1
|
Shi L, Li LJ, Sun XY, Chen YY, Luo D, He LP, Ji HJ, Gao WP, Shen HX. Er-Dong-Xiao-Ke decoction regulates lipid metabolism via PPARG-mediated UCP2/AMPK signaling to alleviate diabetic meibomian gland dysfunction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118484. [PMID: 38925318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), complicated by type 2 diabetes, is associated with a high incidence of ocular surface disease, and no effective drug treatment exists. Diabetes mellitus (DM) MGD shows a notable disturbance in lipid metabolism. Er-Dong-Xiao-Ke decoction (EDXKD) has important functions in nourishing yin, clearing heat, and removing blood stasis, which are effective in the treatment of DM MGD. AIM OF THE STUDY To observe the therapeutic effect of EDXKD on DM MGD and its underlying molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS After establishing a type 2 DM (T2DM)-induced MGD rat model, different doses of EDXKD and T0070907 were administered. The chemical constituents of EDXKD were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the molecular mechanism of EDXKD in treating DM MGD was predicted using network pharmacology. Lipid metabolism in DM meibomian glands (MGs) was analyzed using LC-MS/MS, and lipid biomarkers were screened and identified. Histological changes and lipid accumulation in MGs were detected by staining, and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) expression in MG acinar cells was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of lipid metabolism-related factors was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or western blotting. RESULTS EDXKD reduced lipid accumulation in the MGs and improved the ocular surface index in DM MGD rats. The main active components of EDXKD had advantages in lipid regulation. Additionally, the PPARG signaling pathway was the key pathway of EDXKD in the treatment of DM MGD. Twelve lipid metabolites were biomarkers of EDXKD in the treatment of DM MGD, and glycerophospholipid metabolism was the main pathway of lipid regulation. Moreover, EDXKD improved lipid deposition in the acini and upregulated the expression of PPARG. Further, EDXKD regulated the PPARG-mediated UCP2/AMPK signaling network, inhibited lipid production, and promoted lipid transport. CONCLUSION EDXKD is an effective treatment for MGD in patients with T2DM. EDXKD can regulate lipids by regulating the PPARG-mediated UCP2/AMPK signaling network, as it reduced lipid accumulation in the MGs of DM MGD rats, promoted lipid metabolism, and improved MG function and ocular surface indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liu-Jiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi-Ying Chen
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lu-Ping He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui-Jie Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei-Ping Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hu-Xing Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou S, Chen P, He J, Chen J, Zhang J, Mammano F, Yang J. Dietary intake of deuterium oxide decreases cochlear metabolism and oxidative stress levels in a mouse model of age-related hearing loss. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102472. [PMID: 36162258 PMCID: PMC9513171 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most prevalent sensory disorder in the elderly. Currently, no treatment can effectively prevent or reverse ARHL. Aging auditory organs are often accompanied by exacerbated oxidative stress and metabolic deterioration. Here, we report the effect of deuterated oxygen (D2O), also known as "heavy water", mouse models of ARHL. Supplementing the normal mouse diet with 10% D2O from 4 to 9 weeks of age lowered hearing thresholds at selected frequencies in treated mice compared to untreated control group. Oxidative stress levels were significantly reduced and in the cochlear duct of treated vs. untreated mice. Through metabolic flux analysis, we found that D2O mainly slowed down catabolic reactions, and may delay metabolic deterioration related to aging to a certain extent. Experiments confirmed that the Nrf2/HO-1/glutathione axis was down-regulated in treated mice. Thus, D2O supplementation can hinder ARHL progression in mouse models by slowing the pace of metabolism and reducing endogenous oxidative stress production in the cochlea. These findings open new avenues for protecting the cochlea from oxidative stress and regulating metabolism to prevent ARHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shule Hou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Ear Institute, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Penghui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Ear Institute, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingchun He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Ear Institute, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Ear Institute, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifang Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Ear Institute, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Fabio Mammano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padua, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, Monterotondo, Italy.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Ear Institute, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li H, Zhang O, Hui C, Huang Y, Shao H, Song M, Gao L, Jin S, Ding C, Xu L. Deuterium-Reinforced Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Reducing Oxidative Stress. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:790. [PMID: 35744053 PMCID: PMC9228393 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Oxidative stress is implicated in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through the triggering of inflammation. Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids (D-PUFAs) are more resistant to the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-initiated chain reaction of lipid peroxidation than regular hydrogenated (H-) PUFAs. Here, we aimed to investigate the impacts of D-PUFAs on oxidative stress and its protective effect on NASH. