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Jiang J, Hiron TK, Agbaedeng TA, Malhotra Y, Drydale E, Bancroft J, Ng E, Reschen ME, Davison LJ, O’Callaghan CA. A Novel Macrophage Subpopulation Conveys Increased Genetic Risk of Coronary Artery Disease. Circ Res 2024; 135:6-25. [PMID: 38747151 PMCID: PMC11191562 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of death worldwide, is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Although over 250 genetic risk loci have been identified through genome-wide association studies, the specific causal variants and their regulatory mechanisms are still largely unknown, particularly in disease-relevant cell types such as macrophages. METHODS We utilized single-cell RNA-seq and single-cell multiomics approaches in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages to explore the transcriptional regulatory network involved in a critical pathogenic event of coronary atherosclerosis-the formation of lipid-laden foam cells. The relative genetic contribution to CAD was assessed by partitioning disease heritability across different macrophage subpopulations. Meta-analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data sets from 38 human atherosclerotic samples was conducted to provide high-resolution cross-referencing to macrophage subpopulations in vivo. RESULTS We identified 18 782 cis-regulatory elements by jointly profiling the gene expression and chromatin accessibility of >5000 macrophages. Integration with CAD genome-wide association study data prioritized 121 CAD-related genetic variants and 56 candidate causal genes. We showed that CAD heritability was not uniformly distributed and was particularly enriched in the gene programs of a novel CD52-hi lipid-handling macrophage subpopulation. These CD52-hi macrophages displayed significantly less lipoprotein accumulation and were also found in human atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated the cis-regulatory effect of a risk variant rs10488763 on FDX1, implicating the recruitment of AP-1 and C/EBP-β in the causal mechanisms at this locus. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide genetic evidence of the divergent roles of macrophage subsets in atherogenesis and highlight lipid-handling macrophages as a key subpopulation through which genetic variants operate to influence disease. These findings provide an unbiased framework for functional fine-mapping of genome-wide association study results using single-cell multiomics and offer new insights into the genotype-environment interactions underlying atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Jiang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas K. Hiron
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Agbaedeng
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yashaswat Malhotra
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Drydale
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Bancroft
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Ng
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (E.N.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Reschen
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.E.R.)
| | - Lucy J. Davison
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom (L.J.D.)
| | - Chris A. O’Callaghan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Kumar AAW, Huangfu G, Figtree GA, Dwivedi G. Atherosclerosis as the Damocles' sword of human evolution: insights from nonhuman ape-like primates, ancient human remains, and isolated modern human populations. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H821-H831. [PMID: 38305751 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00744.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide, and the predominant risk factors are advanced age and high-circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, the findings of atherosclerosis in relatively young mummified remains and a lack of atherosclerosis in chimpanzees despite high LDL-C call into question the role of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The inflammatory theory of atherosclerosis may explain the discrepancies between traditional risk factors and observed phenomena in current literature. Following the divergence from chimpanzees several millennia ago, loss of function mutations in immune regulatory genes and changes in gene expression have resulted in an overactive human immune system. The ubiquity of atherosclerosis in the modern era may reflect a selective pressure that enhanced the innate immune response at the cost of atherogenesis and other chronic disease states. Evidence provided from the fields of genetics, evolutionary biology, and paleoanthropology demonstrates a sort of circular dependency between inflammation, immune system functioning, and evolution at both a species and cellular level. More recently, the role of proinflammatory stimuli, somatic mutations, and the gene-environment effect appear to be underappreciated elements in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Neurobiological stress, metabolic syndrome, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors may instead function as intermediary links between inflammation and atherosclerosis. Therefore, considering evolution as a mechanistic process and atherosclerosis as part of the inertia of evolution, greater insight into future preventative and therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis can be gained by examining the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annora Ai-Wei Kumar
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin Huangfu
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Cardiovascular Discovery Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Jiang D, Liu H, Zhu G, Li X, Fan L, Zhao F, Xu C, Wang S, Rose Y, Rhen J, Yu Z, Yin Y, Gu Y, Xu X, Fisher EA, Ge J, Xu Y, Pang J. Endothelial PHACTR1 Promotes Endothelial Activation and Atherosclerosis by Repressing PPARγ Activity Under Disturbed Flow in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e303-e322. [PMID: 37199156 PMCID: PMC10524336 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous genome-wide association studies revealed that SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) at the PHACTR1 (phosphatase and actin regulator 1) locus strongly correlate with coronary artery disease. However, the biological function of PHACTR1 remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the proatherosclerotic effect of endothelial PHACTR1, contrary to macrophage PHACTR1. METHODS We generated global (Phactr1-/-) and endothelial cell (EC)-specific (Phactr1ECKO) Phactr1 KO (knockout) mice and crossed these mice with apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding the high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks or partially ligating carotid arteries combined with a 2-week high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. PHACTR1 localization was identified by immunostaining of overexpressed PHACTR1 in human umbilical vein ECs exposed to different types of flow. The molecular function of endothelial PHACTR1 was explored by RNA sequencing using EC-enriched mRNA from global or EC-specific Phactr1 KO mice. Endothelial activation was evaluated in human umbilical vein ECs transfected with siRNA targeting PHACTR1 and in Phactr1ECKO mice after partial carotid ligation. RESULTS Global or EC-specific Phactr1 deficiency significantly inhibited atherosclerosis in regions of disturbed flow. PHACTR1 was enriched in ECs and located in the nucleus of disturbed flow areas but shuttled to cytoplasm under laminar flow in vitro. RNA sequencing showed that endothelial Phactr1 depletion affected vascular function, and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) was the top transcription factor regulating differentially expressed genes. PHACTR1 functioned as a PPARγ transcriptional corepressor by binding to PPARγ through the corepressor motifs. PPARγ activation protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting endothelial activation. Consistently, PHACTR1 deficiency remarkably reduced endothelial activation induced by disturbed flow in vivo and in vitro. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abolished the protective effects of Phactr1 KO on EC activation and atherosclerosis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified endothelial PHACTR1 as a novel PPARγ corepressor to promote atherosclerosis in disturbed flow regions. Endothelial PHACTR1 is a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Guofu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Xiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Faxue Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Chong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Shumin Wang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Yara Rose
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Jordan Rhen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Ze Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Yiheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Yuling Gu
- Shanghai Naturethink Life Science&Technology Co., Itd, Shanghai 201809, China (Y. G.)
| | - Xiangbin Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA (E. A. F.)
