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Ito R, Manita D, Yanai H, Hirowatari Y. Measurement of cholesterol levels of lipoprotein subclasses in human serum using anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with a linear concentration gradient of sodium perchlorate. Ann Clin Biochem 2023; 60:374-385. [PMID: 37194115 DOI: 10.1177/00045632231179082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relationships between the subclasses of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have been studied, and using various methods, such as ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, and nuclear magnetic resonance, for analysing lipoprotein subclasses. We established a method for HDL and LDL subclasses using anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC) with a linear concentration gradient of sodium perchlorate (NaClO4). METHOD In the AEX-HPLC, the subclasses of HDL and LDL were separated, and detected using a post-column reactor with an enzymatic cholesterol reagent, that contained cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and peroxidase as major ingredients. LDL subclasses were divided based on the absolute value of first-derivative chromatogram. RESULT Three HDL subclasses, HDL-P1, HDL-P2, and HDL-P3, and three LDL subclasses, LDL-P1, LDL-P2, and LDL-P3, were separated by AEX-HPLC, and detected in order. The major components of HDL-P2 and HDL-P3 were HDL3 and HDL2, respectively. The linearity was determined for each lipoprotein subclass. The coefficients of variation of cholesterol concentration of the subclasses for within-day assay (n = 10) and between-day assay (n = 10) ranged between 3.08-8.94% and 4.52-9.97%, respectively. Cholesterol levels in HDL-P1 of diabetic patients were positively correlated with oxidized LDL levels (r = 0.409, p = 0.002). Moreover, cholesterol levels in LDL-P2 and LDL-P3 were positively correlated with oxidized LDL levels (r = 0.393, p = 0.004 and r = 0.561, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION AEX-HPLC may be highly suitable as an assay to clinically assess lipoprotein subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Ito
- Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Manita
- Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
- Bioscience Division, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Hirowatari
- Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
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2
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Farsang E, Guillarme D, Veuthey JL, Beck A, Lauber M, Schmudlach A, Fekete S. Coupling non-denaturing chromatography to mass spectrometry for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies and related products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Hirowatari Y, Yoshida H. Innovatively Established Analysis Method for Lipoprotein Profiles Based on High-Performance Anion-Exchange Liquid Chromatography. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:1027-1040. [PMID: 31548491 PMCID: PMC6927812 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Separation analysis of lipoprotein classes have various methods, including ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). All major lipoprotein classes can be separated via ultracentrifugation, but performing the analysis takes a long time. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in patient samples cannot be sufficiently separated via electrophoresis or GPC. Thus, we established a new method [anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC)] by using HPLC with an AEX column containing nonporous gel and an eluent containing chaotropic ions. AEX-HPLC can separate five lipoprotein fractions of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), LDL, IDL, VLDL, and others in human serum, which can be used in substitution for ultracentrifugation method. The method was also approved for clinical use in the public health-care insurance in Japan in 2014. Furthermore, we developed an additional method to measure cholesterol levels of the four leading lipoprotein fractions and two subsequent fractions (i.e., chylomicron and lipoprotein(a)). We evaluated the clinical usefulness of AEX-HPLC in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, and kidney disease and in healthy volunteers. Results indicate that the cholesterol levels in IDL and VLDL measured by AEX-HPLC may be useful risk markers of CHD or diabetes. Furthermore, we developed another new method for the determination of alpha-tocopherol (AT) in lipoprotein classes, and this method is composed of AEX-HPLC for the separation of lipoprotein classes and reverse-phase chromatography to separate AT in each lipoprotein class. The AT levels in LDL were significantly correlated with the lag time to copper ion-induced LDL oxidation, which is an index of oxidation resistance. The application of AEX-HPLC to measure various substances in lipoproteins will be clinically expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirowatari
- Laboratory Science, Department of Health Science, Saitama Prefectural University Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Abstract
