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Sahni S, Dufour AB, Wang N, Kiel DP, Hannan MT, Jacques PF, Benjamin EJ, Vasan RS, Murabito JM, Newman AB, Fielding RA, Mitchell GF, Hamburg NM. Association of Vascular Health Measures and Physical Function: A Prospective Analysis in the Framingham Heart Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1189-1197. [PMID: 37183502 PMCID: PMC10329234 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction in blood vessel dynamics may contribute to changes in muscle measures. Therefore, we examined associations of vascular health measures with grip strength and gait speed in adults from the Framingham Heart Study. METHODS The cross-sectional study (1998-2001) included participants with 1 measure of grip strength (kg, dynamometer) or gait speed (4-m walk, m/s) and at least 1 measure of aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, brachial pulse pressure, and brachial flow pulsatility index) or brachial artery structure and function (resting flow velocity, resting brachial artery diameter, flow-mediated dilation %, hyperemic brachial blood flow velocity, and mean arterial pressure [MAP]) assessed by tonometry and brachial artery ultrasound. The longitudinal study included participants with ≥1 follow-up measurement of gait speed or grip strength. Multivariable linear regression estimated the association of 1 standard deviation (SD) higher level of each vascular measure with annualized percent change in grip strength and gait speed, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses (n = 2 498, age 61 ± 10 years; 56% women), higher resting brachial artery diameter (β ± standard error [SE] per 1 SD: 0.59 ± 0.24, p = .01) and MAP (β ± SE: 0.39 ± 0.17, p = .02) were associated with higher grip strength. Higher brachial pulse pressure (β ± SE: -0.02 ± 0.01, p = .07) was marginally associated with slower gait speed. In longitudinal analyses (n = 2 157), higher brachial pulse pressure (β ± SE: -0.19 ± 0.07, p = .005), was associated with slowing of gait speed but not with grip strength. CONCLUSIONS Higher brachial artery pulse pressure (measure of aortic stiffness) was associated with loss of physical function over ~11 years, although we found no evidence that microvascular function contributed to the relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sahni
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute of Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alyssa B Dufour
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute of Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Na Wang
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute of Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marian T Hannan
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute of Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Anne B Newman
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary F Mitchell
- Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Maruhashi T, Kajikawa M, Kishimoto S, Takaeko Y, Yamaji T, Harada T, Hashimoto Y, Han Y, Aibara Y, Mohamad Yusoff F, Chayama K, Nakashima A, Goto C, Nakano Y, Higashi Y. Volume Elastic Modulus, Vascular Function, and Vascular Structure in Patients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:963-973. [PMID: 33100278 PMCID: PMC8532062 DOI: 10.5551/jat.59261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims:
Volume elastic modulus (V
E
), an index of arterial elasticity, and arterial diameter of the brachial artery can be automatically measured by a newly developed oscillometric device. We investigated the associations of V
E
with flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), an index of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID), an index of endothelium-independent vasodilation, and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the brachial artery and association of oscillometrically measured brachial artery diameter with ultrasonographically measured brachial artery diameter in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods:
Oscillometric measurements of V
E
and brachial artery diameter and ultrasound measurements of brachial artery diameter, FMD, NID, and IMT of the brachial artery were performed in 50 patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
Results: The mean values were 2.1±0.4 mmHg/% for V
E
, 0.31±0.05 mm for brachial IMT, 4.48±0.70 mm for oscillometric brachial artery diameter, and 4.30±0.55 mm for ultrasound brachial artery diameter. V
E
significantly correlated with brachial IMT (r=0.51,
P
<0.001), whereas there was no significant correlation of V
E
with FMD (r=-0.08,
P
=0.58) or NID (r=0.07,
P
=0.61). Multivariate analysis revealed that V
E
was significantly associated with brachial IMT (β=0.33,
P
=0.04). Oscillometric brachial artery diameter significantly correlated with ultrasound brachial artery diameter (r=0.79,
P
<0.001). The Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between oscillometric brachial artery diameter and ultrasound brachial artery diameter (mean difference, -0.17 mm; limits of agreement, -1.03 mm to 0.69 mm).