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
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Rada I, Calderón JF, Martínez G, Muñoz Venturelli P. Genetics of spontaneous cervical and coronary artery dissections. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1007795. [PMID: 37214559 PMCID: PMC10196206 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1007795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Spontaneous cervical artery dissections (SCeAD) and coronary artery dissections (SCoAD) are major causes of neurovascular and cardiovascular morbidity in young adults. Although multiple aspects of their etiology are still unknown, most consensuses are focused on the presence of constitutional genetic aspects and environmental triggers. Since recent evidence of genetic contribution points to a possible overlap between these conditions, we aimed to describe current information on SCeAD and SCoAD genetics and their potential shared pathological aspects. Materials and methods A narrative review is presented. Publications in English and Spanish were queried using database search. The articles were evaluated by one team member in terms of inclusion criteria. After collecting, the articles were categorized based on scientific content. Results Given that patients with SCeAD and SCoAD rarely present connective tissue disorders, other genetic loci are probably responsible for the increased susceptibility in some individuals. The common variant rs9349379 at PHACTR1 gene is associated with predisposition to pathologies of the arterial wall, likely mediated by variations in Endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels. The risk of arterial dissection may be increased for those who carry the rs9349379(A) allele, associated with lower expression levels of ET-1; however, the local effect of this vasomotor imbalance remains unclear. Sex differences seen in SCeAD and SCoAD support a role for sex hormones that could modulate risk, tilting the delicate balance and forcing vasodilator actions to prevail over vasoconstriction due to a reduction in ET-1 expression. Conclusions New evidence points to a common gene variation that could explain dissection in both the cervical and coronary vasculatures. To further confirm the risk conferred by the rs9349379 variant, genome wide association studies are warranted, hopefully in larger and ethnically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rada
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Francisco Calderón
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Martínez
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Muñoz Venturelli
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Mendonça MI, Pereira A, Monteiro J, Sousa JA, Santos M, Temtem M, Borges S, Henriques E, Rodrigues M, Sousa AC, Ornelas I, Freitas AI, Brehm A, Drumond A, Palma Dos Reis R. Impact of genetic information on coronary disease risk in Madeira: The GENEMACOR study. Rev Port Cardiol 2023; 42:193-204. [PMID: 36265803 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary artery disease (CAD), characterized by an atherogenic process in the coronary arteries, is one of the leading causes of death in Madeira. The GENEMACOR (GENEs in MAdeira and CORonary Disease) study sought to investigate the main risk factors - environmental and genetic - and estimate whether a genetic risk score (GRS) improves CAD prediction, discrimination and reclassification. METHODS Traditional risk factors and 33 CAD genetic variants were considered in a case-control study with 3139 individuals (1723 patients and 1416 controls). The multivariate analysis assessed the likelihood of CAD. A multiplicative GRS (mGRS) was created, and two models (with and without mGRS) were prepared. Two areas under receiver operating characteristic curve (area under curve (AUC)) were analyzed and compared to discriminate CAD likelihood. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination index (IDI) were used to reclassify the population. RESULTS All traditional risk factors were strong and independent predictors of CAD, with smoking being the most significant (OR 3.25; p<0.0001). LPA rs3798220 showed a higher CAD likelihood (odds ratio 1.45; p<0.0001). Individuals in the fourth mGRS quartile had an increased CAD probability of 136% (p<0.0001). A traditional risk factor-based model estimated an AUC of 0.73, rising to 0.75 after mGRS inclusion (p<0.0001), revealing a better fit. Continuous NRI better reclassified 28.1% of the population, and categorical NRI mainly improved the reclassification of the intermediate risk group. CONCLUSIONS CAD likelihood was influenced by traditional risk factors and genetic variants. Incorporating GRS into the traditional model improved CAD predictive capacity, discrimination and reclassification. These approaches may provide helpful diagnostic and therapeutic advances, especially in the intermediate risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Mendonça
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Pereira
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal; Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Joel Monteiro
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal; Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - João Adriano Sousa
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal; Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Marina Santos
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal; Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Margarida Temtem
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal; Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sofia Borges
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Eva Henriques
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Mariana Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Ana Célia Sousa
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Ilídio Ornelas
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Freitas
- Centro de Investigação Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - António Brehm
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, SESARAM EPERAM, Funchal, Portugal
| | - António Drumond
- Laboratório de Genética Humana, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
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Perrotta I. Atherosclerosis: From Molecular Biology to Therapeutic Perspective 2.0. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315158. [PMID: 36499481 PMCID: PMC9740737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of large- and medium-sized arteries involving aberrant immune-inflammatory responses, dysfunctional molecular pathways, and impaired tissue repair mechanisms [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Perrotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CM2), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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Keser Z, Chiang CC, Benson JC, Pezzini A, Lanzino G. Cervical Artery Dissections: Etiopathogenesis and Management. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2022; 18:685-700. [PMID: 36082197 PMCID: PMC9447449 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s362844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical Artery Dissection (CeAD) is a frequent stroke etiology for patients younger than 50 years old. The most common immediate complications related to CeAD are headache and neck pain (65–95%), TIA/ischemic stroke (>50%), and partial Horner’s syndrome (25%). The prevailing hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of sCeAD is that the underlying constitutional vessel wall weakness of patients with sCeAD is genetically determined and that environmental factors could act as triggers. The stroke prevention treatment of CeAD remains controversial, involving anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy and potentially emergent stenting and/or thrombectomy or angioplasty for selected cases of carotid artery dissection with occlusion. The treatment of headache associated with CeAD depends on the headache phenotype and comorbidities. Radiographically, more than 75% of CeAD cases present with occlusion or non-occlusive stenosis. Many patients demonstrate partial and complete healing, more commonly in the carotid arteries. One-fifth of the patients develop dissecting pseudoaneurysm, but this is a benign clinical entity with an extremely low rupture and stroke recurrence risk. Good recovery is achieved in many CeAD cases, and mortality remains low. Family history of CeAD, connective tissue disorders like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, and fibromuscular dysplasia are risk factors for recurrent CeAD, which can occur in 3–9% of the cases. This review serves as a comprehensive, updated overview of CeAD, emphasizing etiopathogenesis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Keser
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Correspondence: Zafer Keser, Department of Neurology – Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA, Email
| | | | - John C Benson
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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The complex genetic basis of fibromuscular dysplasia, a systemic arteriopathy associated with multiple forms of cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1241-1255. [PMID: 36043395 PMCID: PMC9434409 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Artery stenosis is a common cause of hypertension and stroke and can be due to atherosclerosis accumulation in the majority of cases and in a small fraction of patients to arterial fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Artery stenosis due to atherosclerosis is widely studied with known risk factors (e.g. increasing age, male gender, and dyslipidemia) to influence its etiology, including genetic factors. However, the causes of noninflammatory and nonatherosclerotic stenosis in FMD are less understood. FMD occurs predominantly in early middle-age women, a fraction of the population where cardiovascular risk is different and understudied. FMD arteriopathies are often diagnosed in the context of hypertension and stroke and co-occur mainly with spontaneous coronary artery dissection, an atypical cause of acute myocardial infarction. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the understanding of molecular origins of FMD. Data were obtained from genetic studies using complementary methodological approaches applied to familial, syndromic, and sporadic forms of this intriguing arteriopathy. Rare variation analyses point toward mechanisms related to impaired prostacyclin signaling and defaults in fibrillar collagens. The study of common variation, mainly through a recent genome-wide association study, describes a shared genetic link with blood pressure, in addition to point at potential risk genes involved in actin cytoskeleton and intracellular calcium homeostasis supporting impaired vascular contraction as a key mechanism. We conclude this review with future strategies and approaches needed to fully understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms related to FMD.
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Ma X, Su M, He Q, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Liu Z, Sun L, Weng J, Xu S. PHACTR1, a coronary artery disease risk gene, mediates endothelial dysfunction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958677. [PMID: 36091033 PMCID: PMC9457086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have recently identified phosphatase and actin regulator-1 (PHACTR1) as a critical risk gene associated with polyvascular diseases. However, it remains largely unclear how PHACTR1 is involved in endothelial dysfunction. Here, by mining published datasets of human stable and vulnerable/ruptured plaque tissues, we observed upregulated expression of PHACTR1 in vulnerable/ruptured plaques. Congruent with these data, we demonstrated increased Phactr1 gene expression in aortic endothelium from ApoE-/- mice fed a western type diet compared with that in normal C57BL/6J mice. Relevantly, PHACTR1 gene expression was upregulated by pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic stimuli, including TNF-α, IL-1β and oxidized LDL (oxLDL). By employing next-generation RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that PHACTR1 overexpression disrupts pathways associated with endothelial homeostasis. Cell biological studies unravel that PHACTR1 mediates endothelial inflammation and monocyte adhesion by activating NF-κB dependent intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) expression. In addition, overexpression of PHACTR1 also reduces the generation of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting Akt/eNOS activation. In-house compound screening of vasoprotective drugs identifies several drugs, including lipid-lowering statins, decreases PHACTR1 gene expression. However, PHACTR1 gene expression was not affected by another lipid-lowering drug-fenofibrate. We also performed a proteomic study to reveal PHACTR1 interacting proteins and validated that PHACTR1 can interact with heat shock protein A8 (HSPA8) which was reported to be associated with coronary artery disease and eNOS degradation. Further studies are warranted to confirm the precise mechanism of PHACTR1 in driving endothelial dysfunction. In conclusion, by using systems biology approach and molecular validation, we disclose the deleterious effects of PHACTR1 on endothelial function by inducing endothelial inflammation and reducing NO production, highlighting the potential to prevent endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis by targeting PHACTR1 expression. The precise role of endothelial cell PHACTR1 in polyvascular diseases remains to be validated in diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Suowen Xu
- *Correspondence: Suowen Xu, ; Jianping Weng,
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10
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Transcriptomic Profile of Genes Regulating the Structural Organization of Porcine Atrial Cardiomyocytes during Primary In Vitro Culture. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071205. [PMID: 35885988 PMCID: PMC9319992 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVD) eventually lead to severe myocardial dysfunction, which is the most common cause of death worldwide. A better understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular pathologies seems to be crucial to develop effective therapeutic options. Therefore, a worthwhile endeavor is a detailed molecular characterization of cells extracted from the myocardium. A transcriptomic profile of atrial cardiomyocytes during long-term primary cell culture revealed the expression patterns depending on the duration of the culture and the heart segment of origin (right atrial appendage and right atrium). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified as involved in ontological groups such as: “cellular component assembly”, “cellular component organization”, “cellular component biogenesis”, and “cytoskeleton organization”. Transcriptomic profiling allowed us to indicate the increased expression of COL5A2, COL8A1, and COL12A1, encoding different collagen subunits, pivotal in cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) structure. Conversely, genes important for cellular architecture, such as ABLIM1, TMOD1, XIRP1, and PHACTR1, were downregulated during in vitro culture. The culture conditions may create a favorable environment for reconstruction of the ECM structures, whereas they may be suboptimal for expression of some pivotal transcripts responsible for the formation of intracellular structures.
