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Tezcan D, Eryavuz Onmaz D, Körez MK, Limon M, Gülcemal S, Yılmaz S, Sivrikaya A. The role of fatty acids in patients with Behçet's disease and their association with thrombosis. Lipids 2024. [PMID: 38742533 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic disease with unknown etiopathogenesis and varying disease presentations. Fatty acids (FA) are essential biological compounds that are involved in complex metabolic pathways. They may contribute to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction by participating in many signaling pathways. Increased FAs levels are associated with an increased risk for various diseases. This study aimed to determine the relationship between FA, BD, and thrombotic complications. A total of 97 patients were recruited from the rheumatology department of a single center as a case-control study. The participants were divided into three groups: 36 patients with BD with thrombosis (Group 1), 24 patients with BD without thrombosis (Group 2), and 37 age- and sex-matched controls (Group 3). The analysis of 37 different FA with carbon numbers in the range of (4:0) and (24:1) in the samples were analyzed and compared between groups. Myristic acid (MA), methyl eicosatrienoate, and stearic acid (STA) levels were found to be significantly higher in BD with thrombosis than in BD without thrombosis, and palmitic acid (PA) levels were significantly higher in BD with thrombosis than in healthy individuals. MA was found to be a significant marker for differentiating between thrombotic BD. PA and STA are important markers for detecting thrombotic BD. In BD, lipotoxicity created by FA, such as PA, STA, and MA, plays a role as an inducer of inflammation and thrombosis through various mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Tezcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gülhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz
- Division of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muslu Kazım Körez
- Division of Biostatistics, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Limon
- Division of Rheumatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Semral Gülcemal
- Division of Rheumatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sema Yılmaz
- Division of Rheumatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Sivrikaya
- Division of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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Shen J, San W, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Cao D, Chen Y, Meng G. Different types of cell death in diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115802. [PMID: 37918258 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by disorders of insulin secretion and utilization. Long-term hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism cause vascular endothelial cell damage. Endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of diabetic vascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and atherosclerosis. Importantly, cell death is thought to be a key factor contributing to vascular endothelial injury. Morphologically, cell death can be divided into three forms: type I apoptosis, type II autophagy, and type III necrosis. According to the difference in function, cell death can be divided into accidental cell death (ACD) and regulated cell death (RCD). RCD is a controlled process involving numerous proteins and precise signaling cascades. Multiple subroutines covered by RCD may be involved in diabetic endothelial dysfunction, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, entosis, ferroptosis, ferroautophagy, parthanatos, netotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, alkaliptosis, oxeiptosis, cuproptosis, and PANoptosis. This article briefly reviews the mechanism and significance of cell death associated with diabetic endothelial dysfunction, which will help deepen the understanding of diabetic endothelial cell death and provide new therapeutic ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqing San
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danyi Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Borek-Dorosz A, Pieczara A, Czamara K, Stojak M, Matuszyk E, Majzner K, Brzozowski K, Bresci A, Polli D, Baranska M. What is the ability of inflamed endothelium to uptake exogenous saturated fatty acids? A proof-of-concept study using spontaneous Raman, SRS and CARS microscopy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:593. [PMID: 36380212 PMCID: PMC9666316 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) in vivo buffer and regulate the transfer of plasma fatty acid (FA) to the underlying tissues. We hypothesize that inflammation could alter the functionality of the EC, i.e., their capacity and uptake of different FA. The aim of this work is to verify the functionality of inflamed cells by analyzing their ability to uptake and accumulate exogenous saturated FA. Control and inflammatory human microvascular endothelial cells stimulated in vitro with two deuterium-labeled saturated FA (D-FA), i.e., palmitic (D31-PA) and myristic (D27-MA) acids. Cells were measured both by spontaneous and stimulated Raman imaging to extract detailed information about uptaken FA, whereas coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and fluorescence imaging showed the global content of FA in cells. Additionally, we employed atomic force microscopy to obtain a morphological image of the cells. The results indicate that the uptake of D-FA in inflamed cells is dependent on their concentration and type. Cells accumulated D-FA when treated with a low concentration, and the effect was more pronounced for D27-MA, in normal cells, but even more so, in inflamed cells. In the case of D31-PA, a slightly increased uptake was observed for inflamed cells when administered at higher concentration. The results provide a better understanding of the EC inflammation and indicate the impact of the pathological state of the EC on their capacity to buffer fat. All the microscopic methods used showed complementarity in the analysis of FA uptake by EC, but each method recognized this process from a different perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Pieczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland ,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Brzozowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Arianna Bresci
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy ,Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology at CNR (CNR-IFN), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland ,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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Abstract
The endothelium acts as the barrier that prevents circulating lipids such as lipoproteins and fatty acids into the arterial wall; it also regulates normal functioning in the circulatory system by balancing vasodilation and vasoconstriction, modulating the several responses and signals. Plasma lipids can interact with endothelium via different mechanisms and produce different phenotypes. Increased plasma-free fatty acids (FFAs) levels are associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Because of the multi-dimensional roles of plasma FFAs in mediating endothelial dysfunction, increased FFA level is now considered an essential link in the onset of endothelial dysfunction in CVD. FFA-mediated endothelial dysfunction involves several mechanisms, including dysregulated production of nitric oxide and cytokines, metaflammation, oxidative stress, inflammation, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and apoptosis. Therefore, modulation of FFA-mediated pathways involved in endothelial dysfunction may prevent the complications associated with CVD risk. This review presents details as to how endothelium is affected by FFAs involving several metabolic pathways.
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Li C, Shi L, Wang Y, Peng C, Wu L, Zhang Y, Du Z. High-fat diet exacerbates lead-induced blood-brain barrier disruption by disrupting tight junction integrity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1412-1421. [PMID: 33749115 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to lead (Pb) can damage to the central nervous system (CNS) in humans. High-fat diet (HFD) also has been suggested to impair neurocognitive function. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a rigorous permeability barrier for maintaining homeostasis of CNS. The damage of BBB caused by tight junctions (TJs) disruption is central to the etiology of various CNS disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether HFD could exacerbate Pb exposure induced the destruction of BBB integrity by TJs disruption. To this end, we measured cell viability assay, trans-endothelial electrical resistance assay, horseradish peroxidase flux measurement, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence experiments. The results showed that palmitic acid (PA), the most common saturated fatty acid found in the human body, can increase the permeability of the BBB in vitro which formed in bEnd.3 cells induced by Pb exposure, and decrease the expression of TJs, such as zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. Besides, we found that PA could promote the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway induced by Pb. MMP-9 inhibitor or JNK inhibitor could increase BBB integrity and up-regulate the expressions of ZO-1 and occludin after treatment, respectively. Moreover, the JNK inhibitor could down-regulate the expression of MMP-9. In conclusion, these results suggested that HFD exacerbates Pb-induced BBB disruption by disrupting TJs integrity. This may be because PA promotes the activation of JNK pathway and then up-regulated the expression of MMP-9 after Pb-exposure. It is suggested that people with HFD exposed to environmental Pb may cause more serious damage to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanbo Wang
- Institute of Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Gan YR, Wei L, Wang YZ, Kou ZK, Liang TX, Ding GW, Ding YH, Xie DX. Dickkopf‑1/cysteine‑rich angiogenic inducer 61 axis mediates palmitic acid‑induced inflammation and apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:122. [PMID: 33300071 PMCID: PMC7751473 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of mortality around the world, and the presence of atherosclerosis is the most common characteristic in patients with CVDs. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CCN1) has been reported to serve an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CCN1 could regulate the inflammation and apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by palmitic acid (PA). Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is an important antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway, which can specifically inhibit the classic Wnt signaling pathway. Firstly, the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1 were detected. Additionally, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS), DKK1, β-catenin, and inflammation- and apoptosis-associated proteins were measured. Detection of NO was performed using a commercial kit. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed to explore the effect of CCN1 on PA-induced inflammation. TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptosis of endothelial cells. The results revealed that PA upregulated the expression levels of CCN1, inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptotic proteins in endothelial cells. PA decreased the production of NO, and the levels of phosphorylated-eNOS, whereas knockdown of CCN1 partially abrogated these effects triggered by PA. Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated in PA-induced endothelial cells; however, the levels of DKK1 were downregulated. Overexpression of DKK1 could reduce CCN1 expression via inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In conclusion, knockdown of CCN1 attenuated PA-induced inflammation and apoptosis of endothelial cells via inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Rong Gan
- Gansu Cardiovascular Institute, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Outpatient, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Zhen Wang
- Gansu Cardiovascular Institute, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Ke Kou
- Gansu Cardiovascular Institute, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Xiang Liang
- Gansu Cardiovascular Institute, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Waner Ding
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shijiazhuang People's Medical College, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050599, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Xiong Xie
- Gansu Cardiovascular Institute, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