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups and were fed a normal chow diet, a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet, and an MCD with 0.6% D-PUFAs for 5 weeks. The phenotypes of NASH in mice were determined. The levels of oxidative stress were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Results: The treatment with D-PUFAs attenuated the ROS production and enhanced the cell viability in tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-loaded hepatocytes. Concurrently, D-PUFAs decreased the TBHP-induced oxidative stress in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Accordingly, D-PUFAs increased the cell viability and attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine expression of macrophages. In vivo, the administration of D-PUFAs reduced the phenotypes of NASH in MCD-fed mice. Specifically, D-PUFAs decreased the liver transaminase activity and attenuated the steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in the livers of NASH mice. Conclusion: D-PUFAs may be potential therapeutic agents to prevent NASH by broadly reducing oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.L.); (O.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Ouyang Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.L.); (O.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Chenmin Hui
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.L.); (O.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Yaxin Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.L.); (O.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Hengrong Shao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.L.); (O.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Menghui Song
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.L.); (O.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Lingjia Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.L.); (O.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Shengnan Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.L.); (O.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chunming Ding
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.L.); (O.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (H.L.); (O.Z.); (C.H.); (Y.H.); (H.S.); (M.S.); (L.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fraser DA, Wang X, Lund J, Nikolić N, Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta M, Skjaeret T, Alonso C, Kastelein JJP, Rustan AC, Kim YO, Schuppan D. A structurally engineered fatty acid, icosabutate, suppresses liver inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. J Hepatol 2022; 76:800-811. [PMID: 34915054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (LCn-3FAs) regulate inflammatory pathways of relevance to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), their susceptibility to peroxidation may limit their therapeutic potential. We compared the metabolism of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) with an engineered EPA derivative (icosabutate) in human hepatocytes in vitro and their effects on hepatic glutathione metabolism, oxidised lipids, inflammation, and fibrosis in a dietary mouse model of NASH, and in patients prone to fatty liver disease. METHODS Oxidation rates and cellular partitioning of EPA and icosabutate were compared in primary human hepatocytes. Comparative effects of delayed treatment with either low- (56 mg/kg) or high-dose (112 mg/kg) icosabutate were compared with EPA (91 mg/kg) or a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist in a choline-deficient (CD), L-amino acid-defined NASH mouse model. To assess the translational potential of these findings, effects on elevated liver enzymes and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score were assessed in overweight, hyperlipidaemic patients at an increased risk of NASH. RESULTS In contrast to EPA, icosabutate resisted oxidation and incorporation into hepatocytes. Icosabutate also reduced inflammation and fibrosis in conjunction with a reversal of CD diet-induced changes in the hepatic lipidome. EPA had minimal effect on any parameter and even worsened fibrosis in association with depletion of hepatic glutathione. In dyslipidaemic patients at risk of NASH, icosabutate rapidly normalised elevated plasma ALT, GGT and AST and reduced FIB-4 in patients with elevated ALT and/or AST. CONCLUSION Icosabutate does not accumulate in hepatocytes and confers beneficial effects on hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in mice. In conjunction with reductions in markers of liver injury in hyperlipidaemic patients, these findings suggest that structural engineering of LCn-3FAs offers a novel approach for the treatment of NASH. LAY SUMMARY Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids are involved in multiple pathways regulating hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, but their susceptibility to peroxidation and use as an energy source may limit their clinical efficacy. Herein, we show that a structurally modified omega-3 fatty acid, icosabutate, overcame these challenges and had markedly improved antifibrotic efficacy in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. A hepatoprotective effect of icosabutate was also observed in patients with elevated circulating lipids, in whom it led to rapid reductions in markers of liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenny Lund
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Nataša Nikolić