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11
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Rubin S, Bougaran P, Martin S, Abelanet A, Delobel V, Pernot M, Jeanningros S, Bats ML, Combe C, Dufourcq P, Debette S, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C. PHACTR-1 (Phosphatase and Actin Regulator 1) Deficiency in Either Endothelial or Smooth Muscle Cells Does Not Predispose Mice to Nonatherosclerotic Arteriopathies in 3 Transgenic Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:597-609. [PMID: 35387477 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have revealed robust associations of common genetic polymorphisms in an intron of the PHACTR-1 (phosphatase and actin regulator 1) gene (chr6p24), with cervical artery dissection, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and fibromuscular dysplasia. The aim was to assess its role in the pathogenesis of cervical artery dissection or fibromuscular dysplasia. METHODS Using various tissue-specific Cre-driver mouse lines, Phactr1 was deleted either in endothelial cells using 2 tissue-specific Cre-driver (PDGFB [platelet-derived growth factor B]-CreERT2 mice and Tie2 [tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and EGF homology domains]-Cre) and smooth muscle cells (smooth muscle actin-CreERT2) with a third tissue-specific Cre-driver. RESULTS To test the efficacy of the Phactr1 deletion after cre-induction, we confirmed first, a decrease in Phactr1 transcription and Phactr1 expression in endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell isolated from Phactr1iPDGFB and Phactr1iSMA mice. Irrespective to the tissue or the duration of the deletion, mice did not spontaneously display pathological phenotype or vascular impairment: mouse survival, growth, blood pressure, large vessel morphology, or actin organization were not different in knockout mice than their comparatives littermates. Challenging vascular function and repair either by angiotensin II-induced hypertension or limb ischemia did not lead to vascular morphology or function impairment in Phactr1-deleted mice. Similarly, there were no more consequences of Phactr1 deletion during embryogenesis in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Loss of PHACTR-1 function in the cells involved in vascular physiology does not appear to induce a pathological vascular phenotype. The in vivo effect of the intronic variation described in genome-wide association studies is unlikely to involve downregulation in PHACTR-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Rubin
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation, Dialyse et Aphérèses (S.R., C.C.), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Soizic Martin
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Alice Abelanet
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Valentin Delobel
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Mathieu Pernot
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Sylvie Jeanningros
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Marie-Lise Bats
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,Service de Biochimie (M.-L.B.), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France
| | - Christian Combe
- Service de Néphrologie, Transplantation, Dialyse et Aphérèses (S.R., C.C.), Hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Unité INSERM 1026, Université de Bordeaux, France (C.C.)
| | - Pascale Dufourcq
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Center, UMR1219, France (S.D.).,Bordeaux University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, France (S.D.)
| | - Thierry Couffinhal
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.).,Service des Maladies Cardiaques et Vasculaires, Hôpital Haut-Léveque CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France (T.C.)
| | - Cécile Duplàa
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Biologie des Maladies Cardiovasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France (S.R., P.B., S.M., A.A., V.D., M.P., S.J., M.-L.B., P.D., T.C., C.D.)
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12
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Kasikara C, Schilperoort M, Gerlach B, Xue C, Wang X, Zheng Z, Kuriakose G, Dorweiler B, Zhang H, Fredman G, Saleheen D, Reilly MP, Tabas I. Deficiency of macrophage PHACTR1 impairs efferocytosis and promotes atherosclerotic plaque necrosis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145275. [PMID: 33630758 DOI: 10.1172/jci145275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the process through which apoptotic cells (ACs) are cleared through actin-mediated engulfment by macrophages, prevents secondary necrosis, suppresses inflammation, and promotes resolution. Impaired efferocytosis drives the formation of clinically dangerous necrotic atherosclerotic plaques, the underlying etiology of coronary artery disease (CAD). An intron of the gene encoding PHACTR1 contains rs9349379 (A>G), a common variant associated with CAD. As PHACTR1 is an actin-binding protein, we reasoned that if the rs9349379 risk allele G causes lower PHACTR1 expression in macrophages, it might link the risk allele to CAD via impaired efferocytosis. We show here that rs9349379-G/G was associated with lower levels of PHACTR1 and impaired efferocytosis in human monocyte-derived macrophages and human atherosclerotic lesional macrophages compared with rs9349379-A/A. Silencing PHACTR1 in human and mouse macrophages compromised AC engulfment, and Western diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice in which hematopoietic Phactr1 was genetically targeted showed impaired lesional efferocytosis, increased plaque necrosis, and thinner fibrous caps - all signs of vulnerable plaques in humans. Mechanistically, PHACTR1 prevented dephosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), which was necessary for AC engulfment. In summary, rs9349379-G lowered PHACTR1, which, by lowering phospho-MLC, compromised efferocytosis. Thus, rs9349379-G may contribute to CAD risk, at least in part, by impairing atherosclerotic lesional macrophage efferocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Kasikara
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brennan Gerlach
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - George Kuriakose
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Hanrui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabrielle Fredman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics and.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Genetic deficiency of Phactr1 promotes atherosclerosis development via facilitating M1 macrophage polarization and foam cell formation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2353-2368. [PMID: 32857129 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variants in phosphatase and actin regulator-1 (Phactr1) are reported to be associated with arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the function of Phactr1 in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent coronary angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were enrolled and divided into non-ST segment elevation (NST-ACS) group and ST-ACS group. The expression of Phactr1 on monocytes was higher in NST-ACS and ST-ACS groups as compared with control group. Furthermore, NST-ACS patients who have more vulnerable features including thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) and large lipid area showed higher levels of Phactr1 on monocytes than those with stable plaques. Through mouse models of atherosclerosis, Phactr1-/-Apoe-/- mice (double knockout mice, DKO) developed more severe atherosclerotic plaques, recruiting more macrophages into subendothelium and having elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in plaques. Similarly, Apoe knockout mice (Apoe-/-) receiving DKO bone marrow (BM) exhibited elevated plaque burden compared with Apoe-/- mice receiving Apoe-/- BM, indicating the protective effect of Phactr1 in hematopoietic cells. We found that depletion of Phactr1 in BM-derived macrophages (BMDMs) tended to differentiate into M1 phenotype, produced more proatherogenic cytokines and eventually converted into foam cells driven by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Mechanistically, Phactr1 activated CREB signaling via directly binding to CREB, up-regulating CREB phosphorylation and inducing KLF4 expression. Finally, overexpression of KLF4 partly rescued the excessive inflammation response and foam cell formation induced by deficiency of Phactr1. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that elevated Phactr1 in monocytes is a promising biomarker for vulnerable plaques, while increased Phactr1 attenuates atherosclerotic development via activation of CREB and M2 macrophage differentiation.
