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Ying T, Wu L, Lan T, Wei Z, Hu D, Ke Y, Jiang Q, Fang J. Adropin inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE -/-/Enho -/- mice by regulating endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:402. [PMID: 37903785 PMCID: PMC10616072 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adropin, a secreted protein, coded by energy homeostasis-associated gene (Enho), is recently reported to modulate atherogenesis, with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) involved in the early process. We explored whether adropin may alleviate atherosclerosis by regulating EndMT. We found that an intraperitoneal injection of adropin [105 μg/(kg·d) for 13 weeks] inhibited the progression of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced aortic atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE-/-) and those with double gene deletion (ApoE-/-/Enho-/-), as detected by Oil Red O and haematoxylin-eosin staining. In the aortas of ApoE-/- mouse, adropin treatment ameliorated the decrease in the mRNA expression of endothelial cell markers (leukocyte differentiation antigen 31, CD31, and vascular endothelial cadherin, VE-cadherin), but increased that of EndMT markers (alpha smooth muscle actin, α-SMA, and fibroblasts specific protein-1). In vitro, an adropin treatment (30 ng/ml) arrested the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced EndMT in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), attenuated the morphological changes of HUVECs, reduced the number of immunofluorescence-positive α-SMA, increased the mRNA and protein expressions of CD31 and VE-cadherin, and decreased those of α-SMA. Furthermore, the adropin treatment decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and TGF-β2, and suppressed the phosphorylation of downstream signal protein Smad2/3 in HUVECs. These mitigative effects of adropin on H2O2-induced EndMT were reversed by the transfection of TGF-β plasmid. The findings signify that adropin treatment may alleviate the atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-/Enho-/- mice by inhibiting EndMT via the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao, PR China
| | - LingZhen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - TingXiang Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
- Department of Ultrasound, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, PR China
| | - ZhiXiong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - DanQing Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - YiLang Ke
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fujian Cardiovascular Medical Center; Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease; Fujian Cardiovascular Research Center, Fuzhou, PR China.
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Dean YE, Shebl MA, Rouzan SS, Bamousa BAA, Talat NE, Ansari SA, Tanas Y, Aslam M, Gebril S, Sbitli T, Eweis R, Shahid R, Salem A, Abdelaziz HA, Shah J, Hasan W, Hakim D, Aiash H. Association between insomnia and the incidence of myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:376-385. [PMID: 36841256 PMCID: PMC10106668 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia has been closely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) including myocardial infarction (MI). Our study aims to assess the eligibility of insomnia as a potential risk factor for MI. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using terms; such as "Insomnia" and "MI." Only observational controlled studies with data on the incidence of MI among insomniacs were included. Revman software version 5.4 was used for the analysis. RESULTS Our pooled analysis showed a significant association between insomnia and the incidence of MI compared with noninsomniacs (relative risk [RR] = 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41-2.02, p < .00001). Per sleep duration, we detected the highest association between ≤5 h of sleep, and MI incidence compared to 7-8 h of sleep (RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.41-1.73). Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep were associated with increased MI incidence (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04-1.23, p = .003). However, subgroup analysis of nonrestorative sleep and daytime dysfunction showed an insignificant association with MI among both groups (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.91-1.23, p = .46). Analysis of age, follow-up duration, sex, and comorbidities showed a significant association in insomniacs. CONCLUSION Insomnia and ≤5 h of sleep are highly associated with increased incidence of MI; an association comparable to that of other MI risk factors and as such, it should be considered as a risk factor for MI and to be incorporated into MI prevention guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna E Dean
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shebl
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Kasr Al- Ainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah S Rouzan
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Yousef Tanas
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Muaaz Aslam
- Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Gebril
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Taher Sbitli
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramy Eweis
- Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Rameen Shahid
- Dow International Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amr Salem
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Ahmed Abdelaziz
- Department of Family Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Department of Public Health, New York State Department of Health, New York, United States
| | - Walaa Hasan
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Diaa Hakim
- Department of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Hani Aiash
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Perfusion, and Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, United States
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3
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Overnight Corticosterone and Gene Expression in Mouse Hippocampus: Time Course during Resting Period. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032828. [PMID: 36769150 PMCID: PMC9917930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to test the effect of an elevated level of glucocorticoids on the mouse hippocampal transcriptome after 12 h of treatment with corticosterone that was administered during an active phase of the circadian cycle. Additionally, we also tested the circadian changes in gene expression and the decay time of transcriptomic response to corticosterone. Gene expression was analyzed using microarrays. Obtained results show that transcriptomic responses to glucocorticoids are heterogeneous in terms of the decay time with some genes displaying persistent changes in expression during 9 h of rest. We have also found a considerable overlap between genes regulated by corticosterone and genes implicated previously in stress response. The examples of such genes are Acer2, Agt, Apod, Aqp4, Etnppl, Fabp7, Fam107a, Fjx1, Fmo2, Galnt15, Gjc2, Heph, Hes5, Htra1, Jdp2, Kif5a, Lfng, Lrg1, Mgp, Mt1, Pglyrp1, Pla2g3, Plin4, Pllp, Ptgds, Ptn, Slc2a1, Slco1c1, Sult1a1, Thbd and Txnip. This indicates that the applied model is a useful tool for the investigation of mechanisms underlying the stress response.
