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Wu CY, Chen Y, Chen MT, Fu TT, Liu J, Liu FF, Xu CJ, Li WS, Li BL, Jiang ZP, Rao Y, Huang L. Natural Linoleic Acid from Marine Fungus Eutypella sp. F0219 Blocks KEAP1/NRF2 Interaction and Ameliorates MASLD by Targeting FABP4. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 224:630-643. [PMID: 39299527 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Ectopic lipid accumulation induced lipotoxicity plays a crucial role in exacerbating the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which affects over 30% of the worldwide population and 85% of the obese population. The growing demand for effective therapeutic agents highlights the need for high-efficacy lipotoxicity ameliorators and relevant therapeutic targets in the fight against MASLD. This study aimed to discover natural anti-lipotoxic and anti-MASLD candidates and elucidate the underlying mechanism and therapeutic targets. Utilizing palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG-2 and primary mouse hepatocyte models, we identified linoleic acid (HN-002), a ligand of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), from the marine fungus Eutypella sp. F0219. HN-002 dose-dependently prevented lipid overload-induced hepatocyte damage and lipid accumulation, inhibited fatty acid esterification, and ameliorated oxidative stress. These beneficial effects were associated with improvements in mitochondrial adaptive oxidation. HN-002 treatment enhanced lipid transport into mitochondria and oxidation, inhibited mitochondrial depolarization, and reduced mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) level in PA-treated hepatocytes. Mechanistically, HN-002 treatment disrupted the interaction between KEAP1 and NRF2, leading to NRF2 deubiquitylation and nuclear translocation, which activated beneficial metabolic regulation. In vivo, HN-002 treatment (20 mg/kg/per 2 days, i. p.) for 25 days effectively reversed hepatic steatosis and liver injury in the fast/refeeding plus high-fat/high-cholesterol diet induced MASLD mice. These therapeutic effects were associated with enhanced mitochondrial adaptive oxidation and activation of NRF2 signaling in the liver. These data suggest that HN-002 would be an interesting candidate for MASLD by improving mitochondrial oxidation via the FABP4/KEAP1/NRF2 axis. The discovery offers new insights into developing novel anti- MASLD agents derived from marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China
| | - Meng-Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China
| | - Ting-Ting Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China
| | - Cong-Jun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China
| | - Wan-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China
| | - Bao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China.
| | - Yong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China.
| | - Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China.
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Cao X, Guo H, Dai Y, Jiang G, Liu W, Li X, Zhang D, Huang Y, Wang X, Hua H, Wang J, Chen K, Chi C, Liu H. Excessive linoleic acid induces muscle oxidative stress through 5-lipoxygenase-dependent peroxidation. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103096. [PMID: 38387137 PMCID: PMC10899062 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in muscles is closely related to the occurrence of insulin resistance, muscle weakness and atrophy, age-related sarcopenia, and cancer. Aldehydes, a primary oxidation intermediate of polyunsaturated fatty acids, have been proven to be an important trigger for oxidative stress. However, the potential role of linoleic acid (LA) as a donor for volatile aldehydes to trigger oxidative stress has not been reported. Here, we reported that excessive dietary LA caused muscle redox imbalance and volatile aldehydes containing hexanal, 2-hexenal, and nonanal were the main metabolites leading to oxidative stress. Importantly, we identified 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) as a key enzyme mediating LA peroxidation in crustaceans for the first time. The inhibition of 5-LOX significantly suppressed the content of aldehydes produced by excessive LA. Mechanistically, the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway facilitated the translocation of 5-LOX from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where 5-LOX oxidized LA, leading to oxidative stress through the generation of aldehydes. This study suggests that 5-LOX is a potential target to prevent the production of harmful aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haokun Hua