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14
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Kuveljic J, Djuric T, Stankovic G, Dekleva M, Stankovic A, Alavantic D, Zivkovic M. Association of PHACTR1 intronic variants with the first myocardial infarction and their effect on PHACTR1 mRNA expression in PBMCs. Gene 2021; 775:145428. [PMID: 33460763 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) and underlining atherosclerosis are the main causes of death worldwide. Phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) variants have been associated with early onset MI, coronary artery disease and carotid dissection. PHACTR1 mRNA expression has been detected in tissues and cells related to atherosclerosis. Nonetheless, the true effect of PHACTR1 on vascular diseases is still unknown. Our aim was to examine the association of PHACTR1 intronic variants, rs9349379, rs2026458 and rs2876300, with MI and multi-vessel disease (MVD) and to assess their effect on PHACTR1 and EDN1 mRNA expression in PBMCs of patients six months after MI. METHODS The study enrolled 537 patients with the first MI and 310 controls. Gene expression was assessed in 74 patients six months after MI and 37 healthy controls. Rs9349379, rs2026458, rs2876300 and relative mRNA expressions were detected by TaqMan® technology. RESULTS The significant association between PHACTR1 variants and MI was not found, either individually or in haplotype. A higher frequency of rs2876300G-allele in MVD was rendered not significant after Bonferroni correction. PHACTR1 mRNA was significantly increased in PBMCs of patients six months after MI compared to controls (p = 0.02). Patients that carry ACG haplotype have increased PHACTR1 mRNA expression in PBMCs (p = 0.04). There was no effect of PHACTR1 variants on EDN1 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that PHACTR1 intronic variants may have a role in severity and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Future research is needed to clarify the mechanism underlying the role of PHACTR1 in coronary atherosclerosis and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Kuveljic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara Djuric
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Goran Stankovic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Dekleva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center "Zvezdara", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stankovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragan Alavantic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Maja Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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15
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Jha CK, Mir R, Banu S, Elfaki I, Chahal SMS. Heterozygosity in LDLR rs2228671 and rs72658855 Gene is Associated with Increased Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease in India -A Case-Control Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:388-399. [PMID: 31613733 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191015164505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Risk factors of CAD include high LDL-C, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hypertension, lack of exercise, genetic factors, etc. Polymorphisms of the LDLR gene have been associated with CAD in previous studies. METHODS The LDLR-rs72658855 C>T genotyping was detected by using allele-specific PCR (ASPCR). The association of rs2228671 and rs72658855 with CAD in a south Indian cohort (200 CAD patients and 200 matched healthy controls was studied. RESULTS Our findings showed that rs2228671 gene variability is associated with increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease in the codominant inheritance model for variant CC vs. CT OR 3.42(1.09-10.7), with P<0.034. A non-significant association was reported in the recessive inheritance model for the variant (CC+CT) vs. TT OR 0.56(0.16-1.95), at P<0.36. and in the dominant inheritance model for variant CC vs. (CT+TT) OR 2.8(1.07-7.34), at P<0.032 .In case of allelic comparison, it was indicated that the LDLR rs2228671-T allele was associated with an increased risk of developing CAD compared to C allele OR=2.4, with 95% CI (1.05-5.64) and P< 0.036 . Our findings showed that LDLR rs72658855 C>T gene variability was associated with an increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease in the codominant inheritance model for variant CC vs. CT OR 1.7(1.1-2.6), at P<0.015 and in the dominant inheritance model for variant CC vs. (CT+TT) OR 1.66(1.07-2.58), at P<0.0.02.. In case of allelic comparison, a non-significant association was reported in LDLR rs72658855-T and C allele. CONCLUSION We concluded that the heterozygosity in LDLR-rs72658855 and rs2228671 and T allele in LDLR rs2228671 are strongly associated with increased susceptibility to coronary artery disease. These results must be validated by future well-designed studies with larger sample sizes and different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Jha
- Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaheena Banu
- Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular science and Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukh M S Chahal
- Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
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16
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Nugent S, Potvin O, Cunnane SC, Chen TH, Duchesne S. Associating Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factor Genes and FDG-PET Brain Metabolism in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:580633. [PMID: 33192474 PMCID: PMC7661639 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.580633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies have linked type 2 diabetes (T2D) to an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This has led to an interest in using antidiabetic treatments for the prevention of AD. However, the underlying mechanisms explaining the relationship between T2D and AD have not been completely elucidated. Objective: Our objective was to examine cerebral 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake during normal aging and in AD patients in regions associated with diabetes genetic risk factor expression to highlight which genes may serve as potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention. Methods: We calculated regional glucose metabolism differences in units of standardized uptake values (SUVR) for 386 cognitively healthy adults and 335 clinically probable AD patients. We then proceeded to extract gene-expression data from the publicly available Allen Human Brain Atlas (HBA) database. We used the nearest genes to 46 AD- and T2D-associated SNPs previously identified in the literature, and mapped their expression to the same 34 cortical regions in which we calculated SUVRs. SNPs with a donor consistency of 0.40 or greater were selected for further analysis. We evaluated the associations between SUVR and gene-expression across the brain. Results: Of the 46 risk-factor genes, 15 were found to be significantly correlated with FDG-PET brain metabolism in healthy adults and probable AD patients after correction for multiple comparisons. Using multiple regression, we found that five genes explained a total of 72.5% of the SUVR variance across the healthy adult group regions, while four genes explained a total of 79.3% of the SUVR variance across the probable AD group regions. There were significant differences in whole-brain SUVR as a function of allele frequencies for two genes. Conclusions: These results highlight the association between risk factor genes for T2D and regional glucose metabolism during both normal aging and in probable AD. Highlighted genes were associated with mitochondrial stability, vascular maintenance, and glucose intolerance. Pharmacological intervention of these pathways has the potential to improve glucose metabolism during normal again as well as in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Nugent
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Potvin
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen C Cunnane
- Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Sciences Center, Geriatrics Institute, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ting-Huei Chen
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Mathématiques et Statistiques, Faculté des Sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- Centre de Recherche CERVO de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Radiologie et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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17
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Chen Y, Chen L, Zhou Q. Genetic association between eNOS gene polymorphisms and risk of carotid atherosclerosis : A meta-analysis. Herz 2020; 46:253-264. [PMID: 33095272 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-020-04995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been reported to be involved in the atherosclerotic process. A number of studies have investigated the association between eNOS gene polymorphisms and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). However, the results are conflicting and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate precisely the association between the eNOS T786C, G894T, and 4a/4b polymorphisms and CAS risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS A meta-analysis was carried out by retrieving relevant studies from PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Cochrane databases without a restriction on publication year. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to describe the strength of the association with CAS. RESULTS Data were obtained from eight case-control studies comprising 2975 cases and 2624 controls. Significant associations were detected between the allelic and recessive models of the eNOS T786C polymorphism (allelic: p = 0.04; OR, 95% CI = 1.57 [1.01, 2.44]; recessive: p = 0.03; OR, 95% CI = 1.53 [1.04, 2.24]), as well as the allelic and dominant models of the eNOS 4a/4b polymorphism, and CAS risk in an Asian subgroup (allelic: p = 0.02; OR, 95% CI = 1.49 [1.07, 2.07]; dominant: p = 0.01; OR, 95% CI = 1.50 [1.09, 2.05]), but not in a Caucasian subgroup (p > 0.05). No association was observed between the eNOS G894T polymorphism and CAS risk (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that the allelic and recessive models of the eNOS T786C polymorphism and the allelic and dominant models of the eNOS 4a/4b polymorphism may increase the risk of CAS in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha Medical University, 410219, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha Medical University, 410219, Changsha, China
| | - Qiliang Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha Medical University, 410219, Changsha, China.
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, 410219, Changsha, China.