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - John J P Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Y, Bell BA, Song Y, Zhang K, Anderson B, Axelsen PH, Bohannan W, Agbaga M, Park HG, James G, Brenna JT, Schmidt K, Dunaief JL, Shchepinov MS. Deuterated docosahexaenoic acid protects against oxidative stress and geographic atrophy-like retinal degeneration in a mouse model with iron overload. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13579. [PMID: 35257475 PMCID: PMC9009113 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a central role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Iron, a potent generator of hydroxyl radicals through the Fenton reaction, has been implicated in AMD. One easily oxidized molecule is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in photoreceptor membranes. Oxidation of DHA produces toxic oxidation products including carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP) adducts, which are increased in the retinas of AMD patients. In this study, we hypothesized that deuterium substitution on the bis-allylic sites of DHA in photoreceptor membranes could prevent iron-induced retinal degeneration by inhibiting oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Mice were fed with either DHA deuterated at the oxidation-prone positions (D-DHA) or control natural DHA and then given an intravitreal injection of iron or control saline. Orally administered D-DHA caused a dose-dependent increase in D-DHA levels in the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as measured by mass spectrometry. At 1 week after iron injection, D-DHA provided nearly complete protection against iron-induced retinal autofluorescence and retinal degeneration, as determined by in vivo imaging, electroretinography, and histology. Iron injection resulted in carboxyethylpyrrole conjugate immunoreactivity in photoreceptors and RPE in mice fed with natural DHA but not D-DHA. Quantitative PCR results were consistent with iron-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and retinal cell death in mice fed with natural DHA but not D-DHA. Taken together, our findings suggest that DHA oxidation is central to the pathogenesis of iron-induced retinal degeneration. They also provide preclinical evidence that dosing with D-DHA could be a viable therapeutic strategy for retinal diseases involving oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingrui Liu
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular OphthalmologyScheie Eye InstitutePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brent A. Bell
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular OphthalmologyScheie Eye InstitutePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ying Song
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular OphthalmologyScheie Eye InstitutePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kevin Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular OphthalmologyScheie Eye InstitutePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brandon Anderson
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular OphthalmologyScheie Eye InstitutePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Paul H. Axelsen
- Department of PharmacologyPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Whitney Bohannan
- Departments of Cell Biology and OphthalmologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and the Dean McGee Eye InstituteOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Martin‐Paul Agbaga
- Departments of Cell Biology and OphthalmologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and the Dean McGee Eye InstituteOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Dell Pediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Genevieve James
- Dell Pediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - J. Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research InstituteUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | | | - Joshua L. Dunaief
- F.M. Kirby Center for Molecular OphthalmologyScheie Eye InstitutePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferroptosis: the potential value target in atherosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:782. [PMID: 34376636 PMCID: PMC8355346 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In advanced atherosclerosis (AS), defective function-induced cell death leads to the formation of the characteristic necrotic core and vulnerable plaque. The forms and mechanisms of cell death in AS have recently been elucidated. Among them, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of necrosis that is characterized by oxidative damage to phospholipids, promotes AS by accelerating endothelial dysfunction in lipid peroxidation. Moreover, disordered intracellular iron causes damage to macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), vascular endothelial cells (VECs), and affects many risk factors or pathologic processes of AS such as disturbances in lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. However, the mechanisms through which ferroptosis initiates the development and progression of AS have not been established. This review explains the possible correlations between AS and ferroptosis, and provides a reliable theoretical basis for future studies on its mechanism.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan N, Wang L, Li Y, Wang T, Yang L, Yan R, Wang H, Jia S. Metformin intervention ameliorates AS in ApoE-/- mice through restoring gut dysbiosis and anti-inflammation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254321. [PMID: 34264978 PMCID: PMC8282009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is closely associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Metformin (MET) presents pleiotropic benefits in the control of chronic metabolic diseases, but the impacts of MET intervention on gut microbiota and inflammation in AS remain largely unclear. In this study, ApoE-/- mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) were adopted to assess the MET treatment. After 12 weeks of MET intervention (100mg·kg-1·d-1), relevant indications were investigated. As indicated by the pathological measurements, the atherosclerotic lesion was alleviated with MET intervention. Moreover, parameters in AS including body weights (BWs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated; whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) levels were decreased, which could be reversed by MET intervention. Elevated pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and lipopolysaccaride (LPS) in AS were decreased after MET administration. However, anti-inflammatory IL-10 showed no significant difference between AS group and AS+MET group. Consistently, accumulated macrophages in the aorta of AS were conversely lowered with MET treatment. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and analysis displayed that the overall community of gut microbiota in AS was notably changed with MET treatment mainly through decreasing Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Romboutsia, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, as well as increasing Akkermansia, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium. Additionally, we found that microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid in AS were decreased, which were significantly up-regulated with MET intervention. Consistent with the attenuation of MET on gut dysbiosis, decreased intestinal tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO)-1 in AS was restored after MET supplementation. Correlation analysis showed close relationships among gut bacteria, microbial metabolites SCFAs and inflammation. Collectively, MET intervention ameliorates AS in ApoE-/- mice through restoring gut dysbiosis and anti-inflammation, thus can potentially serve as an inexpensive and effective intervention for the control of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yan
