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Salasova A, Monti G, Andersen OM, Nykjaer A. Finding memo: versatile interactions of the VPS10p-Domain receptors in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:74. [PMID: 36397124 PMCID: PMC9673319 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of VPS10p-Domain (D) receptors comprises five members named SorLA, Sortilin, SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3. While their physiological roles remain incompletely resolved, they have been recognized for their signaling engagements and trafficking abilities, navigating a number of molecules between endosome, Golgi compartments, and the cell surface. Strikingly, recent studies connected all the VPS10p-D receptors to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. In addition, they have been also associated with diseases comorbid with AD such as diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This systematic review elaborates on genetic, functional, and mechanistic insights into how dysfunction in VPS10p-D receptors may contribute to AD etiology, AD onset diversity, and AD comorbidities. Starting with their functions in controlling cellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein and the metabolism of the amyloid beta peptide, we present and exemplify how these receptors, despite being structurally similar, regulate various and distinct cellular events involved in AD. This includes a plethora of signaling crosstalks that impact on neuronal survival, neuronal wiring, neuronal polarity, and synaptic plasticity. Signaling activities of the VPS10p-D receptors are especially linked, but not limited to, the regulation of neuronal fitness and apoptosis via their physical interaction with pro- and mature neurotrophins and their receptors. By compiling the functional versatility of VPS10p-D receptors and their interactions with AD-related pathways, we aim to further propel the AD research towards VPS10p-D receptor family, knowledge that may lead to new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for AD patients.
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Wang Y, Luan M, Xue L, Jin J, Xie A. Evaluation of the relationship between SORL1 gene polymorphism and Parkinson's disease in the Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2022; 778:136602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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UCHIDA TAKAYUKI, NASU MOTOMI, HASHIMOTO TAKASHI, TSURUMARU MASAHIKO, KAJIYAMA YOSHIAKI. Examination of a Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor Relative with 11 Ligand-binding Repeats (LR11) as a Biomarker in Esophageal Cancer. JUNTENDO MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.14789/jmj.jmj22-0008-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TAKAYUKI UCHIDA
- Department of Esophageal & Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - MOTOMI NASU
- Department of Esophageal & Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - TAKASHI HASHIMOTO
- Department of Esophageal & Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - MASAHIKO TSURUMARU
- Department of Esophageal & Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - YOSHIAKI KAJIYAMA
- Department of Esophageal & Gastroenterological Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
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Watanabe K, Suzuki H, Jiang M, Tsukano S, Kataoka S, Ito S, Sakai T, Hirokawa T, Haniu H, Numano F, Hoshina S, Hasegawa S, Matsunaga M, Chiba K, Saito N, Yoshida H, Takami S, Okubo S, Hirano H, Saitoh A, Bujo H. Soluble LR11 as a Novel Biomarker in Acute Kawasaki Disease. Circ J 2021; 86:977-983. [PMID: 34526431 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play an important role in the vasculitis caused by Kawasaki disease (KD). Lipoprotein receptor 11 (LR11) is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, which is expressed markedly in intimal vascular SMCs and secreted in a soluble form (sLR11). sLR11 has been recently identified as a potential vascular lesion biomarker. sLR11 is reportedly elevated in patients with coronary artery lesions long after KD, but there is no description of sLR11 in acute KD. Our aim was to determine the sLR11 dynamics in acute KD and to assess its usefulness as a biomarker.Methods and Results:106 acute KD patients and 18 age-matched afebrile controls were enrolled. KD patients were classified into the following subgroups: intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) responders (n=85) and non-responders (n=21). Serum sLR11 levels before IVIG therapy were higher in non-responders (median, 19.6 ng/mL; interquartile range [IQR], 13.0-24.9 ng/mL) than in controls (11.9 ng/mL, 10.4-14.9 ng/mL, P<0.01) or responders (14.3 ng/mL, 11.7-16.5 ng/mL, P<0.01). Using a cutoff of >17.5 ng/mL, non-responders to initial IVIG therapy were identified with 66.7% sensitivity and 78.8% specificity. CONCLUSIONS sLR11 can reflect the state of acute KD and might be a biomarker for patient response to IVIG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital
| | - Meizi Jiang
- Department of Clinical-laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center
| | - Shinya Tsukano
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital
| | | | - Sueshi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital
| | | | - Toru Hirokawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital
| | - Hisanori Haniu
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Fujito Numano
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Satoshi Hoshina
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | | | | | - Kousei Chiba
- Department of Pediatrics, Saiseikai Sanjo Hospital
| | - Naka Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center