Introduction: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are heterogeneous and their proteome is complex and distinct from HDL cholesterol. However, it is largely unknown whether HDL proteins are associated with cardiovascular protection. Areas covered: HDL isolation techniques and proteomic analyses are reviewed. A list of HDL proteins reported in 37 different studies was compiled and the effects of different isolation techniques on proteins attributed to HDL are discussed. Mass spectrometric techniques used for HDL analysis and the need for precise and robust methods for quantification of HDL proteins are discussed. Expert opinion: Proteins associated with HDL have the potential to be used as biomarkers and/or help to understand HDL functionality. To achieve this, large cohorts must be studied using precise quantification methods. Key factors in HDL proteome quantification are the isolation methodology and the mass spectrometry technique employed. Isolation methodology affects what proteins are identified in HDL and the specificity of association with HDL particles needs to be addressed. Shotgun proteomics yields imprecise quantification, but the majority of HDL studies relied on this approach. Few recent studies used targeted tandem mass spectrometry to quantify HDL proteins, and it is imperative that future studies focus on the application of these precise techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Eliza Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Tomáš Vaisar
- UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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5
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Carreras A, Pane LS, Nitsch R, Madeyski-Bengtson K, Porritt M, Akcakaya P, Taheri-Ghahfarokhi A, Ericson E, Bjursell M, Perez-Alcazar M, Seeliger F, Althage M, Knöll R, Hicks R, Mayr LM, Perkins R, Lindén D, Borén J, Bohlooly-Y M, Maresca M. In vivo genome and base editing of a human PCSK9 knock-in hypercholesterolemic mouse model. BMC Biol 2019; 17:4. [PMID: 30646909 PMCID: PMC6334452 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which regulates cholesterol homeostasis, has recently emerged as an approach to reduce cholesterol levels. The development of humanized animal models is an important step to validate and study human drug targets, and use of genome and base editing has been proposed as a mean to target disease alleles. Results To address the lack of validated models to test the safety and efficacy of techniques to target human PCSK9, we generated a liver-specific human PCSK9 knock-in mouse model (hPCSK9-KI). We showed that plasma concentrations of total cholesterol were higher in hPCSK9-KI than in wildtype mice and increased with age. Treatment with evolocumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets human PCSK9, reduced cholesterol levels in hPCSK9-KI but not in wildtype mice, showing that the hypercholesterolemic phenotype was driven by overexpression of human PCSK9. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing of human PCSK9 reduced plasma levels of human and not mouse PCSK9, and in parallel reduced plasma concentrations of total cholesterol; genome editing of mouse Pcsk9 did not reduce cholesterol levels. Base editing using a guide RNA that targeted human and mouse PCSK9 reduced plasma levels of human and mouse PCSK9 and total cholesterol. In our mouse model, base editing was more precise than genome editing, and no off-target editing nor chromosomal translocations were identified. Conclusions Here, we describe a humanized mouse model with liver-specific expression of human PCSK9 and a human-like hypercholesterolemia phenotype, and demonstrate that this mouse can be used to evaluate antibody and gene editing-based (genome and base editing) therapies to modulate the expression of human PCSK9 and reduce cholesterol levels. We predict that this mouse model will be used in the future to understand the efficacy and safety of novel therapeutic approaches for hypercholesterolemia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0624-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Carreras
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Present Address: Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luna Simona Pane
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roberto Nitsch
- Advanced Medicines Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katja Madeyski-Bengtson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michelle Porritt
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pinar Akcakaya
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amir Taheri-Ghahfarokhi
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elke Ericson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Bjursell
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marta Perez-Alcazar
- Pathology Science, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Seeliger
- Pathology Science, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Althage
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lorenz M Mayr
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Present Address: GE Healthcare Life Sciences, The Grove Centre, White Lion Road, Amersham, UK
| | - Rosie Perkins
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bohlooly-Y
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marcello Maresca
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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6
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Carreras A, Pane LS, Nitsch R, Madeyski-Bengtson K, Porritt M, Akcakaya P, Taheri-Ghahfarokhi A, Ericson E, Bjursell M, Perez-Alcazar M, Seeliger F, Althage M, Knöll R, Hicks R, Mayr LM, Perkins R, Lindén D, Borén J, Bohlooly-Y M, Maresca M. In vivo genome and base editing of a human PCSK9 knock-in hypercholesterolemic mouse model. BMC Biol 2019. [PMID: 30646909 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0624-2.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which regulates cholesterol homeostasis, has recently emerged as an approach to reduce cholesterol levels. The development of humanized animal models is an important step to validate and study human drug targets, and use of genome and base editing has been proposed as a mean to target disease alleles. RESULTS To address the lack of validated models to test the safety and efficacy of techniques to target human PCSK9, we generated a liver-specific human PCSK9 knock-in mouse model (hPCSK9-KI). We showed that plasma concentrations of total cholesterol were higher in hPCSK9-KI than in wildtype mice and increased with age. Treatment with evolocumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets human PCSK9, reduced cholesterol levels in hPCSK9-KI but not in wildtype mice, showing that the hypercholesterolemic phenotype was driven by overexpression of human PCSK9. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing of human PCSK9 reduced plasma levels of human and not mouse PCSK9, and in parallel reduced plasma concentrations of total cholesterol; genome editing of mouse Pcsk9 did not reduce cholesterol levels. Base editing using a guide RNA that targeted human and mouse PCSK9 reduced plasma levels of human and mouse PCSK9 and total cholesterol. In our mouse model, base editing was more precise than genome editing, and no off-target editing nor chromosomal translocations were identified. CONCLUSIONS Here, we describe a humanized mouse model with liver-specific expression of human PCSK9 and a human-like hypercholesterolemia phenotype, and demonstrate that this mouse can be used to evaluate antibody and gene editing-based (genome and base editing) therapies to modulate the expression of human PCSK9 and reduce cholesterol levels. We predict that this mouse model will be used in the future to understand the efficacy and safety of novel therapeutic approaches for hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Carreras
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Present Address: Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luna Simona Pane
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roberto Nitsch
- Advanced Medicines Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katja Madeyski-Bengtson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michelle Porritt
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pinar Akcakaya
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amir Taheri-Ghahfarokhi
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elke Ericson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Bjursell
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marta Perez-Alcazar
- Pathology Science, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Seeliger
- Pathology Science, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Althage
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ralph Knöll
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lorenz M Mayr
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Present Address: GE Healthcare Life Sciences, The Grove Centre, White Lion Road, Amersham, UK
| | - Rosie Perkins
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bohlooly-Y
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Marcello Maresca
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 43 183, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Okazaki M, Yamashita S. Recent Advances in Analytical Methods on Lipoprotein Subclasses: Calculation of Particle Numbers from Lipid Levels by Gel Permeation HPLC Using “Spherical Particle Model”. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:265-82. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Rinku General Medical Center
- Department of Community Medicine & Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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Homma K, Homma Y, Ozawa H, Shiina Y, Shibata T, Yoshida T, Hasegawa K, Kanda T, Tokuyama H, Wakino S, Hayashi K, Itoh H, Hori S. Comparison of the effects of low-dose rosuvastatin on plasma levels of cholesterol and oxidized low-density lipoprotein in 3 ultracentrifugally separated low-density lipoprotein subfractions. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 9:751-757. [PMID: 26687695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma-oxidized (ox) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is an atherogenic lipoprotein. The distribution of ox-LDL in plasma LDL subfractions and the effect of statins on this distribution have not been investigated in detail. OBJECTIVE We examined the distribution of cholesterol and ox-LDL in 3 ultracentrifugally separated plasma LDL subfractions and investigated the effects of a statin, rosuvastatin, on the levels of these lipoproteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one polygenic hypercholesterolemic subjects were included in this study. Levels of cholesterol and ox-LDL in 3 plasma LDL subfractions and plasma levels of remnant-like particle cholesterol, ox-LDL, and adiponectin were measured after 0, 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment with rosuvastatin. Sequential ultracentrifugation was performed to subfractionate plasma lipoproteins. RESULTS The mean daily dose of rosuvastatin over the 12 months of treatment was 2.9 ± 1.0 mg (mean ± standard deviation). The cholesterol subfraction distribution was 43 ± 10% as low-density LDL, 46 ± 8% as medium-density LDL, and 13 ± 5% as high-density LDL. Similarly, the distribution of ox-LDL was 31 ± 10% as low-density LDL, 48 ± 7% as medium-density LDL, and 22 ± 8% as high-density LDL. After 12 months of treatment with rosuvastatin, the level of cholesterol was significantly reduced in all 3 subfractions (P < .0001), as was the level of ox-LDL (P < .0001). Furthermore, the plasma cholesterol level in high-density lipoprotein2 increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of ox-LDL in plasma LDL subfractions was more skewed toward the denser subfractions, compared with cholesterol. Rosuvastatin treatment significantly reduced plasma levels of cholesterol and ox-LDL in all LDL subfractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Homma
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Homma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiratsuka Lifestyle-Related Diseases and Hemodialysis Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Hideki Ozawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shiina