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Libo Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ru Yan
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shaobin Jia
- Heart Centre & Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paknahad Z, Moosavian SP, Mahdavi R, Rajabi P. The effects of olive oil and cholesterol enriched diets on aortic fatty streak development and lipid peroxidation in rabbits. Nutr Health 2021; 28:417-424. [PMID: 34139909 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211022260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM High plasma cholesterol levels, mainly low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) is a widely recognized major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). According to epidemiologic studies' findings, people from the Mediterranean countries have lower CHD rates than other countries; in these countries the usual diet is high in olive oil. The present study compares the effects of a cholesterol-enriched diet with or without adding olive oil on serum lipoproteins, lipid peroxidation, and atherosclerosis development. METHODS Twenty Dutch male rabbits were categorized into four groups (one group as control, and others as experimental). They received one of control (CON), olive oil-rich (OIL), cholesterol-rich (CHOL), and cholesterol + olive oil (COIL) diet for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples from the heart were collected at the beginning and the end of the experimental period. RESULTS Means of serum lipids were not significantly different at the beginning of the experimental period. After the intervention, significant differences were shown in total cholesterol (TC) (CON: 27.75 ± 4.83, OIL: 19.75 ± 2.62, CHOL: 1757.20 ± 149.62, COIL: 2906.40 ± 421.01; P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (CON: 16 ± 1.47, OIL: 10.25 ± 1.70, CHOL: 22.2 ± 3.83, COIL: 28.60 ± 6.27; P = 0.04), triglyceride (CON: 65 ± 12.21, OIL: 71.75 ± 6.23, CHOL: 244.2 ± 44.45, COIL: 775.6 ± 105.07; P < 0.001), and MDA between groups (CON: 0.57 ± 0.10, OIL: 0.63 ± 0.15, CHOL: 5.62 ± 0.18, COIL: 2.06 ± 0.64; P < 0.001). The comparison of CHOL and the COIL groups showed a higher mean of malondialdehyde (MDA) in group CHOL (4.47 ± 0.28 vs 1.1 ± 0.6; P < 0.001). Aortic lesion was not observed in CON and OIL groups. Aortic lesion degree was significantly lower in the COIL group compared to the CHOL (2.4 ± 0.6 vs 3.66 ± 0.33; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These findings showed the preventive effect of olive oil on atherosclerosis development. However, it is independent of the plasma lipoprotein effect, and olive oil probably acts on arteries directly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zamzam Paknahad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Rajabi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hwang KN, Tung HP, Lu YH, Shaw HM. Liquid Chicken Oil Could Be a Healthy Dietary Oil. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1157-1164. [PMID: 34349090 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid chicken oil is similar to the human lipid ratio, and is similar to the ideal fatty acids ratio suggested by Hayes, but its benefits remain unclear (Hwang, K.N.; Tung, H.P.; Shaw, H.M. J. Oleo. Sci. 69, 199-206 (2020)). Using soybean oil as a control, liquid chicken oil, coconut oil, lard oil, and olive oil, were tested on SD rats with the rodent diet 5001 plus 1% of high cholesterol addition and moderate 10 % of test oils. Positive results showed that a 10% liquid chicken oil diet reduced LDL and triglycerides, atherogenic index while increasing superoxide dismutase more than the soybean oil control (0.05 ≦ p < 0.10). Moreover, increment of hepatic endogenous glutathione peroxidase was found to be significantly different from the soybean oil control (p < 0.05). In this study, liquid chicken oil had more benefits than vegetable soybean dietary oil, with little evidence of hyperlipidemia. Comparison of the test oils with categories of fatty acids to the idea ratio SFA : MUFA : PUFA = 1 : 1.5 : 1, scored by its average weight implied a parallel trend of lipidemia and hepatic antioxidant activity to its score. It is difficult to use the test of rat to reflect human physiology, it remain 19% different of the fatty acids ratio from human ratio, however, this study reveal that the healthiness of a dietary oil seems relate well to its compatibility to the idea ratio or the host oil ratio, in this case, it is the human ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Huey-Ping Tung
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Department of Pharmacy
| | - Ying-Hua Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
| | - Huey-Mei Shaw
- Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Department of Health and Nutrition, Science