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Choi YB, Lee MJ, Park JT, Han SH, Kang SW, Yoo TH, Kim HJ. Prognostic value of soluble ST2 and soluble LR11 on mortality and cardiovascular events in peritoneal dialysis patients. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:228. [PMID: 32539731 PMCID: PMC7296670 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the soluble form of suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) and soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats (sLR11) have emerged as novel cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with cardiovascular disease, their prognostic value has not been fully investigated in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods We included 74 prevalent PD patients from a prospective cohort and measured serum sST2 and sLR11 concentrations by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association of these biomarkers and all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) was evaluated. Results During a follow-up of 38.5 months, all-cause deaths and MACCEs were observed in 13 (17.6%) patients and 23 (31.3%) patients. Multivariable Cox analyses demonstrated that greater sST2 was independently associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (≥75.8 ng/mL; hazard ratio [HR] = 5.551; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.360–22.660) and MACCEs (≥72.5 ng/mL; HR = 4.609; 95% CI = 1.608–13.208). Furthermore, sST2 showed additive predictive value for mortality to the base model including traditional risk factors (net reclassification index = 0.598, P = 0.04). sLR11 was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality or MACCE. Conclusions sST2, but not sLR11, indicated a significant prognostic value for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in PD patients. Further research is needed to validate emerging biomarkers in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bum Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Jong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Korea.
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Suwa S, Ogita M, Takahashi N, Wada H, Dohi T, Kasai T, Okazaki S, Shimada K, Miyauchi K, Bujo H, Daida H. Impact of LR11 as Residual Risk on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Treated with Statins after First Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Int Heart J 2020; 61:470-475. [PMID: 32350212 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.19-686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular events still occur despite statin-based lipid-lowering therapy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). LR11, a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, is a novel marker for the proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells, which are critical to atherosclerotic plaque formation. We evaluated the impact of LR11 on long-term clinical outcomes in CAD patients treated with statins after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).This study included 223 consecutive CAD patients (age, 64.5 ± 9.6 years; male, 81.2%) treated with statin after first PCI between March 2003 and December 2004 at our institution. Patients were stratified to two groups according to LR11 levels (median). Composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints that included cardiovascular death, non-fatal acute coronary syndrome and non-fatal stroke were compared between groups.The rate of CVD endpoints was significantly higher in the high LR11 group (log-rank, P = 0.0029) during the median follow-up period of 2844 days. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that a higher LR11 level was significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio for composite CVD endpoints, 2.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-4.92; P = 0.006).Elevated levels of LR11 were significantly associated with long-term clinical outcomes among CAD patients treated with statins after first PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Suwa
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital
| | - Manabu Ogita
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital
| | | | - Hideki Wada
- Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital
| | - Tomotaka Dohi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shinya Okazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Katsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Experimental Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
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Ishida H, Jiang M, Ebinuma H, Hiruta N, Schneider WJ, Kinoshita T, Bujo H. Circulating soluble LR11, a differentiation regulator for vascular cells, is increased during pregnancy and exaggerated in patients with pre-eclampsia. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 497:172-177. [PMID: 31299181 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease characterized by onset of hypertension and proteinuria, sometimes progressing into damaging other organs. Here, we investigated the pathological significance of the soluble fragment of LR11 (sLR11), a cell differentiation regulator, in comparison to circulating IL-6 and TNF-α, in pre-eclampsia. METHODS The study was conducted in a cross-sectional research design with fourteen pre-eclampsia patients and fifty healthy pregnant subjects. Pre-eclampsia was defined as hypertensive disorders in pregnancy at over 20 weeks of gestation with proteinuria. RESULTS Plasma levels of sLR11 as well as IL-6 in pre-eclampsia were increased compared with those in the healthy pregnant subjects at the first, the second, and the third trimester. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for the detection of pre-eclampsia among third-trimester subjects showed that the areas under the curves of sLR11 and IL-6 were equivalent. sLR11 and IL-6 correlated positively with TNF-α in healthy pregnant subjects. In the pre-eclampsia patients, there was neither a correlation between sLR11 and IL-6 nor between sLR11 and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS sLR11 increases during pregnancy, with levels further exaggerated in pre-eclampsia, and may be related to the pathology of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Meizi Jiang
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ebinuma
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hiruta
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Wolfgang J Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Toshihiko Kinoshita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan.
