin and thromboxane by lipid-soluble smoke particles in renal artery of rat. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:803-12. [PMID: 20406207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) plays key roles in renal hypertension and cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. The present study was designed to examine if lipid-soluble cigarette smoking particles (DSP), nicotine and endotoxin (LPS), induce GPCR up-regulation for thromboxane A(2) (TP), endothelin type A (ET(A) ) and type B (ET(B) ) receptors in renal artery, and if intracellular signal mechanisms are involved. Renal artery segments of rats were exposed to DSP, nicotine or LPS, in organ culture for up to 24 hr. The GPCR-mediated contractions were recorded by using a myograph system. Expression of the GPCR was examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry at mRNA and protein levels. Sarafatoxin 6c (S6c, selective ET(B) receptor agonist), endothelin-1 (ET-1, non-selective ET(A) and ET(B) receptor agonist) and 9,11-Dideoxy-9a,11a-methanoepoxy prostaglandin F(2a) (U46619, a TP receptor agonist) induced contractions were significantly increased after the arterial segments exposed to DSP in a concentration-dependent (0.1-0.4 μl/ml) manner, and S6c also induced a time-dependent contraction, compared to control (dimethyl sulfoxide). This was in parallel with enhanced mRNA expression for ET(B) receptor but not ET(A) and TP receptors, while increased protein expression for ET(A) , ET(B) and TP receptors was seen. The specific nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway inhibitor BMS345541 was applied to link DSP effects to the GPCR up-regulation. It totally abolished ET(B) receptor up-regulation, but not ET(A) and TP receptor up-regulations. Our results suggest that DSP transcriptionally up-regulated ET(B) receptor expression in rat renal artery via NF-κB signal pathways, whereas up-regulation of ET(A) and TP receptor-mediated contraction may involve post-transcriptional mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lipids/chemistry
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Male
- Muscle Contraction
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- NF-kappa B/physiology
- Nicotine/toxicity
- Particulate Matter/adverse effects
- Particulate Matter/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Endothelin/agonists
- Receptors, Endothelin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Endothelin/genetics
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/agonists
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2/genetics
- Renal Artery/drug effects
- Renal Artery/physiology
- Smoke/adverse effects
- Solubility
- Nicotiana
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-hua Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Xu CB, Sun Y, Edvinsson L. Cardiovascular risk factors regulate the expression of vascular endothelin receptors. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 127:148-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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NF-kappaB signaling mediates vascular smooth muscle endothelin type B receptor expression in resistance arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 637:148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic and progressive inflammatory vascular disease that is characterized by a complex interplay between some components of the bloodstream and the arterial wall. The lipid derivatives eicosanoids have been identified as important mediators that contribute to mechanisms of atherogenesis. Prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 are members of the eicosanoid family synthesized from arachidonic acid by the combined action of cyclooxygenases and prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 synthase. Thromboxane A2, a potent platelet activator and vasoconstrictor and prostacyclin, a platelet inhibitor and vasodilator, are the most important in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Several pro-atherogenic biological effects have also been attributed to isoprostanes, a class of eicosanoid isomers formed via a free radical-mediated oxidation of fatty acids esterified in membrane phospholipids. Both groups of lipids manifest their biological activities by binding to specific receptors in target cells. In this article, we will describe the biological roles of prostacyclin, thromboxane A2 and isoprostanes in atherogenesis and discuss the latest pharmacological studies assessing the therapeutic effects of drugs that specifically target their biosynthesis and/or biological activities on vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Praticò
- Temple University, Department of Pharmacology, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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17
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Vikman P, Xu CB, Edvinsson L. Lipid-soluble cigarette smoking particles induce expression of inflammatory and extracellular-matrix-related genes in rat cerebral arteries. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009; 5:333-41. [PMID: 19436652 PMCID: PMC2672441 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cigarette smoking is one of the strongest risk factors for stroke. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that smoke leads to the pathogenesis of stroke are incompletely understood. METHODS Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-soluble (lipid-soluble) cigarette smoking particles (DSP) were extracted from cigarette smoke (0.8 mg nicotine per cigarette; Marlboro). Rat cerebral arteries were isolated and organ cultured in the presence of DSP (0.2 microl/ml, equivalent to the plasma level in smokers) for 24 h. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 (MMP9 and MMP13), angiotensin receptor 1 and 2 (AT(1) and AT(2)), interleukin 6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were investigated at mRNA level by real-time PCR and/or at protein level by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the activity of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38, ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK) and their downstream transcription factors (ATF-2, Elk-1 and c-Jun) were examined. RESULTS We observed that compared with control (DMSO-treated cerebral arteries), the cerebral arteries treated by DSP exhibited enhanced expression of MMP13 and AT(1) receptors, but not of AT(2) receptors, at both mRNA and protein levels, suggesting that a transcriptional mechanism is most likely involved in the DSP effects. This is further supported by the findings that DSP induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases inflammatory signal protein in parallel with activation of its downstream transcription factor ATF-2 and Elk-1. However, ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK activities were markedly expressed in the control (organ culture per se with DMSO), and DSP failed to further enhance the activation of ERK 1/2 and SAPK/JNK in the cerebral arteries. CONCLUSIONS DSP induces cerebral vessel inflammation with activation of p38 MAPK inflammatory signal and the downstream transcriptional factors (ATF-2 and Elk-1) in parallel with enhanced extracellular-matrix-related gene transcription and increased AT(1) receptor expression in the cerebral arteries, which are key events in stroke pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Vikman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Experimental Vascular Research, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Experimental Vascular Research, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Experimental Vascular Research, Lund, Sweden
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Calapai G, Caputi AP, Mannucci C, Russo GA, Gregg E, Puntoni R, Lowe F, McEwan M, Bassi A, Morandi S, Nunziata A. Cardiovascular biomarkers in groups of established smokers after a decade of smoking. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 104:322-8. [PMID: 19175368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate tools for evaluation of smoking-associated disease initiation and progression, we examined basic clinical parameters and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, in a group of healthy volunteers with an average 10-year smoking history. A small cross-sectional study of never-smokers, moderate smokers and smokers was performed. Caucasians were recruited to match pre-defined cigarette tar yields and cigarettes smoked per day. For haematological parameters, significant differences between never-smokers and all female smokers combined were seen for haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, total leucocyte count, neutrophil count and lymphocyte count. For all male smokers combined, only total leucocyte count was statistically different. Analysis of exhaled CO and other smoke exposure biomarker (nicotine and its metabolites) data showed a statistically significant increase in all groups of smokers with a trend related to the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Thromboxane urinary metabolites 11-dehydro-thromboxane B(2) and 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B(2) were statistically significantly elevated in smokers. Significant statistical differences between smokers with approximately 10 years of smoking history and non-smokers in white cells count, hemoglobin and thromboxane turnover were seen, although they did not reach levels associated with overt diseases. These data could provide insight into early biomarkers predictive of risk for coronary and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Prostanoid and isoprostanoid pathways in atherogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2008; 201:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Xu CB, Zheng JP, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Edvinsson L. Lipid-soluble smoke particles upregulate vascular smooth muscle ETB receptors via activation of mitogen-activating protein kinases and NF-kappaB pathways. Toxicol Sci 2008; 106:546-55. [PMID: 18718921 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that lead to cigarette smoke-associated cardiovascular disease remain elusive. With functional and molecular methods, we demonstrate for the first time that lipid-soluble cigarette smoke particles (dimethylsulfoxide-soluble cigarette smoke particles; DSP) increased the expression of endothelin type B (ET(B)) receptors in arterial smooth muscle cells. The increased ET(B) receptors in arterial smooth muscle cells was documented as enhanced contractility (sensitive myograph technique), elevated levels of ET(B) receptor mRNA (quantitative real-time PCR), and protein expressions (immunohistochemistry and Western blotting). Intracellular signaling was studied with Western blotting and phosphoELISA; this revealed that DSP induced extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), p38, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) phosphorylation within 3 h. Blocking ERK1/2, p38, or NF-kappaB activation by their specific inhibitors significantly attenuated the DSP-induced upregulation of ET(B) receptor-mediated contraction and both ET(B) receptor mRNA and protein expression. In addition, dexamethasone abolished the DSP-induced upregulation of ET(B) receptor-mediated contraction. In conclusion, upregulation of ET(B) receptors by DSP in arterial smooth muscle cells involves activation of mitogen-activating protein kinases (ERK1/2 and p38) and the downstream transcriptional factor NF-kappaB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang-Bao Xu
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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