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Takeo Shibata
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hasegawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Tokuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Wakino
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Hori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hsieh JY, Chang CT, Huang MT, Chang CM, Chen CY, Shen MY, Liao HY, Wang GJ, Chen CH, Chen CJ, Yang CY. Biochemical and functional characterization of charge-defined subfractions of high-density lipoprotein from normal adults. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11440-11448. [PMID: 24171625 PMCID: PMC3919464 DOI: 10.1021/ac402516u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is regarded as atheroprotective because it provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits and plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. In this paper, we outline a novel methodology for studying the heterogeneity of HDL. Using anion-exchange chromatography, we separated HDL from 6 healthy individuals into five subfractions (H1 through H5) with increasing charge and evaluated the composition and biologic activities of each subfraction. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that apolipoprotein (apo) AI and apoAII were present in all 5 subfractions; apoCI was present only in H1, and apoCIII and apoE were most abundantly present in H4 and H5. HDL-associated antioxidant enzymes such as lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, and paraoxonase 1 were most abundant in H4 and H5. Lipoprotein isoforms were analyzed in each subfraction by using matrix-assisted laser desorption-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To quantify other proteins in the HDL subfractions, we used the isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantitation approach followed by nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Most antioxidant proteins detected were found in H4 and H5. The ability of each subfraction to induce cholesterol efflux from macrophages increased with increasing HDL electronegativity, with the exception of H5, which promoted the least efflux activity. In conclusion, anion-exchange chromatography is an attractive method for separating HDL into subfractions with distinct lipoprotein compositions and biologic activities. By comparing the properties of these subfractions, it may be possible to uncover HDL-specific proteins that play a role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yi Hsieh
- L5 Research Center, Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, North District, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chiz-Tzung Chang
- L5 Research Center, Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, North District, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Max T. Huang
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Lipoprotein Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- L5 Research Center, Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, North District, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Chen
- L5 Research Center, Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, North District, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Shen
- L5 Research Center, Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, North District, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Liao
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Guei-Jane Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- L5 Research Center, Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, North District, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Lipoprotein Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Lipoprotein Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuh Yang
- L5 Research Center, Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, North District, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
- Section of Atherosclerosis and Lipoprotein Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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10
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Hirowatari Y, Homma Y, Yoshizawa J, Homma K. Increase of electronegative-LDL-fraction ratio and IDL-cholesterol in chronic kidney disease patients with hemodialysis treatment. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:111. [PMID: 22962943 PMCID: PMC3539864 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that the increased level of IDL and oxidized LDL are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, and the lipoprotein abnormalities accelerate atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease patients with hemodialysis treatment (HD-Ps). Therefore, the estimation of lipoprotein profiles is important for prevention of cardiovascular disease in HD-Ps. We previously established an anion-exchange chromatographic method for measurement of cholesterol level in subclasses of HDL and LDL, IDL, VLDL, and chylomicron. An electronegative-LDL-fraction contained minimally oxidized-LDL. Lipoprotein profile can be accurately and conveniently determined by the new method. Finding In this study, lipoprotein profiles in HD-Ps and age-matched healthy subjects were estimated by using our established anion-exchange chromatographic method. The ratio of electronegative-LDL-cholesterol to total LDL-cholesterol and IDL-cholesterol in HD-Ps were significant higher than those in healthy subjects. Conclusions The results suggest that the ratio of electronegative-LDL-cholesterol to total LDL-cholesterol and IDL-cholesterol obtained by the new method may serve as useful markers for risk of cardiovascular disease in HD-Ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirowatari