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nepachalovich PS, Shadyro OI, Bekish AV, Shmanai VV. The influence of H/D kinetic isotope effect on radiation-induced transformations of hydroxyl-containing compounds in aqueous solutions. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:732-744. [PMID: 33070642 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1838502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vicinal diols and its derivatives can be exploited as model compounds for the investigation of radiation-induced free-radical transformations of hydroxyl-containing biomolecules such as carbohydrates, phospholipids, ribonucleotides, amino acids, and peptides. In this paper, for the first time, the prospects of isotope reinforcement approach in inhibiting free-radical transformations of hydroxyl-containing compounds in aqueous solutions are investigated on the example of radiolysis of 1,2-propanediol and 1,2-propanediol-2-d1 aqueous solutions. At an absorbed dose rate of 0.110 ± 0.003 Gy·s-1 a profound kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is observed for the non-branched chain formation of acetone, which is a final dehydration product of predominant carbon-centred radicals CH3·C(OH)CH2OH. In 0.1 and 1 M deaerated solutions at pH 7.00 ± 0.01, the values of KIE are 8.9 ± 1.7 and 15.3 ± 3.1, respectively. A rationale for the fact that a strong KIE takes place only in the case of chain processes, which may occur during free-radical transformations of vicinal diols, is also provided herein based on the results of 2-propanol and 2-propanol-2-d1 indirect radiolysis. Lastly, the lack of KIE is shown in the case of 2-butanone formation from 2,3-butanediol or 2,3-butanediol-2,3-d2. This indicates that the type (primary, secondary) of the β-carbonyl radicals formed as a result of CH3·C(OH)CH(OH)R (R = H, CH3) dehydration determines the manifestation of the effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palina S Nepachalovich
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Oleg I Shadyro
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus.,Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Andrei V Bekish
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vadim V Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science, Minsk, Belarus
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mechanistic Insights into the Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5245308. [PMID: 33014272 PMCID: PMC7512065 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5245308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia has a prominent role in the onset of notorious atherosclerosis, a disease of medium to large arteries. Atherosclerosis is the prime root of cardiovascular events contributing to the most considerable number of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Factors like cellular senescence, genetics, clonal haematopoiesis, sedentary lifestyle-induced obesity, or diabetes mellitus upsurge the tendency of atherosclerosis and are foremost pioneers to definitive transience. Accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (Ox-LDLs) in the tunica intima triggers the onset of this disease. In the later period of progression, the build-up plaques rupture ensuing thrombosis (completely blocking the blood flow), causing myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart attack, all of which are common atherosclerotic cardiovascular events today. The underlying mechanism is very well elucidated in literature but the therapeutic measures remains to be unleashed. Researchers tussle to demonstrate a clear understanding of treating mechanisms. A century of research suggests that lowering LDL, statin-mediated treatment, HDL, and lipid-profile management should be of prime interest to retard atherosclerosis-induced deaths. We shall brief the Ox-LDL-induced atherogenic mechanism and the treating measures in line to impede the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Demidov VV. Site-specifically deuterated essential lipids as new drugs against neuronal, retinal and vascular degeneration. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1469-1476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
13
|
Saturated Fats and Health: A Reassessment and Proposal for Food-Based Recommendations: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:844-857. [PMID: 32562735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The recommendation to limit dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake has persisted despite mounting evidence to the contrary. Most recent meta-analyses of randomized trials and observational studies found no beneficial effects of reducing SFA intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality, and instead found protective effects against stroke. Although SFAs increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, in most individuals, this is not due to increasing levels of small, dense LDL particles, but rather larger LDL particles, which are much less strongly related to CVD risk. It is also apparent that the health effects of foods cannot be predicted by their content in any nutrient group without considering the overall macronutrient distribution. Whole-fat dairy, unprocessed meat, and dark chocolate are SFA-rich foods with a complex matrix that are not associated with increased risk of CVD. The totality of available evidence does not support further limiting the intake of such foods.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shchepinov MS. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deuteration against Neurodegeneration. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:236-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
15
|
Emerging Roles of 5-Lipoxygenase Phosphorylation in Inflammation and Cell Death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2749173. [PMID: 31871543 PMCID: PMC6906800 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2749173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is an iron-containing and nonheme dioxygenase that catalyzes the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid. ALOX5 is the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, a family of proinflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid. ALOX5 also make great contributions to mediating lipid peroxidation. In recent years, it has been discovered that ALOX5 plays a central role in cell death including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, a newly discovered type of cell death. According to the previous studies, ALOX5 can regulate cell death in two ways: one is inflammation and the other is lipid peroxidation. Meanwhile, it has been shown that ALOX5 activity is regulated by several factors including protein phosphorylation, ALOX5-interactng