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Salazar J, Morillo V, Suárez MK, Castro A, Ramírez P, Rojas M, Añez R, D’Marco L, Chacín-González M, Bermudez V. Role of Gut Microbiome in Atherosclerosis: Molecular and Therapeutic Aspects. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e020223213408. [PMID: 36733248 PMCID: PMC10494273 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230202164524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most relevant and prevalent cardiovascular diseases of our time. It is one of the pathological entities that increases the morbidity and mortality index in the adult population. Pathophysiological connections have been observed between atherosclerosis and the gut microbiome (GM), represented by a group of microorganisms that are present in the gut. These microorganisms are vital for metabolic homeostasis in humans. Recently, direct and indirect mechanisms through which GM can affect the development of atherosclerosis have been studied. This has led to research into the possible modulation of GM and metabolites as a new target in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. The goal of this review is to analyze the physiopathological mechanisms linking GM and atherosclerosis that have been described so far. We also aim to summarize the recent studies that propose GM as a potential target in atherosclerosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Valery Morillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María K Suárez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ana Castro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Paola Ramírez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Roberto Añez
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - Luis D’Marco
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, 46115, Spain
| | | | - Valmore Bermudez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Coppola S, Avagliano C, Calignano A, Berni Canani R. The Protective Role of Butyrate against Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030682. [PMID: 33525625 PMCID: PMC7865491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide obesity is a public health concern that has reached pandemic levels. Obesity is the major predisposing factor to comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The common forms of obesity are multifactorial and derive from a complex interplay of environmental changes and the individual genetic predisposition. Increasing evidence suggest a pivotal role played by alterations of gut microbiota (GM) that could represent the causative link between environmental factors and onset of obesity. The beneficial effects of GM are mainly mediated by the secretion of various metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate are small organic metabolites produced by fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch with vast beneficial effects in energy metabolism, intestinal homeostasis and immune responses regulation. An aberrant production of SCFAs has emerged in obesity and metabolic diseases. Among SCFAs, butyrate emerged because it might have a potential in alleviating obesity and related comorbidities. Here we reviewed the preclinical and clinical data that contribute to explain the role of butyrate in this context, highlighting its crucial contribute in the diet-GM-host health axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- ImmunoNutriton Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- ImmunoNutriton Lab at CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7462680
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Gao Q, Wei A, Chen F, Chen X, Ding W, Ding Z, Wu Z, Du R, Cao W. Enhancing PPARγ by HDAC inhibition reduces foam cell formation and atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient mice. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105059. [PMID: 32621955 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a risky cardiovascular disease with limited treatment options. Various pan or type-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are reportedly atheroprotective against atherosclerosis (AS); however, the key effectors and the main cellular processes that mediate the protective effects remain poorly defined. Here, we report that PPARγ (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), a transcription factor actively involved in lipid metabolism with strong tissue protective and anti-inflammation properties, is a critical mediator of the anti-AS effects by HDAC inhibition. We showed that a well-known pan-HDAC inhibitor TSA (Trichostatin A) reduced foam cell formation of macrophages that is accompanied by a marked elevation of PPARγ and its downstream cholesterol efflux transporter ABCA1 (ATP-binding membrane cassette transport protein A1) and ABCG1. In an AS model of ApoE-/- mice fed on high-fat diet, TSA treatment alleviated AS lesions, similarly increased PPARγ and the downstream cholesterol transporters and mitigated the induction of inflammatory cytokine TNFα and IL-1β. Exploring the potential cause of PPARγ elevation revealed that TSA induced the acetylation of C/EBPα (CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha), the upstream regulator of PPARγ, through which it increased PPARγ transactivation. More importantly, we generated a strain of PPARγ/ApoE double knockout mice and demonstrated that lack of PPARγ abrogated the protective effects of TSA on foam cell formation of peritoneal macrophages and the AS pathogenesis. Taken together, these results unravel that C/EBPα and PPARγ are the HDAC-sensitive components of an epigenetic signaling pathway mediating foam cell formation and AS development, and suggest that targeting C/EBPα/PPARγ axis by HDAC inhibitors possesses therapeutic potentials in retarding the progression of AS and the related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ai Wei
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xingren Chen
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhiquan Ding
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ronghui Du
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Wangsen Cao