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Harada M, Jiang M, Terai K, Ebinuma H, Hiruta N, Schneider WJ, Sugo N, Nagao T, Bujo H. Levels of circulating soluble LR11, a regulator of smooth muscle cell migration, are highly associated with atherosclerotic plaques in patients with carotid artery stenosis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 490:69-76. [PMID: 30550937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The levels of plasma sLR11, released from intimal SMCs, are positively associated with intima-media thickness (IMT) in asymptomatic subjects. We have evaluated the yet unknown pathological significance of sLR11 for plaque conditions in patients with carotid artery stenosis. METHODS The presence of LR11 in carotid plaques was investigated using autopsy specimens. A clinical ultrasonography study for elucidating relationships between sLR11 and plaque condition was performed in 46 patients. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry showed high levels of LR11 in SMCs within thickened intima and at the media-intima border of atherosclerotic carotid plaques. The levels of sLR11 in patients were clearly elevated compared to healthy controls. Univariate analysis of sLR11 revealed significant positive correlation with plaque score and a tendency to correlate with the stenotic fraction. Univariate and multiple regression analyses of plaque scores showed that sLR11, maximum IMT, and HDL-cholesterol independently determined plaque score. Finally, univariate analysis of initial sLR11 levels for changes in imaging markers after one-year follow-up showed that initial sLR11 levels significantly correlated with stenotic fraction progression. CONCLUSIONS The levels of sLR11, abundantly expressed in carotid atherosclerotic plaques, are highly associated with increased plaque score. sLR11 levels may be predictive of plaque conditions in patients with advanced carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Harada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Meizi Jiang
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Japan
| | - Kensuke Terai
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ebinuma
- Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Tsukuba Research Institute, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hiruta
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Wolfgang J Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nobuo Sugo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Omori, Japan
| | - Takeki Nagao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura 285-8741, Japan.
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Gensberger ET, Scharrer S, Regele H, Aumayr K, Kopecky C, Gmeiner B, Hermann M, Zeillinger R, Bajar T, Winnicki W, Sengölge G. Known players, new interplay in atherogenesis: Chronic shear stress and carbamylated-LDL induce and modulate expression of atherogenic LR11 in human coronary artery endothelium. Thromb Haemost 2017; 111:323-32. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-12-0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn this study we examined whether low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family members represent a link between blood flow characteristics and modified low-density lipoproteins involved in endothelial injury, a pivotal factor in atherogenesis. We demonstrated the expression of pro-atherogenic LDL receptor relative (LR11) for the first time in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) in vitro and in vivo. Next, LR11 expression and regulation were explored in HCAEC cultured conventionally or on the inner surface of hollow fiber capillaries under exposure to shear stress for 10 days in the presence or absence of LDL. There was no LR11 expression under static conditions. When exposed to chronic low shear stress (2.5 dynes/cm2) transmembrane and soluble endothelial-LR11 were detected in high levels irrespective of the type of LDL added (carbamylated or native). In contrast, chronic high shear stress (25 dynes/cm2) inhibited the LR11-inducing effect of LDL such that transmembrane and soluble LR11 expression became non-detectable with native LDL. Carbamylated LDL significantly counteracted this atheroprotective effect of high shear stress as shown by lower, yet sustained expression of soluble and transmembrane LR11. Oxidised LDL showed similar effects compared to carbamylated LDL but caused significantly lower LR11 expression under chronic high shear stress. Medium from HCAEC under LR11-inducing conditions enhanced vascular smooth muscle cell migration, which was abrogated by the anti-LR11 antibody. Expression of LR11 depended entirely on p38MAPK phosphorylation. We conclude that coronary endothelial LR11 expression modulated by LDL and chronic shear stress contributes to atherogenesis. LR11 and p38MAPK are potential targets for prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Nohara A. sLR11 as a novel predictor of vascular calcification. Atherosclerosis 2017; 265:242-243. [PMID: 28823527 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nohara
- Cholesterol Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa University Health Service Center, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan.