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Lei L, Bai G, Wang X, Liu S, Xia J, Wu S, Huan Y, Shen Z. Histone deacetylase 3-selective inhibitor RGFP966 ameliorates impaired glucose tolerance through β-cell protection. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 406:115189. [PMID: 32800772 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential therapeutic effect of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) pharmacologic inhibition on diabetes has been focused recently. RGFP966, as a highly-selective HDAC3 inhibitor, its possible roles and underlying mechanism in the treatment of diabetes needs to be clarified. In this study, low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pre-diabetic mice were used to test the regulatory ability of RGFP966 in blood glucose and insulin. We isolated the islets both from normal C57BL/6 J mice and KKAy mice with spontaneous type 2 diabetes to determine the potency of RGFP966 on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. NIT-1 pancreatic β-cells induced by sodium palmitate (PA) were applied to identify the protective effects of RGFP966 against β-cell apoptosis. The results showed that administration of RGFP966 in the pre-diabetic mice not only significantly reduced hyperglycemia, promoted phase I insulin secretion, improved morphology of islets, but also increased glucose infusion rate (GIR) during hyperglycemic clamp test. When treated in vitro, RGFP966 enhanced insulin secretion and synthesis in islets of normal C57BL/6J mice and diabetic KKAy mice. In addition, it partially attenuated PA-induced apoptosis in NIT-1 cells. Therefore, our research suggests that RGFP966, probably through selective inhibition of HDAC3, might serve as a novel potential preventive and therapeutic candidate for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guoliang Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuainan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Song Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Huan
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhufang Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Dou X, Ding Q, Lai S, Jiang F, Song Q, Zhao X, Fu A, Moustaid-Moussa N, Su D, Li S. Salidroside alleviates lipotoxicity-induced cell death through inhibition of TLR4/MAPKs pathway, and independently of AMPK and autophagy in AML-12 mouse hepatocytes. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Vaspin protects mouse mesenchymal stem cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through the MAPK/p38 pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 462:107-114. [PMID: 31463780 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to study the influence of vaspin on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs originated from bone marrow of C57BL/6 mouse were treated with vaspin and/or H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular viability detected by CCK-8 and cell apoptosis studied by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay were observed in these cells. The protein expressions of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, T-ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p38, p-p38, JNK, and p-JNK were tested by Western blot. Vaspin had no significant effect on cellular viability, but significantly reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis. Western blot assay showed that pretreatment with vaspin promoted the activation of p-p38. Inhibition of p38 by SB203580 suppressed the protective effect of vaspin on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Vaspin inhibits oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of MSCs via the activation of MAPK/p38 signaling pathway. These findings indicate that vaspin is prone to osteoporosis protection.
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Zhou X, Yang J, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Hou P, Zeng X, Yi L, Mi M. Resveratrol attenuates endothelial oxidative injury by inducing autophagy via the activation of transcription factor EB. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:42. [PMID: 31303889 PMCID: PMC6604179 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial oxidative injury is a key event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Resveratrol (RSV) attenuates the oxidative injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Autophagy is critical for the RSV-induced protective effects. However, the exact underlying mechanisms haven’t been completely elucidated. Thus, we aimed to explore the role of autophagy of the anti-oxidation of RSV and the underlying mechanism in palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated HUVECs. Methods HUVECs were pretreated with 10 μM of RSV for 2 h and treated with 200 μM of PA for an additional 24 h. Cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated with a microplate reader and confocal microscope. Autophagosomes were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, while lysosomes by confocal microscopy. The expression of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and related genes were quantified by qRT-PCR assay. Furthermore, TFEB levels, autophagy, and lysosomes were examined by western blot assay. Results RSV pretreatment suppressed the PA-induced decline in cell viability and elevation in ROS and MDA levels in HUVECs. RSV pretreatment also increased LC3 production and P62 degradation while promoted the autophagosomes formation. However, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment attenuated RSV-induced autophagy. RSV pretreatment upregulated the TFEB and TFEB-modulated downstream genes expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, in cells transfected with TFEB small interfering RNA, RSV-induced TFEB expression and subsequent autophagy were abolished. Meanwhile, the TFEB-modulated genes expression, the lysosomes formation and the RSV-induced anti-oxidation were suppressed. Conclusions In HUVECs, RSV attenuates endothelial oxidative injury by inducing autophagy in a TFEB-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Jining Yang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Hou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianglong Zeng
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), NO.30 Gao Tan Yan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
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Lu H, Sun J, Liang W, Zhang J, Rom O, Garcia-Barrio MT, Li S, Villacorta L, Schopfer FJ, Freeman BA, Chen YE, Fan Y. Novel gene regulatory networks identified in response to nitro-conjugated linoleic acid in human endothelial cells. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:224-233. [PMID: 31074702 PMCID: PMC6620647 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00127.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a crucial initiation event in the development of atherosclerosis and is associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart failure. Both digestive and oxidative inflammatory conditions lead to the endogenous formation of nitrated derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) upon generation of the proximal nitrating species nitrogen dioxide (·NO2) by nitric oxide (·NO) and nitrite-dependent reactions. Nitro-FAs (NO2-FAs) such as nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) and nitro-linoleic acid (NO2-LA) potently inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress, regulate cellular functions, and maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. Recently, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was identified as the preferential FA substrate of nitration in vivo. However, the functions of nitro-CLA (NO2-CLA) in ECs remain to be explored. In the present study, a distinct transcriptome regulated by NO2-CLA was revealed in primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) through RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression and pathway enrichment analysis identified numerous regulatory networks including those related to the modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, cell cycle, and hypoxic responses by NO2-CLA, suggesting a diverse impact of NO2-CLA and other electrophilic nitrated FAs on cellular processes. These findings extend the understanding of the protective actions of NO2-CLA in cardiovascular diseases and provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms that mediate the pleiotropic cellular responses to NO2-CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Lu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jinjian Sun
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wenying Liang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Oren Rom
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shengdi Li
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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12
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Guan G, Lei L, Lv Q, Gong Y, Yang L. Curcumin attenuates palmitic acid-induced cell apoptosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:655-664. [PMID: 30859861 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119836222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is mediated by multiple molecular mechanisms including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Curcumin, a phenolic compound, has cytoprotective properties, but its potential protective action against diabetic cardiomyopathy and the related molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin on cell viability and apoptosis in palmitic acid (PA)-treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes and investigated the signaling pathways involved. Treatment with PA reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, enhanced apoptosis-related protein expression (Caspase 3 and BCL-2 associated X protein (BAX)), and activated ER stress marker protein expression (glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)). Curcumin attenuated PA-induced reduction in cell viability and activation of apoptosis, Caspase 3 activity, BAX, CHOP, and GRP78 expression. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) attenuated the PA-induced effects on cell viability and apoptosis, similar to curcumin. Both curcumin and 4-PBA also attenuated PA-induced increase in ER stress protein (CHOP and GRP78) expression. Curcumin also protected against cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and ER stress induced by thapsigargin. These findings indicate that PA triggers apoptosis in H9C2 cells via ER stress pathways and curcumin protects against this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guan
- 1 Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.,2 Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - L Lei
- 1 Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.,2 Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Q Lv
- 3 College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, Guangxi, China
| | - Y Gong
- 1 Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.,4 College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - L Yang
- 2 Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.,4 College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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13
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Yang L, Guan G, Lei L, Lv Q, Liu S, Zhan X, Jiang Z, Gu X. Palmitic acid induces human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cell apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1283-1294. [PMID: 30194633 PMCID: PMC6237680 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) is the most common saturated long-chain fatty acid in food that causes cell apoptosis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of PA toxicity. In this study, we explore the effects of PA on proliferation and apoptosis in human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells and uncover the signaling pathways involved in the process. Our study showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy are involved in PA-induced Saos-2 cell apoptosis. We found that PA inhibited the viability of Saos-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. At the same time, PA induced the expression of ER stress marker genes (glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)), altered autophagy-related gene expression (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), ATG5, p62, and Beclin), promoted apoptosis-related gene expression (Caspase 3 and BAX), and affected autophagic flux. Inhibiting ER stress with 4-PBA diminished the PA-induced cell apoptosis, activated autophagy, and increased the expression of Caspase 3 and BAX. Inhibiting autophagy with 3-MA attenuated the PA and ER stress-induced cell apoptosis and the apoptosis-related gene expression (Caspase 3 and BAX), but seemed to have no obvious effects on ER stress, although the CHOP expression was downregulated. Taken together, our results suggest that PA-induced Saos-2 cell apoptosis is activated via ER stress and autophagy, and the activation of autophagy depends on the ER stress during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Basic Medical, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Gaopeng Guan
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
- Medicine Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qizhuang Lv
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
- Medicine Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhan
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Jiang
- Medicine Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China.
