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Role of smooth muscle progenitor cells in vascular mechanical injury and repair. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Kudinov AE, Karanicolas J, Golemis EA, Boumber Y. Musashi RNA-Binding Proteins as Cancer Drivers and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2143-2153. [PMID: 28143872 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant gene expression that drives human cancer can arise from epigenetic dysregulation. Although much attention has focused on altered activity of transcription factors and chromatin-modulating proteins, proteins that act posttranscriptionally can potently affect expression of oncogenic signaling proteins. The RNA-binding proteins (RBP) Musashi-1 (MSI1) and Musashi-2 (MSI2) are emerging as regulators of multiple critical biological processes relevant to cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Following identification of Musashi as a regulator of progenitor cell identity in Drosophila, the human Musashi proteins were initially linked to control of maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, then stem cell compartments for additional cell types. More recently, the Musashi proteins were found to be overexpressed and prognostic of outcome in numerous cancer types, including colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers; glioblastoma; and several leukemias. MSI1 and MSI2 bind and regulate the mRNA stability and translation of proteins operating in essential oncogenic signaling pathways, including NUMB/Notch, PTEN/mTOR, TGFβ/SMAD3, MYC, cMET, and others. On the basis of these activities, MSI proteins maintain cancer stem cell populations and regulate cancer invasion, metastasis, and development of more aggressive cancer phenotypes, including drug resistance. Although RBPs are viewed as difficult therapeutic targets, initial efforts to develop MSI-specific inhibitors are promising, and RNA interference-based approaches to inhibiting these proteins have had promising outcomes in preclinical studies. In the interim, understanding the function of these translational regulators may yield insight into the relationship between mRNA expression and protein expression in tumors, guiding tumor-profiling analysis. This review provides a current overview of Musashi as a cancer driver and novel therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2143-53. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Kudinov
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Sipos F, Constantinovits M, Valcz G, Tulassay Z, Műzes G. Association of hepatocyte-derived growth factor receptor/caudal type homeobox 2 co-expression with mucosal regeneration in active ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8569-8579. [PMID: 26229399 PMCID: PMC4515838 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i28.8569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To characterize the regeneration-associated stem cell-related phenotype of hepatocyte-derived growth factor receptor (HGFR)-expressing cells in active ulcerative colitis (UC).
METHODS: On the whole 38 peripheral blood samples and 38 colonic biopsy samples from 18 patients with histologically proven active UC and 20 healthy control subjects were collected. After preparing tissue microarrays and blood smears HGFR, caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2), prominin-1 (CD133) and Musashi-1 conventional and double fluorescent immunolabelings were performed. Immunostained samples were digitalized using high-resolution Mirax Desk instrument, and analyzed with the Mirax TMA Module software. For semiquantitative counting of immunopositive lamina propria (LP) cells 5 fields of view were counted at magnification × 200 in each sample core, then mean ± SD were determined. In case of peripheral blood smears, 30 fields of view with 100 μm diameter were evaluated in every sample and the number of immunopositive cells (mean ± SD) was determined. Using 337 nm UVA Laser MicroDissection system at least 5000 subepithelial cells from the lamina propria were collected. Gene expression analysis of HGFR, CDX2, CD133, leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), Musashi-1 and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) were performed in both laser-microdisscted samples and blood samples by using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
RESULTS: By performing conventional and double fluorescent immunolabelings confirmed by RT-PCR, higher number of HGFR (blood: 6.7 ± 1.22 vs 38.5 ± 3.18; LP: 2.25 ± 0.85 vs 9.22 ± 0.65; P < 0.05), CDX2 (blood: 0 vs 0.94 ± 0.64; LP: 0.75 ± 0.55 vs 2.11 ± 0.75; P < 0.05), CD133 (blood: 1.1 ± 0.72 vs 8.3 ± 1.08; LP: 11.1 ± 0.85 vs 26.28 ± 1.71; P < 0.05) and Musashi-1 (blood and LP: 0 vs scattered) positive cells were detected in blood and lamina propria of UC samples as compared to controls. HGFR/CDX2 (blood: 0 vs 1 ± 0.59; LP: 0.8 ± 0.69 vs 2.06 ± 0.72, P < 0.05) and Musashi-1/CDX2 (blood and LP: 0 vs scattered) co-expressions were found in blood and lamina propria of UC samples. HGFR/CD133 and CD133/CDX2 co-expressions appeared only in UC lamina propria samples. CDX2, Lgr5 and Musashi-1 expressions in UC blood samples were not accompanied by CK20 mRNA expression.
CONCLUSION: In active UC, a portion of circulating HGFR-expressing cells are committed to the epithelial lineage, and may participate in mucosal regeneration by undergoing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition.