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Du Y, Li X, Su C, Xi M, Zhang X, Jiang Z, Wang L, Hong B. Butyrate protects against high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis via up-regulating ABCA1 expression in apolipoprotein E-deficiency mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1754-1772. [PMID: 31769014 PMCID: PMC7070171 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The gut microbial metabolite butyrate is linked to the modulation of metabolic disease. The mechanism by which butyrate effects in atherosclerosis is unknown. Hence, the present investigation into effects of butyrate on high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice after 16 weeks' administration. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gut microbiota composition was analysed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of caecal contents. The effects of butyrate on atherosclerosis were evaluated in vivo using the ApoE-/- mice model. Serum lipids and glucose were analysed for physiological changes and differentially expressed genes in liver samples were identified by hepatic transcriptome profiling. The proteins involved in reverse cholesterol transport were quantified by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Finally, the up-regulatory effects of butyrate on ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 (ABCA1) were further evaluated in RAW 264.7 cells along with role of specificity protein 1 by inhibition and silencing. KEY RESULTS Oral gavage of butyrate altered microbiota composition and enhanced gut microbial diversity that was decreased by high fat diet (HFD). Butyrate treatment significantly inhibited the HFD-induced atherosclerosis as well as hepatic steatosis without changing body weight gain in ApoE-/- mice. Butyrate had metabolic effects on the liver by regulation of gene expression involved in lipid/glucose metabolism. Furthermore, ABCA1 was significantly induced by butyrate in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro and Sp1 pathway was identified as a potential mechanism. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Butyrate ameliorates HFD-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice via ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages, which suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for protecting against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xingxing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chunyan Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Mei Xi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhibo Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Li Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Bin Hong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Jia XJ, Du Y, Jiang HJ, Li YZ, Xu YN, Si SY, Wang L, Hong B. Identification of Novel Compounds Enhancing SR-BI mRNA Stability through High-Throughput Screening. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:397-408. [PMID: 31858876 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219894543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of most cardiovascular diseases. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a main mechanism of cholesterol homeostasis and involves the direct transport of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl ester by selective cholesterol uptake. Hepatic scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SR-BI) overexpression can effectively promote RCT and reduce atherosclerosis. SR-BI may be an important target for prevention or treatment of atherosclerotic disease. In our study, we inserted human SR-BI mRNA 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) downstream of the luciferase reporter gene, to establish a high-throughput screening model based on stably transfected HepG2 cells and to screen small-molecule compounds that can significantly enhance the mRNA stability of the SR-BI gene. Through multiple screenings of 25 755 compounds, the top five active compounds that have similar structures were obtained, with a positive rate of 0.19%. The five positive compounds could enhance the SR-BI expression and uptake of DiI-HDL in the hepatocyte HepG2. E238B-63 could also effectively extend the half-life of SR-BI mRNA and enhance the SR-BI mRNA and protein level and the uptake of DiI-HDL in hepatocytes in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. The structure-activity relationship analysis showed that the structure N-(3-hydroxy-2-pyridyl) carboxamide is possibly the key pharmacophore of the active compound, providing reference for acquiring candidate compounds with better activity. The positive small molecular compounds obtained in this study might become new drug candidates or lead compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and contribute to the further study of the posttranscriptional regulation mechanism of the SR-BI gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Jia
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, PR China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hua-Jun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan-Ni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shu-Yi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bin Hong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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Xu S, Kamato D, Little PJ, Nakagawa S, Pelisek J, Jin ZG. Targeting epigenetics and non-coding RNAs in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 196:15-43. [PMID: 30439455 PMCID: PMC6450782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the principal cause of cardiovascular death worldwide, is a pathological disease characterized by fibro-proliferation, chronic inflammation, lipid accumulation, and immune disorder in the vessel wall. As the atheromatous plaques develop into advanced stage, the vulnerable plaques are prone to rupture, which causes acute cardiovascular events, including ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Emerging evidence has suggested that atherosclerosis is also an epigenetic disease with the interplay of multiple epigenetic mechanisms. The epigenetic basis of atherosclerosis has transformed our knowledge of epigenetics from an important biological phenomenon to a burgeoning field in cardiovascular research. Here, we provide a systematic and up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of three distinct but interrelated epigenetic processes (including DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and non-coding RNAs), in atherosclerotic plaque development and instability. Mechanistic and conceptual advances in understanding the biological roles of various epigenetic modifiers in regulating gene expression and functions