protein, redox state, and metal ions such as iron and calcium. In this review, we aim to summarize the knowledge on the emerging roles of ALOX5 protein phosphorylation in the regulation of cell death and inflammation in order to explore a potential target for human diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Basov A, Fedulova L, Vasilevskaya E, Dzhimak S. Possible Mechanisms of Biological Effects Observed in Living Systems during 2H/ 1H Isotope Fractionation and Deuterium Interactions with Other Biogenic Isotopes. Molecules 2019; 24:E4101. [PMID: 31766268 PMCID: PMC6891295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the original descriptions of some recent physics mechanisms (based on the thermodynamic, kinetic, and quantum tunnel effects) providing stable 2H/1H isotope fractionation, leading to the accumulation of particular isotopic forms in intra- or intercellular space, including the molecular effects of deuterium interaction with 18O/17O/16O, 15N/14N, 13C/12C, and other stable biogenic isotopes. These effects were observed mainly at the organelle (mitochondria) and cell levels. A new hypothesis for heavy nonradioactive isotope fractionation in living systems via neutron effect realization is discussed. The comparative analysis of some experimental studies results revealed the following observation: "Isotopic shock" is highly probable and is observed mostly when chemical bonds form between atoms with a summary odd number of neutrons (i.e., bonds with a non-compensated neutron, which correspond to the following equation: Nn - Np = 2k + 1, where k ϵ Z, k is the integer, Z is the set of non-negative integers, Nn is number of neutrons, and Np is number of protons of each individual atom, or in pair of isotopes with a chemical bond). Data on the efficacy and metabolic pathways of the therapy also considered 2H-modified drinking and diet for some diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Friedreich's ataxia, mitochondrial disorders, diabetes, cerebral hypoxia, Parkinson's disease, and brain cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Basov
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry, Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar 350063, Russia;
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanotechnology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia
| | - Liliya Fedulova
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia; (L.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Ekaterina Vasilevskaya
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia; (L.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Stepan Dzhimak
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanotechnology, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 109316, Russia; (L.F.); (E.V.)
- Federal Research Center the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bis-allylic Deuterated DHA Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Retinal Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100447. [PMID: 31581525 PMCID: PMC6826779 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in developing and accelerating retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, n-3), the main lipid constituent of retinal epithelial cell membranes, is highly prone to radical and enzymatic oxidation leading to deleterious or beneficial metabolites for retinal tissue. To inhibit radical oxidation while preserving enzymatic metabolism, deuterium was incorporated at specific positions of DHA, resulting in D2-DHA when incorporated at position 6 and D4-DHA when incorporated at the 6,9 bis-allylic positions. Both derivatives were able to decrease DHAs’ toxicity and free radical processes involved in lipid peroxidation, in ARPE-19 cells (Adult Retinal Pigment Epithelial cell line), under pro-oxidant conditions. Our positive results encouraged us to prepare lipophenolic-deuterated-DHA conjugates as possible drug candidates for AMD treatment. These novel derivatives proved efficient in limiting lipid peroxidation in ARPE-19 cells. Finally, we evaluated the underlying mechanisms and the enzymatic conversion of both deuterated DHA. While radical abstraction was affected at the deuterium incorporation sites, enzymatic conversion by the lipoxygenase 15s-LOX was not impacted. Our results suggest that site-specifically deuterated DHA could be used in the development of DHA conjugates for treatment of oxidative stress driven diseases, or as biological tools to study the roles, activities and mechanisms of DHA metabolites.
Collapse
|
18
|
Firsov AM, Fomich MA, Bekish AV, Sharko OL, Kotova EA, Saal HJ, Vidovic D, Shmanai VV, Pratt DA, Antonenko YN, Shchepinov MS. Threshold protective effect of deuterated polyunsaturated fatty acids on peroxidation of lipid bilayers. FEBS J 2019; 286:2099-2117. [PMID: 30851224 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) damages lipid membranes and generates numerous toxic by-products implicated in neurodegeneration, aging, and other pathologies. Abstraction of bis-allylic hydrogen atoms is the rate-limiting step of PUFA autoxidation, which is inhibited by replacing bis-allylic hydrogens with deuterium atoms (D-PUFAs). In cells, the presence of a relatively small fraction of D-PUFAs among natural PUFAs is sufficient to effectively inhibit lipid peroxidation (LPO). Here, we investigate the effect of various D-PUFAs on the stability of liposomes under oxidative stress conditions. The permeability of vesicle membranes to fluorescent dyes was measured as a proxy for bilayer integrity, and the formation of conjugated dienes was monitored as a proxy for LPO. Remarkably, both approaches reveal a similar threshold for the protective effect of D-PUFAs in liposomes. We show that protection rendered by D-PUFAs depends on the structure of the deuterated fatty acid. Our findings suggest that protection of PUFAs against autoxidation depends on the total level of deuterated bi-sallylic (CD2 ) groups present in the lipid bilayer. However, the phospholipid containing 6,6,9,9,12,12,15,15,18,18-d10 -docosahexaenoic acid exerts a stronger protective effect than should be expected from its deuteration level. These findings further support the application of D-PUFAs as preventive/therapeutic agents in numerous pathologies that involve LPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Firsov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Maksim A Fomich