- Bioscience Division, Tosoh Corporation, 2743-1 Hayakawa Ayase-shi, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Sánchez-Quesada JL, Estruch M, Benítez S, Ordóñez-Llanos J. Electronegative LDL: a useful biomarker of cardiovascular risk? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hirowatari Y, Kon M, Shimura Y, Hirayama S, Miida T. Anion-exchange HPLC separation of five major rabbit lipoproteins using a nonporous diethylaminoethyl-ligated gel with a perchlorate-containing eluent. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:434-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hirowatari
- Bioscience Division; Tosoh Corporation; 2743-1 Hayakawa Ayase-shi; Kanagawa; 252-1123; Japan
| | - Mika Kon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine; 2-1-1 Hongo Bnkyo-ku; Tokyo; 113-8421; Japan
| | - Yuko Shimura
- Bioscience Division; Tosoh Corporation; 2743-1 Hayakawa Ayase-shi; Kanagawa; 252-1123; Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine; 2-1-1 Hongo Bnkyo-ku; Tokyo; 113-8421; Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine; Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine; 2-1-1 Hongo Bnkyo-ku; Tokyo; 113-8421; Japan
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Zelzer S, Fuchs N, Almer G, Raggam RB, Prüller F, Truschnig-Wilders M, Schnedl W, Horejsi R, Möller R, Weghuber D, Ille R, Mangge H. High density lipoprotein cholesterol level is a robust predictor of lipid peroxidation irrespective of gender, age, obesity, and inflammatory or metabolic biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1345-9. [PMID: 21515245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity related dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress were associated with atherosclerotic sequels. We analysed oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) plasma levels of 797 participants of the STyrian Juvenile OBesity (STYJOBS) / Early DEteCTion of Atherosclerosis (EDECTA) Study cohort aged from 5 to 50 years. The rationale of STYJOBS/EDECTA is to investigate the preclinical phase of obesity by a well defined cohort of young and middle aged overweight/obese and normal weight subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma oxLDL was analysed by ELISA (Mercodia, Sweden). In the overweight/obese (OW/OB) study group, oxLDL levels were significantly increased compared to normal weighted controls (p<0.001). Probands with metabolic syndrome (MS) had significantly higher oxLDL levels than probands without MS; between overweight and obese participants, and between females and males, no significant difference was seen. In a multiple stepwise regression analysis including all study subjects, age, gender, anthropometric data, presence of metabolic syndrome, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, carotis communis intima media thickness, lipids, adipokines, metabolic, and inflammatory biomarkers, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) and increased total cholesterol were the best predictors for increased oxLDL levels. CONCLUSION Decreased HDL-cholesterol is an important determinant of lipid peroxidation irrespective of obesity, age, gender, SAT distribution, and inflammatory/metabolic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieglinde Zelzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Kitano S, Higashimoto Y, Harada S, Sano M, Kurata T, Yamaguchi Y, Kunitomo M, Haginaka J, Yamagishi SI. An improved anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography method for measuring oxidized form of LDLs in human plasma. Ann Clin Biochem 2010; 47:460-6. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2010.010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Circulating oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) (ox-LDLs) could be a sensitive marker to predict future cardiovascular events. However, a method to evaluate oxidized forms of LDLs systemically in human plasma is not yet established. In this study, we developed a novel and convenient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for measuring ox-LDL levels in humans. Methods Human plasma lipoproteins were separated by a modified HPLC method using a diethylaminoethyl-type anion-exchange gel column with stepwise elution. Ox-LDLs were detected by postcolumn reaction with a regent containing cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase. Particle size of each LDL fraction separated by HPLC was determined in 61 healthy subjects. Results Our HPLC method separated LDLs into three fractions, which were designated as LDL-1, LDL-2 and LDL-3, on the basis of their negative charges, with LDL-3 the most strongly retained fraction migrating fastest in the anodic direction, a property that reflects the net negative charge of the molecule. Western blot analysis revealed that apolipoprotein B100 in LDL-3 fraction was the most fragmented and oxidatively modified. When LDLs were oxidized in vitro by Cu2+ or 2,2-azo-bis (2-aminopropane)-2HCl or modified by various aldehydes, all of the LDL fractions migrated at the position of LDL-3. Further, among three fractions, particle size was smallest in LDL-3 fraction. Conclusion Here, we developed a convenient HPLC method and identified LDL-3 as oxidized LDL fractions, although ox-LDLs were present in LDL-2 fraction, albeit lesser concentrations than in LDL-3 subfraction. Measuring ox-LDL levels in human plasma by this method may be useful to evaluate atherosclerotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masaru Sano
- Performance Products Segments, Specialty Chemicals Research Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa
| | - Tsunehiko Kurata
- Performance Products Segments, Specialty Chemicals Research Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa
| | | | | | - Jun Haginaka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo
| | - Sho-ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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