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14
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Meng Y, Du Z, Li Y, Wang L, Gao P, Gao X, Li C, Zhao M, Jiang Y, Tu P, Guo X. Integration of Metabolomics With Pharmacodynamics to Elucidate the Anti-myocardial Ischemia Effects of Combination of Notoginseng Total Saponins and Safflower Total Flavonoids. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:667. [PMID: 29988484 PMCID: PMC6026671 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Notoginseng (Sanqi), the roots and rhizomes of Panax notoginseng and safflower, the flowers of Carthamus tinctorius, are widely used traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Positive evidences have fueled growing acceptance for cardioprotective effects of the combination of the notoginseng total saponins and safflower total flavonoids (CNS) against myocardial ischemia (MI). However, the underlying cardioprotective mechanisms of CNS are still obscured. Metabolomics is a comprehensive tool for investigating biological mechanisms of disease, monitoring therapeutic outcomes, and advancing drug discovery and development. Herein, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of CNS on the isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI rats by using plasma and urine metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and multiple pharmacodynamics approaches. The results showed that pretreatment with CNS could attenuate the cardiac injury resulting from ISO, as evidenced by decreasing the myocardial infarct size, converting the echocardiographic, histopathological, and plasma biochemical abnormalities, and reversing the perturbations of plasma and urine metabolic profiles, particularly for the 55.0 mg/kg dosage group. In addition, 44 metabolites were identified as the potential MI biomarkers, mainly including a range of free fatty acids (FFAs), sphingolipids, and glycerophospholipids. CNS pretreatment group may robustly ameliorate these potential MI-related biomarkers. The accumulation of LysoPCs and FFAs, caused by PLA2, may activate NF-κB pathway and increase proinflammatory cytokines. However, our results showed that CNS at 55.0 mg/kg dosage could maximally attenuate the NF-κB signaling pathway, depress the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and PLA2. The results suggested that the anti-inflammatory property of CNS may contribute to its cardioprotection against MI. Our results demonstrate that the integrating of metabolomics with pharmacodynamics provides a reasonable approach for understanding the therapeutic effects of TCMs and CNS provide a potential candidate for prevention and treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Cui G, Li Y, Ding K, Hao S, Wang J, Zhang Z. Attribution of Bax and mitochondrial permeability transition pore on cantharidin-induced apoptosis of Sf9 cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 142:91-101. [PMID: 29107253 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the insecticidal mechanism of cantharidin, a promising biological pesticide substance from blister beetle, on Sf9 cells, a cultured cell line derived from fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, we preliminary studied the attribution of Bax channel and mitochondrial permeability transition pore on cantharidin-induced mitochondrial apoptosis signal pathway. Changes in cell morphology, activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases, release of cytochrome C and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were detected when the two channels were blocked by specific inhibitors, Bax channel blocker and cyclosporin A. Results showed that cantharidin-induced apoptotic features, including changes in the cell morphology, release of cytochrome C and decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential could be significantly inhibited by Bax channel blocker, while cyclosporin A accelerated the downward trend of mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity and caused a decrease of Ca2+ in mitochondria. In summary, Bax might be necessary but not exclusively for the apoptosis induced by cantharidin and the attribution of these channels seems to be more complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Cui
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuansheng Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kai Ding
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shaodong Hao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinzhong Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
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16
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Ghosh A, Gao L, Thakur A, Siu PM, Lai CWK. Role of free fatty acids in endothelial dysfunction. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:50. [PMID: 28750629 PMCID: PMC5530532 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma free fatty acids levels are increased in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes, playing detrimental roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence showing that dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, the inner lining of the blood vessels, is the key player in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review, we aimed to summarize the roles and the underlying mechanisms using the evidence collected from clinical and experimental studies about free fatty acid-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Because of the multifaceted roles of plasma free fatty acids in mediating endothelial dysfunction, elevated free fatty acid level is now considered as an important link in the onset of endothelial dysfunction due to metabolic syndromes such as diabetes and obesity. Free fatty acid-mediated endothelial dysfunction involves several mechanisms including impaired insulin signaling and nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, inflammation and the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and apoptosis in the endothelial cells. Therefore, targeting the signaling pathways involved in free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction could serve as a preventive approach to protect against the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction and the subsequent complications such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Parco M. Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
| | - Christopher W. K. Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
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17
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Incalza MA, D'Oria R, Natalicchio A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 100:1-19. [PMID: 28579545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 717] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive intermediates of molecular oxygen that act as important second messengers within the cells; however, an imbalance between generation of reactive ROS and antioxidant defense systems represents the primary cause of endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular damage in both metabolic and atherosclerotic diseases. Endothelial activation is the first alteration observed, and is characterized by an abnormal pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic phenotype of the endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels. This ultimately leads to reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, impairment of the vascular tone and other endothelial phenotypic changes collectively termed endothelial dysfunction(s). This review will focus on the main mechanisms involved in the onset of endothelial dysfunction, with particular focus on inflammation and aberrant ROS production and on their relationship with classical and non-classical cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, metabolic disorders, and aging. Furthermore, new mediators of vascular damage, such as microRNAs, will be discussed. Understanding mechanisms underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction is an important base of knowledge to prevent vascular damage in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Incalza
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella D'Oria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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18
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Ohtsu A, Tanaka H, Seno K, Iwata H, Kuwayama T, Shirasuna K. Palmitic acid stimulates interleukin-8 via the TLR4/NF-κB/ROS pathway and induces mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine oviduct epithelial cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [PMID: 28185389 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM We investigated the effect of palmitic acid (PA), a major saturated fatty acid in NEFA, on bovine oviduct epithelial cells (OECs) during in vitro cell culture. METHOD OF STUDY Bovine oviductal tissues ipsilateral to the corpus luteum were collected 1-3 days after ovulation; the OECs were isolated and cultured. RESULTS PA increased lipid accumulation and activated caspase-3 in OECs, resulting in decreased cell proliferation. PA also stimulated the secretion of inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-8 depending on TLR4, NF-κB activation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, PA induced mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial fission, ATP production, and mitochondrial ROS production. It also increased levels of LC3 and p62 proteins, suggesting autophagy induction in OECs. CONCLUSION We suggest that bovine OECs recognize an excessive increase in endogenous and sterile danger signals, such as PA, which may contribute to chronic oviductal inflammation, resulting in infertility associated with oviductal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Ohtsu
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hazuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kotomi Seno