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Keke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengtong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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van der Ark-Vonk EM, Puijk MV, Pasterkamp G, van der Laan SW. The Effects of FABP4 on Cardiovascular Disease in the Aging Population. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:163-175. [PMID: 38698167 PMCID: PMC11087245 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) plays a role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. In this paper, we cover FABP4 biology, its implications in atherosclerosis from observational studies, genetic factors affecting FABP4 serum levels, and ongoing drug development to target FABP4 and offer insights into future FABP4 research. RECENT FINDINGS FABP4 impacts cells through JAK2/STAT2 and c-kit pathways, increasing inflammatory and adhesion-related proteins. In addition, FABP4 induces angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. FABP4 is established as a reliable predictive biomarker for cardiovascular disease in specific at-risk groups. Genetic studies robustly link PPARG and FABP4 variants to FABP4 serum levels. Considering the potential effects on atherosclerotic lesion development, drug discovery programs have been initiated in search for potent inhibitors of FABP4. Elevated FABP4 levels indicate an increased cardiovascular risk and is causally related to acceleration of atherosclerotic disease, However, clinical trials for FABP4 inhibition are lacking, possibly due to concerns about available compounds' side effects. Further research on FABP4 genetics and its putative causal role in cardiovascular disease is needed, particularly in aging subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M van der Ark-Vonk
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mike V Puijk
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratory, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Baharnoori M, Wilson R, Saxena S, Gonzalez CT, Sotiropoulos MG, Keyhanian K, Healy BC, Chitnis T. Altered adipokine levels are associated with dimethyl fumarate treatment in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 56:103311. [PMID: 34655958 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is linked to increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) and worsening disease severity. Recent experimental and clinical data indicates that adipokines are involved in regulating immune response and serve as cross talk between immune and neural system. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral MS medication with unknown mechanism of action. It upregulates the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, a pathway for adipocyte differentiation. To determine a possible relationship between treatment with dimethyl fumarate, serum adipokine profiles and treatment response in patients with MS, we conducted an observational cohort study and measured serum adipokine and Vitamin D levels before and after treatment with DMF and examined their association with treatment response. METHODS We identified patients enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at Brigham and Women's Hospital (CLIMB) study who were treated with dimethyl fumarate and had available serum samples. Longitudinal pre-treatment and on-treatment samples were available in 23 patients. Cross-sectional on-treatment samples were available in 91 patients, who were classified into DMF responders and non-responders based on radiologic and clinical relapse activity or disability progression. We measured serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP-4) and-5 (FABP-5), vitamins D2 and D3. Statistical analysis was performed with paired t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS After treatment with DMF, serum adiponectin levels significantly increased, whereas FABP-4 levels significantly decreased compared to baseline levels, without a statistically significant change in the patients' BMI. Ghrelin levels were insignificantly lower post-treatment. FABP-4 levels were significantly higher in DMF responders compared to non-responders. This effect was sex-specific, with higher FABP4 levels associated with treatment response in males, but not females. CONCLUSION DMF treatment is associated with significant changes in serum adipokine levels, primarily adiponectin and FABP-4. Sex may affect the association between FABP-4 and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moogeh Baharnoori
- Brigham Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Ryan Wilson
- Brigham Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US; Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, US
| | - Shrishti Saxena
- Brigham Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Cindy T Gonzalez
- Brigham Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Marinos G Sotiropoulos
- Brigham Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Kiandokht Keyhanian
- Brigham Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Brian C Healy
- Brigham Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Brigham Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, US.