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Vongpromek R, Bos S, Ten Kate GJR, Bujo H, Jiang M, Nieman K, Schneider W, Roeters van Lennep JE, Verhoeven AJM, Sijbrands EJG, Mulder MT. Soluble LR11 associates with aortic root calcification in asymptomatic treated male patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2017. [PMID: 28637586 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite statin treatment, a high prevalence of severe vascular calcification is found in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We assessed the relation between the circulating soluble form of low-density lipoprotein receptor relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats (sLR11), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and vascular calcification in asymptomatic statin-treated heterozygous FH patients. METHODS In 123 asymptomatic heterozygous FH patients (age 40-69 years), aortic root (ARC), aortic valve (AVC) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) were determined with CT-based calcium scoring expressed in Agatston units. Plasma sLR11 levels were measured by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS Seventy-three patients displayed ARC, 48 had AVC and 96 CAC. Plasma sLR11 levels were positively correlated with the presence of ARC (r = 0.2, p = 0.03), but not with AVC or CAC. The correlation between sLR11 levels and ARC was restricted to male FH patients (r = 0.31, p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic analyses showed that the association of plasma sLR11 with the presence of ARC was independent of other determinants (Adjusted Odds Ratio, 2.01 (95% CI = 1.28-3.16) p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Plasma sLR11 is associated with ARC in male FH patients and may be mechanistically involved in the differential distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranitha Vongpromek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan R Ten Kate
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Meizi Jiang
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Koen Nieman
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Max. F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeanine E Roeters van Lennep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrie J M Verhoeven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tien WS, Chen JH, Wu KP. SheddomeDB: the ectodomain shedding database for membrane-bound shed markers. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:42. [PMID: 28361715 PMCID: PMC5374707 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of membrane-anchored proteins are known to be released from cell surface via ectodomain shedding. The cleavage and release of membrane proteins has been shown to modulate various cellular processes and disease pathologies. Numerous studies revealed that cell membrane molecules of diverse functional groups are subjected to proteolytic cleavage, and the released soluble form of proteins may modulate various signaling processes. Therefore, in addition to the secreted protein markers that undergo secretion through the secretory pathway, the shed membrane proteins may comprise an additional resource of noninvasive and accessible biomarkers. In this context, identifying the membrane-bound proteins that will be shed has become important in the discovery of clinically noninvasive biomarkers. Nevertheless, a data repository for biological and clinical researchers to review the shedding information, which is experimentally validated, for membrane-bound protein shed markers is still lacking. RESULTS In this study, the database SheddomeDB was developed to integrate publicly available data of the shed membrane proteins. A comprehensive literature survey was performed to collect the membrane proteins that were verified to be cleaved or released in the supernatant by immunological-based validation experiments. From 436 studies on shedding, 401 validated shed membrane proteins were included, among which 199 shed membrane proteins have not been annotated or validated yet by existing cleavage databases. SheddomeDB attempted to provide a comprehensive shedding report, including the regulation of shedding machinery and the related function or diseases involved in the shedding events. In addition, our published tool ShedP was embedded into SheddomeDB to support researchers for predicting the shedding event on unknown or unrecorded membrane proteins. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, SheddomeDB is the first database for the identification of experimentally validated shed membrane proteins and currently may provide the most number of membrane proteins for reviewing the shedding information. The database included membrane-bound shed markers associated with numerous cellular processes and diseases, and some of these markers are potential novel markers because they are not annotated or validated yet in other databases. SheddomeDB may provide a useful resource for discovering membrane-bound shed markers. The interactive web of SheddomeDB is publicly available at http://bal.ym.edu.tw/SheddomeDB/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Tien