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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GSK-3β promotes PA-induced apoptosis through changing β-arrestin 2 nucleus location in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Apoptosis 2016; 21:1045-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Shirasuna K, Takano H, Seno K, Ohtsu A, Karasawa T, Takahashi M, Ohkuchi A, Suzuki H, Matsubara S, Iwata H, Kuwayama T. Palmitic acid induces interleukin-1β secretion via NLRP3 inflammasomes and inflammatory responses through ROS production in human placental cells. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 116:104-12. [PMID: 27300134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity, a major risk factor for adverse pregnancy complications, results in inflammatory cytokine release in the placenta. Levels of free fatty acids are elevated in the plasma of obese human. These fatty acids include obesity-related palmitic acids, which is a major saturated fatty acid, that promotes inflammatory responses. Increasing evidence indicates that nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes mediate inflammatory responses induced by endogenous danger signals. We hypothesized that inflammatory responses associated with gestational obesity cause inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of palmitic acid on the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and inflammatory responses in a human Sw.71 trophoblast cell line. Palmitic acid stimulated caspase-1 activation and markedly increased interleukin (IL)-1β secretion in Sw.71 cells. Treatment with a caspase-1 inhibitor diminished palmitic acid-induced IL-1β release. In addition, NLRP3 and caspase-1 genome editing using a CRISPR/Cas9 system in Sw.71 cells suppressed IL-1β secretion, which was stimulated by palmitic acid. Moreover, palmitic acid stimulated caspase-3 activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion (e.g., IL-6 and IL-8). Palmitic acid-induced cytokine secretion were dependent on caspase-3 activation. In addition, palmitic acid-induced IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 secretion was depended on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In conclusion, palmitic acid caused activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and inflammatory responses, inducing IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 secretion, which is associated with ROS generation, in human Sw.71 placental cells. We suggest that obesity-related palmitic acid induces placental inflammation, resulting in association with pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Takano
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Kotomi Seno
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ohtsu
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Akihide Ohkuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hirotada Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
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21
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Afonso MS, Lavrador MSF, Koike MK, Cintra DE, Ferreira FD, Nunes VS, Castilho G, Gioielli LA, Paula Bombo R, Catanozi S, Caldini EG, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Passarelli M, Nakandakare ER, Lottenberg AM. Dietary interesterified fat enriched with palmitic acid induces atherosclerosis by impairing macrophage cholesterol efflux and eliciting inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 32:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Xiong Y, Dong S, Zhao X, Guo KJ, Gasco L, Zoccarato I. Gene expressions and metabolomic research on the effects of polyphenols from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume on heat-stressed broilers chicks. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1869-80. [PMID: 27209434 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of polyphenolic extract from involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume ( PICB: ), a novel approach using gene expression by real time polymerase chain reaction ( REAL-TIME PCR: ) coupled with metabolomic profiling technique was established to explain the mechanism of PICB on heat-stressed broiler chicks. Four thousand 28-day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly assigned to 5 groups (4 replicates / group, 20 chicks / replicate), in which group 1 was normal control group fed with basic ration; groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were fed with the basic ration with a supplementation of 0.2% Vitamin C ( VC: ), or 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4% of PICB respectively. After 1 wk of adaptation, heat stress was applied for 7 consecutive days. On d 3 and d 7 of heat stress, the chicks were sacrificed and sampled. The mRNA expression of heat stress protein 70 (HSP70), glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-PX: ), ornithine decarboxylase ( ODC: ), epidermal growth factor ( EGF: ) and epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR: ) were detected by real-time PCR using samples from jejunum mucosa. The serum and jejunum mucosa metabolomic profiles of PICB group showing best antioxidative effects and control group at d 3 were studied using the method of the gas chromatography - time of flight mass spectrometry ( GT-TOF-MS: ), followed by principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminate analysis. Potential biomarkers were found using Student's t-test. The results showed mRNA expressions of HSP70, GSH-Px, ODC, EGF, and EGFR were altered by the supplementation of PICB. PICB exhibited antioxidative and growth promoting effects, and 0.3% PICB supplementation level exhibited the best. Three metabolites in the serum and 5 in the jejunum mucosa were identified as potential biomarkers. They were considered to be in accordance with antioxidative and growth promoting effects of PICB, which involved in the energy metabolism (sorbitol, palmitic acid), carbohydrate metabolism, amino acids metabolism (serine, L-ornithine), glutathione metabolism (glutamate, L-ornithine), GnRH signaling pathway (inositol), etc. These findings provided novel insights into our understanding of molecular mechanism of PICB effects on heat-stressed chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - S Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - X Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - K J Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, No. 7 Beinong Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, Turin University. Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Ivo Zoccarato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, Turin University. Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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23
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Moeenfard M, Cortez A, Machado V, Costa R, Luís C, Coelho P, Soares R, Alves A, Borges N, Santos A. Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Cafestol and Kahweol Palmitate Diterpene Esters. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2748-2756. [PMID: 27129115 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies support the association of coffee-specific diterpenes, with various beneficial health effects. Although anti-antiangiogenic properties of free cafestol and kahweol have been recently described, available data regarding their esterified form, in particular palmitate esters as the main diterpene esters present in coffee, are still rare. Given that angiogenesis plays an important role in many pathological conditions, including cancer growth and metastasis, this study aimed to assess and compare the potential anti-angiogenic effects of cafestol palmitate (CP) and kahweol palmitate (KP) in an in vitro angiogenesis model. According to our findings, both compounds inhibited angiogenesis steps on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), although a more significant effect was observed for KP. Compared to control, HMVECs viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner upon incubation either with CP or KP. Concentrations of 75 and 100 μM of each compound were cytotoxic. Cell proliferation was also dramatically reduced by both diterpene esters at 50 μM, although KP had a stronger inhibitory effect. However, CP and KP did not induce apoptosis on HMVECs. Both compounds reduced cell migration, but this effect was only statistically significant after KP incubation. Inhibition of VEGFR2 expression and its downstream effector Akt, but not Erk, was also observed in CP- and KP-treated HMVECs. These findings were confirmed using ELISA assay for phosphorylated (active) VEGFR-2. Taken together, these data indicate that both CP and KP can be considered potent compounds against angiogenesis-dependent disorders. Our findings further indicate that KP exerts more potent anti-angiogenic effects than CP, in most of assays. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2748-2756, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Moeenfard
- LEPABE, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice Cortez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Machado
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Luís
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coelho
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologias da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal. .,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Arminda Alves
- LEPABE, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Borges
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Santos
- I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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24
