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Panasenko OM, Vladimirov YA, Sergienko VI. Free Radical Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Reactive Halogen Species. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S148-S179. [PMID: 38621749 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The review is devoted to the mechanisms of free radical lipid peroxidation (LPO) initiated by reactive halogen species (RHS) produced in mammals, including humans, by heme peroxidase enzymes, primarily myeloperoxidase (MPO). It has been shown that RHS can participate in LPO both in the initiation and branching steps of the LPO chain reactions. The initiation step of RHS-induced LPO mainly involves formation of free radicals in the reactions of RHS with nitrite and/or with amino groups of phosphatidylethanolamine or Lys. The branching step of the oxidative chain is the reaction of RHS with lipid hydroperoxides, in which peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals are formed. The role of RHS-induced LPO in the development of human inflammatory diseases (cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis) is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg M Panasenko
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yury A Vladimirov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery I Sergienko
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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Tarar BI, Knox A, Dean CA, Brown EC. Resistance training responses across race and ethnicity: a narrative review. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2023; 28:1221-1237. [PMID: 37183720 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2023.2212147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the physiological mechanisms are not fully understood, race/ethnicity differences vary across cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Resistance training (RT) is an effective therapy for improving these risk factors in addition to body composition and physical performance. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of RT over time on different racial and ethnic populations across cardiometabolic, body composition, and physical performance outcomes. DESIGN Electronic databases Scopus and PubMed were searched for studies that compared different racial/ethnic responses to RT across cardiometabolic, body composition, and physical performance parameters. Inclusion criteria for the studies were as follows: (1) published in the English language; (2) compared races or ethnicities across cardiometabolic risk factors, body composition, or physical performance variables following a RT intervention; (3) included adults 18 years or older, and (4) included an isolated RT intervention group. RESULTS Nine studies were found that met the inclusion criteria. The identified studies involved cohorts of White American (WA), South Asian, European Chilean, Mapuche Chilean, White Scottish, and African American (AA) males and females. Race/ethnicity differences following a RT intervention were found for fat-free mass preservation and changes in blood pressure, endothelial function, brachial artery stiffness, cardiac autonomic function, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, insulin sensitivity, body mass index, waist circumference, % body fat, and muscular strength. With the exception of changes in systolic blood pressure and brachial artery stiffness, AAs consistently showed more beneficial adaptations compared to WAs to RT across studies. CONCLUSION Race and ethnicity play a role in how adults adapt to chronic RT. These data may aid in better understanding the social, biological, and environmental factors that likely influenced these racial/ethnic differences in response to RT, assist in creating tailored exercise prescriptions for various racial/ethnic populations, and inform policies for determining resource allocations to address health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ihsan Tarar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Allan Knox
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Arts and Sciences, California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Caress Alithia Dean
- Department of Public and Environmental Wellness, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Elise Catherine Brown
- Department of Public and Environmental Wellness, School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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Arinze N, Ravid JD, Yamkovoy K, Idrees N, Diamond M, Pillai R, Ryan T, Lotfollahzadeh S, Weinberg J, Fillmore NR, Farber A, Vilvendhan R, Francis J, Chitalia V. Prevalence of Central Venous Stenosis among Black and White ESKD Patients with Dysfunctional Dialysis Access. JOURNAL OF HEALTH DISPARITIES RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 16:71-89. [PMID: 38585426 PMCID: PMC10997377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In the United States, significant racial and ethnic disparities exist in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its management. Hemodialysis constitutes the main stay of renal replacement therapy for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), which is initiated using central venous catheters (CVC) in most CKD patients in the United States. Black ESKD patients have higher usage and greater time on CVC for hemodialysis compared to White patients. This trend places Black patients at a potentially higher risk for CVC-related complications such as central venous stenosis (CVS). We posited that Black patients would have a higher prevalence and a greater risk of CVS. A retrospective review was performed of ESKD patients who underwent a fistulogram for dialysis access malfunction. CVS was defined as > 50% stenosis in the central veins. Fistulograms of 428 ESKD patients were adjudicated, and CVS was noted in 167 of these patients. Of the entire cohort, 370 fistulograms belonged to self-reported unique Black and White ESKD patients, of whom 137 patients were noted to have CVS. There was no difference in the of CVS between Black (40%) and White (41%) ESKD patients. However, a higher severity of stenosis (>70%) (P = 0.03) was noted in White ESKD patients. An unadjusted model showed a significant association between CVS and cardiovascular disease and the use of CVCs. The risk-adjusted model showed a significant association between diabetes and CVS. Unlike arterial stenotic lesions, this work for the first time demonstrated higher prevalence of severe venous stenotic lesions in White ESKD patients and linked diabetes to stenotic venous disease. This work paves the way for future studies investigating the risk and influence of race and ethnicity on CVS using a larger and diverse data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkiruka Arinze