of endothelial cells (vascular homeostasis, leukocyte adhesion, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and mechanotransduction), smooth muscle cells (proliferation, migration, inflammation, hypertrophy, and phenotypic switch), and macrophages (differentiation, inflammation, foam cell formation, and polarization) are discussed. The inherently dynamic nature and reversibility of epigenetic regulation, enables the possibility of epigenetic therapy by targeting epigenetic "writers", "readers", and "erasers". Several Food Drug Administration-approved small-molecule epigenetic drugs show promise in pre-clinical studies for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic implications and challenges for future research involving cardiovascular epigenetics, with an aim to provide a translational perspective for identifying novel biomarkers of atherosclerosis, and transforming precision cardiovascular research and disease therapy in modern era of epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12-jo Nishi 6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Cheng Z, Wen Y, Liang B, Chen S, Liu Y, Wang Z, Cheng J, Tang X, Xin H, Deng L. Gene expression profile-based drug screen identifies SAHA as a novel treatment for NAFLD. Mol Omics 2019; 15:50-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mo00214b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Cheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Yusong Wen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Bowen Liang
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Siyang Chen
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Yujun Liu
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Zang Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Cheng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
| | - Libin Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
- Nanchang
- P. R. China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University
- Nanchang
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Feng T, Liu P, Wang X, Luo J, Zuo X, Jiang X, Liu C, Li Y, Li N, Chen M, Zhu N, Han X, Liu C, Xu Y, Si S. SIRT1 activator E1231 protects from experimental atherosclerosis and lowers plasma cholesterol and triglycerides by enhancing ABCA1 expression. Atherosclerosis 2018; 274:172-181. [PMID: 29787963 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent protein deacetylase. Recent studies have demonstrated that enhancing SIRT1 expression or activity may modulate cholesterol and lipid metabolism. However, pharmacological and molecular regulators for SIRT1 are scarce. Here, we aimed to find novel small molecule modulators of SIRT1 to regulate cholesterol and lipid metabolism. METHODS A high-throughput screening assay was established to identify SIRT1 activators. Surface plasmon resonance and immunoprecipitation were performed to confirm the interaction of E1231 with SIRT1. Cholesterol assay was performed to demonstrate the in vitro effect of E1231. The in vivo effect of E1231 was evaluated in experimental models. RESULTS E1231, a piperazine 1,4-diamide compound, was identified as a SIRT1 activator with EC50 value of 0.83 μM. E1231 interacted with recombinant human SIRT1 protein and deacetylated liver X receptor-alpha (LXRα). E1231 increased ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression in RAW 264.7 cells dependent on SIRT1 and LXRα. E1231 promoted cholesterol efflux and inhibited lipid accumulation in RAW 264.7 cells via SIRT1 and ABCA1. In the golden hamster hyperlipidemia model, E1231 treatment decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both serum and the liver, while increased cholesterol content in feces. Moreover, E1231 increased ABCA1 and SIRT1 protein expression in the liver. In ApoE-/- mice, E1231 treatment reduced atherosclerotic plaque development compared with untreated ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel SIRT1 activator E1231 and elucidated its beneficial effects on lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Our study suggests that E1231 might be developed as a novel drug for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peng Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinque Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xuan Zuo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xinhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yongzhen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ni Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Minghua Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ningyu Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing, 100050, China.
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Yang F, Du Y, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Wang L, Hong B. Low-density lipoprotein upregulate SR-BI through Sp1 Ser702 phosphorylation in hepatic cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1861:1066-1075. [PMID: 27320013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) is one of the key proteins in the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), and its major function is to uptake high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol from plasma into liver cells. The regulation of SR-BI expression is important for controlling serum lipid content and reducing the risks of cardiovascular diseases. Here we found that SR-BI expression was significantly increased by LDL in vivo and in vitro, and the transcription factor specific protein 1 (Sp1) plays a critical role in this process. Results from co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that the activation of SR-BI was associated with Sp1-recruited protein complexes in the promoter region of SR-BI, where histone acetyltransferase p300 was recruited and histone deacetylase HDAC1 was dismissed. As a result, histone acetylation increased, leading to activation of SR-BI transcription. With further investigation, we found that LDL phosphorylated Sp1 through ERK1/2 pathway, which affected Sp1 protein complexes formation in SR-BI promoter. Using mass spectrometry and site directed mutagenesis, a new Sp1 phosphorylation site Ser702 was defined to be associated with Sp1-HDAC1 interaction and may be important in SR-BI activation, shedding light on the knowledge of delicate mechanism of hepatic HDL receptor SR-BI gene modulation by LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Bin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China.