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Wang HW, Su SH, Wang YL, Chang ST, Liao KH, Lo HH, Chiu YL, Hsieh TH, Huang TS, Lin CS, Cheng SM, Cheng CC. MicroRNA-134 Contributes to Glucose-Induced Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and This Effect Can Be Reversed by Far-Infrared Irradiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147067. [PMID: 26799933 PMCID: PMC4723308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that is increasing worldwide. Furthermore, it is associated with the deregulation of vascular-related functions, which can develop into major complications among DM patients. Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) have the potential to bring about medical repairs because of their post-natal angiogenic activities; however, such activities are impaired by high glucose- (HG) and the DM-associated conditions. Far-infrared radiation (FIR) transfers energy as heat that is perceived by the thermoreceptors in human skin. Several studies have revealed that FIR improves vascular endothelial functioning and boost angiogenesis. FIR has been used as anti-inflammatory therapy and as a clinical treatment for peripheral circulation improvement. In addition to vascular repair, there is increasing evidence to show that FIR can be applied to a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, hypertension and arthritis. Yet mechanism of action of FIR and the biomarkers that indicate FIR effects remain unclear. MicroRNA-134 (miR-134-5p) was identified by small RNA sequencing as being increased in high glucose (HG) treated dfECFCs (HG-dfECFCs). Highly expressed miR-134 was also validated in dmECFCs by RT-qPCR and it is associated with impaired angiogenic activities of ECFCs. The functioning of ECFCs is improved by FIR treatment and this occurs via a reduction in the level of miR-134 and an increase in the NRIP1 transcript, a direct target of miR-134. Using a mouse ischemic hindlimb model, the recovery of impaired blood flow in the presence of HG-dfECFCs was improved by FIR pretreatment and this enhanced functionality was decreased when there was miR-134 overexpression in the FIR pretreated HG-dfECFCs. In conclusion, our results reveal that the deregulation of miR-134 is involved in angiogenic defects found in DM patients. FIR treatment improves the angiogenic activity of HG-dfECFCs and dmECFCs and FIR has potential as a treatment for DM. Detection of miR-134 expression in FIR-treated ECFCs should help us to explore further the effectiveness of FIR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsei-Wei Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- VGH-YM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Su
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Li Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hsun Liao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hao Lo
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lin Chiu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Shun Huang
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Meng Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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25
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Ahmadian E, Jafari S, Yari Khosroushahi A. Role of angiotensin II in stem cell therapy of cardiac disease. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2015; 16:702-11. [PMID: 26670032 DOI: 10.1177/1470320315621225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is closely related to the cardiovascular system, body fluid regulation and homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Despite common therapeutic methods, stem cell/progenitor cell therapy is daily increasing as a term of regenerative medicine. RAS and its pharmacological inhibitors are not only involved in physiological and pathological aspects of the cardiovascular system, but also affect the different stages of stem cell proliferation, differentiation and function, via interfering cell signaling pathways. RESULTS This study reviews the new role of RAS, in particular Ang II distinct from other common roles, by considering its regulating impact on the different signaling pathways involved in the cardiac and endothelial tissue, as well as in stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS This review focuses on the impact of stem cell therapy on the cardiovascular system, the role of RAS in stem cell differentiation, and the role of RAS inhibition in cardiac stem cell growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadian
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Department of Pharmacognosy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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26
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Favre J, Yildirim C, Leyen TA, Chen WJY, van Genugten RE, van Golen LW, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Musters R, Baggen J, Fontijn R, van der Pouw Kraan T, Serné E, Koolwijk P, Diamant M, Horrevoets AJG. Palmitic acid increases pro-oxidant adaptor protein p66Shc expression and affects vascularization factors in angiogenic mononuclear cells: Action of resveratrol. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 75:7-18. [PMID: 26254104 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A defect in neo-vascularization process involving circulating angiogenic mononuclear cells (CACs) dysfunction is associated with diabetes. We showed that oxidative stress was elevated in CACs cultured from blood of individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes. We then assessed the action of palmitic acid (PA), a deregulated and increased NEFA in metabolic disorders, focusing on its oxidant potential. We observed that the phyto-polyphenol resveratrol normalized oxidative stress both in CACs isolated from MetS patients or treated with PA. Resveratrol further decreased the deleterious action of PA on gene expression of vascularization factors (TNFα, VEGF-A, SDF1α, PECAM-1, VEGFR2, Tie2 and CXCR4) and improved CAC motility. Particularly, resveratrol abolished the PA-induced over-expression of the pro-oxidant protein p66Shc. Neither KLF2 nor SIRT1, previously shown in resveratrol and p66Shc action, was directly involved. Silencing p66Shc normalized PA action on VEGF-A and TNFα specifically, without abolishing the PA-induced oxidative stress, which suggests a deleterious role of p66Shc independently of any major modulation of the cellular oxidative status in a high NEFA levels context. Besides showing that resveratrol reverses PA-induced harmful effects on human CAC function, certainly through profound cellular modifications, we establish p66Shc as a major therapeutic target in metabolic disorders, independent from glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Favre
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cansu Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A Leyen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Weena J Y Chen
- Department of Diabetes Center Internal medicine, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renate E van Genugten
- Department of Diabetes Center Internal medicine, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Larissa W van Golen
- Department of Diabetes Center Internal medicine, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan-Jesus Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Musters
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josefien Baggen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Fontijn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke van der Pouw Kraan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Serné
- Department of Diabetes Center Internal medicine, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michaela Diamant
- Department of Diabetes Center Internal medicine, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J G Horrevoets
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Marchix J, Choque B, Kouba M, Fautrel A, Catheline D, Legrand P. Excessive dietary linoleic acid induces proinflammatory markers in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1434-41. [PMID: 26337666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Following the historical dietary recommendations, the substitution of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) resulted in a dramatic increase of linoleic acid (LA) in the Western diet. While proatherogenic properties of SFAs have been described, the involvement of LA on the inflammatory process remains controversial. Herein, we evaluated the effects of an excessive LA intake on the cytokine-induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), through the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, in comparison with a control diet and regarding a "positive" SFA diet. Wistar rats were fed experimental diets - a control diet or diets enriched with LA or SFA - for 11 weeks. Plasma lipid parameters and proinflammatory cytokine production such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analyzed. Expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and NF-κB was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. No difference was observed in body weight. The enriched diets did not affect triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in plasma. Our results demonstrated that excessive dietary LA intake increased TNF-α levels (P<.05) in plasma. Rats fed the LA-enriched diet showed a significantly higher expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and NF-κB in aortas. In addition, our results demonstrated that an excess of LA is more efficient to activate endothelial molecular process than an excess of SFA. The present study provides further support for the proinflammatory properties of LA and suggests an LA-derivatives pathway involved in the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Marchix
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Benjamin Choque
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Maryline Kouba
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Fautrel
- INSERM U620, IFR 120 Core histopathology platform, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, INRA USC 2012, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France.
