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Sartorius AM, Rokicki J, Birkeland S, Bettella F, Barth C, de Lange AMG, Haram M, Shadrin A, Winterton A, Steen NE, Schwarz E, Stein DJ, Andreassen OA, van der Meer D, Westlye LT, Theofanopoulou C, Quintana DS. An evolutionary timeline of the oxytocin signaling pathway. Commun Biol 2024; 7:471. [PMID: 38632466 PMCID: PMC11024182 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is a neuropeptide associated with both psychological and somatic processes like parturition and social bonding. Although oxytocin homologs have been identified in many species, the evolutionary timeline of the entire oxytocin signaling gene pathway has yet to be described. Using protein sequence similarity searches, microsynteny, and phylostratigraphy, we assigned the genes supporting the oxytocin pathway to different phylostrata based on when we found they likely arose in evolution. We show that the majority (64%) of genes in the pathway are 'modern'. Most of the modern genes evolved around the emergence of vertebrates or jawed vertebrates (540 - 530 million years ago, 'mya'), including OXTR, OXT and CD38. Of those, 45% were under positive selection at some point during vertebrate evolution. We also found that 18% of the genes in the oxytocin pathway are 'ancient', meaning their emergence dates back to cellular organisms and opisthokonta (3500-1100 mya). The remaining genes (18%) that evolved after ancient and before modern genes were classified as 'medium-aged'. Functional analyses revealed that, in humans, medium-aged oxytocin pathway genes are highly expressed in contractile organs, while modern genes in the oxytocin pathway are primarily expressed in the brain and muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina M Sartorius
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Birkeland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Francesco Bettella
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Barth
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Marie G de Lange
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marit Haram
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adriano Winterton
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Hector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Daniel S Quintana
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- NevSom, Department of Rare Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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He J, Lin H, Ding Y, Liu X, Xu K, Chen X, Shen W, Zhou S, Wang M, Xia J, He N. Genome-wide associated variants of subclinical atherosclerosis among young people with HIV and gene-environment interactions. J Transl Med 2022; 20:609. [PMID: 36539828 PMCID: PMC9764595 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified some variants associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) in general population but lacking sufficient validation. Besides traditional risk factors, whether and how would genetic variants associate with SCA among people with HIV (PWH) remains to be elucidated. METHOD A large original GWAS and gene-environment interaction analysis of SCA were conducted among Chinese PWH (n = 2850) and age/sex-matched HIV-negative controls (n = 5410). Subgroup analyses by age and functional annotations of variants were also performed. RESULTS Different from HIV-negative counterparts, host genome had a greater impact on young PWH rather than the elders: one genome-wide significant variant (rs77741796, P = 2.20 × 10-9) and eight suggestively significant variants (P < 1 × 10-6) were identified to be specifically associated with SCA among PWH younger than 45 years. Seven genomic loci and 15 genes were mapped to play a potential role on SCA among young PWH, which were enriched in the biological processes of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization and molecular function of protein kinase A subunit binding. Furthermore, genome-wide interaction analyses revealed significant HIV-gene interactions overall as well as gene-environment interactions with alcohol consumption, tobacco use and obesity among PWH. The identified gene-environment interaction on SCA among PWH might be useful for discovering high-risk individuals for the prevention of SCA, particularly among those with tobacco use and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION The present study provides new clues for the genetic contribution of SCA among young PWH and is the starting point of precision intervention targeting HIV-related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu He
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Yi-Wu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijiang Lin
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yingying Ding
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Yi-Wu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Yi-Wu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kelin Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Sujuan Zhou
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Yi-Wu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaochen Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Yi-Wu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Yi-Wu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na He
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Yi-Wu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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So-Armah K, Freiberg MS. HIV and Cardiovascular Disease: Update on Clinical Events, Special Populations, and Novel Biomarkers. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2019; 15:233-244. [PMID: 29752699 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-018-0400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this review is to provide an update on the link between HIV infection and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We will focus our review mainly on literature describing clinical CVD events and understudied topics of importance. RECENT FINDINGS Heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and stroke are CVD modalities deserving more attention in the context of HIV infection in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Incidence data on clinical CVD from HIV populations in low- and middle-income countries are limited. Multisubstance use is common in HIV, but understudied as a moderator or mediator of the association between HIV and CVD. CVD risk assessment in HIV remains challenging, but new research into novel biomarkers may provide further insights. There is also a need for inclusion of non-biologic factors in our attempts to understand, quantify, and predict CVD risk among PLWHA. Significant attention has been paid to generating and testing hypotheses to understand the mechanisms of myocardial infarction in HIV. Similar attention is deserving for heart failure, PAD, stroke, and cardiovascular disease risk in resource-limited settings and among substance users with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaku So-Armah
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and therefore, assessing the genetic versus environmental background of CAS traits is of key importance. Carotid intima-media-thickness and plaque characteristics seem to be moderately heritable, with remarkable differences in both heritability and presence or severity of these traits among ethnicities. Although the considerable role of additive genetic effects is obvious, based on the results so far, there is an important emphasis on non-shared environmental factors as well. We aimed to collect and summarize the papers that investigate twin and family studies assessing the phenotypic variance attributable to genetic associations with CAS. Genes in relation to CAS markers were overviewed with a focus on genetic association studies and genome-wide association studies. Although the role of certain genes is confirmed by studies conducted on large populations and meta-analyses, many of them show conflicting results. A great focus should be on future studies elucidating the exact pathomechanism of these genes in CAS in order to imply them as novel therapeutic targets.