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HepG2 cells biospecific extraction and HPLC-ESI-MS analysis for screening potential antiatherosclerotic active components in Bupeuri radix. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 121:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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microRNA-185 modulates low density lipoprotein receptor expression as a key posttranscriptional regulator. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:523-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Du Y, Wang L, Hong B. High-density lipoprotein-based drug discovery for treatment of atherosclerosis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:841-55. [PMID: 26022101 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1051963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although there has been great progress achieved by the use of intensive statin therapy, the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains high. This has initiated the search for novel high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-based therapeutics. Recent years have witnessed a shift from traditional raising HDL-C levels to enhancing HDL functionality, in which the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) has acquired much attention. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors describe the key factors involved in RCT process for potential drug targets to reduce the CVD risk. Furthermore, the review provides a summary of the effective screening methods that have been developed to target RCT and their applications. This review also introduces some new strategies currently being clinically developed, which have the potential to improve HDL function in the RCT process. EXPERT OPINION It is rational that the functionality of HDL is more important than the plasma HDL-C level in the evaluation of pharmacological treatment in atherosclerosis. HDL-based strategies designed to promote macrophage RCT are a major area of current drug discovery and development for atherosclerotic diseases. A better understanding of the functionality of HDL and its relationship with atherosclerosis will expand our knowledge of the role of HDL in lipid metabolism, holding promise for a future successful HDL-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , No.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050 , China
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13
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Chen MH, Wu YX, Xu YN, Liu P, Yu LY, Hong B, Jiang W, Si SY. A new trichostatin analog from Streptomyces sp. CPCC 203909. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:676-682. [PMID: 25977996 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1042372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new trichostatin analog (1) and two known analogs (2, 3) have been isolated from the rice fermentation of the Streptomyces sp. CPCC 203909. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The absolute configurations of 1 were assigned by Marfey's method, combined with comparing the NMR and circular dichroism spectroscopic data of 2 and 3. Compound 1 showed cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney 293 cell line with IC50 value of 39.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Chen
- a Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
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14
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Chen M, Wu Y, He Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Li D, Feng T, Yu L, Hong B, Jiang W, Si S. Identification of trichostatin derivatives from Streptomyces sp. CPCC 203909. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:562-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Kardassis D, Gafencu A, Zannis VI, Davalos A. Regulation of HDL genes: transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:113-179. [PMID: 25522987 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
HDL regulation is exerted at multiple levels including regulation at the level of transcription initiation by transcription factors and signal transduction cascades; regulation at the posttranscriptional level by microRNAs and other noncoding RNAs which bind to the coding or noncoding regions of HDL genes regulating mRNA stability and translation; as well as regulation at the posttranslational level by protein modifications, intracellular trafficking, and degradation. The above mechanisms have drastic effects on several HDL-mediated processes including HDL biogenesis, remodeling, cholesterol efflux and uptake, as well as atheroprotective functions on the cells of the arterial wall. The emphasis is on mechanisms that operate in physiologically relevant tissues such as the liver (which accounts for 80% of the total HDL-C levels in the plasma), the macrophages, the adrenals, and the endothelium. Transcription factors that have a significant impact on HDL regulation such as hormone nuclear receptors and hepatocyte nuclear factors are extensively discussed both in terms of gene promoter recognition and regulation but also in terms of their impact on plasma HDL levels as was revealed by knockout studies. Understanding the different modes of regulation of this complex lipoprotein may provide useful insights for the development of novel HDL-raising therapies that could be used to fight against atherosclerosis which is the underlying cause of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kardassis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece,
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16
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Zheng XX, Zhou T, Wang XA, Tong XH, Ding JW. Histone deacetylases and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 240:355-66. [PMID: 25875381 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most common pathological process that leads to cardiovascular diseases, a disease of large- and medium-sized arteries that is characterized by a formation of atherosclerotic plaques consisting of necrotic cores, calcified regions, accumulated modified lipids, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), endothelial cells, leukocytes, and foam cells. Recently, the question about how to suppress the occurrence of atherosclerosis and alleviate the progress of cardiovascular disease becomes the hot topic. Accumulating evidence suggests that histone deacetylases(HDACs) play crucial roles in arteriosclerosis. This review summarizes the effect of HDACs and HDAC inhibitors(HDACi) on the progress of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-xia Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin-An Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-hong Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-wang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China.