Conclusions:
In patients with cardiovascular risk factors, V
E
may represent atherosclerotic structural alterations of the vascular wall but not vascular function. The accuracy of oscillometric measurement of brachial artery diameter is acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
| | - Yuji Takaeko
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takayuki Yamaji
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Takahiro Harada
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yu Hashimoto
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yiming Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
| | - Yoshiki Aibara
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Chikara Goto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of General Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University.,Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital
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3
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Maruhashi T, Soga J, Fujimura N, Idei N, Mikami S, Iwamoto Y, Iwamoto A, Kajikawa M, Matsumoto T, Oda N, Kishimoto S, Matsui S, Hashimoto H, Aibara Y, Yusoff FM, Hidaka T, Kihara Y, Chayama K, Noma K, Nakashima A, Goto C, Tomiyama H, Takase B, Kohro T, Suzuki T, Ishizu T, Ueda S, Yamazaki T, Furumoto T, Kario K, Inoue T, Koba S, Watanabe K, Takemoto Y, Hano T, Sata M, Ishibashi Y, Node K, Maemura K, Ohya Y, Furukawa T, Ito H, Ikeda H, Yamashina A, Higashi Y. Brachial artery diameter as a marker for cardiovascular risk assessment: FMD-J study. Atherosclerosis 2017; 268:92-98. [PMID: 29195110 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Baseline brachial artery (BBA) diameter has been reported to be a potential confounding factor of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between BBA diameter and cardiovascular risk factors and compare the diagnostic accuracy of BBA diameter in subjects without cardiovascular risk factors and patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) with that of FMD. METHODS We measured BBA diameter and FMD in 5695 male subjects. In addition, we retrospectively investigated the incidence of cardiovascular events using another population sample consisting of 440 male subjects, to compare the accuracy of BBA diameter with that of FMD in predicting cardiovascular events. RESULTS BBA diameter and FMD significantly correlated with age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose as well as Framingham risk score. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and CVD increased with the increase in BBA diameter and FMD. Area under the curve (AUC) value of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for BBA diameter to diagnose subjects without cardiovascular risk factors (0.59 vs. 0.62, p = 0.001) or patients with CVD (0.58 vs. 0.64, p < 0.001) was significantly lower than that for FMD. In the retrospective study, the AUC value of the ROC curve for BBA diameter to predict first major cardiovascular events was significantly lower than that of FMD (0.50 vs. 0.62, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS In men, BBA diameter was inferior to FMD for assessment of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Soga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noritaka Fujimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naomi Idei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mikami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Iwamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akimichi Iwamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nozomu Oda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Haruki Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Aibara
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hidaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kensuke Noma
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chikara Goto
- Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Bonpei Takase
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tomoko Ishizu
- Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of the Ryukyu School of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yamazaki
- Clinical Research Support Center, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Furumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Teruo Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shinji Koba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology (DNHMED), Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Takemoto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuzo Hano
- Department of Medical Education and Population-based Medicine, Postgraduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ishibashi
- Department of General Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohya
- The Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Taiji Furukawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hisao Ikeda
- Faculty of Fukuoka Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Omuta, Japan
| | - Akira Yamashina
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
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4
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Montalcini T, Gorgone G, Gazzaruso C, Pujia A. Concomitant carotid plaque development and brachial artery diameter enlargement: a retrospective, recall-based study in postmenopausal women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:765-770. [PMID: 22748603 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To verify if the carotid plaque development is concomitant to brachial artery diameter enlargement, in healthy postmenopausal women. METHODS AND RESULTS This is a retrospective, recall study. We enrolled 40 postmenopausal women, selected from a database for the period 2000-2008, not affected by subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and without risk factors for cardiovascular disease. At the recall visit, carotid and brachial duplex scan was again obtained. The incidence of plaque was 30% after a mean follow-up period of 60 months. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between subjects developing carotid atherosclerosis and subjects who did not, except for the brachial diameter change, follow-up and heart rate. The logistic-regression analysis confirmed that only brachial diameter change resulted to be correlated with the development of carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Brachial artery diameter increase is concomitant to carotid plaque development. Vascular enlargement could not be a focal change but a systemic process associated with atherosclerotic plaque development. Brachial diameter could be a tool with a predictive significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Montalcini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
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5