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Andrei V Bekish
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Olga L Sharko
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Elena A Kotova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | | | - Dragoslav Vidovic
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vadim V Shmanai
- Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yuri N Antonenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Pirali T, Serafini M, Cargnin S, Genazzani AA. Applications of Deuterium in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5276-5297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Pirali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sarah Cargnin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deuterated Arachidonic Acids Library for Regulation of Inflammation and Controlled Synthesis of Eicosanoids: An In Vitro Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123331. [PMID: 30558277 PMCID: PMC6321560 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of signal lipids, including eicosanoids, is not fully understood, although it is key to the modulation of various inflammatory states. Recently, isotopologues of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) deuterated at bis-allylic positions (D-PUFAs) have been proposed as inhibitors of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) in various disease models. Arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n-6) is the main precursor to several classes of eicosanoids, which are produced by cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX). In this study we analyzed the relative activity of human recombinant enzymes COX-2, 5-LOX, and 15-LOX-2 using a library of arachidonic acids variably deuterated at the bis-allylic (C7, C10, and C13) positions. Kinetic parameters (KM, Vmax) and isotope effects calculated from kH/kD for seven deuterated arachidonic acid derivatives were obtained. Spectroscopic methods have shown that deuteration at the 13th position dramatically affects the kinetic parameters of COX-2 and 15-LOX-2. The activity of 5-LOX was evaluated by measuring hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (8-HETE and 5-HETE) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Deuteration at the seventh and 10th positions affects the performance of the 5-LOX enzyme. A flowchart is proposed suggesting how to modulate the synthesis of selected eicosanoids using the library of deuterated isotopologues to potentially fine-tune various inflammation stages.
Collapse
|
22
|
Oxidative Stress in the Male Germline: A Review of Novel Strategies to Reduce 4-Hydroxynonenal Production. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100132. [PMID: 30282920 PMCID: PMC6209867 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline oxidative stress is intimately linked to several reproductive pathologies including a failure of sperm-egg recognition. The lipid aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) is particularly damaging to the process of sperm-egg recognition as it compromises the function and the stability of several germline proteins. Considering mature spermatozoa do not have the capacity for de novo protein translation, 4HNE modification of proteins in the mature gametes has uniquely severe consequences for protein homeostasis, cell function and cell survival. In somatic cells, 4HNE overproduction has been attributed to the action of lipoxygenase enzymes that facilitate the oxygenation and degradation of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Accordingly, the arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) enzyme has been intrinsically linked with 4HNE production, and resultant pathophysiology in various complex conditions such as coronary artery disease and multiple sclerosis. While ALOX15 has not been well characterized in germ cells, we postulate that ALOX15 inhibition may pose a new strategy to prevent 4HNE-induced protein modifications in the male germline. In this light, this review focuses on (i) 4HNE-induced protein damage in the male germline and its implications for fertility; and (ii) new methods for the prevention of lipid peroxidation in germ cells.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hatami A, Zhu C, Relaño-Gines A, Elias C, Galstyan A, Jun M, Milne G, Cantor CR, Chesselet MF, Shchepinov MS. Deuterium-reinforced linoleic acid lowers lipid peroxidation and mitigates cognitive impairment in the Q140 knock in mouse model of Huntington's disease. FEBS J 2018; 285:3002-3012. [PMID: 29933522 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease which has no effective treatment and is characterized by psychiatric disorders, motor alterations, and dementia, with the cognitive deficits representing a devastating aspect of the disorder. Oxidative stress and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products are found in mouse models and patients with HD, suggesting that strategies to reduce LPO may be beneficial in HD. In contrast with traditional antioxidants, substituting hydrogen with deuterium at bis-allylic sites in polyunsaturated fatty acids (D-PUFA) decreases the rate-limiting initiation step of PUFA autoxidation, a strategy that has shown benefits in other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated the effect of D-PUFA treatment in a knock-in mouse model of HD (Q140) which presents motor deficits and neuropathology from a few months of age, and progressive cognitive decline. Q140 knock-in mice were fed a diet containing either D- or H-PUFAs for 5 months starting at 1 month of age. D-PUFA treatment significantly decreased F2 -isoprostanes in the striatum by approximately 80% as compared to H-PUFA treatment and improved performance in novel object recognition tests, without significantly changing motor deficits or huntingtin aggregation. Therefore, D-PUFA administration represents a promising new strategy to broadly reduce rates of LPO, and may be useful in improving a subset of the core deficits in HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asa Hatami