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28
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Lan H, Wang Y, Yin T, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang X, Yu Q, Wang Z, Wang G. Progress and prospects of endothelial progenitor cell therapy in coronary stent implantation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1237-47. [PMID: 26059710 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been widely used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD) since their clinical use has significantly reduced the occurrence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) as compared with the initially applied bare-metal stents (BMS). However, analyses of long-term clinical outcome have raised concerns about the serious safety problem of DES, such as ISR caused by late or very late thrombosis. Various studies showed that those complications were associated with vascular endothelial injury/dysfunction or endothelialization delaying. Recently, through biological characterization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), mechanistic understanding of rapid re-endothelialization of the vascular injury sites after coronary stenting has become possible and is a new research hotspot in the prevention of ISR and late/very late stent thrombosis. It has been well recognized that the formation of a functional endothelial layer from EPCs requires a coordinated sequence of multistep and signaling events, which includes cell mobilization, adhesion, migration and finally the differentiation to vascular endothelial cells (VECs). In this review, we summarize and discuss the currently relevant information about EPCs, the mechanism of DES interfering with the natural vascular healing process in preventing or delaying the formation of a functional endothelial layer, and EPCs-mediated acceleration of re-endothelialization at vascular injury sites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1237-1247, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Lan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tieyin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinsong Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Zhaoxu Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Wu J, He Z, Gao X, Wu F, Ding R, Ren Y, Jiang Q, Fan M, Liang C, Wu Z. Oxidized high-density lipoprotein impairs endothelial progenitor cells' function by activation of CD36-MAPK-TSP-1 pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:308-24. [PMID: 25313537 PMCID: PMC4298149 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels inversely correlate with cardiovascular events due to the protective effects on vascular wall and stem cells, which are susceptible to oxidative modifications and then lead to potential pro-atherosclerotic effects. We proposed that oxidized HDL (ox-HDL) might lead to endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) dysfunction and investigated underlying mechanisms. RESULTS ox-HDL was shown to increase apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, but to reduce migration, angiogenesis, and cholesterol efflux of EPCs in a dose-dependent manner. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB were activated after ox-HDL stimulation, which also upregulated thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression without affecting vascular endothelial growth factor. Effects caused by ox-HDL could be significantly attenuated by pretreatment with short hairpin RNA-mediated CD36 knockdown or probucol. Data of in vivo experiments and the inverse correlation of ox-HDL and circulating EPC numbers among patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) or CAD and type 2 diabetes also supported it. Meanwhile, HDL separated from such patients could significantly increase cultured EPC's caspase 3 activity, further supporting our proposal. INNOVATION This is the most complete study to date of how ox-HDL would impair EPCs function, which was involved with activation of CD36-p38 MAPK-TSP-1 pathways and proved by not only the inverse relationship between ox-HDL and circulating EPCs in clinic but also pro-apoptotic effects of HDL separated from patients' serum. CONCLUSION Activation of CD36-p38 MAPK-TSP-1 pathways contributes to the pathological effects of ox-HDL on EPCs' dysfunction, which might be one of the potential etiological factors responsible for the disturbed neovascularization in chronic ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, No. 411 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Research, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ru Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonggui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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30
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Thermodynamic analysis and AFM study of the interaction of palmitic acid with DPPE in Langmuir monolayers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Yuan L, Lu CL, Wang Y, Li Y, Li XY. Ang (1-7) protects islet endothelial cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis by AKT, eNOS, p38 MAPK, and JNK pathways. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:391476. [PMID: 24804268 PMCID: PMC3996957 DOI: 10.1155/2014/391476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of angiotensin (1-7) (Ang (1-7)) on palmitate-induced apoptosis in islet endothelial cells and the mechanism of action. MS-1 cells were treated with palmitate in the presence or absence of Ang (1-7). The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using a Reactive Oxygen Species Assay Kit. Expression of AKT, eNOS, C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 was detected by western blotting. Compared with palmitate treated group, palmitate-induced apoptosis was decreased in MS-1 cells which were preincubated with Ang (1-7) (P < 0.05). Palmitate decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and eNOS, and Ang (1-7) increased the phosphorylation of these kinases (P < 0.05), with a concomitant reduction in MS-1 cells apoptosis. Ang (1-7) also inhibited the palmitate-induced ROS production and attenuated the apoptosis-related signaling molecule JNK and p38 activation (all P < 0.05). PI3K/AKT, eNOS, p38 MAPK, and JNK inhibitors blocked the antilipoapoptosis of Ang (1-7) (all P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that Ang (1-7) reduces palmitate-induced islet endothelial cells apoptosis. AKT/eNOS/NO signaling and JNK and p38 pathway are involved in the Ang (1-7)-mediated modulation of islet endothelial cells lipoapoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- *Li Yuan:
| | - Chun-Li Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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32
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Li Q, Wang H, Ye S, Xiao S, Xie Y, Liu X, Wang J. Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of invasion in choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells by α-calendic acid and β-calendic acid. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:367-76. [PMID: 24035100 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alfa-calendic acid and β-calendic acid, geometric and positional isomers of linolenic acid were previously shown to possess potent anticancer properties. In this study, we found that α-calendic acid and β-calendic acid could induce apoptosis and suppress invasion of human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells in vitro. Treatment with α-calendic acid and β-calendic acid significantly increased oxidative stress in human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells detected by the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation production malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and the effects of antioxidants NAC and α-tocopherol. Furthermore, oxidative stress activated the phosphorylation of p38MAPK. SB203580, a selective p38MAPK inhibitor, blocked the apoptosis induced by α-calendic acid and β-calendic acid by upregulating Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibition of the activation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9. SB20350 also partially abrogated the cell invasion effects of α-calendic acid and β-calendic acid. These results suggested that α-calendic acid and β-calendic acid induced apoptosis and inhibited invasion in JEG-3 cells by activation of oxidative stress pathways and subsequent activation of P38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Biological Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, No. 1 Qinggongyuan, Gan District, Dalian 116034, China
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Zhang Y, Liang J, Sun L, Guo Z, Xu L. Inhibition of PP2A and the consequent activation of JNK/c-Jun are involved in tributyltin-induced apoptosis in human amnionic cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:390-400. [PMID: 21626652 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a highly toxic environmental contaminant, has been shown to induce mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in several mammalian cells. However, the upstream signal transduction pathways involved in TBT-induced apoptosis are still not fully elucidated. In this study, the protein phosphatase (PP) 2A, microtubule organization, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including JNK, p38 and their downstream transcription factors, c-Jun and ATF-2, respectively, were investigated in human amnionic cells treated by TBT. Furthermore, the activation of procaspase-3 after blocking either one of these MAPK pathways was also observed. The results showed that TBT effectively induced apoptosis characterized by caspase-3 activation. In apoptotic cells, the inhibition of PP2A activity and microtubule depolymerization was detected. Additionally, JNK and p38, as well as their downstream targets, c-Jun and ATF-2, were activated. Moreover, a JNK inhibitor, but not p38 inhibitor, significantly reduced caspase-3 activation. It can be concluded that the inhibition of PP2A may (1) play as a role in the activation of JNK and c-Jun and the concomitant promotion of microtubule depolymerization and (2) lead to the activation of caspase-3 in TBT-induced apoptotic cells. The results of this study suggest a critical role of PP2A in the TBT toxicity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of medicine, Zhejiang University, 388 Yu Hang Tang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, China
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34
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Lu Y, Qian L, Zhang Q, Chen B, Gui L, Huang D, Chen G, Chen L. Palmitate induces apoptosis in mouse aortic endothelial cells and endothelial dysfunction in mice fed high-calorie and high-cholesterol diets. Life Sci 2013; 92:1165-73. [PMID: 23680379 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and elevated circulating free fatty acids (FFA), resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in many of these processes. To determine if ER stress participates in palmitate-induced apoptosis, we investigated the effects of diet-induced obesity and palmitate on mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) in vivo and in vitro. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed standard chow diets (SCD) or high-calorie and high-cholesterol diets (HCD) for 3 months. Insulin resistance was detected, and the serum, including proinflammatory indices and markers of endothelial function, was also analyzed. The ultrastructure and apoptosis of the endothelial cells in the thoracic aorta were observed. The primary MAEC were separated and treated with palmitate at different concentrations or different times respectively to observe any changes in cellular proliferation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis. Finally, the ER stress markers C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS HCD-fed obese mice became inflammation-activated and insulin-resistant. Swollen mitochondria, expanded ER and apoptosis in the endothelial cells of the thoracic aorta were observed in HCD-fed mice. Palmitate inhibited cell proliferation, increased production of ROS and induced apoptosis in MAEC. CHOP was overexpressed and shifted into the nucleus (mainly), while the expression of GRP78 was upregulated in the palmitate-treated MAEC. SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that diet-induced obesity results in endothelial dysfunction in vivo, and that oxidative and ER stress may be involved in apoptosis induced by the palmitate in vitro.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects
- Cholesterol, Dietary/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Energy Intake/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Palmitic Acid/toxicity
- Random Allocation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China.