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17
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Smith JD. New role for histone deacetylase 9 in atherosclerosis and inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1798-9. [PMID: 25142878 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Smith
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic, OH.
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18
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Seo HH, Jeong JM. Inhibitory Effects of Complex of Mulberry Extract on Degenerative Arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7783/kjmcs.2014.22.4.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Wang L, Jia XJ, Jiang HJ, Du Y, Yang F, Si SY, Hong B. MicroRNAs 185, 96, and 223 repress selective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol uptake through posttranscriptional inhibition. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:1956-64. [PMID: 23459944 PMCID: PMC3647964 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01580-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) plays an important role in selective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) uptake, which is a pivotal step of reverse cholesterol transport. In this study, the potential involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in posttranscriptional regulation of hepatic SR-BI and selective HDL-C uptake was investigated. The level of SR-BI expression was repressed by miRNA 185 (miR-185), miR-96, and miR-223, while the uptake of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)-HDL was decreased by 31.9% (P < 0.001), 23.9% (P < 0.05), and 15.4% (P < 0.05), respectively, in HepG2 cells. The inhibition of these miRNAs by their anti-miRNAs had opposite effects in these hepatic cells. The critical effect of miR-185 was further validated by the loss of regulation in constructs with mutated miR-185 target sites. In addition, these miRNAs directly targeted the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of SR-BI with a coordinated effect. Interestingly, the decrease of miR-96 and miR-185 coincided with the increase of SR-BI in the livers of ApoE KO mice on a high-fat diet. These data suggest that miR-185, miR-96, and miR-223 may repress selective HDL-C uptake through the inhibition of SR-BI in human hepatic cells, implying a novel mode of regulation of hepatic SR-BI and an important role of miRNAs in modulating cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Bao Y, Wang L, Xu Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Si S, Cho S, Hong B. Salvianolic acid B inhibits macrophage uptake of modified low density lipoprotein (mLDL) in a scavenger receptor CD36-dependent manner. Atherosclerosis 2012; 223:152-9. [PMID: 22658257 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CD36, a class B scavenger receptor, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a host of vascular inflammatory diseases. Through a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for CD36 antagonist, we previously identified salvianolic acid B (SAB), a hydrophilic component derived from the herb Danshen, as a potential candidate. Danshen, the dried roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been widely used in China for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis-related disorders. Previous studies showed that SAB acted as an anti-oxidant by preventing lipid peroxidation and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) formation. The present study was to investigate the specificity and efficacy of SAB in the inhibition of CD36-mediated lipid uptake. SAB reduced modified LDL (mLDL) uptake in a dose-dependent manner in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells. In the CD36 silenced THP-1 cells, SAB had no effect in reducing mLDL uptake, whereas its overexpression in CHO cells reinstates the effect, indicating a specific involvement of SAB in antagonizing the CD36's function. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis revealed a direct binding of SAB to CD36 with a high affinity (K(D) = 3.74 μM), confirming physical interactions of SAB with the receptor. Additionally, SAB reduced oxLDL-induced CD36 gene expression in the cultured cell lines and primary macrophages. In ApoE KO mice fed a high fat diet, SAB reduced CD36 gene expression and lipid uptake in macrophages, showing its ability to antagonize CD36 pathways in vivo. These results demonstrate that SAB is an effective CD36 antagonist and suggest SAB as a potential anti-atherosclerotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics of Ministry of Health, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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21
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of hydroxamic acid derivatives as potential high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor CLA-1 up-regulating agents. Molecules 2011; 16:9178-93. [PMID: 22048700 PMCID: PMC6264451 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichostatin A (TSA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) were reported in our recent publication as novel human high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor CD36 and Lysosomal integral membrane protein-II Analogous-1 (CLA-1) up-regulators. As part of a broader effort to more fully explore the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of CLA-1 up-regulators, we synthesized a series of hydroxamic acid derivatives and evaluated their CLA-1 up-regulating activities in HepG2 cells. Some compounds exhibited over 10-fold up-regulation of CLA-1 expression in HepG2 cells at 10 μg/mL concentration. The compound 1g showed the best potency, with a lower EC50 than TSA (EC50 = 0.32 μM versus 1.2 μM). These compounds provide early new CLA-1 up-regulators with potential for treating atherosclerosis.