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Stapelberg NJC, Braidy N. The sex-dependent response to psychosocial stress and ischaemic heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1072042. [PMID: 37153459 PMCID: PMC10160413 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1072042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important risk factor for modern chronic diseases, with distinct influences in males and females. The sex specificity of the mammalian stress response contributes to the sex-dependent development and impacts of coronary artery disease (CAD). Compared to men, women appear to have greater susceptibility to chronic forms of psychosocial stress, extending beyond an increased incidence of mood disorders to include a 2- to 4-fold higher risk of stress-dependent myocardial infarction in women, and up to 10-fold higher risk of Takotsubo syndrome-a stress-dependent coronary-myocardial disorder most prevalent in post-menopausal women. Sex differences arise at all levels of the stress response: from initial perception of stress to behavioural, cognitive, and affective responses and longer-term disease outcomes. These fundamental differences involve interactions between chromosomal and gonadal determinants, (mal)adaptive epigenetic modulation across the lifespan (particularly in early life), and the extrinsic influences of socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors. Pre-clinical investigations of biological mechanisms support distinct early life programming and a heightened corticolimbic-noradrenaline-neuroinflammatory reactivity in females vs. males, among implicated determinants of the chronic stress response. Unravelling the intrinsic molecular, cellular and systems biological basis of these differences, and their interactions with external lifestyle/socio-cultural determinants, can guide preventative and therapeutic strategies to better target coronary heart disease in a tailored sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J. Helman
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence: Tessa J. Helman
| | - John P. Headrick
- Schoolof Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
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Nguyen TD, Watanabe A, Burleigh S, Ghaffarzadegan T, Kanklai J, Prykhodko O, Hållenius FF, Nyman M. Monobutyrin and monovalerin improve gut-blood-brain biomarkers and alter gut microbiota composition in high-fat fed apolipoprotein-E-knockout rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15454. [PMID: 36104381 PMCID: PMC9475028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), glycerol esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been shown to positively influence lipid profile and biomarkers in the gut and brain. This study examined whether MB and MV in high-fat diets, affected microbiota composition and gut-blood-brain markers in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) rats, a model for studies of lipid-associated disorders, and neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). ApoE-/- rats fed MB and MV increased Tenericutes and the brain neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), while the blood stress hormone corticosterone decreased compared to control rats. Only rats that received MB showed a significant increase in cholic acid and Adlercreutzia in the caecum. In rats fed MV, the decrease of Proteobacteria was associated with decreased corticosterone levels. Conclusively, dietary supplementation of SCFA glycerol esters can modulate gut-blood-brain markers and alter gut microbiota composition in ApoE-/- rats, suggesting that SCFAs also could counteract lipid disorders-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Duy Nguyen
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ayako Watanabe
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Stephen Burleigh
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tannaz Ghaffarzadegan
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jirapat Kanklai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Olena Prykhodko
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida Fåk Hållenius
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Meng LB, Zhang YM, Luo Y, Gong T, Liu DP. Chronic Stress A Potential Suspect Zero of Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:738654. [PMID: 34988123 PMCID: PMC8720856 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.738654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease, in which the lipid accumulation in the intima of the arteries shows yellow atheromatous appearance, which is the pathological basis of many diseases, such as coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. In recent years, it has become the main cause of death in the global aging society, which seriously endangers human health. As a result, research on AS is increasing. Lesions of atherosclerosis contain macrophages, T cells and other cells of the immune response, together with cholesterol that infiltrates from the blood. Recent studies have shown that chronic stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of AS. From the etiology of disease, social, environmental and genetic factors jointly determine the occurrence of disease. Atherosclerotic cardio-cerebrovascular disease (ASCVD) is often caused by chronic stress (CS). If it cannot be effectively prevented, there will be biological changes in the body environment successively, and then the morphological changes of the corresponding organs. If the patient has a genetic predisposition and a combination of environmental factors triggers the pathogenesis, then chronic stress can eventually lead to AS. Therefore, this paper discusses the influence of chronic stress on AS in the aspects of inflammation, lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, hemodynamics and blood pressure, plaque stability, autophagy, ferroptosis, and cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Bing Meng