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Hong Chen
- Department of Computer Science, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Pin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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Sugita Y, Ohwada C, Kawaguchi T, Muto T, Tsukamoto S, Takeda Y, Mimura N, Takeuchi M, Sakaida E, Shimizu N, Tanaka H, Abe D, Fukazawa M, Sugawara T, Aotsuka N, Nishiwaki K, Shono K, Ebinuma H, Fujimura K, Bujo H, Yokote K, Nakaseko C. Prognostic impact of serum soluble LR11 in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A multicenter prospective analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 463:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Schmidt V, Subkhangulova A, Willnow TE. Sorting receptor SORLA: cellular mechanisms and implications for disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:1475-1483. [PMID: 27832290 PMCID: PMC5357279 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sorting-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA) is an intracellular sorting receptor that directs cargo proteins, such as kinases, phosphatases, and signaling receptors, to their correct location within the cell. The activity of SORLA assures proper function of cells and tissues, and receptor dysfunction is the underlying cause of common human malignancies, including Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, and obesity. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that govern sorting of SORLA and its cargo in multiple cell types, and why genetic defects in this receptor results in devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schmidt
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aygul Subkhangulova
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas E Willnow
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Levels of the soluble LDL receptor-relative LR11 decrease in overweight individuals with type 2 diabetes upon diet-induced weight loss. Atherosclerosis 2016; 254:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Circulating soluble form of LR11, a regulator of smooth muscle cell migration, is a novel marker for intima-media thickness of carotid arteries in type 2 diabetes. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 457:137-41. [PMID: 27095609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration from the media to the intima, a process affecting plaque stability in advanced-stage atherosclerosis, is under the control of LR11. To delineate the clinical significance of the circulating soluble form of LR11 (sLR11) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), we analyzed the correlation of sLR11 levels with intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries. METHODS Plasma sLR11 levels were measured in 165 patients with T2D (mean age 56.2±10.4 y, 58.2% males, and BMI 24.6±3.6) by ELISA. Averaged IMT levels of common carotid arteries were determined by ultrasonography. RESULTS Circulating sLR11 levels were 9.8±3.5ng/ml, and correlated positively with the classical atherosclerosis risk factors age, sex, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma-glucose (FPG), and glycosylated hemoglobin. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that only FPG was associated with sLR11; sLR11 correlated positively with IMT, together with age and FPG, but less with LDL-C. Among the serum risk factors for IMT, multivariate linear regression analysis uncovered that sLR11 was independently associated with IMT. Subsequent logistic analysis revealed that FPG correlated best with IMT values at a cut-off of 0.80mm and sLR11 at a cut-off of 0.90mm, respectively, while LDL-C showed lower discriminatory power at any IMT cut-off values. CONCLUSION Increased sLR11 concentrations are highly associated with increased IMT as well as with FPG in middle-aged, non-obese patients with T2D. Circulating sLR11 may be a novel marker representing the pathophysiology of intimal SMCs in patients with T2D.