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Lopez S, Jaramillo S, Varela LM, Ortega A, Bermudez B, Abia R, Muriana FJG. p38 MAPK protects human monocytes from postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-induced toxicity. J Nutr 2013; 143:620-6. [PMID: 23486980 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.174656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) transport dietary fatty acids through the circulatory system to satisfy the energy and structural needs of the tissues. However, fatty acids are also able to modulate gene expression and/or induce cell death. We investigated the underlying mechanism by which postprandial TRLs of different fatty acid compositions can induce cell death in human monocytes. Three types of dietary fat [refined olive oil (ROO), high-palmitic sunflower oil (HPSO), and butter] with progressively increasing SFA:MUFA ratios (0.18, 0.41, and 2.08, respectively) were used as a source of postprandial TRLs (TRL-ROO, TRL-HPSO, and TRL-BUTTER) from healthy men. The monocytic cell line THP-1 was used as a model for this study. We demonstrated that postprandial TRLs increased intracellular lipid accumulation (31-106%), reactive oxygen species production (268-349%), DNA damage (133-1467%), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (800-1710%) and caspase-3 (696-1244%) activities, and phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) (54 kDa, 141-288%) and p38 (24-92%). These effects were significantly greater with TRL-BUTTER, and TRL-ROO did not induce DNA damage, DNA fragmentation, or p38 phosphorylation. In addition, blockade of p38, but not of JNK, significantly decreased intracellular lipid accumulation and increased cell death in postprandial TRL-treated cells. These results suggest that in human monocytes, p38 is involved in survival signaling pathways that protect against the lipid-mediated cytotoxicity induced by postprandial TRLs that are abundant in saturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lopez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Instituto de la Grasa, The Spanish National Research Council, Seville, Spain.
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Trombetta A, Togliatto G, Rosso A, Dentelli P, Olgasi C, Cotogni P, Brizzi MF. Increase of palmitic acid concentration impairs endothelial progenitor cell and bone marrow-derived progenitor cell bioavailability: role of the STAT5/PPARγ transcriptional complex. Diabetes 2013; 62:1245-57. [PMID: 23223023 PMCID: PMC3609587 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of plasma nonesterified fatty acids discovered that palmitic acid (PA), a natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand, is a reliable type 2 diabetes biomarker. We investigated whether and how PA diabetic (d-PA) concentrations affected endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) and bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cell (BM-HC) biology. PA physiologic (n-PA) and d-PA concentrations were used. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen content and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), PPARγ, cyclin D1, and p21(Waf) expression were evaluated. Small interfering RNA technology, gene reporter luciferase assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and coimmunoprecipitation were exploited. In vivo studies and migration assays were also performed. d-PA, unlike n-PA or physiological and diabetic oleic and stearic acid concentrations, impaired EPC migration and EPC/BM-HC proliferation through a PPARγ-mediated STAT5 transcription inhibition. This event did not prevent the formation of a STAT5/PPARγ transcriptional complex but was crucial for gene targeting, as p21(Waf) gene promoter, unlike cyclin D1, was the STAT5/PPARγ transcriptional target. Similar molecular events could be detected in EPCs isolated from type 2 diabetic patients. By expressing a constitutively activated STAT5 form, we demonstrated that STAT5 content is crucial for gene targeting and EPC fate. Finally, we also provide in vivo data that d-PA-mediated EPC dysfunction could be rescued by PPARγ blockade. These data provide first insights on how mechanistically d-PA drives EPC/BM-HC dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arturo Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Olgasi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Cotogni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Felice Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Corresponding author: Maria Felice Brizzi,
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Palmitic acid increases apoptosis of neural stem cells via activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Stem Cell Res 2012; 10:257-66. [PMID: 23319068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level is common in many pathological conditions, including neurological disorders, and their deleterious effects on various cells have been well documented. However, it remains to be investigated whether elevated FFAs would have a direct effect on neural stem cells (NSCs). Here, we reported that palmitic acid (PA) impaired cell viability and increased apoptosis of NSCs significantly in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Increased protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 coupled with decreased expression of Bcl-2 were also observed in NSCs with increasing dose or time of PA treatment, whereas caspase 3 expression remained relatively unaltered. In parallel to this, the expression of phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) in NSCs challenged with PA was increased significantly; however, JNK expression appeared stable. Remarkably, JNK inhibitor effectively reduced the apoptosis of NSCs induced by PA. The expression of phospho-p38 (p-p38), p38, phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (p-EKR1/2) and EKR1/2 in NSCs was not affected by PA treatment. In consideration of the above, it is suggested that elevated plasma FFA level may induce apoptosis of NSCs in vivo, and that this might be one of possible underlying mechanisms for the cognitive disturbance in neurological disorders.
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Lu J, Wang Q, Huang L, Dong H, Lin L, Lin N, Zheng F, Tan J. Palmitate causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in human mesenchymal stem cells: prevention by AMPK activator. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5275-84. [PMID: 22968644 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated circulating saturated fatty acids concentration is commonly associated with poorly controlled diabetes. The highly prevalent free fatty acid palmitate could induce apoptosis in various cell types, but little is known about its effects on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, we report that prolonged exposure to palmitate induces human bone marrow-derived MSC (hBM-MSC) and human umbilical cord-derived MSC apoptosis. We investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is known to promote cell apoptosis. Palmitate activated XBP1 splicing, elF2α (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α) phosphorylation, and CHOP, ATF4, BiP, and GRP94 transcription in hBM-MSCs. ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation were also induced by palmitate in hBM-MSCs. A selective p38 inhibitor inhibited palmitate activation of the ER stress, whereas the ERK1/2 inhibitors had no effect. The AMP-activated protein kinase activator aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide blocked palmitate-induced ER stress and apoptosis. These findings suggest that palmitate induces ER stress and ERK1/2 and p38 activation in hBM-MSCs, and AMP-activated protein kinase activator prevents the deleterious effects of palmitate by inhibiting ER stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- FuJian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University, China.
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39
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Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by 2-dodecylcyclobutanone, a radiolytic product of palmitic acid, in human lymphoma U937 cells. Apoptosis 2012; 17:636-45. [PMID: 22311471 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The irradiation of fat-containing food forms 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) from palmitic acid (PA). In this study, we investigated whether 2-DCB and PA induce apoptosis in human lymphoma U937 cells. We found that cell viability decreased by 2-DCB and apoptosis was induced by 2-DCB and PA. 2-DCB and PA significantly enhanced the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptosis induced by 2-DCB and PA was strongly prevented by an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L: -cysteine. The treatment with 2-DCB and PA resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and Fas, caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. Pretreatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD) significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by 2-DCB and PA. Moreover, 2-DCB and PA also induced Bax up-regulation, the reduction in Bcl-2 expression level, Bid cleavage and the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol. In addition, an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was observed after the treatment with 2-DCB and PA. Our results indicated that intracellular ROS generation, the modulation of the Fas-mitochondrion-caspase-dependent pathway and the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) involved in apoptosis are induced by 2-DCB and PA in U937 cells.