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Turley TN, O'Byrne MM, Kosel ML, de Andrade M, Gulati R, Hayes SN, Tweet MS, Olson TM. Identification of Susceptibility Loci for Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. JAMA Cardiol 2020; 5:929-938. [PMID: 32374345 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), an idiopathic disorder that predominantly affects young to middle-aged women, has emerged as an important cause of acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Objective To identify common single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with SCAD susceptibility. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-center genome-wide association study examined approximately 5 million genotyped and imputed SNVs and subsequent SNV-targeted replication analysis results in individuals enrolled in the Mayo Clinic SCAD registry from August 30, 2011, to August 2, 2018. Data analysis was performed from June 21, 2017, to December 30, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Genetic loci and positional candidate genes associated with SCAD. Results This study included 484 white women with SCAD (mean [SD] age, 46.6 [9.2] years) and 1477 white female controls in the discovery cohort (mean [SD] age, 64.0 [14.5] years) and 183 white women with SCAD (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [9.9] years) and 340 white female controls in the replication cohort (mean [SD] age, 51.0 [15.3] years). Associations with SCAD risk reached genome-wide significance at 3 loci (1q21.3 [OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.51-2.09; P = 2.63 × 10-12], 6p24.1 [OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.51-2.09; P = 7.09 × 10-12], and 12q13.3 [OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.42-1.97; P = 3.62 × 10-10]), and 7 loci had evidence suggestive of an association (1q24.2 [OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.58-2.79; P = 2.88 × 10-7], 3q22.3 [OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.26-1.71; P = 6.65 × 10-7], 4q34.3 [OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.44-2.35; P = 9.80 × 10-7], 8q24.3 [OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.76-3.75; P = 9.65 × 10-7], 15q21.1 [OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.40-2.18; P = 7.23 × 10-7], 16q24.1 [OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.49-2.44; P = 2.56 × 10-7], and 21q22.11 [OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.59-2.82; P = 3.12 × 10-7]) after adjusting for the top 5 principal components. Associations were validated for 5 of the 10 risk alleles in the replication cohort. In a meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts, associations for the 5 SNVs were significant, with relatively large effect sizes (1q21.3 [OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.54-2.03; P = 3.26 × 10-16], 6p24.1 [OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.49-1.97; P = 4.59 × 10-14], 12q13.3 [OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.47-1.94; P = 1.42 × 10-13], 15q21.1 [OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.48-2.17; P = 2.12 × 10-9], and 21q22.11 [OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.70-2.81; P = 1.09 × 10-9]). Each index SNV was within or near a gene highly expressed in arterial tissue and previously linked to SCAD (PHACTR1) and/or other vascular disorders (LRP1, LINC00310, and FBN1). Conclusions and Relevance This study revealed 5 replicated risk loci and positional candidate genes for SCAD, most of which are associated with extracoronary arteriopathies. Moreover, the alternate alleles of 3 SNVs have been previously associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, further implicating allelic susceptibility to coronary artery atherosclerosis vs dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiel N Turley
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Megan M O'Byrne
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew L Kosel
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rajiv Gulati
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sharonne N Hayes
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marysia S Tweet
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Timothy M Olson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Do AN, Watson CT, Cohain AT, Griffin RS, Grishin A, Wood RA, Wesley Burks A, Jones SM, Scurlock A, Leung DYM, Sampson HA, Sicherer SH, Sharp AJ, Schadt EE, Bunyavanich S. Dual transcriptomic and epigenomic study of reaction severity in peanut-allergic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1219-1230. [PMID: 31838046 PMCID: PMC7192362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unexpected allergic reactions to peanut are the most common cause of fatal food-related anaphylaxis. Mechanisms underlying the variable severity of peanut-allergic reactions remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We sought to expand mechanistic understanding of reaction severity in peanut allergy. METHODS We performed an integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic study of peanut-allergic children as they reacted in vivo during double-blind, placebo-controlled peanut challenges. We integrated whole-blood transcriptome and CD4+ T-cell epigenome profiles to identify molecular signatures of reaction severity (ie, how severely a peanut-allergic child reacts when exposed to peanut). A threshold-weighted reaction severity score was calculated for each subject based on symptoms experienced during peanut challenge and the eliciting dose. Through linear mixed effects modeling, network construction, and causal mediation analysis, we identified genes, CpGs, and their interactions that mediate reaction severity. Findings were replicated in an independent cohort. RESULTS We identified 318 genes with changes in expression during the course of reaction associated with reaction severity, and 203 CpG sites with differential DNA methylation associated with reaction severity. After replicating these findings in an independent cohort, we constructed interaction networks with the identified peanut severity genes and CpGs. These analyses and leukocyte deconvolution highlighted neutrophil-mediated immunity. We identified NFKBIA and ARG1 as hubs in the networks and 3 groups of interacting key node CpGs and peanut severity genes encompassing immune response, chemotaxis, and regulation of macroautophagy. In addition, we found that gene expression of PHACTR1 and ZNF121 causally mediates the association between methylation at corresponding CpGs and reaction severity, suggesting that methylation may serve as an anchor upon which gene expression modulates reaction severity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings enhance current mechanistic understanding of the genetic and epigenetic architecture of reaction severity in peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh N Do
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Ky
| | - Ariella T Cohain
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Robert S Griffin
- Department of Anesthesia, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Grishin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Robert A Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - A Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Stacie M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Ark
| | - Amy Scurlock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Ark
| | | | - Hugh A Sampson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Scott H Sicherer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Andrew J Sharp
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Supinda Bunyavanich
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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20
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Pan Y, Yu C, Huang J, Rong Y, Chen J, Chen M. Bioinformatics analysis of vascular RNA-seq data revealed hub genes and pathways in a novel Tibetan minipig atherosclerosis model induced by a high fat/cholesterol diet. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:54. [PMID: 32213192 PMCID: PMC7098151 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular events, however, its molecular mechanism remains poorly known. Animal models of atherosclerosis can be a valuable tool to provide insights into the etiology, pathophysiology, and complications of atherosclerosis. In particular, Tibetan minipigs are a feasible model for studying diet-related metabolic and atherosclerotic diseases. METHODS We used vascular transcriptomics to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in high fat/cholesterol (HFC) diet-fed Tibetan minipig atherosclerosis models, analyzed the DEGs gene ontology (GO) terms, pathways and protein-protein interactions (PPI) networks, and identified hub genes and key modules using molecular complex detection (MCODE), Centiscape and CytoHubba plugin. The identified genes were validated using the human carotid atherosclerosis database (GSEA 43292) and RT-PCR methods. RESULTS Our results showed that minipigs displayed obvious dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, atherosclerotic plaques, as well as increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and leukocyte recruitment after 24 weeks of HFC diet feeding compared to those under a regular diet. Our RNA-seq results revealed 1716 DEGs in the atherosclerotic/NC group, of which 1468 genes were up-regulated and 248 genes were down-regulated. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that the HFC diet-induced changes are related to vascular immune-inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism and muscle contraction, indicating that hypercholesterolemia caused by HFC diet can activate innate and adaptive immune responses to drive atherosclerosis development. Furthermore, we identified four modules from the major PPI network, which are implicated in cell chemotaxis, myeloid leukocyte activation, cytokine production, and lymphocyte activation. Fifteen hub genes were discovered, including TNF, PTPRC, ITGB2, ITGAM, VCAM1, CXCR4, TYROBP, TLR4, LCP2, C5AR1, CD86, MMP9, PTPN6, C3, and CXCL10, as well as two transcription factors (TF), i.e. NF-ĸB1 and SPI1. These results are consistent with the expression patterns in human carotid plaque and were validated by RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS The identified DEGs and their enriched pathways provide references for the development and progression mechanism of Tibetan minipig atherosclerosis model induced by the HFC diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Pan
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yili Rong
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Minli Chen
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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21
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Green IE, Williams SR, Sale MM, Keene KL, Worrall BB, Southerland AM. Differential expression of PHACTR1 in atheromatous versus normal carotid artery tissue. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:265-267. [PMID: 31980275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Variation in the phosphatase and actin regulator-1 (PHACTR1) gene, a downstream regulator of the endothelin-1 (EDN1) gene, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several related vascular phenotypes including atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, non-atherosclerotic coronary artery dissection, and carotid artery dissection, though it has not been studied in carotid atherosclerosis. We analyzed differential expression of PHACTR1 and EDN1 between atheromatous and non-atheromatous carotid artery tissue within the same individual and found lower levels of PHACTR1 expression in the atheromatous carotid tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana E Green
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, United States
| | | | - Michèle M Sale
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, United States
| | - Keith L Keene
- Department of Biology: Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, United States
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, United States
| | - Andrew M Southerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, United States.