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Terai K, Jiang M, Tokuyama W, Murano T, Takada N, Fujimura K, Ebinuma H, Kishimoto T, Hiruta N, Schneider WJ, Bujo H. Levels of soluble LR11/SorLA are highly increased in the bile of patients with biliary tract and pancreatic cancers. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 457:130-6. [PMID: 27079357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of molecules derived from cancer cells as biomarkers of the pathological status in biliary tract and pancreatic cancers is still limited. Soluble LDL receptor relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats (sLR11), a molecule released from immature cells, has been shown to be a circulating biomarker for early stage hematological malignancies. METHODS We have evaluated the pathological significance of bile sLR11 levels in 147 samples from 72 patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC), pancreatic cancer (PC), or benign diseases. RESULTS The bile sLR11 levels in the cancer patients were significantly increased compared with those in patients without cancer, independent of cytological detection of cancer cells in bile. The average bile sLR11 levels in cancer patients were significantly higher than in those with benign diseases, while levels of bile carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were not different. LR11 protein was found to be highly expressed in the BTC and PC cells. The LR11 transcript levels in cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer cell lines were sharply induced during proliferation and significantly increased under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, sLR11 levels in bile may be indicative of cancer cell conditions and may serve as potential novel biomarker in patients with BTC and PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Terai
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan; Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University Graduate School of Science, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Meizi Jiang
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Wataru Tokuyama
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi Murano
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Nobuo Takada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Kengo Fujimura
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ebinuma
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Sekisui Medical Co Ltd, Ryugasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kishimoto
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University Graduate School of Science, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hiruta
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan; Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Wolfgang J Schneider
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan.
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Schmidt V, Willnow TE. Protein sorting gone wrong – VPS10P domain receptors in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Watanabe K, Suzuki H, Jiang M, Haniu H, Numano F, Hoshina S, Saitoh A, Uchiyama M, Bujo H. Soluble LR11 is a novel biomarker for vascular lesions late after Kawasaki disease. Atherosclerosis 2016; 246:94-7. [PMID: 26761773 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery lesions (CALs) and a risk for early onset of atherosclerosis are major concerns following Kawasaki disease (KD). Intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) have an important role in vascular lesions in KD. It is known that soluble LR11 (sLR11) is a novel biomarker for vascular lesions and LR11 is markedly expressed in intimal SMCs in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we hypothesized that sLR11 reflects the presence of vascular lesions late after KD. METHODS Twenty-three age-matched controls (group 1) and 59 patients with a history of KD were enrolled; 36 with KD had normal coronary arteries or regressed aneurysms (group 2), and 23 had CALs (group 3). RESULTS Serum sLR11 levels in group 3 (median, interquartile range (IQR): 11.1 ng/mL, 9.3-13.9 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those in groups 1 (8.4 ng/mL, 7.1-10.2 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and 2 (9.0 ng/mL, 7.7-10.1 ng/mL, p < 0.01). Levels of sLR11 were positively correlated with levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = 0.480, p < 0.01) and lipoprotein (a) (r = 0.486, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that sLR11 reflects the development of vascular lesions in patients with serious CALs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Meizi Jiang
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Hisanori Haniu
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fujito Numano
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hoshina
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Uchiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