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Ravid
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, 44195
| | - Kristina Yamkovoy
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Najia Idrees
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mathew Diamond
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Rohit Pillai
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, 44195
| | - Tyler Ryan
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, 44195
| | - Saran Lotfollahzadeh
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Janice Weinberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118; Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Alik Farber
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Rajendran Vilvendhan
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jean Francis
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Vipul Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston Veterans Affairs Hospital, Boston, MA
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139 USA
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Ramachandra CJA, Ja KPMM, Chua J, Cong S, Shim W, Hausenloy DJ. Myeloperoxidase As a Multifaceted Target for Cardiovascular Protection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1135-1149. [PMID: 31847538 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme peroxidase that is primarily expressed by neutrophils. It has the capacity to generate several reactive species, essential for its inherent antimicrobial activity and innate host defense. Dysregulated MPO release, however, can lead to tissue damage, as seen in several diseases. Increased MPO levels in circulation are therefore widely associated with conditions of increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent Advances: Several studies have shown a strong correlation between MPO and cardiovascular disease (CVD), through which elevated levels of circulating MPO are linked to poor prognosis with increased risk of CVD-related mortality. Accordingly, circulating MPO is considered a "high-risk" biomarker for patients with acute coronary syndrome, atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, and stroke, thereby implicating MPO as a multifaceted target for cardiovascular protection. Consistently, recent studies that target MPO in animal models of CVD have demonstrated favorable outcomes with regard to disease progression. Critical Issues: Although most of these studies have established a critical link between circulating MPO and worsening cardiac outcomes, the mechanisms by which MPO exerts its detrimental effects in CVD remain unclear. Future Directions: Elucidating the mechanisms by which elevated MPO leads to poor prognosis and, conversely, investigating the beneficial effects of therapeutic MPO inhibition on alleviating disease phenotype will facilitate future MPO-targeted clinical trials for improving CVD-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan J A Ramachandra
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K P Myu Mai Ja
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasper Chua
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuo Cong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Winston Shim
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Panasenko OM, Torkhovskaya TI, Gorudko IV, Sokolov AV. The Role of Halogenative Stress in Atherogenic Modification of Low-Density Lipoproteins. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:S34-S55. [PMID: 32087053 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920140035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses formation of reactive halogen species (RHS) catalyzed by myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme mostly present in leukocytes. An imbalance between the RHS production and body's ability to remove or neutralize them leads to the development of halogenative stress. RHS reactions with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and antioxidants in the content of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) of the human blood are described. MPO binds site-specifically to the LDL surface and modifies LDL properties and structural organization, which leads to the LDL conversion into proatherogenic forms captured by monocytes/macrophages, which causes accumulation of cholesterol and its esters in these cells and their transformation into foam cells, the basis of atherosclerotic plaques. The review describes the biomarkers of MPO enzymatic activity and halogenative stress, as well as the involvement of the latter in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Panasenko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - T I Torkhovskaya
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia.,Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121, Russia
| | - I V Gorudko
- Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220030, Belarus
| | - A V Sokolov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia. .,Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia
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Vora A, de Lemos JA, Ayers C, Grodin JL, Lingvay I. Association of Galectin-3 With Diabetes Mellitus in the Dallas Heart Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4449-4458. [PMID: 31162551 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Galectin-3 is a biomarker associated with inflammation and fibrosis in cardiac, liver, and renal disease. Galectin-3 is higher in overweight and obese individuals; whether an association with diabetes exists independent of weight is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if galectin-3 is associated with diabetes mellitus. DESIGN We performed measurements of galectin-3 among participants in the Dallas Heart Study (DHS) Phases 1 and 2 (DHS-1 and DHS-2; n = 3392, and n = 3194, respectively). Of these, 1989 participants were evaluated longitudinally in both studies. Associations of galectin-3 with prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes were determined using logistic regression models. Associations of galectin-3 with relevant biomarkers and fat compartments were evaluated using Spearman correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models, respectively. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS DHS is a population-based, single-site, multiethnic study conducted in Dallas County, Texas, with oversampling to comprise 50% blacks. RESULTS Galectin-3 levels were associated with diabetes prevalence in DHS-1 [OR 1.56 per SD change in log-galectin (95% CI 1.41 to 1.73)] and DHS-2 [OR 1.86 (95% CI 1.67 to 2.06)]. Galectin-3 levels in DHS-1 also associated with incident diabetes mellitus over the 7.1 (interquartile range 6.6 to 7.6)-year follow-up period [OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.58)]. These associations maintained significance in models adjusted for traditional metabolic risk factors (age, sex, race, body mass index, and hypertension) and renal function. Galectin-3 levels correlated with levels of biomarkers implicated in inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive peptide, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, soluble TNF receptor 1A, myeloperoxidase), insulin secretion (C-peptide and C-peptide/homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), and subcutaneous adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Galectin-3 is associated with diabetes prevalence and incidence, possibly through the inflammatory pathway contributing to β-cell fibrosis and impaired insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Vora
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas
| | - James A de Lemos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas
| | - Colby Ayers
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas
| | - Justin L Grodin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas
| | - Ildiko Lingvay
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas
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Ndrepepa G. Myeloperoxidase - A bridge linking inflammation and oxidative stress with cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:36-51. [PMID: 30797769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a member of the superfamily of heme peroxidases that is mainly expressed in neutrophils and monocytes. MPO-derived reactive species play a key role in neutrophil antimicrobial activity and human defense against various pathogens primarily by participating in phagocytosis. Elevated MPO levels in circulation are associated with inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Multiple lines of evidence suggest an association between MPO and cardiovascular disease (CVD) including coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arterial hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-related injury, stroke, cardiac arrhythmia and venous thrombosis. Elevated MPO levels are associated with a poor prognosis including increased risk for overall and CVD-related mortality. Elevated MPO may signify an increased risk for CVD for at least 2 reasons. First, low-grade inflammation and increased oxidative stress coexist with many metabolic abnormalities and comorbidities and consequently an elevated MPO level may represent an increased cardiometabolic risk in general. Second, MPO produces a large number of highly reactive species which can attack, destroy or modify the function of every known cellular component. The most common MPO actions relevant to CVD are generation of dysfunctional lipoproteins with an increased atherogenicity potential, reduced NO availability, endothelial dysfunction, impaired vasoreactivity and atherosclerotic plaque instability. These actions strongly suggest that MPO is directly involved in the pathophysiology of CVD. In this regard MPO may be seen as a mediator or an instrument through which inflammation promotes CVD at molecular and cellular level. Clinical value of MPO therapeutic inhibition remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjin Ndrepepa
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany.
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8
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Charles-Schoeman C, Yin Lee Y, Shahbazian A, Wang X, Elashoff D, Curtis JR, Navarro-Millán I, Yang S, Chen L, Cofield SS, Moreland LW, Paulus H, O'Dell J, Bathon J, Louis Bridges S, Reddy ST. Improvement of High-Density Lipoprotein Function in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Methotrexate Monotherapy or Combination Therapies in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:46-57. [PMID: 27483410 DOI: 10.1002/art.39833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormal function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has been implicated as a potential mechanism for the increased incidence of cardiovascular (CV) disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to evaluate changes in HDL function and HDL-associated proteins over 2 years of follow-up in patients with early RA receiving either methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy, MTX + etanercept (ETN) combination therapy, or MTX + sulfasalazine (SSZ) + hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) triple therapy in the Treatment of Early Aggressive Rheumatoid Arthritis (TEAR) trial. METHODS The antioxidant capacity of HDL, paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) activity, and levels of HDL-associated haptoglobin (Hp), HDL-associated apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured in 550 TEAR participants at 4 time points (time 0 [pretreatment] and at 24, 48, and 102 weeks of treatment). Repeated-measures analysis using mixed-effects linear models with an autoregressive covariate structure was performed to model the within-subject covariance over time. RESULTS Mixed-effects models, which were controlled for traditional CV risk factors, treatment regimen, prednisone use, and statin use, demonstrated significant associations between RA disease activity, measured using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or C-reactive protein level, and the profile of HDL function over time. Specifically, decreases in RA disease activity over time were associated with increases in PON-1 activity and levels of HDL-associated Apo A-I, and decreases in the HDL inflammatory index and levels of MPO and HDL-associated Hp. CONCLUSION Reduced disease activity in patients with early RA treated with MTX monotherapy, MTX + ETN combination therapy, or MTX + SSZ + HCQ triple therapy in the TEAR trial was associated with improvements in the HDL function profile. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate abnormal HDL function as a potential mechanism and therapeutic target for CV risk in patients with RA.