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22
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Adlam D, Olson TM, Combaret N, Kovacic JC, Iismaa SE, Al-Hussaini A, O'Byrne MM, Bouajila S, Georges A, Mishra K, Braund PS, d'Escamard V, Huang S, Margaritis M, Nelson CP, de Andrade M, Kadian-Dodov D, Welch CA, Mazurkiewicz S, Jeunemaitre X, Wong CMY, Giannoulatou E, Sweeting M, Muller D, Wood A, McGrath-Cadell L, Fatkin D, Dunwoodie SL, Harvey R, Holloway C, Empana JP, Jouven X, Olin JW, Gulati R, Tweet MS, Hayes SN, Samani NJ, Graham RM, Motreff P, Bouatia-Naji N. Association of the PHACTR1/EDN1 Genetic Locus With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:58-66. [PMID: 30621952 PMCID: PMC10403154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) afflicting predominantly younger to middle-aged women. Observational studies have reported a high prevalence of extracoronary vascular anomalies, especially fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and a low prevalence of coincidental cases of atherosclerosis. PHACTR1/EDN1 is a genetic risk locus for several vascular diseases, including FMD and coronary artery disease, with the putative causal noncoding variant at the rs9349379 locus acting as a potential enhancer for the endothelin-1 (EDN1) gene. OBJECTIVES This study sought to test the association between the rs9349379 genotype and SCAD. METHODS Results from case control studies from France, United Kingdom, United States, and Australia were analyzed to test the association with SCAD risk, including age at first event, pregnancy-associated SCAD (P-SCAD), and recurrent SCAD. RESULTS The previously reported risk allele for FMD (rs9349379-A) was associated with a higher risk of SCAD in all studies. In a meta-analysis of 1,055 SCAD patients and 7,190 controls, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50 to 1.86) per copy of rs9349379-A. In a subset of 491 SCAD patients, the OR estimate was found to be higher for the association with SCAD in patients without FMD (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.53 to 2.33) than in SCAD cases with FMD (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.99). There was no effect of genotype on age at first event, P-SCAD, or recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The first genetic risk factor for SCAD was identified in the largest study conducted to date for this condition. This genetic link may contribute to the clinical overlap between SCAD and FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Adlam
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Timothy M Olson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nicolas Combaret
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Siiri E Iismaa
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abtehale Al-Hussaini
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Megan M O'Byrne
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sara Bouajila
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Georges
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ketan Mishra
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina d'Escamard
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Siying Huang
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marios Margaritis
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniella Kadian-Dodov
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Catherine A Welch
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephani Mazurkiewicz
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Claire Mei Yi Wong
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eleni Giannoulatou
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Sweeting
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - David Muller
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alice Wood
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy McGrath-Cadell
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally L Dunwoodie
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Harvey
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cameron Holloway
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jouven
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jeffrey W Olin
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rajiv Gulati
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marysia S Tweet
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sharonne N Hayes
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Graham
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pascal Motreff
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Kuveljic J, Djuric T, Stankovic A, Koncar I, Alavantic D, Zivkovic M. PHACTR1 haplotypes are associated with carotid plaque presence and affect PHACTR1 mRNA expression in carotid plaque tissue. Gene 2019; 710:273-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rychlik KA, Sillé FCM. Environmental exposures during pregnancy: Mechanistic effects on immunity. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:178-196. [PMID: 30708400 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In human studies, it is well established that exposures during embryonic and fetal development periods can influence immune health. Coupled with genetic predisposition, these exposures can alter lifetime chronic and infectious disease trajectory, and, ultimately, life expectancy. Fortunately, as research advances, mechanisms governing long-term effects of prenatal exposures are coming to light and providing the opportunity for intervention and risk reduction. For instance, human association studies have provided a foundation for the association of prenatal exposure to particulate matter with early immunosuppression and later allergic disease in the offspring. Only recently, the mechanisms mediating this response have been revealed and there is much we have yet to discover. Although cellular immune response is understood for many exposure scenarios, molecular pathways are still unidentified. This review will provide commentary and synthesis of the current literature regarding environmental exposures during pregnancy and mechanisms determining immune outcomes. Shared mechanistic features and current gaps in the state of the science are identified and discussed. To such purpose, we address exposures by their immune effect type: immunosuppression, autoimmunity, inflammation and tissue damage, hypersensitivity, and general immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal A Rychlik
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fenna C M Sillé
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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25
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Chen L, Qian H, Luo Z, Li D, Xu H, Chen J, He P, Zhou X, Zhang T, Chen J, Min X. PHACTR1 gene polymorphism with the risk of coronary artery disease in Chinese Han population. Postgrad Med J 2019; 95:67-71. [PMID: 30777881 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-136298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most frequent multifactorial disease worldwide and is characterised by endothelial injury, lipid deposition and coronary artery calcification. The purpose of this study was to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of two loci (rs2026458 and rs9349379) of phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) to the risk of developing CAD in the Chinese Han population. METHODS A case-control study was conducted including 332 patients with CAD and 119 controls. Genotype analysis was performed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Genetic model analysis was performed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and CAD susceptibility using Pearson's χ2 test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The GG genotype of rs9349379 represented 50% and 29% of patients with CAD and controls, respectively (p<0.001). The CC genotype of rs2026458 was more prevalent in the controls than in patients with CAD compared with TT genotype (OR=0.548, 95% CI 0.351 to 0.856, p=0.008). Logistic regression analyses revealed that PHACTR1 rs9349379 GG genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of CAD in the recessive model (OR=2.359, 95% CI 1.442 to 3.862, p=0.001), even after adjusting for age gender, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and smoking habit. Heterogeneity test proved that rs9349379's risk effects on CAD were more significant among women. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicate that the PHACTR1 rs9349379 polymorphism is associated with the increased risk for CAD in the female Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Chen
- Dongfeng Hospital Graduate Training Base, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hang Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhihuan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jishun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Peigen He
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xintao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xinwen Min
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Trans-ethnic association study of blood pressure determinants in over 750,000 individuals. Nat Genet 2019; 51:51-62. [PMID: 30578418 PMCID: PMC6365102 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this trans-ethnic multi-omic study, we reinterpret the genetic architecture of blood pressure to identify genes, tissues, phenomes and medication contexts of blood pressure homeostasis. We discovered 208 novel common blood pressure SNPs and 53 rare variants in genome-wide association studies of systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure in up to 776,078 participants from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) and collaborating studies, with analysis of the blood pressure clinical phenome in MVP. Our transcriptome-wide association study detected 4,043 blood pressure associations with genetically predicted gene expression of 840 genes in 45 tissues, and mouse renal single-cell RNA sequencing identified upregulated blood pressure genes in kidney tubule cells.