- Department of Neurology, the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chunni Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aroa Relaño-Gines
- Department of Neurology, the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chris Elias
- Department of Neurology, the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arpine Galstyan
- Department of Neurology, the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Jun
- Department of Neurology, the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ginger Milne
- Vanderbilt Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Marie-Francoise Chesselet
- Department of Neurology, the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Navratil A, Shchepinov MS, Dennis EA. Lipidomics Reveals Dramatic Physiological Kinetic Isotope Effects during the Enzymatic Oxygenation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ex Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:235-243. [PMID: 29206462 PMCID: PMC5765537 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4) is an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the main precursor to the class of lipid mediators known as eicosanoids. The enzymes that catalyze the oxygenation of AA begin by abstracting hydrogen from one of three bis-allylic carbons within 1,4-cis,cis-diene units. Substitution of deuterium for hydrogen has been shown to lead to massive kinetic isotope effects (KIE) for soybean lipoxygenase (sLOX) oxygenation of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2). Yet, experimental determination of the KIE during oxygenation of AA and LA by mammalian enzymes including cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) has revealed far lower values. All prior studies investigating the KIE of PUFA oxygenation have relied on in vitro systems using purified enzymes and were limited by availability of deuterated substrates. Here we demonstrate the use of macrophages as an ex vivo model system to study the physiological KIE (PKIE) during enzymatic AA oxygenation by living cells using a newly synthesized library of deuterated AA isotopologues. By extending lipidomic UPLC-MS/MS approaches to simultaneously quantify native and deuterated lipid products, we were able to demonstrate that the magnitude of the PKIE measured in macrophages for COX and LOX oxygenation of AA is similar to KIEs determined in previous reports using the AA isotopologue deuterated at carbon 13 (C13). However, for the first time we show that increasing the number of deuterated bis-allylic carbons to include both C10 and C13 leads to a massive increase in the PKIE for COX oxygenation of AA. We provide evidence that hydrogen(s) present at C10 of AA play a critical role in the catalysis of prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. Furthermore, we discovered that deuteration of C10 promotes the formation of the resolving lipid mediator lipoxin B4, likely by interfering with AA cyclization and shunting AA to the LOX pathway under physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron
R. Navratil
- Departments
of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0601, United States
| | - Mikhail S. Shchepinov
- Retrotope,
Incorporated, 4300 El
Camino Real, Suite 201, Los Altos, California 94022, United States
| | - Edward A. Dennis
- Departments
of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0601, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Elharram A, Czegledy NM, Golod M, Milne GL, Pollock E, Bennett BM, Shchepinov MS. Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids improve cognition in a mouse model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. FEBS J 2017; 284:4083-4095. [PMID: 29024570 PMCID: PMC5716852 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage resulting from increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) is considered an important factor in the development of late onset/age-related Alzheimer's disease (AD). Deuterium-reinforced polyunsaturated fatty acids (D-PUFAs) are more resistant to the reactive oxygen species-initiated chain reaction of LPO than regular hydrogenated (H-) PUFAs. We investigated the effect of D-PUFA treatment on LPO and cognitive performance in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh2) null mice, an established model of oxidative stress-related cognitive impairment that exhibits AD-like pathologies. Mice were fed a Western-type diet containing either D- or H-PUFAs for 18 weeks. D-PUFA treatment markedly decreased cortex and hippocampus F2 -isoprostanes by approximately 55% and prostaglandin F2α by 20-25% as compared to H-PUFA treatment. D-PUFAs consistently improved performance in cognitive/memory tests, essentially resetting performance of the D-PUFA-fed Aldh2-/- mice to that of wild-type mice fed a typical laboratory diet. D-PUFAs therefore represent a promising new strategy to broadly reduce rates of LPO, and combat cognitive decline in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elharram
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Nicole M Czegledy
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Michael Golod
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erik Pollock
- Stable Isotope Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Brian M Bennett
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Smarun AV, Petković M, Shchepinov MS, Vidović D. Site-Specific Deuteration of Polyunsaturated Alkenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13115-13120. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Smarun
- School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Nanyang 637371, Singapore
| | - M. Petković
- Faculty
of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - M. S. Shchepinov
- Retrotope, Inc., Los Altos Hills, California 94022, United States
| | - D. Vidović
- School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Nanyang 637371, Singapore
- School
of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tsikas D. Combating atherosclerosis with heavy PUFAs: Deuteron not proton is the first. Atherosclerosis 2017; 264:79-82. [PMID: 28756876 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Centre of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|