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Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN, Chistiakov DA. Vascular stem/progenitor cells: current status of the problem. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:1-7. [PMID: 26169302 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells residing in the vascular wall of post-natal vessels play a crucial role in angiogenesis and vascular regeneration after damage. There are four major populations of vascular-resident stem/progenitor cells with differentiated clonogenic and proliferative potential, namely mesenchymal stem cells, pericytes, endothelial progenitor cells, and smooth muscle progenitor cells. These progenitors reside in vascular stem cell niches, which are more likely to be in the adventitia, a vascular wall layer in which increased concentration of stem cell surface markers has been shown. Indeed, vascular resident progenitors are not uniformly distributed across the vessel wall and the circulatory system. The heterogeneity of such a distribution could contribute to the differentiated susceptibility of various vessel regions to chronic vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In cardiovascular pathology, adult vascular resident progenitors could play either a negative or a positive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Bobryshev
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 143025, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dimitry A Chistiakov
- The Mount Sinai Community Clinical Oncology Program, Mount Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, 33140, USA
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Sipos F, Műzes G. Injury-associated reacquiring of intestinal stem cell function. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2005-2010. [PMID: 25717233 PMCID: PMC4326135 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i7.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial layer of the intestine relies upon stem cells for maintaining homeostasis and regeneration. Two types of stem cells are currently defined in intestinal crypts: the cycling crypt base columnar cells and quiescent cells. Though several candidate markers and regulators of rapidly cycling and quiescent stem cells have been identified so far, the exact nature of quiescent cells is still questionable since investigations mainly focused on candidate markers rather than the label-retaining population itself. Recent results, however, have strengthened the argument for functional plasticity. Using a lineage tracing strategy label-retaining cells (LRCs) of the intestinal epithelium were marked, then followed by a pulse-chase analysis it was found that during homeostasis, LRCs were Lgr5-positive and were destined to become Paneth and neuroendocrine cells. Nevertheless, it was demonstrated that LRCs are capable of clonogenic growth by recall to the self-renewing pool of stem cells in case of epithelial injury. These new findings highlight on the hierarchical and spatial organization of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the important plasticity of progenitors during tissue regeneration, moreover, provide a motivation for studying their role in disorders like colorectal cancer.
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Gao C, Han C, Yu Q, Guan Y, Li N, Zhou J, Tian Y, Zhang Y. Downregulation of Msi1 suppresses the growth of human colon cancer by targeting p21cip1. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:732-40. [PMID: 25394506 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Musashi1 (Msi1), a member of the RNA-binding protein (RBP) family, is highly expressed in neural progenitor or stem cells for the maintenance of stemness as well as in various cancers. Emerging studies have demonstrated that it regulates cell processes by translational activation or suppresses specifically bound mRNA. In the present study, we initially reported remarkably increased expression of Msi1 in colon cancer tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Knockdown of Msi1 significantly suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, tumorsphere formation and the progression of implanted colon cancers, and induced cell cycle attest at G0/G1 phase, along with the upregulated expression of p21(cip1). Reporter assays using a chimeric mRNA that combined luciferase and the 3'-UTR of p21(cip1) revealed that Msi1 decreased the reporter activity through the specific motif. Thus, the current results suggested that downregulation of Msi1 could inhibit the growth of colon cancers and Msi1 may be a promising therapeutic target molecule for human colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Chun Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Qiyao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yanming Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Bobryshev YV, Killingsworth MC, Orekhov AN. Increased shedding of microvesicles from intimal smooth muscle cells in athero-prone areas of the human aorta: implications for understanding of the predisease stage. Pathobiology 2012; 80:24-31. [PMID: 22832241 DOI: 10.1159/000339430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated whether a change in the content of matrix microvesicles might occur at the preatherosclerotic stage. METHODS Applying quantitative electron microscopic and immunohistochemical analyses, two areas of grossly normal segments of the thoracic aorta were compared: atherosclerosis-prone (AP) areas, situated at the dorsal aspect of the aorta along the rows of intercostal branch origins, and atherosclerosis-resistant (AR) areas, situated at the corresponding sites of the ventral aspect of the aorta. RESULTS The electron microscopic analysis showed that there were 1.4 times more microvesicles in AP areas than AR areas (p = 0.019). It was found that matrix microvesicles originated as a result of blebbing and shedding of surface membranes of smooth muscle cells. A quantitative analysis of the expression of ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), which is known to be involved in membrane trafficking and microvesicle formation, showed that ARF6 expression was 1.3 times higher in AP areas than that in AR areas (p = 0.006). There was a positive correlation between the content of matrix microparticles and the expression of ARF6 by intimal smooth muscle cells (r = 0.61; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The present study supports the concept that alterations of the arterial intima occur at the predisease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Merkulova-Rainon T, Broquères-You D, Kubis N, Silvestre JS, Lévy BI. Towards the therapeutic use of vascular smooth muscle progenitor cells. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:205-14. [PMID: 22354897 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of alternative proangiogenic and revascularization processes, including recombinant protein delivery, gene therapy, and cell therapy, hold the promise of greater efficacy in the management of cardiovascular disease in the coming years. In particular, vascular progenitor cell-based strategies have emerged as an efficient treatment approach to promote vessel formation and repair and to improve tissue perfusion. During the past decade, considerable progress has been achieved in understanding therapeutic properties of endothelial progenitor cells, while the therapeutic potential of vascular smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPC) has only recently been explored; the number of the circulating SMPC being correlated with cardiovascular health. Several endogenous SMPC populations with varying phenotypes have been identified and characterized in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and vascular wall. While the phenotypic entity of vascular SMPC is not fully defined and remains an evolving area of research, SMPC are increasingly recognized to play a special role in cardiovascular biology. In this review, we describe the current approaches used to define vascular SMPC. We further summarize the data on phenotype and functional properties of SMPC from various sources in adults. Finally, we discuss the role of SMPC in cardiovascular disease, including the contribution of SMPC to intimal proliferation, angiogenesis, and atherosclerotic plaque instability as well as the benefits resulting from the therapeutic use of SMPC.
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