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Khine HW, Teiber JF, Haley RW, Khera A, Ayers CR, Rohatgi A. Association of the serum myeloperoxidase/high-density lipoprotein particle ratio and incident cardiovascular events in a multi-ethnic population: Observations from the Dallas Heart Study. Atherosclerosis 2017. [PMID: 28645072 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a product of systemic inflammation, promotes oxidation of lipoproteins; whereas, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) exerts anti-oxidative effects in part via paraoxonase-1 (PON1). MPO induces dysfunctional HDL particles; however, the interaction of circulating levels of these measures in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been studied in humans. We tested whether serum levels of MPO indexed to HDL particle concentration (MPO/HDLp) are associated with increased CVD risk in a large multiethnic population sample, free of CVD at baseline. METHODS Levels of MPO, HDL-C, and HDL particle concentration (HDLp) by NMR were measured at baseline in 2924 adults free of CVD. The associations of MPO/HDLp with incident ASCVD (first non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or CVD death) and total CVD were assessed in Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for traditional risk factors. The median follow-up period was 9.4 years. RESULTS Adjusted for sex and race/ethnicity, MPO/HDLp was associated directly with body mass index, smoking status, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin 18, and inversely with age, HDL-C levels, HDL size, and PON1 arylesterase activity, but not with cholesterol efflux. In fully adjusted models, the highest versus lowest quartile of MPO/HDLp was associated with a 74% increase in incident ASCVD (aHR, 1.74, 95% CI 1.12-2.70) and a 91% increase in total incident CVD (aHR, 1.91, 95% CI 1.27-2.85). CONCLUSIONS Increased MPO indexed to HDL particle concentration (MPO/HDLp) at baseline is associated with increased risk of incident CVD events in a population initially free of CVD over the 9.4 year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htet W Khine
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John F Teiber
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert W Haley
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amit Khera
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Colby R Ayers
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anand Rohatgi
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Chlorinated Phospholipids and Fatty Acids: (Patho)physiological Relevance, Potential Toxicity, and Analysis of Lipid Chlorohydrins. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8386362. [PMID: 28090245 PMCID: PMC5206476 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8386362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlorinated phospholipids are formed by the reaction of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), generated by the enzyme myeloperoxidase under inflammatory conditions, and the unsaturated fatty acyl residues or the head group. In the first case the generated chlorohydrins are both proinflammatory and cytotoxic, thus having a significant impact on the structures of biomembranes. The latter case leads to chloramines, the properties of which are by far less well understood. Since HOCl is also widely used as a disinfecting and antibacterial agent in medicinal, industrial, and domestic applications, it may represent an additional source of danger in the case of abuse or mishandling. This review discusses the reaction behavior of in vivo generated HOCl and biomolecules like DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates but will focus on phospholipids. Not only the beneficial and pathological (toxic) effects of chlorinated lipids but also the importance of these chlorinated species is discussed. Some selected cleavage products of (chlorinated) phospholipids and plasmalogens such as lysophospholipids, (chlorinated) free fatty acids and α-chloro fatty aldehydes, which are all well known to massively contribute to inflammatory diseases associated with oxidative stress, will be also discussed. Finally, common analytical methods to study these compounds will be reviewed with focus on mass spectrometric techniques.