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Gengenbach BB, Müschen CR, Buyel JF. Expression and purification of human phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) in plant-based systems. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 151:46-55. [PMID: 29894805 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality especially in industrialized countries. The human phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) may be involved in such diseases, but its precise regulatory function remains unclear due to the large number of potential interaction partners. The same phenomenon makes this protein difficult to express in mammalian cells, but it is also an intrinsically disordered protein that likely aggregates when expressed in bacteria due to the absence of chaperones. We therefore used a design of experiments approach to test the suitability of three plant-based systems for the expression of satisfactory quantities of recombinant PHACTR1, namely transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 plant cell packs (PCPs), whole N. benthamiana leaves and BY-2 cell lysate (BYL). The highest yield was achieved using the BYL: up to 120 mg product kg-1 biomass equivalent within 48 h of translation. This was 1.3-fold higher than transient expression in N. benthamiana together with the silencing inhibitor p19, and 6-fold higher than the PCP system. The presence of Triton X-100 in the extraction buffer increased the recovery of PHACTR1 by 2-200-fold depending on the conditions. PHACTR1 was incompatible with biomass blanching and was stable for less than 16 h in raw plant extracts. Purification using a DDK-tag proved inefficient whereas 15% purity was achieved by immobilized metal affinity chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Gengenbach
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - C R Müschen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - J F Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Worringerweg 1, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Zhang Z, Jiang F, Zeng L, Wang X, Tu S. PHACTR1 regulates oxidative stress and inflammation to coronary artery endothelial cells via interaction with NF-κB/p65. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:180-189. [PMID: 30293016 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genome-wide association studies have showed that genetic variants in phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) are associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. However, the underlying mechanism of PHACTR1 in atherosclerosis remains unknown. METHODS Immunoblots were performed to evaluate the expression of PHACTR1 and phosphorylation of NF-κB signaling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) labeled with DCFH-DA were assessed by flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscope was used to detect the translocation of p65 in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HACECs). Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to determine the interaction of PHACTR1 with MRTF-A. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of PHACTR1 were markedly increased in carotid plaquescompared with normal carotid arteries. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that PHACTR1 was constitutively expressed in endothelial cells in carotid plaques. Knockdown of PHACTR1 reduced excessive ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and VE-cadherin expression induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in HCAECs. Additionally, silencing PHACTR1 alleviated p47phox phosphorylation and intracellular oxidative stress reflected by the reduction of ROS. Molecular experiments revealed that knockdown of PHACTR1 attenuated NF-κB activity without affecting IκBα and IKKα/β phosphorylation. In contrast, nuclear translation of p65 was blocked by depletion of PHACTR1. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation showed that PHACTR1 interacted with MRTF-A and p65 in HCAECs. Knockdown of MRTF-A suppressed the interaction of PHACTR1 with p65, subsequently blocking the nuclear translocation of p65. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggest that silencing PHACTR1 alleviates the nuclear accumulation of p65 and NF-κB via interaction with MRTF-A, ensuing attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation in HCAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Fenglin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Lixiong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Shan Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China.
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PHACTR1 genotype predicts coronary artery disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Lipidol 2018; 12:966-971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Codina-Fauteux VA, Beaudoin M, Lalonde S, Lo KS, Lettre G. PHACTR1 splicing isoforms and eQTLs in atherosclerosis-relevant human cells. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:97. [PMID: 29884117 PMCID: PMC5994109 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a variant (rs9349379) at the phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) locus that is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The same variant is also an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for PHACTR1 in human coronary arteries (hCA). Here, we sought to characterize PHACTR1 splicing pattern in atherosclerosis-relevant human cells. We also explored how rs9349379 modulates the expression of the different PHACTR1 splicing isoforms. Methods We combined rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) with next-generation long-read DNA sequencing to discover all PHACTR1 transcripts in many human tissues and cell types. We measured PHACTR1 transcripts by qPCR to identify transcript-specific eQTLs. Results We confirmed a brain-specific long transcript, a short transcript expressed in monocytes and four intermediate transcripts that are different due to alternative splicing of two in-frame exons. In contrast to a previous report, we confirmed that the PHACTR1 protein is present in vascular smooth muscle cells. In 158 hCA from our collection and the GTEx dataset, rs9349379 was only associated with the expression levels of the intermediate PHACTR1 transcripts. Conclusions Our comprehensive transcriptomic profiling of PHACTR1 indicates that this gene encodes six main transcripts. Five of them are expressed in hCA, where atherosclerotic plaques develop. In this tissue, genotypes at rs9349379 are associated with the expression of the intermediate transcripts, but not the immune-specific short transcript. This result suggests that rs9349379 may in part influence CAD by modulating the expression of intermediate PHACTR1 transcripts in endothelial or vascular smooth muscle cells found in hCA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-018-0616-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie-Anne Codina-Fauteux
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada.,Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mélissa Beaudoin
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Simon Lalonde
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montréal, Québec, H1T 1C8, Canada. .,Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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Di Monaco S, Georges A, Lengelé JP, Vikkula M, Persu A. Genomics of Fibromuscular Dysplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051526. [PMID: 29883369 PMCID: PMC5983654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) is “an idiopathic, segmental, non-atherosclerotic and non-inflammatory disease of the musculature of arterial walls, leading to stenosis of small and medium-sized arteries” (Persu, et al; 2014). FMD can lead to hypertension, arterial dissections, subarachnoid haemorrhage, stroke or mesenteric ischemia. The pathophysiology of the disease remains elusive. While familial cases are rare (<5%) in contemporary FMD registries, there is evidence in favour of the existence of multiple genetic factors involved in this vascular disease. Recent collaborative efforts allowed the identification of a first genetic locus associated with FMD. This intronic variant located in the phosphatase and actin regulator 1 gene (PHACTR1) may influence the transcription activity of the endothelin-1 gene (EDN1) located nearby on chromosome 6. Interestingly, the PHACTR1 locus has also been involved in vascular hypertrophy in normal subjects, carotid dissection, migraine and coronary artery disease. National and international registries of FMD patients, with deep and harmonised phenotypic and genetic characterisation, are expected to be instrumental to improve our understanding of the genetic basis and pathophysiology of this intriguing vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Monaco
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
| | - Adrien Georges
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), F-75015 Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Lengelé
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Nephrology, Grand Hôpital De Charleroi, 6060 Gilly, Belgium.
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alexandre Persu
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Zhao Q, Wei H, Liu D, Shi B, Li L, Yan M, Zhang X, Wang F, Ouyang Y. PHACTR1 and SLC22A3 gene polymorphisms are associated with reduced coronary artery disease risk in the male Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2018; 8:658-663. [PMID: 27893421 PMCID: PMC5352186 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that PHACTR1 and SLC22A3 are involved in coronary vascular development and are key determinants of cardiovascular disease risk. We conducted a case-control study to examine the effect of SLC22A3 and PHACTR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on CAD risk among 376 male CAD patients and 388 male healthy controls from China. Eleven SLC22A3 and PHACTR1 SNPs were selected and genotyped using Sequenom Mass-ARRAY technology. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age. The rs9381439 minor allele “A” (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.54–0.96; p = 0.024) in an allelic model was associated with reduced CAD risk, as were the rs2048327 “C/C” (OR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37–0.97; p = 0.036) and rs1810126 “T/T” (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.36–0.93; p = 0.024) genotypes. Likewise, the rs9349379 “A/G” genotype in a dominant model (p = 0.041), the rs1810126 “T/C” genotype in additive (p = 0.041) and recessive (p = 0.012) models, and the rs2048327 “C/T” genotype in a recessive model were associated with decreased CAD risk (p = 0.016). These results suggest several PHACTR1 and SLC22A3 polymorphisms are associated with decreased CAD risk in the male Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Zhao
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Huiyi Wei
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Baolan Shi
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China
| | - Lei Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, China
| | - Mengdan Yan
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- Xi'an Tiangen Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- Xi'an Tiangen Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Yongri Ouyang
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
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Perrotta I, Perri E. Ultrastructural, Elemental and Mineralogical Analysis of Vascular Calcification in Atherosclerosis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2017; 23:1030-1039. [PMID: 28874210 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927617012533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, remarkable progress has been achieved in terms of understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of atherosclerotic vascular calcification and the important role of matrix vesicles in initiating and propagating pathologic tissue mineralization has been widely recognized. Despite these recent advances, however, no definitive data are currently available regarding the texture and composition of the minerals that grow in the vessel wall during the course of the disease. Using different electron microscopy imaging and analysis, we demonstrate that vascular cells can produce and secrete more than one type of matrix vesicles which act as sites for initial mineral deposition independently of their structural features. Our results reveal that apatite formation in the atherosclerotic lesions of the human aorta occur through the deposition of amorphous calcium phosphate that matures over time, transforms into crystalline hydroxyapatite, and radiates towards the lumen of the vesicles, finally forming the calcified spherules. Elemental and mineralogical analyses also demonstrate that the presence of mature and stable amorphous calcium phosphate deposits in the affected tissues is linked to the incorporation of magnesium, which probably delay the conversion to the crystalline phase. Though more rarely, the presence of calcium oxalate crystals has been also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Perrotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza) 87036, Italy