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Liu P, Dodson M, Li H, Schmidlin CJ, Shakya A, Wei Y, Garcia JGN, Chapman E, Kiela PR, Zhang QY, White E, Ding X, Ooi A, Zhang DD. Non-canonical NRF2 activation promotes a pro-diabetic shift in hepatic glucose metabolism. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101243. [PMID: 33933676 PMCID: PMC8164084 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective NRF2, a transcription factor that regulates cellular redox and metabolic homeostasis, plays a dual role in human disease. While it is well known that canonical intermittent NRF2 activation protects against diabetes-induced tissue damage, little is known regarding the effects of prolonged non-canonical NRF2 activation in diabetes. The goal of this study was to determine the role and mechanisms of prolonged NRF2 activation in arsenic diabetogenicity. Methods To test this, we utilized an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approach to assess diabetogenic changes in the livers of wild type, Nrf2−/−, p62−/−, or Nrf2−/−; p62−/− mice exposed to arsenic in the drinking water for 20 weeks. Results In contrast to canonical oxidative/electrophilic activation, prolonged non-canonical NRF2 activation via p62-mediated sequestration of KEAP1 increases carbohydrate flux through the polyol pathway, resulting in a pro-diabetic shift in glucose homeostasis. This p62- and NRF2-dependent increase in liver fructose metabolism and gluconeogenesis occurs through the upregulation of four novel NRF2 target genes, ketohexokinase (Khk), sorbitol dehydrogenase (Sord), triokinase/FMN cyclase (Tkfc), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (Hnf4A). Conclusion We demonstrate that NRF2 and p62 are essential for arsenic-mediated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, revealing a pro-diabetic role for prolonged NRF2 activation in arsenic diabetogenesis. The role of non-canonical activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in type II diabetes has not been determined. Chronic activation of Nrf2 promotes a pro-diabetic shift in the liver polyol pathway that increases blood glucose levels. Four newly identified Nrf2 target genes are responsible for the diabetogenic shift in liver carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Cody J Schmidlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aryatara Shakya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yongyi Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pawel R Kiela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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Guan H, Wang Y, Li H, Zhu Q, Li X, Liang G, Ge RS. 5-Bis-(2,6-difluoro-benzylidene) Cyclopentanone Acts as a Selective 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase one Inhibitor to Treat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:594437. [PMID: 33912032 PMCID: PMC8072159 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.594437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase one is responsible for activating inert glucocorticoid cortisone into biologically active cortisol in humans and may be a novel target for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: A series of benzylidene cyclopentanone derivatives were synthesized, and the selective inhibitory effects on rat, mouse and human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase one and two were screened. The most potent compound [5-bis-(2,6-difluoro-benzylidene)-cyclopentanone] (WZS08), was used to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed a high-fat-diet for 100 days. Results: WZS08 was the most potent inhibitor of rat, mouse, and human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, with half maximum inhibitory concentrations of 378.0, 244.1, and 621.1 nM, respectively, and it did not affect 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase two at 100 μM. When mice were fed WZS08 (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) for 100 days, WZS08 significantly lowered the serum insulin levels and insulin index at 4 mg/kg. WZS08 significantly reduced the levels of serum triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and hepatic fat ratio at low concentration of 1 mg/kg. It down-regulated Plin2 expression and up-regulated Fabp4 expression at low concentration of 1 mg/kg. It significantly improved the morphology of the non-alcoholic fatty liver. Conclusion: WZS08 selectively inhibits rat, mouse, and human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, and can treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguo Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Quercetin Alleviates Oxidative Damage by Activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Signaling in Porcine Enterocytes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020375. [PMID: 33530513 PMCID: PMC7911945 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of multiple gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of natural product quercetin on diquat-induced oxidative stress in porcine enterocytes and underlying mechanisms. Intestinal porcine epithelial cell line 1 (IPEC-1) cells pretreated with or without quercetin (5 μM, 24 h) were incubated with vehicle or diquat (100 μM) for 6 h. The results showed that diquat treatment induced apoptosis in a caspase-3-dependent manner, as accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased mitochondrial depolarization, and reduced the abundance of tight junction proteins. These adverse effects of diquat were remarkably abrogated by quercetin administration. Further study indicated that the protective effect of quercetin was associated with elevated protein abundance of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) content. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of quercetin on diquat-induced oxidative damage were abolished by all-trans-retinoic acid (Atra), a specific inhibitor of Nrf2, indicating a Nrf2-dependent regulation manner. The results show that quercetin attenuates diquat-induced cell injury by promoting protein abundance of Nrf2 and regulating GSH-related redox homeostasis in enterocytes. These findings provide new insights into a function role of quercetin in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Luo M, Sun Q, Zhao H, Tao J, Yan D. The Effects of Dimethyl Fumarate on Atherosclerosis in the Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mouse Model with Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia Mediated By the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Antioxidant Response Element (Nrf2/ARE) Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7966-7975. [PMID: 31645538 PMCID: PMC6824188 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on thoracic aortic atherosclerosis in the apolipoprotein E (apo-E)-deficient mouse model with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia, and the signaling pathways involved. Material/Methods Eight-week-old ApoE−/− male mice (n=30) were randomly divided into three groups: the Control group (ApoE−/−) (n=10); the diabetic model (STZ) group (n=10); and the DMF-treated (25 mg/kg) diabetic model (DMF+STZ) group (n=10). The area of the thoracic aortic atherosclerosis was determined by histology. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in mouse serum and homogenates of the thoracic aorta were determined by colorimetry. Levels of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit gp91phox were detected by immunological hybridization, and levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the Control group, in the STZ group, the area of aortic atherosclerosis was significantly increased, the levels of serum and aortic ROS, HO-1, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and gp91phox were increased, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS) were significantly reduced. Compared with the STZ group, in the DMF+STZ group, the area of aortic atherosclerosis was significantly reduced, the levels of serum and aortic ROS, HO-1, NF-κB, ICAM-1, and gp91phox were significantly reduced, and Nrf2, eNOS, and p-eNOS were significantly increased. Conclusions In the apo-E-deficient mouse model with STZ-induced hyperglycemia, DMF reduced the development of atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qingsong Sun
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jiali Tao
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Dongsheng Yan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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TRIF Regulates BIC/miR-155 via the ERK Signaling Pathway to Control the ox-LDL-Induced Macrophage Inflammatory Response. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6249085. [PMID: 29977930 PMCID: PMC6011077 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6249085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll/IL-1R-domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) is an important adaptor for TLR3- and TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways. Recent studies have shown that TRIF plays a key role in vessel inflammation and atherosclerosis; however, the precise mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the mechanisms of the TRIF-regulated inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages under oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulation. Our data show that ox-LDL induces TRIF, miR-155, and BIC expression, activates the ERK1/2 and SOCS1-STAT3-NF-κB signaling pathways, and elevates the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells. Knockdown of TRIF using TRIF siRNA suppressed BIC, miR-155, IL-6, and TNF-α expression and inhibited the ERK1/2 and SOCS1-STAT3-NF-κB signaling pathways. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling also suppressed BIC and miR-155 expression. These findings suggest that TRIF plays an important role in regulating the ox-LDL-induced macrophage inflammatory response and that TRIF modulates the expression of BIC/miR-155 and the downstream SOCS1-STAT3-NF-κB signaling pathway via ERK1/2. Therefore, TRIF might be a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Zarei M, Barroso E, Palomer X, Dai J, Rada P, Quesada-López T, Escolà-Gil JC, Cedó L, Zali MR, Molaei M, Dabiri R, Vázquez S, Pujol E, Valverde ÁM, Villarroya F, Liu Y, Wahli W, Vázquez-Carrera M. Hepatic regulation of VLDL receptor by PPARβ/δ and FGF21 modulates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2017; 8:117-131. [PMID: 29289645 PMCID: PMC5985050 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) plays an important role in the development of hepatic steatosis. In this study, we investigated the role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)β/δ and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in hepatic VLDLR regulation. Methods Studies were conducted in wild-type and Pparβ/δ-null mice, primary mouse hepatocytes, human Huh-7 hepatocytes, and liver biopsies from control subjects