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Ogita M, Miyauchi K, Kasai T, Tsuboi S, Wada H, Naito R, Konishi H, Dohi T, Tamura H, Okazaki S, Yanagisawa N, Shimada K, Suwa S, Jiang M, Bujo H, Daida H. Prognostic impact of circulating soluble LR11 on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2015; 244:216-21. [PMID: 26687467 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LR11, a member of LDL receptor family, is a novel marker of the proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs). LR11 is released in soluble form (sLR11) by proteolytic shedding and has biological activity toward SMC migration. We previously showed that circulating sLR11 positively correlates with carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT) independently of classical atherosclerotic risk factors and that it significantly associates with the severity of CAD. However, the association between sLR11 and long-term clinical outcomes remain uncertain. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 438 consecutive patients (mean age, 65.8 ± 9.6 y; male, 82.4%) who underwent coronary intervention between March 2003 and December 2004 at our institution. The patients were assigned to quartiles according to pre-procedural sLR11 values. The primary endpoints were composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints including cardiovascular death, non-fatal acute coronary syndrome and non-fatal stroke. During median follow-up of 2876 days, composite CVD endpoints occurred 97 (22.1%) patients including 41 (9.4%) with cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related death, 36 (8.2%) non-fatal ACS and 20 (4.6%) non-fatal strokes. The hazard ratio (HR) for composite CVD endpoints significantly and dose-dependently increased with sLR11 levels (p for trend = 0.0077). A higher logarithm-transformed sLR11 value was associated with a greater risk of composite CVD endpoints, and the increased number of adverse long-term clinical outcomes persisted even after adjustment for other independent variables (HR 1.87 95%CI 1.02-3.31, p = 0.0435). CONCLUSIONS Elevated sLR11 levels were significantly associated with higher long-term adverse cardiac events in patients with CAD. Further extensive studies are expected to elucidate the mechanistic role of sLR11 and its clinical value as a prognostic marker in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ogita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shuta Tsuboi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Hideki Wada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Ryo Naito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Konishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Dohi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinya Okazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naotake Yanagisawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoru Suwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan
| | - Meizi Jiang
- Department of Clinical-laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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LR11/SorLA links triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to risk of developing cardiovascular disease in FH patients. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:429-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Soluble LR11/SorLA represses thermogenesis in adipose tissue and correlates with BMI in humans. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8951. [PMID: 26584636 PMCID: PMC4673879 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important component of energy expenditure in mammals. Recent studies have confirmed its presence and metabolic role in humans. Defining the physiological regulation of BAT is therefore of great importance for developing strategies to treat metabolic diseases. Here we show that the soluble form of the low-density lipoprotein receptor relative, LR11/SorLA (sLR11), suppresses thermogenesis in adipose tissue in a cell-autonomous manner. Mice lacking LR11 are protected from diet-induced obesity associated with an increased browning of white adipose tissue and hypermetabolism. Treatment of adipocytes with sLR11 inhibits thermogenesis via the bone morphogenetic protein/TGFβ signalling pathway and reduces Smad phosphorylation. In addition, sLR11 levels in humans are shown to positively correlate with body mass index and adiposity. Given the need for tight regulation of a tissue with a high capacity for energy wastage, we propose that LR11 plays an energy conserving role that is exaggerated in states of obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is an important determinant of organismal energy expenditure in mammals. Here, Whittle et al. report that the protein sLR11 is a negative regulator of BAT activity in mice, repressing thermogenesis by inhibiting BMP/Smad signalling in brown adipocytes.
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Circulating soluble LR11, a novel marker of smooth muscle cell proliferation, is enhanced after coronary stenting in response to vascular injury. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:374-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nohara A, Kobayashi J, Kawashiri M, Tada H, Inazu A, Jiang M, Mabuchi H, Bujo H. Clinical significance of measuring soluble LR11, a circulating marker of atherosclerosis and HbA1c in familial hypercholesterolemia. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:1326-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kawaguchi T, Ohwada C, Takeuchi M, Shimizu N, Sakaida E, Takeda Y, Sakai S, Tsukamoto S, Yamazaki A, Sugita Y, Higashi M, Fujikawa K, Matsue K, Yokote K, Tamaru JI, Bujo H, Nakaseko C. Potential utility of serum soluble LR11 as a diagnostic biomarker for intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2391-4. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.880430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Shimizu N, Nakaseko C, Jiang M, Nishii K, Yokote K, Iseki T, Higashi M, Tamaru J, Schneider WJ, Bujo H. G-CSF induces the release of the soluble form of LR11, a regulator of myeloid cell mobilization in bone marrow. Ann Hematol 2014; 93:1111-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kawaguchi T, Ohwada C, Takeuchi M, Shimizu N, Sakaida E, Takeda Y, Sakai S, Tsukamoto S, Yamazaki A, Sugita Y, Jiang M, Higashi M, Yokote K, Tamaru JI, Bujo H, Nakaseko C. LR11: a novel biomarker identified in follicular lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2013; 163:277-80. [PMID: 23848957 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vitreous fluid and circulating levels of soluble lr11, a novel marker for progression of diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 251:2689-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Ogita M, Miyauchi K, Dohi T, Tsuboi S, Miyazaki T, Yokoyama T, Yokoyama K, Shimada K, Kurata T, Jiang M, Bujo H, Daida H. Increased circulating soluble LR11 in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 415:191-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sakai S, Nakaseko C, Takeuchi M, Ohwada C, Shimizu N, Tsukamoto S, Kawaguchi T, Jiang M, Sato Y, Ebinuma H, Yokote K, Iwama A, Fukamachi I, Schneider WJ, Saito Y, Bujo H. Circulating soluble LR11/SorLA levels are highly increased and ameliorated by chemotherapy in acute leukemias. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1542-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Takahashi M, Bujo H, Shiba T, Jiang M, Maeno T, Shirai K. Enhanced circulating soluble LR11 in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2012; 154:187-92. [PMID: 22541650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship of circulating levels of soluble form of LR11 (sLR11; also called SorLA or SORL1), with the progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Fifty-four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 2 sex- and age-matched groups: one with PDR (n = 29) and the other with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 25). The serum sLR11 levels were measured with an immunodetection system followed by chemifluorescence quantification. RESULTS The serum sLR11 levels were higher in the PDR group than in the nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy group (5.8 ± 1.2 U vs 3.7 ± 1.3 U; P < .01). A multivariate regression analysis showed that circulating sLR11 is a factor contributing to the prediction of PDR independent of other classical risk factors, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the sensitivity and the specificity were equivalent to or more than those of other factors. Among the classical risk factors for PDR, glycosylated hemoglobin levels showed the highest correlation coefficient (P < .01) for the sLR11 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Serum sLR11 concentration may reflect the progression of PDR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. sLR11, released from immature vascular cells and indicating the development of atherosclerosis, is expected to be a novel candidate biomarker indicating diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Takahashi
- Cardiovascular Center, Sakura Hospital Medical Center, Toho University, Chiba, Japan.
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Reitz C. Evidence for an effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in SORL1 on cerebrospinal fluid markers of Alzheimer’s disease. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of: Alexopoulos P, Guo LH, Kratzer M, Westerteicher C, Kurz A, Perneczky R. Impact of SORL1 single nucleotide polymorphisms on Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid markers. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 32, 164–170 (2011). This study explores the effect of previously reported SORL1 variants on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ1–42, phosphorylated tau181 and total tau in 100 nondemented people, 166 people with mild cognitive impairment and 87 people with probable Alzheimer’s disease. In individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, the A allele of single nucleotide polymorphism 23 and the T allele of single nucleotide polymorphism 24 were associated with lower CSF Aβ1–42, the latter association becoming marginally insignificant after correction for multiple testing. Both associations showed an interaction with the APOE genotype. There were no significant associations of SORL1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with CSF Aβ1–42 levels in the mild cognitive impairment group or with phosphorylated tau181 or total tau in any of the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Reitz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease & the Aging Brain, NY, USA and Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, 630 West 168th Street, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA and The Department of Neurology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sortilins are sorting receptors that direct proteins through secretory and endocytic pathways of the cell. Previously, these receptors have been shown to play important roles in regulating protein transport in neurons and to control neuronal viability and death in many diseases of the nervous system. Recent data, including genome-wide association studies, now suggest equally important functions for sortilins in control of systemic lipoprotein metabolism and risk of cardiovascular disease. This review discusses the evidence implicating two members of this gene family, sortilin and SORLA, in cardiovascular processes. RECENT FINDINGS SORLA is a multifunctional receptor expressed in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. It may act proatherogenic by promoting intimal SMC migration and by regulating apolipoprotein A-V dependent activation of lipoprotein lipase to modulate systemic triglyceride levels. Sortilin, encoded by the cardiovascular risk locus 1p13.3, is a novel regulator of hepatic lipoprotein production. It interacts with apolipoprotein B-100 to control release of very low-density lipoproteins, thereby affecting plasma cholesterol concentrations. SUMMARY Recent data shed light on the importance of sorting receptors in control of cellular and systemic lipoprotein metabolism and how altered trafficking pathways may represent a major risk factor for dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in the human population.
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