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Ferro Y, Gazzaruso C, Coppola A, Romeo S, Migliaccio V, Giustina A, Pujia A, Montalcini T. Fat utilization and arterial hypertension in overweight/obese subjects. J Transl Med 2013; 11:159. [PMID: 23815947 PMCID: PMC3708740 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Respiratory Quotient is a parameter reflecting the utilization of the nutrients by a subject. It is associated with an high rate of subsequent weight gain and with the atherosclerosis. Subjects tending to burn less fat have an increased Respiratory Quotient. Aim of this study was to investigate on the relationship between the Respiratory Quotient and the cardiovascular risk factors. Methods In this cross-sectional study we enrolled 223 individuals of both sexes aged 45–75 ys that were weight stable, receiving a balanced diet, and not affected by debilitating disease or cardiovascular disease. The Respiratory Quotient was measured by Indirect Calorimetry. The measurement of the Blood Pressure was obtained by a mercury sphygmomanometer. Results We enrolled 133 female and 90 male. Systolic blood pressure only was positively correlated to the Respiratory Quotient in univariate and multivariate regression analysis (p=0,017). The prevalence of hypertension was significatively different between the quartiles of the Respiratory Quotient, with the highest prevalence in the IV quartile (p=0,024). Conclusion High value of the Respiratory Quotient, an index of nutrients utilization, is associated to an high prevalence of Hypertension. It is possible that in the subjects with high Respiratory Quotient and high body mass index, the activation of the renin angiotensin system, in concert to the reduction of the utilization of the endogenous fat stores, could increase the risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvelise Ferro
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Viale S, Venuta, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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6
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Otsuka T, Munakata R, Kato K, Kodani E, Ibuki C, Kusama Y, Seino Y, Kawada T. Oscillometric measurement of brachial artery cross-sectional area and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors and arterial stiffness in a middle-aged male population. Hypertens Res 2013; 36:910-5. [PMID: 23784508 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
An enlarged arterial diameter is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. This study examined the relationship of noninvasively measured brachial artery cross-sectional area with cardiovascular risk factors and arterial stiffness in a middle-aged male population. Absolute volumetric changes of the brachial artery were measured with a newly developed oscillometric method during a general health examination in 387 men (mean age: 38±9 years) without known cardiovascular disease. Based on the measurement, the estimated area (eA) of the brachial artery at end-diastole was obtained. Brachial artery volume elastic modulus (VE) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were simultaneously measured as indices of arterial stiffness by the same device. The relationships of eA with cardiovascular risk factors, including age, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose/diabetes mellitus (IFG/DM), hyperuricemia, smoking and their associated continuous variables, as well as VE and baPWV, were examined. Overall, the mean eA was 12.9 ± 2.9 mm². The eA was significantly higher in subjects with obesity, hypertension or IFG/DM than in those without each of these risk factors. In a multiple linear regression analysis, body mass index (β=0.31, P<0.001), age (β=0.25, P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (β=0.16, P=0.004) and pulse rate (β=-0.13, P=0.005) were independent determinants of eA. In contrast, neither VE nor baPWV were selected as independent determinants of eA. In conclusion, enlarged brachial artery cross-sectional area was significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as age, body mass index and systolic blood pressure, but it was not associated with increased arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Otsuka
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Montalcini T, Gorgone G, Gazzaruso C, Romeo S, Bosco D, Pujia A. Brachial artery diameter measurement: a tool to simplify non-invasive vascular assessment. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:8-13. [PMID: 22176922 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The mechanisms of vascular remodeling have attracted great interest since it is a phenomenon related to cardiovascular diseases. We would like to examine studies that contributed to clarify the remodeling mechanisms, to explore the different faces of atherosclerosis process. DATA SYNTHESIS A number of invasive and non-invasive vascular assessment methods were developed, to detect the early sign of atherosclerosis. It became clear that the invasive tests were not applicable to large-scale studies. Consequently, a non-invasive test was developed. Studies showed that the endothelial function evaluation is a predictor of future cardiac events in individuals at cardiovascular risk and in those with established disease. However, analyzing several works, an interesting concept emerged, i.e., the inverse relation between endothelium-dependent dilation and vessel size, since large vessel tend not to dilate significantly. This notion emphasized the role of basal diameter on vascular response. In particular, as brachial artery diameter is the measure on which FMD is based, it could add more information in clinical evaluation, simplifying the assessment. Several studies showed that morphological change of brachial artery is a better indicator of the extent of coronary disease rather than FMD. Other studies showed that brachial diameter has predictive significance in the stratification of cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSION Brachial diameter is a useful and simple tool. It should be incorporated into the overall assessment of cardiovascular risk but further studies are warranted to determine the final place of brachial diameter assessment in routine clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Montalcini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical and Exp. Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
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8
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Montalcini T, Gorgone G, Garzaniti A, Gazzaruso C, Pujia A. Artery remodeling and abdominal adiposity in nonobese postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:1022-4. [PMID: 20628404 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess, in nonobese postmenopausal women, whether markers of central adiposity, especially waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), would be associated with vascular remodeling. SUBJECT/METHODS We enrolled 263 postmenopausal nonobese women without metabolic syndrome or diabetes. The strongest anthropometric measure related to brachial artery diameter (BAD) was WHR. Therefore, we divided the population in tertiles according to WHR values. Women in third tertiles were older, with higher body mass index, had worse lipid profile and a higher BAD than women in the first and second tertiles. RESULTS An analysis of covariance confirmed that BAD was increased with increasing tertiles after correction for confounding variables. CONCLUSION BAD, a surrogate measure of cardiovascular disease, was correlated to WHR in nonobese population; therefore, nonobese women with high WHR should be carefully considered because of a possible worse cardiovascular risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Montalcini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medical School, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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