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11
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Teng N, Maghzal GJ, Talib J, Rashid I, Lau AK, Stocker R. The roles of myeloperoxidase in coronary artery disease and its potential implication in plaque rupture. Redox Rep 2016; 22:51-73. [PMID: 27884085 PMCID: PMC6837458 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1256119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathophysiological process underlying coronary artery disease (CAD). Acute complications of atherosclerosis, such as myocardial infarction, are caused by the rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, which are characterized by thin, highly inflamed, and collagen-poor fibrous caps. Several lines of evidence mechanistically link the heme peroxidase myeloperoxidase (MPO), inflammation as well as acute and chronic manifestations of atherosclerosis. MPO and MPO-derived oxidants have been shown to contribute to the formation of foam cells, endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis, the activation of latent matrix metalloproteinases, and the expression of tissue factor that can promote the development of vulnerable plaque. As such, detection, quantification and imaging of MPO mass and activity have become useful in cardiac risk stratification, both for disease assessment and in the identification of patients at risk of plaque rupture. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of MPO in CAD with a focus on its possible roles in plaque rupture and recent advances to quantify and image MPO in plasma and atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Teng
- a Vascular Biology Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , New South Wales , Australia.,b Department of Cardiology , Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Ghassan J Maghzal
- a Vascular Biology Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Jihan Talib
- a Vascular Biology Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Imran Rashid
- a Vascular Biology Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Antony K Lau
- b Department of Cardiology , Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick , New South Wales , Australia.,c Faculty of Medicine , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- a Vascular Biology Division , Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute , Darlinghurst , New South Wales , Australia.,d School of Medical Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
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12
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The ethnicity-specific association of biomarkers with the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease. Neth Heart J 2016; 24:188-98. [PMID: 26754611 PMCID: PMC4771636 DOI: 10.1007/s12471-015-0798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risk factor burden and clinical characteristics of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) differ among ethnic groups. We related biomarkers to CAD severity in Caucasians, Chinese, Indians and Malays. Methods In the Dutch-Singaporean UNICORN coronary angiography cohort (n = 2033) we compared levels of five cardiovascular biomarkers: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), cystatin C (CysC), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI). We assessed ethnicity-specific associations of biomarkers with CAD severity, quantified by the SYNTAX score. Results Adjusted for baseline differences, NTproBNP levels were significantly higher in Malays than in Chinese and Caucasians (72.1 vs. 34.4 and 41.1 pmol/l, p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). MPO levels were higher in Caucasians than in Indians (32.8 vs. 27.2 ng/ml, p = 0.026), hsTnI levels were higher in Malays than in Caucasians and Indians (33.3 vs. 16.4 and 17.8 ng/l, p < 0.001 and p = 0.029) and hsTnI levels were higher in Chinese than in Caucasians (23.3 vs. 16.4, p = 0.031). We found modifying effects of ethnicity on the association of biomarkers with SYNTAX score. NTproBNP associated more strongly with the SYNTAX score in Malays than Caucasians (β 0.132 vs. β 0.020 per 100 pmol/l increase in NTproBNP, p = 0.032). For MPO levels the association was stronger in Malays than Caucasians (β 1.146 vs. β 0.016 per 10 ng/ml increase, p = 0.017). Differing biomarker cut-off levels were found for the ethnic groups. Conclusion When corrected for possible confounders we observe ethnicity-specific differences in biomarker levels. Moreover, biomarkers associated differently with CAD severity, suggesting that ethnicity-specific cut-off values should be considered.
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Al Suwaidi J. The Dallas Heart Study using the probability sample technique for ethnicity and cardiovascular health differences. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2015; 2015:1. [PMID: 25830146 PMCID: PMC4374096 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The decrease in cardiovascular death rates in the United States has been slower in blacks than whites, especially in patients < 65 years of age. The Dallas Heart Study was designed as a single-site, multiethnic, population-based probability sample to produce unbiased comparison of cardiovascular health among multiple ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jassim Al Suwaidi
- Qatar Cardiovascular Research Center and Adult Cardiology, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Atzler D, Gore MO, Ayers CR, Choe CU, Böger RH, de Lemos JA, McGuire DK, Schwedhelm E. Homoarginine and Cardiovascular Outcome in the Population-Based Dallas Heart Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2501-7. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Atzler
- From the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.) and Neurology, Experimental Neuropediatrics (C.U.C.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.O.G., J.A.d.L., D.K.M.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (C.R.A., D.K.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical
| | - M. Odette Gore
- From the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.) and Neurology, Experimental Neuropediatrics (C.U.C.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.O.G., J.A.d.L., D.K.M.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (C.R.A., D.K.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical
| | - Colby R. Ayers
- From the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.) and Neurology, Experimental Neuropediatrics (C.U.C.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.O.G., J.A.d.L., D.K.M.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (C.R.A., D.K.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical