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Shendre A, Wiener HW, Irvin MR, Aouizerat BE, Overton ET, Lazar J, Liu C, Hodis HN, Limdi NA, Weber KM, Gange SJ, Zhi D, Floris-Moore MA, Ofotokun I, Qi Q, Hanna DB, Kaplan RC, Shrestha S. Genome-wide admixture and association study of subclinical atherosclerosis in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188725. [PMID: 29206233 PMCID: PMC5714351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major comorbidity among HIV-infected individuals. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cCIMT) is a valid and reliable subclinical measure of atherosclerosis and is known to predict CVD. We performed genome-wide association (GWA) and admixture analysis among 682 HIV-positive and 288 HIV-negative Black, non-Hispanic women from the Women’s Interagency HIV study (WIHS) cohort using a combined and stratified analysis approach. We found some suggestive associations but none of the SNPs reached genome-wide statistical significance in our GWAS analysis. The top GWAS SNPs were rs2280828 in the region intergenic to mediator complex subunit 30 and exostosin glycosyltransferase 1 (MED30 | EXT1) among all women, rs2907092 in the catenin delta 2 (CTNND2) gene among HIV-positive women, and rs7529733 in the region intergenic to family with sequence similarity 5, member C and regulator of G-protein signaling 18 (FAM5C | RGS18) genes among HIV-negative women. The most significant local European ancestry associations were in the region intergenic to the zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 5D gene and NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 1 (ZSCAN5D | NDUF1) pseudogene on chromosome 19 among all women, in the region intergenic to vomeronasal 1 receptor 6 pseudogene and zinc finger protein 845 (VN1R6P | ZNF845) gene on chromosome 19 among HIV-positive women, and in the region intergenic to the SEC23-interacting protein and phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2 domain containing 1A (SEC23IP | PPAPDC1A) genes located on chromosome 10 among HIV-negative women. A number of previously identified SNP associations with cCIMT were also observed and included rs2572204 in the ryanodine receptor 3 (RYR3) and an admixture region in the secretion-regulating guanine nucleotide exchange factor (SERGEF) gene. We report several SNPs and gene regions in the GWAS and admixture analysis, some of which are common across HIV-positive and HIV-negative women as demonstrated using meta-analysis, and also across the two analytic approaches (i.e., GWA and admixture). These findings suggest that local European ancestry plays an important role in genetic associations of cCIMT among black women from WIHS along with other environmental factors that are related to CVD and may also be triggered by HIV. These findings warrant confirmation in independent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Shendre
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Howard W. Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Bradley E. Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Edgar T. Overton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jason Lazar
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Howard N. Hodis
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nita A. Limdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Weber
- Cook County Health and Hospital System/Hektoen Institute of Medicine, Chicago, Illnois, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Gange
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Degui Zhi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Floris-Moore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ighovwerha Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, Emory University, and Grady Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - David B. Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kearns A, Burdo TH, Qin X. Editorial Commentary: Clinical management of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2017; 27:564-566. [PMID: 28774757 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Kearns
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
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Perspectives on pharmacogenomics of antiretroviral medications and HIV-associated comorbidities. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2015; 10:116-22. [PMID: 25565175 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize current knowledge and provide perspective on relationships between human genetic variants, antiretroviral medications, and aging-related complications of HIV-1 infection. RECENT FINDINGS Human genetic variants have been convincingly associated with interindividual variability in antiretroviral toxicities, drug disposition, and aging-associated complications in HIV-1 infection. Screening for HLA-B5701 to avoid abacavir hypersensitivity reactions has become a routine part of clinical care, and has markedly improved drug safety. There are well established pharmacogenetic associations with other agents (efavirenz, nevirapine, atazanavir, dolutegravir, and others), but this knowledge has yet to have substantial impact on HIV-1 clinical care. As metabolic complications including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease are becoming an increasing concern among individuals who are aging with well controlled HIV-1 infection, human genetic variants that predispose to these complications also become more relevant in this population. SUMMARY Pharmacogenetic knowledge has already had considerable impact on antiretroviral prescribing. With continued advances in the field of human genomics, the impact of pharmacogenomics on HIV-1 clinical care and research is likely to continue to grow in importance and scope.
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Deep sequencing of RYR3 gene identifies rare and common variants associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in HIV-infected individuals. J Hum Genet 2014; 60:63-7. [PMID: 25500725 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a subclinical measure of atherosclerosis with mounting evidence that higher cIMT confers an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The ryanodine receptor 3 gene (RYR3) has previously been linked to increased cIMT; however, the causal variants have not yet been localized. Therefore, we sequenced 339,480 bp encompassing 104 exons and 2 kb flanking region of the RYR3 gene in 96 HIV-positive white men from the extremes of the distribution of common cIMT from the Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Changes in HIV infection study (FRAM). We identified 2710 confirmed variants (2414 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 296 insertion/deletions (indels)), with a mean count of 736 SNPs (ranging from 528 to 1032) and 170 indels (ranging from 128 to 214) distributed in each individual. There were 39 variants in the exons and 15 of these were non-synonymous, of which with only 4 were common variants and the remaining 11 were rare variants, one was a novel SNP. We confirmed that the common variant rs2229116 was significantly associated with cIMT in this design (P<7.9 × 10(-9)), and observed seven other significantly associated SNPs (P<10(-8)). These variants including the private non-synonymous SNPs need to be followed up in a larger sample size and also tested with clinical atherosclerotic outcomes.
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