- Department of Cardiology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Meng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Medical Centre of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, The Training Site for Postgraduate of Jinzhou Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Gerontology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De-Ping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Okutsu M, Yamada M, Tokizawa K, Marui S, Suzuki K, Lira VA, Nagashima K. Regular exercise stimulates endothelium autophagy via IL-1 signaling in ApoE deficient mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21698. [PMID: 34085350 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002790rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Regular exercise maintains arterial endothelial cell homeostasis and protects the arteries from vascular disease, such as peripheral artery disease and atherosclerosis. Autophagy, which is a cellular process that degrades misfolded or aggregate proteins and damaged organelles, plays an important role in maintaining organ and cellular homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether regular exercise stimulates autophagy in aorta endothelial cells of mice prone to atherosclerosis independently of their circulating lipid profile. Here, we observed that 16 weeks of voluntary exercise reduced high-fat diet-induced atherosclerotic plaque formation in the aortic root of ApoE deficient mice, and that this protection occurred without changes in circulating triglycerides, total cholesterol, and lipoproteins. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that voluntary exercise increased levels of the autophagy protein LC3 in aortic endothelial cells. Interestingly, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to serum from voluntarily exercised mice displayed significantly increased LC3-I and LC3-II protein levels. Analysis of circulating cytokines demonstrated that voluntary exercise caused changes directly relevant to IL-1 signaling (ie, decreased interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1ra] while also increasing IL-1α). HUVECs exposed to IL-1α and IL-1β recombinant protein significantly increased LC3 mRNA expression, LC3-I and LC3-II protein levels, and autophagy flux. Collectively, these results suggest that regular exercise protects arteries from ApoE deficient mice against atherosclerosis at least in part by stimulating endothelial cell autophagy via enhanced IL-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mami Yamada
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Tokizawa
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuri Marui
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Vitor A Lira
- Department of Health & Human Physiology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kei Nagashima
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Chen M, Huang R, Fu W, Ou L, Men L, Zhang Z, Yang S, Liu Q, Luan J. Xiaoyaosan (Tiaogan-Liqi therapy) protects peritoneal macrophages from corticosterone-induced stress by regulating the interaction between glucocorticoid receptor and ABCA1. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1506. [PMID: 33313251 PMCID: PMC7729347 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that Xiaoyaosan (XYS), Tiaogan-Liqi therapy, has a protective function in depressive disorder, and can regulate body weight and corticosterone (CORT) level. However, little is known about the effect of XYS in treating atherosclerosis. This study aimed to explore the influence XYS on macrophage foam cell formation and related mechanism. Methods Rat peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were separated and stimulated with CORT and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). The serum was obtained from rats treated with different doses of XYS and was added into the medium for macrophages. Then, the cell activity and lipid content of PMs were measured through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and oil red staining, respectively. The expressions of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) were detected. In addition, overexpression of GR and ABCA1 was performed and the effect on XYS treatment was subsequently assessed. Results The CCK-8 assay showed the serum increased cell activity of CORT-induced stress PMs in a XYS dose-dependent manner. Oil red staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the serum decreased lipids of PMs. In the XYS treated groups, HSP90 protein was decreased and protein levels of ABCA1 and GR were increased in cytoplasm, while GR protein in nucleus was decreased. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay indicated GR might interact with HSP90 and be involved with the function of XYS. Furthermore, overexpression of GR attenuated the protective function of XYS on CORT-induced stress in PMs, while overexpression of ABCA1 enhanced that. Conclusions This study denoted that XYS could protect PMs from CORT-induced stress by regulating the interaction of GR and ABCA1, which might contribute to the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtai Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruolan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjun Fu
- Centre for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Ou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Men
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shudong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jienan Luan