| | - Chi-un Choe
- From the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.) and Neurology, Experimental Neuropediatrics (C.U.C.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.O.G., J.A.d.L., D.K.M.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (C.R.A., D.K.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical
| | - Rainer H. Böger
- From the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.) and Neurology, Experimental Neuropediatrics (C.U.C.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.O.G., J.A.d.L., D.K.M.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (C.R.A., D.K.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical
| | - James A. de Lemos
- From the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.) and Neurology, Experimental Neuropediatrics (C.U.C.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.O.G., J.A.d.L., D.K.M.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (C.R.A., D.K.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical
| | - Darren K. McGuire
- From the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.) and Neurology, Experimental Neuropediatrics (C.U.C.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.O.G., J.A.d.L., D.K.M.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (C.R.A., D.K.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- From the Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.) and Neurology, Experimental Neuropediatrics (C.U.C.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (D.A., R.H.B., E.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (M.O.G., J.A.d.L., D.K.M.) and Department of Clinical Sciences (C.R.A., D.K.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical
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Panasenko OM, Gorudko IV, Sokolov AV. Hypochlorous acid as a precursor of free radicals in living systems. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:1466-89. [PMID: 24490735 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913130075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is produced in the human body by the family of mammalian heme peroxidases, mainly by myeloperoxidase, which is secreted by neutrophils and monocytes at sites of inflammation. This review discusses the reactions that occur between HOCl and the major classes of biologically important molecules (amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and inorganic substances) to form free radicals. The generation of such free radical intermediates by HOCl and other reactive halogen species is accompanied by the development of halogenative stress, which causes a number of socially important diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, infectious, and other diseases usually associated with inflammatory response and characterized by the appearance of biomarkers of myeloperoxidase and halogenative stress. Investigations aimed at elucidating the mechanisms regulating the activity of enzyme systems that are responsible for the production of reactive halogen species are a crucial step in opening possibilities for control of the development of the body's inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Panasenko
- Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
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Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a central role in the innate immune system by generating leukocyte-derived oxidants to combat invading pathogens. These reactive intermediates have been increasingly recognized to be potentially deleterious, causing oxidative injury in inflammatory disease states such as cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence now suggests that circulating MPO can act as a clinical prognostic indicator for patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Kataoka Y, Hsu A, Wolski K, Uno K, Puri R, Tuzcu EM, Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ. Progression of coronary atherosclerosis in African-American patients. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2013; 3:161-9. [PMID: 24282765 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2013.08.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African-Americans with coronary artery disease (CAD) demonstrate worse clinical outcomes than Caucasians. While this is partly due to a lack of accessibility to established therapies, the mechanisms underlying this difference remain to be elucidated. We aimed to characterize the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in African-Americans with CAD. METHODS 3,479 patients with CAD underwent serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging to evaluate atheroma progression in 7 clinical trials of anti-atherosclerotic therapies. Risk factor control and atheroma progression were compared between African-Americans (n=170) and Caucasians (n=3,309). RESULTS African-Americans were more likely to be female (51.8% vs. 28.1%, P<0.001), have a higher body mass index (32.8±6.0 vs. 31.3±5.8 kg/m(2), P=0.002) and greater history of hypertension (85.9% vs. 78.8%, P=0.02), diabetes (41.8% vs. 30.6%, P=0.002) and stroke (12.9% vs. 3.0%, P<0.001). Despite a high use of anti-atherosclerotic medications (93% statin, 89% aspirin, 79% β-blocker, 52% ACE inhibitor), African-Americans demonstrated higher levels of LDL-C (2.4±0.7 vs. 2.2±0.7 mmol/L, P=0.006), CRP (2.9 vs. 2.0 mg/dL, P<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (133±15 vs. 129±13 mmHg, P<0.001) at follow-up. There was no significant difference in atheroma volume at baseline (189.0±82.2 vs. 191.6±83.3 mm(3), P=0.82) between two groups. Serial evaluation demonstrated a greater increase in atheroma volume in African-Americans (0.51±2.1 vs. -3.1±1.7 mm(3), P=0.01). This difference persisted with propensity matching accounting for differences in risk factor control (0.1±2.1 vs. -3.7±1.7 mm(3), P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS African-Americans with CAD achieve less optimal risk factor control and greater atheroma progression. These findings support the need for more intensive risk factor modification in African-Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kataoka
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Cardiol 2012; 27:682-95. [PMID: 23075824 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e32835a0ad8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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