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40
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Lu Z, Wang G, Dunstan CR, Zreiqat H. Short-Term Exposure to Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Enables Human Osteoblasts to Direct Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Osteogenic Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2420-9. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- ZuFu Lu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Guocheng Wang
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colin R. Dunstan
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Sanadgol N, Mostafaie A, Mansouri K, Bahrami G. Effect of palmitic acid and linoleic acid on expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in human bone marrow endothelial cells (HBMECs). Arch Med Sci 2012; 8:192-8. [PMID: 22661989 PMCID: PMC3361029 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.28544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The amount and type of fatty acids (FAs) in the diet influence the risk of atherosclerosis. Palmitic acid and linoleic acid exist at high levels in Iranian edible oils. In this study, we investigated the effect of palmitic acid and linoleic acid on expression of soluble and cell-associated forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in human bone marrow endothelial cells (HBMECs). MATERIAL AND METHODS The endothelial cells were induced with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and thereafter incubated with palmitic or linoleic acid. The level of soluble and cell-associated VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were analyzed using ELISA and western blot. RESULTS Our findings indicated that palmitic acid up-regulates the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HBMECs when these cells are induced with TNF-α or LPS. In addition, the results suggest that linoleic acid could sustain up-regulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in activated endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Chronic activation of endothelial cells in the presence of palmitic and linoleic may account for pathogenesis of cardiovascular events. These findings provide further support for the detrimental effects of these fatty acids, especially palmitic acid, in promotion and induction of cardiovascular diseases which are prevalent in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Zabol University, Iran
| | - Ali Mostafaie
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahrami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Ferrari G, Terushkin V, Wolff MJ, Zhang X, Valacca C, Poggio P, Pintucci G, Mignatti P. TGF-β1 induces endothelial cell apoptosis by shifting VEGF activation of p38(MAPK) from the prosurvival p38β to proapoptotic p38α. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:605-14. [PMID: 22522454 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β1 and VEGF, both angiogenesis inducers, have opposing effects on vascular endothelial cells. TGF-β1 induces apoptosis; VEGF induces survival. We have previously shown that TGF-β1 induces endothelial cell expression of VEGF, which mediates TGF-β1 induction of apoptosis through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Because VEGF activates p38(MAPK) but protects the cells from apoptosis, this finding suggested that TGF-β1 converts p38(MAPK) signaling from prosurvival to proapoptotic. Four isoforms of p38(MAPK) -α, β, γ, and δ-have been identified. Therefore, we hypothesized that different p38(MAPK) isoforms control endothelial cell apoptosis or survival, and that TGF-β1 directs VEGF activation of p38(MAPK) from a prosurvival to a proapoptotic isoform. Here, we report that cultured endothelial cells express p38α, β, and γ. VEGF activates p38β, whereas TGF-β1 activates p38α. TGF-β1 treatment rapidly induces p38α activation and apoptosis. Subsequently, p38α activation is downregulated, p38β is activated, and the surviving cells become refractory to TGF-β1 induction of apoptosis and proliferate. Gene silencing of p38α blocks TGF-β1 induction of apoptosis, whereas downregulation of p38β or p38γ expression results in massive apoptosis. Thus, in endothelial cells p38α mediates apoptotic signaling, whereas p38β and p38γ transduce survival signaling. TGF-β1 activation of p38α is mediated by VEGF, which in the absence of TGF-β1 activates p38β. Therefore, these results show that TGF-β1 induces endothelial cell apoptosis by shifting VEGF signaling from the prosurvival p38β to the proapoptotic p38α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ferrari
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sloboda N, Fève B, Thornton SN, Nzietchueng R, Regnault V, Simon G, Labat C, Louis H, Max JP, Muscat A, Osborne-Pellegrin M, Lacolley P, Benetos A. Fatty acids impair endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation: a link between obesity and arterial stiffness in very old Zucker rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:927-38. [PMID: 22389459 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze age-related interactions between obesity, its associated metabolic disorders, and macrocirculation, we studied large artery stiffness and fatty acid responsiveness in lean and obese Zucker rats, aged 25 (adult) and 80 weeks (very old). Systolic arterial pressure was higher in old obese than in old lean rats (178 ± 10 vs 134 ± 8 mmHg, respectively). Carotid elastic modulus-wall stress curves showed increased age-dependent arterial stiffening, which was greater in obese animals. Old obese exhibited endothelial dysfunction with increased systemic oxidative stress. Adult obese had elevated plasma free fatty acid levels (1,866 ± 177 vs 310 ± 34 μg/μL in lean animals). In old obese, linoleate and palmitate increased contractility to phenylephrine and reduced relaxation to acetylcholine. Thus, obesity at 25 weeks appears to trigger accelerated arterial aging observed at 80 weeks. The early increase in free fatty acids may be a key effector in the severe arterial stiffness of the aged obese Zucker model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Sloboda
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, U961, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
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Zhao Y, Qiu F, Xu S, Yu L, Fu G. Thymosin β4 activates integrin-linked kinase and decreases endothelial progenitor cells apoptosis under serum deprivation. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2798-806. [PMID: 21935929 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) has been suggested to regulate multiple cell signal pathways and a variety of cellular functions such as cell migration, proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. Here, we investigated the effect of Tβ4 on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and the corresponding signal transduction pathways involved in this process. Circulating EPCs, isolated from healthy volunteers, were cultured in the absence or presence of Tβ4 and various signal cascade inhibitors. Apoptosis was evaluated with Annexin V immunostaining and cytosolic cytochrome c expression. Incubation of EPCs with Tβ4 caused a concentration dependent increase in cell viability and proliferation activity. It also caused an inhibitory effect on EPCs apoptosis, which was abolished by PI3K inhibitors (either LY294002 or Wortmannin) or JNK MAPK inhibitor SP600125. In addition, the expression and activity of caspase-3 and -9 were decreased by Tβ4, which markedly increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio within EPCs. Furthermore, Tβ4 was immunoprecipitated with integrin-linked kinase (ILK), accompanied by augmentation of ILK activity. Transfection of EPCs with ILK-siRNA resulted in abolishment of the activation of ILK-Akt and the ameliorative effect on apoptosis by Tβ4. Together, Tβ4 mediated inhibitory effect on EPCs apoptosis under serum deprivation can be attributed, at least in part, to ILK-Akt activation. The activation of JNK MAPK might also be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Bai YP, Hu CP, Yuan Q, Peng J, Shi RZ, Yang TL, Cao ZH, Li YJ, Cheng G, Zhang GG. Role of VPO1, a newly identified heme-containing peroxidase, in ox-LDL induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1492-500. [PMID: 21820048 PMCID: PMC3570029 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an important enzyme involved in the genesis and development of atherosclerosis. Vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) is a newly discovered member of the peroxidase family that is mainly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and has structural characteristics and biological activity similar to those of MPO. Our specific aims were to explore the effects of VPO1 on endothelial cell apoptosis induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that ox-LDL induced endothelial cell apoptosis and the expression of VPO1 in endothelial cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner concomitant with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generation, and up-regulated protein expression of the NADPH oxidase gp91(phox) subunit and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. All these effects of ox-LDL were inhibited by VPO1 gene silencing and NADPH oxidase gp91(phox) subunit gene silencing or by pretreatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin or diphenyliodonium. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or the caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-CHO significantly inhibited ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, but had no effect on intracellular ROS and HOCl generation or the expression of NADPH oxidase gp91(phox) subunit or VPO1. Collectively, these findings suggest for the first time that VPO1 plays a critical role in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and that there is a positive feedback loop between VPO1/HOCl and the now-accepted dogma that the NADPH oxidase/ROS/p38 MAPK/caspase-3 pathway is involved in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chang-Ping Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Rui-Zheng Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Tian-Lun Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ze-Hong Cao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuan-Jian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +1 086 731 84327695; +1 205 935 8565. (G. Cheng), (G.-G. Zhang)
| | - Guo-Gang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Corresponding authors. Fax: +1 086 731 84327695; +1 205 935 8565. (G. Cheng), (G.-G. Zhang)
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Zhu Y, Shi YP, Wu D, Ji YJ, Wang X, Chen HL, Wu SS, Huang DJ, Jiang W. Salidroside protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in cardiac H9c2 cells via PI3K-Akt dependent pathway. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:809-19. [PMID: 21563965 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces serious tissue injury in cardiovascular diseases. Salidroside, with its strong antioxidative and cytoprotective actions, is of particular interest in the development of antioxidative therapies for oxidative injury in cardiac diseases. We examined the pharmacological effects of salidroside on H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast cells under conditions of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) challenge. Salidroside attenuated H2O2-impaired cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, and effectively inhibited cellular malondialdehyde production, lethal sarcolemmal disruption, cell necrosis, and apoptosis induced by H2O2 insult. Salidroside significantly augmented Akt phosphorylation at Serine 473 in the absence or presence of H2O2 stimulation; wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, abrogated salidroside protection. Salidroside increased the intracellular mRNA expression and activities of catalase and Mn-superoxide dismutases in a PI3K-dependent manner. Our results indicated that salidroside protected cardiomyocytes against oxidative injury through activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and increasing the expression and activities of endogenous PI3K dependent antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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