and patients with moderate and severe hepatic steatosis. Results Increased VLDLR levels were observed in liver of Pparβ/δ-null mice and in Pparβ/δ-knocked down mouse primary hepatocytes through mechanisms involving the heme-regulated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) kinase (HRI), activating transcription factor (ATF) 4 and the oxidative stress-induced nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathways. Moreover, by using a neutralizing antibody against FGF21, Fgf21-null mice and by treating mice with recombinant FGF21, we show that FGF21 may protect against hepatic steatosis by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced VLDLR upregulation. Finally, in liver biopsies from patients with moderate and severe hepatic steatosis, we observed an increase in VLDLR levels that was accompanied by a reduction in PPARβ/δ mRNA abundance and DNA-binding activity compared with control subjects. Conclusions Overall, these findings provide new mechanisms by which PPARβ/δ and FGF21 regulate VLDLR levels and influence hepatic steatosis development. PPARβ/δ deficiency leads to increased levels of hepatic VLDLR levels. FGF21 protects against hepatic steatosis by attenuating ER stress-induced VLDLR upregulation. Human hepatic steatosis is accompanied by increased levels of VLDLR and reduced expression of PPARβ/δ. PPARβ/δ and FGF21 may influence NAFLD development by regulating VLDLR levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jianli Dai
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Patricia Rada
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Quesada-López
- Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and IBUB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Cedó
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Molaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Dabiri
- lnternal Medicine Department, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugènia Pujol
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and IBUB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore; INRA ToxAlim, UMR1331, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Eslamloo K, Xue X, Hall JR, Smith NC, Caballero-Solares A, Parrish CC, Taylor RG, Rise ML. Transcriptome profiling of antiviral immune and dietary fatty acid dependent responses of Atlantic salmon macrophage-like cells. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:706. [PMID: 28886690 PMCID: PMC5591513 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the limited availability and high cost of fish oil in the face of increasing aquaculture production, there is a need to reduce usage of fish oil in aquafeeds without compromising farm fish health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine if different levels of vegetable and fish oils can alter antiviral responses of salmon macrophage-like cells (MLCs). Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed diets containing 7.4% (FO7) or 5.1% (FO5) fish oil. These diets were designed to be relatively low in EPA + DHA (i.e. FO7: 1.41% and FO5: 1%), but near the requirement level, and resulting in comparable growth. Vegetable oil (i.e. rapeseed oil) was used to balance fish oil in experimental diets. After a 16-week feeding trial, MLCs isolated from fish in these dietary groups were stimulated by a viral mimic (dsRNA: pIC) for 6 h (qPCR assay) and 24 h (microarray and qPCR assays). RESULTS The fatty acid composition of head kidney leukocytes varied between the two dietary groups (e.g. higher 20:5n-3 in the FO7 group). Following microarray assays using a 44K salmonid platform, Rank Products (RP) analysis showed 14 and 54 differentially expressed probes (DEP) (PFP < 0.05) between the two diets in control and pIC groups (FO5 vs. FO7), respectively. Nonetheless, Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM, FDR < 0.05) identified only one DEP between pIC groups of the two diets. Moreover, we identified a large number (i.e. 890 DEP in FO7 and 1128 DEP in FO5 overlapping between SAM and RP) of pIC-responsive transcripts, and several of them were involved in TLR-/RLR-dependent and cytokine-mediated pathways. The microarray results were validated as significantly differentially expressed by qPCR assays for 2 out of 9 diet-responsive transcripts and for all of the 35 selected pIC-responsive transcripts. CONCLUSION Fatty acid-binding protein adipocyte (fabp4) and proteasome subunit beta type-8 (psmb8) were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the MLCs of fish fed the diet with a lower level of fish oil, suggesting that they are important diet-responsive, immune-related biomarkers for future studies. Although the different levels of dietary fish and vegetable oils involved in this study affected the expression of some transcripts, the immune-related pathways and functions activated by the antiviral response of salmon MLCs in both groups were comparable overall. Moreover, the qPCR revealed transcripts responding early to pIC (e.g. lgp2, map3k8, socs1, dusp5 and cflar) and time-responsive transcripts (e.g. scarb1-a, csf1r, traf5a, cd80 and ctsf) in salmon MLCs. The present study provides a comprehensive picture of the putative molecular pathways (e.g. RLR-, TLR-, MAPK- and IFN-associated pathways) activated by the antiviral response of salmon MLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Eslamloo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Nicole C Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Albert Caballero-Solares