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the 4 Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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CYP17A1 deficient XY mice display susceptibility to atherosclerosis, altered lipidomic profile and atypical sex development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8792. [PMID: 32472014 PMCID: PMC7260244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP17A1 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme with 17-alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activities. CYP17A1 genetic variants are associated with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and visceral and subcutaneous fat distribution; however, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the function of CYP17A1 and its impact on atherosclerosis in mice. At 4–6 months, CYP17A1-deficient mice were viable, with a KO:Het:WT ratio approximating the expected Mendelian ratio of 1:2:1. All Cyp17a1 knockout (KO) mice were phenotypically female; however, 58% were Y chromosome-positive, resembling the phenotype of human CYP17A1 deficiency, leading to 46,XY differences/disorders of sex development (DSD). Both male and female homozygous KO mice were infertile, due to abnormal genital organs. Plasma steroid analyses revealed a complete lack of testosterone in XY-KO mice and marked accumulation of progesterone in XX-KO mice. Elevated corticosterone levels were observed in both XY and XX KO mice. In addition, Cyp17a1 heterozygous mice were also backcrossed onto an Apoe KO atherogenic background and fed a western-type diet (WTD) to study the effects of CYP17A1 on atherosclerosis. Cyp17a1 x Apoe double KO XY mice developed more atherosclerotic lesions than Apoe KO male controls, regardless of diet (standard or WTD). Increased atherosclerosis in CYP17A1 XY KO mice lacking testosterone was associated with altered lipid profiles. In mice, CYP17A1 deficiency interferes with sex differentiation. Our data also demonstrate its key role in lipidomic profile, and as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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10
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Meng LB, Zou YF, Shan MJ, Zhang M, Qi RM, Yu ZM, Guo P, Zheng QW, Gong T. Computer-assisted prediction of atherosclerotic intimal thickness based on weight of adrenal gland, interleukin-6 concentration, and neural networks. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519839625. [PMID: 31039661 PMCID: PMC7140207 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519839625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Bing Meng
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China.,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yang-Fan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital-Sixth Medical Center, Beijing, P.R. China.,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Meng-Jie Shan
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Mei Qi
- MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Mou Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Wei Zheng
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tao Gong
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
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11
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Yao BC, Meng LB, Hao ML, Zhang YM, Gong T, Guo ZG. Chronic stress: a critical risk factor for atherosclerosis. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1429-1440. [PMID: 30799666 PMCID: PMC6460614 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519826820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress refers to the non-specific systemic reaction that occurs when the body is stimulated by various internal and external negative factors over a long time. The physiological response to chronic stress exposure has long been recognized as a potent modulator in the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, research has confirmed the correlation between atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Chronic stress is pervasive during negative life events and may lead to the formation of plaque. Several epidemiological studies have shown that chronic stress is an independent risk factor for the development of vascular disease and for increased morbidity and mortality in patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease. One possible mechanism for this process is that chronic stress causes endothelial injury, directly activating macrophages, promoting foam cell formation and generating the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This mechanism involves numerous variables, including inflammation, signal pathways, lipid metabolism and endothelial function. The mechanism of chronic stress in atherosclerosis should be further investigated to provide a theoretical basis for efforts to eliminate the effect of chronic stress on the cardiocerebral vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Chen Yao
- 1 Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling-Bing Meng
- 3 Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Dong Dan, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Lei Hao
- 4 Department of geriatric medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yuan-Meng Zhang
- 5 Internal medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Linghe District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tao Gong
- 1 Graduate College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Guo