| | - Edoardo Perri
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza) 87036, Italy
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Gupta RM, Hadaya J, Trehan A, Zekavat SM, Roselli C, Klarin D, Emdin CA, Hilvering CRE, Bianchi V, Mueller C, Khera AV, Ryan RJH, Engreitz JM, Issner R, Shoresh N, Epstein CB, de Laat W, Brown JD, Schnabel RB, Bernstein BE, Kathiresan S. A Genetic Variant Associated with Five Vascular Diseases Is a Distal Regulator of Endothelin-1 Gene Expression. Cell 2017; 170:522-533.e15. [PMID: 28753427 PMCID: PMC5785707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) implicate the PHACTR1 locus (6p24) in risk for five vascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, migraine headache, cervical artery dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia, and hypertension. Through genetic fine mapping, we prioritized rs9349379, a common SNP in the third intron of the PHACTR1 gene, as the putative causal variant. Epigenomic data from human tissue revealed an enhancer signature at rs9349379 exclusively in aorta, suggesting a regulatory function for this SNP in the vasculature. CRISPR-edited stem cell-derived endothelial cells demonstrate rs9349379 regulates expression of endothelin 1 (EDN1), a gene located 600 kb upstream of PHACTR1. The known physiologic effects of EDN1 on the vasculature may explain the pattern of risk for the five associated diseases. Overall, these data illustrate the integration of genetic, phenotypic, and epigenetic analysis to identify the biologic mechanism by which a common, non-coding variant can distally regulate a gene and contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat M Gupta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aditi Trehan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Carolina Roselli
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Connor A Emdin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Valerio Bianchi
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Mueller
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amit V Khera
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russell J H Ryan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robbyn Issner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noam Shoresh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Wouter de Laat
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan D Brown
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang L, Fumoto T, Masumoto S, Shoji T, Miura T, Naraoka M, Matsuda N, Imaizumi T, Ohkuma H. Regression of atherosclerosis with apple procyanidins by activating the ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 in a rabbit model. Atherosclerosis 2017; 258:56-64. [PMID: 28196336 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apple polyphenol contains abundant procyanidins, which have been associated with an anti-atherosclerosis and cholesterol-lowering effect. The aim of this study was to investigate whether apple procyanidins (APCs) feature therapeutic efficacy in terms of regressing atherosclerosis and whether this efficacy is due to mechanisms other than a cholesterol-lowering effect. METHODS After eight weeks on an atherogenic diet, rabbits were given a normal diet for another eight weeks to normalize the increased serum lipids level. The rabbits in the baseline group were sacrificed at this stage. The control group was subsequently fed a normal diet for eight weeks, while the APCs group was administrated 50 mg/kg/day of APCs in addition to the normal diet. Serum lipids and aortic intimal-medial thickness (IMT) were serially examined, and the resected aorta was examined histologically and through molecular biology. RESULTS Aortic IMT on ultrasonography and the lipid accumulation area examined using Sudan IV staining were significantly reduced in the APCs group as compared to the control group. Serum lipid profiles were not different between the groups. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly decreased staining of an oxidative stress marker and significantly increased staining of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) in the APCs group. Western blotting and RT-PCR also showed increased expression of ABCA1 mRNA and its protein in the APCs group. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that APCs administration causes a regression of atherosclerosis. APCs might hold promise as an anti-atherosclerotic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Toshio Fumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Saeko Masumoto
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shoji
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8605, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Masato Naraoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Naoya Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohkuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan.
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36
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Kiando SR, Tucker NR, Castro-Vega LJ, Katz A, D’Escamard V, Tréard C, Fraher D, Albuisson J, Kadian-Dodov D, Ye Z, Austin E, Yang ML, Hunker K, Barlassina C, Cusi D, Galan P, Empana JP, Jouven X, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Bruneval P, Hyun Kim ES, Olin JW, Gornik HL, Azizi M, Plouin PF, Ellinor PT, Kullo IJ, Milan DJ, Ganesh SK, Boutouyrie P, Kovacic JC, Jeunemaitre X, Bouatia-Naji N. PHACTR1 Is a Genetic Susceptibility Locus for Fibromuscular Dysplasia Supporting Its Complex Genetic Pattern of Inheritance. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006367. [PMID: 27792790 PMCID: PMC5085032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic vascular disease leading to stenosis, dissection and aneurysm affecting mainly the renal and cerebrovascular arteries. FMD is often an underdiagnosed cause of hypertension and stroke, has higher prevalence in females (~80%) but its pathophysiology is unclear. We analyzed ~26K common variants (MAF>0.05) generated by exome-chip arrays in 249 FMD patients and 689 controls. We replicated 13 loci (P<10-4) in 402 cases and 2,537 controls and confirmed an association between FMD and a variant in the phosphatase and actin regulator 1 gene (PHACTR1). Three additional case control cohorts including 512 cases and 669 replicated this result and overall reached the genomic level of significance (OR = 1.39, P = 7.4×10-10, 1,154 cases and 3,895 controls). The top variant, rs9349379, is intronic to PHACTR1, a risk locus for coronary artery disease, migraine, and cervical artery dissection. The analyses of geometrical parameters of carotids from ~2,500 healthy volunteers indicate higher intima media thickness (P = 1.97×10-4) and wall to lumen ratio (P = 0.002) in rs9349379-A carriers, suggesting indices of carotid hypertrophy previously described in carotids of FMD patients. Immunohistochemistry detected PHACTR1 in endothelium and smooth muscle cells of FMD and normal human carotids. The expression of PHACTR1 by genotypes in primary human fibroblasts showed higher expression in rs9349379-A carriers (N = 86, P = 0.003). Phactr1 knockdown in zebrafish resulted in dilated vessels indicating subtle impaired vascular development. We report the first susceptibility locus for FMD and provide evidence for a complex genetic pattern of inheritance and indices of shared pathophysiology between FMD and other cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soto Romuald Kiando
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
| | - Nathan R. Tucker
- Cardiovascular research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Luis-Jaime Castro-Vega
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
| | - Alexander Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Valentina D’Escamard
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030 New York, NY 10029, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cyrielle Tréard
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
| | - Daniel Fraher
- Cardiovascular research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Juliette Albuisson
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris, Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, FRANCE
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris, Department of Genetics, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, FRANCE
| | - Daniella Kadian-Dodov
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030 New York, NY 10029, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Erin Austin
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Min-Lee Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristina Hunker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cristina Barlassina
- Dept. of Health Sciences, Genomic and Bioinformatics Unit, Viale Ortles 22/4, Milano, Chair and Graduate School of Nephrology, University of Milano, Division of Nephrology, San Paolo Hospital, Milano, 20142,ITALY
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Centre of Research, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate - Milano
| | - Pilar Galan
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Group, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UMR University of Paris 13/Inserm U-557/INRA U-1125/CNAM, Bobigny, France F-93017, Bobigny, FRANCE
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
| | - Xavier Jouven
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, FRANCE
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris, Department of Genetics, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, FRANCE
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
| | - Esther Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Olin
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030 New York, NY 10029, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather L. Gornik
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Michel Azizi
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris, Department of Hypertension, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, FRANCE
- INSERM, Clinical Investigation Center CIC1418, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, FRANCE
| | - Pierre-François Plouin
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris, Department of Hypertension, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, FRANCE
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiovascular research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Iftikhar J. Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David J. Milan
- Cardiovascular research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Santhi K. Ganesh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris, Department of Pharmacology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, FRANCE
| | - Jason C. Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Cardiovascular Health Center at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030 New York, NY 10029, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris, Referral Center for Rare Vascular Diseases, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, FRANCE
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux De Paris, Department of Genetics, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, F-75015, FRANCE
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- INSERM, UMR970 Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris F-75015, FRANCE
- Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, FRANCE
- * E-mail:
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