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | | | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1 Marine Lab Road, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
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Lee R, Reese C, Carmen-Lopez G, Perry B, Bonner M, Zemskova M, Wilson CL, Helke KL, Silver RM, Hoffman S, Tourkina E. Deficient Adipogenesis of Scleroderma Patient and Healthy African American Monocytes. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:174. [PMID: 28420992 PMCID: PMC5376579 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes from systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) patients and healthy African Americans (AA) are deficient in the regulatory protein caveolin-1 leading to enhanced migration toward chemokines and fibrogenic differentiation. While dermal fibrosis is the hallmark of SSc, loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue is a lesser-known feature. To better understand the etiology of SSc and the predisposition of AA to SSc, we studied the adipogenic potential of SSc and healthy AA monocytes. The ability of SSc and healthy AA monocytes to differentiate into adipocyte-like cells (ALC) is inhibited compared to healthy Caucasian (C) monocytes. We validated that monocyte-derived ALCs are distinct from macrophages by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Like their enhanced fibrogenic differentiation, their inhibited adipogenic differentiation is reversed by the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSD, a surrogate for caveolin-1). The altered differentiation of SSc and healthy AA monocytes is additionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) which is also present at reduced levels in these cells. In vivo studies further support the importance of caveolin-1 and PPARγ in fibrogenesis and adipogenesis. In SSc patients, healthy AA, and mice treated systemically with bleomycin, adipocytes lose caveolin-1 and PPARγ and the subcutaneous adipose layer is diminished. CSD treatment of these mice leads to a reappearance of the caveolin-1+/PPARγ+/FABP4+ subcutaneous adipose layer. Moreover, many of these adipocytes are CD45+, suggesting they are monocyte derived. Tracing experiments with injected EGFP+ monocytes confirm that monocytes contribute to the repair of the adipose layer when it is damaged by bleomycin treatment. Our observations strongly suggest that caveolin-1 and PPARγ work together to maintain a balance between the fibrogenic and adipogenic differentiation of monocytes, that this balance is altered in SSc and in healthy AA, and that monocytes make a major contribution to the repair of the adipose layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lee
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Charles Reese
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Gustavo Carmen-Lopez
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Beth Perry
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael Bonner
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Marina Zemskova
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Carole L Wilson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Richard M Silver
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Stanley Hoffman
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Elena Tourkina
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
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Onodera Y, Teramura T, Takehara T, Fukuda K. Hyaluronic acid regulates a key redox control factor Nrf2 via phosphorylation of Akt in bovine articular chondrocytes. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:476-84. [PMID: 26106522 PMCID: PMC4475775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One important pharmacological function of hyaluronic acid (HA) in chondrocytes is reduction of cellular superoxide generation and accumulation. Here we demonstrated a relationship between HA supplementation and accumulation of Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which is a master transcription factor in cellular redox reactions, in cultured chondrocytes derived from bovine joint cartilage. In HA-treated chondrocytes, expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes was upregulated. In HA-treated chondrocytes, Akt was phosphorylated, and inhibition of Akt activity or suppression of HA receptors CD44 and/or RHAMM with siRNAs prevented HA-mediated Nrf2 accumulation. Furthermore, Nrf2 siRNA inhibited the HA effect on antioxidant enzymes. These results show that HA might contribute to ROS reduction through Nrf2 regulation by activating Akt. Our study suggests a new mechanism for extracellular matrix (ECM)-mediated redox systems in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Onodera
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Teramura
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takehara
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanji Fukuda
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
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Barroso E, Rodríguez-Rodríguez R, Chacón MR, Maymó-Masip E, Ferrer L, Salvadó L, Salmerón E, Wabistch M, Palomer X, Vendrell J, Wahli W, Vázquez-Carrera M. PPARβ/δ ameliorates fructose-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes by preventing Nrf2 activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1049-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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