- 2 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Steinfeld K, Beyer D, Mühlfeld C, Mietens A, Eichner G, Altinkilic B, Kampschulte M, Jiang Q, Krombach GA, Linn T, Weidner W, Middendorff R. Low testosterone in ApoE/LDL receptor double-knockout mice is associated with rarefied testicular capillaries together with fewer and smaller Leydig cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5424. [PMID: 29615651 PMCID: PMC5882941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The testis as a site for atherosclerotic changes has so far attracted little attention. We used the apolipoprotein E (ApoE)/low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor deficient mouse model (KO) for atherosclerosis (20, 40, 60 and 87-week-old) to investigate whether Leydig cells or the capillary network are responsible for reduced serum testosterone levels previously observed in extreme ages of this model. In KO mice, overall testosterone levels were reduced whereas the adrenal gland-specific corticosterone was increased excluding a general defect of steroid hormone production. In addition to micro-CT investigations for bigger vessels, stereology revealed a reduction of capillary length, volume and surface area suggesting capillary rarefaction as a factor for diminished testosterone. Stereological analyses of interstitial cells demonstrated significantly reduced Leydig cell numbers and size. These structural changes in the testis occurred on an inflammatory background revealed by qPCR. Reduced litter size of the KO mice suggests hypo- or infertility as a consequence of the testicular defects. Our data suggest reduced testosterone levels in this atherosclerosis model might be explained by both, rarefication of the capillary network and reduced Leydig cell number and size. Thus, this study calls for specific treatment of male infertility induced by microvascular damage through hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Steinfeld
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Beyer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Mietens
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Eichner
- Institute of Mathematics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bora Altinkilic
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Qingkui Jiang
- Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Linn
- Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weidner
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ralf Middendorff
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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Lagraauw HM, Kuiper J, Bot I. Acute and chronic psychological stress as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: Insights gained from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:18-30. [PMID: 26256574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide and identification and therapeutic modulation of all its risk factors is necessary to ensure a lower burden on the patient and on society. The physiological response to acute and chronic stress exposure has long been recognized as a potent modulator of immune, endocrine and metabolic pathways, however its direct implications for cardiovascular disease development, progression and as a therapeutic target are not completely understood. More and more attention is given to the bidirectional interaction between psychological and physical health in relation to cardiovascular disease. With atherosclerosis being a chronic disease starting already at an early age the contribution of adverse early life events in affecting adult health risk behavior, health status and disease development is receiving increased attention. In addition, experimental research into the biological pathways involved in stress-induced cardiovascular complications show important roles for metabolic and immunologic maladaptation, resulting in increased disease development and progression. Here we provide a concise overview of human and experimental animal data linking chronic and acute stress to CVD risk and increased progression of the underlying disease atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maxime Lagraauw
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Ekuni D, Yoneda T, Endo Y, Kasuyama K, Irie K, Mizutani S, Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Morita M. Occlusal disharmony accelerates the initiation of atherosclerosis in apoE knockout rats. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:144. [PMID: 25189624 PMCID: PMC4174667 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychosocial stress is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis. As occlusal disharmony induces psychological stress, we hypothesized that psychological stress by occlusal disharmony accelerates atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of occlusal disharmony on the initiation of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout rats. Methods Fourteen male apoE-knockout rats (age; 8 weeks) (Sprague–Dawley strain background) were divided into two groups of seven rats: the occlusal disharmony group and the no treatment (control) group. In the occlusal disharmony group, the maxillary molar cusps were cut off for the 8-week experimental period. Results In the occlusal disharmony group, the percentages of the area of total aortic lumen occupied by plaques and lipid were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05, t-test). The occlusal disharmony group also showed significantly higher serum levels of very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), plasma levels of corticosterone (1.9, 1.3 and 1.3 times, respectively), higher aortic protein expression levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) (1.5 and 1.4 times, respectively), and higher aortic gene expression of levels of VCAM1 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (1.9 and 4.3 times, respectively), as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in serum levels of oxidized LDL, reactive oxygen metabolites and C-reactive protein between the two groups. Conclusion In apoE knockout rats, occlusal disharmony may induce VCAM1, ICAM1 and TLR4 expression and accelerate the initiation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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