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Bao Y, Hong B, Si S. Identification of dehydroxytrichostatin A as a novel up-regulator of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Molecules 2011; 16:7183-98. [PMID: 21869747 PMCID: PMC6264683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates the cellular efflux of excess cholesterol and phospholipids to lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). ABCA1 plays an important role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis and reverse cholesterol transport. By using a cell-based screening model for the ABCA1 up-regulator and column chromatography, an active compound, 9179B, was isolated. Through analysis of its NMR data, 9179B was identified as dehydroxytrichostatin A. We found that 9179B increased the transcription of ABCA1 in a cell-based reporter assay, with an EC50 value of 2.65 μM. 9179B up-regulated ABCA1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in HepG2 and RAW264.7 cells. It also up-regulated the expression of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) as well as the uptake of DiI-HDL in RAW264.7 cells. This compound stimulated ApoA-I-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux from RAW 264.7 cells. We further found that 9179B was a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.08 μM. Reporter gene assays showed that the regulation of ABCA1 transcription by 9179B was mainly mediated by the −171/−75 bp promoter region. Together, our results indicate that 9179B is an ABCA1 up-regulator and dehydroxytrichostatin A may be a novel anti-atherogenic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Hong
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (S.S.); (B.H.); Tel.: +86-10-63180604 (S.S.); +86-10-63028003 (B.H.); Fax: +86-10-63180604 (S.S.); +861063017302 (B.H.)
| | - Shuyi Si
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (S.S.); (B.H.); Tel.: +86-10-63180604 (S.S.); +86-10-63028003 (B.H.); Fax: +86-10-63180604 (S.S.); +861063017302 (B.H.)
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23
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Mechanisms regulating hepatic SR-BI expression and their impact on HDL metabolism. Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yang Y, Wang L, Si S, Hong B. How can high-throughput screening deliver drugs to treat atherosclerosis? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:1175-88. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.529896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Stephen SL, Freestone K, Dunn S, Twigg MW, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Walker JH, Wheatcroft SB, Ponnambalam S. Scavenger receptors and their potential as therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Int J Hypertens 2010; 2010:646929. [PMID: 20981357 PMCID: PMC2958427 DOI: 10.4061/2010/646929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors act as membrane-bound and soluble proteins that bind to macromolecular complexes and pathogens. This diverse supergroup of proteins mediates binding to modified lipoprotein particles which regulate the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. In vascular tissues, scavenger receptors are implicated in regulating intracellular signaling, lipid accumulation, foam cell development, and cellular apoptosis or necrosis linked to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. One approach is using gene therapy to modulate scavenger receptor function in atherosclerosis. Ectopic expression of membrane-bound scavenger receptors using viral vectors can modify lipid profiles and reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis. Alternatively, expression of soluble scavenger receptors can also block plaque initiation and progression. Inhibition of scavenger receptor expression using a combined gene therapy and RNA interference strategy also holds promise for long-term therapy. Here we review our current understanding of the gene delivery by viral vectors to cells and tissues in gene therapy strategies and its application to the modulation of scavenger receptor function in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam L Stephen
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Yang Y, Jiang W, Wang L, Zhang ZB, Si SY, Hong B. Characterization of the Isoflavone Pratensein as a Novel Transcriptional Up-Regulator of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I in HepG2 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1289-94. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Zhong-Bing Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Shu-Yi Si
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Bin Hong
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
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