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Abdel-Tawab MS, Mohamed MG, Doudar NA, Rateb EE, Reyad HR, Elazeem NAA. Circulating hsa-miR-221 as a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of diabetic nephropathy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9793-9803. [PMID: 37831346 PMCID: PMC10676308 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which is a chronic outcome of diabetes mellitus (DM), usually progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The DN pathophysiology, nevertheless, is not well-defined. Several miRNAs were reported to be either risk or protective factors in DN. METHODS, AND RESULTS The present study sought to inspect the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of hsa-miR-221 in DN. The study included 200 participants divided into four groups: Group 1 (50 patients with DN), Group 2 (50 diabetic patients without nephropathy), Group 3 (50 nondiabetic patients with CKD), and Group 4 (50 healthy subjects as a control group). Patients in groups 1 and 3 were further classified based on the presence of macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. Hsa-miR-221 expression was measured by RT- qRT-PCR. DN patients had significantly elevated serum hsa-miR-221 levels than the other groups, while diabetic patients without nephropathy exhibited elevated levels compared to both nondiabetic patients with CKD, and the control group. The DN patients with macroalbuminuria revealed significantly higher mean values of hsa-miR-221 relative to the patients with microalbuminuria. Significant positive associations were observed in the DN group between serum hsa-miR-221 and fasting insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA IR, ACR, and BMI. The ROC curve analysis of serum hsa-miR-221 in the initial diagnosis of DN in DM revealed high specificity and sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that hsa-miR-221 has the potential to be a useful biomarker for prognostic and diagnostic purposes in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Sayed Abdel-Tawab
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha A Doudar
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Enas Ezzat Rateb
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hoda Ramadan Reyad
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Adli Abd Elazeem
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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2
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Colombo A, Franchi E, Chiara M, Zaffaroni G, Horner D, Chiesa G. Effect of diet and genotype on the miRNome of mice with altered lipoprotein metabolism. iScience 2023; 26:107615. [PMID: 37664585 PMCID: PMC10474470 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism by which lipid/lipoprotein biosynthesis is regulated in mammals involves a very large number of genes that are subject to multiple levels of regulation. miRNAs are recognized contributors to lipid homeostasis at the post-transcriptional level, although the elucidation of their role is made difficult by the multiplicity of their targets and the ability of more miRNAs to affect the same mRNAs. In this study, an evaluation of how miRNA expression varies in organs playing a key role in lipid/lipoprotein metabolism was conducted in control mice and in two mouse models carrying genetic ablations which differently affect low-density lipoprotein metabolism. Mice were fed a lipid-poor standard diet and a diet enriched in cholesterol and saturated fat. The results obtained showed that there are no miRNAs whose expression constantly vary with dietary or genetic changes. Furthermore, it appears that diet, more than genotype, impacts on organ-specific miRNA expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elsa Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Gaia Zaffaroni
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Horner
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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3
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Giordo R, Posadino AM, Mangoni AA, Pintus G. Metformin-mediated epigenetic modifications in diabetes and associated conditions: Biological and clinical relevance. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115732. [PMID: 37541452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
An intricate interplay between genetic and environmental factors contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. Therefore, it is not surprising that the epigenome also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of T2D. Hyperglycemia can indeed trigger epigenetic modifications, thereby regulating different gene expression patterns. Such epigenetic changes can persist after normalizing serum glucose concentrations, suggesting the presence of a 'metabolic memory' of previous hyperglycemia which may also be epigenetically regulated. Metformin, a derivative of biguanide known to reduce serum glucose concentrations in patients with T2D, appears to exert additional pleiotropic effects that are mediated by multiple epigenetic modifications. Such modifications have been reported in various organs, tissues, and cellular compartments and appear to account for the effects of metformin on glycemic control as well as local and systemic inflammation, oxidant stress, and fibrosis. This review discusses the emerging evidence regarding the reported metformin-mediated epigenetic modifications, particularly on short and long non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation, and histone proteins post-translational modifications, their biological and clinical significance, potential therapeutic applications, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giordo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, University City Rd, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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4
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Yu H, Douglas HF, Wathieu D, Braun RA, Edomwande C, Lightell DJ, Pham T, Klingenberg NC, Bishop SP, Khismatullin DB, Woods TC. Diabetes is accompanied by secretion of pro-atherosclerotic exosomes from vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:112. [PMID: 37179303 PMCID: PMC10183121 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a common co-morbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Monocyte recruitment by an activated endothelium and the pro-inflammatory activity of the resulting macrophages are critical components of atherosclerosis. Exosomal transfer of microRNAs has emerged as a paracrine signaling mechanism regulating atherosclerotic plaque development. MicroRNAs-221 and -222 (miR-221/222) are elevated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of diabetic patients. We hypothesized that the transfer of miR-221/222 via VSMC-derived exosomes from diabetic sources (DVEs) promotes increased vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque development. METHODS Exosomes were obtained from VSMCs, following exposure to non-targeting or miR-221/-222 siRNA (-KD), isolated from diabetic (DVEs) and non-diabetic (NVEs) sources and their miR-221/-222 content was measured using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Expression of adhesion molecules and the adhesion of monocytes was measured following exposure to DVEs and NVEs. Macrophage phenotype following exposure to DVEs was determined by measuring mRNA markers and secreted cytokines. Age-matched apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice null (ApoE-/-) mice were maintained on Western diet for 6 weeks and received injections of saline, NVEs, NVE-KDs, DVEs or DVE-KDs every other day. Atherosclerotic plaque formation was measured using Oil Red Oil staining. RESULTS Exposure of human umbilical vein and coronary artery endothelial cells to DVEs, but not NVEs, NVE-KDs, or DVE-KDs promoted increased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and monocyte adhesion. DVEs but not NVEs, NVE-KDs, or DVE-KDs also promoted pro-inflammatory polarization of human monocytes in a miR-221/222 dependent manner. Finally, intravenous administration of DVEs, but not NVEs, resulted in a significant increase in atherosclerotic plaque development. CONCLUSION These data identify a novel paracrine signaling pathway that promotes the cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hunter F Douglas
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Donald Wathieu
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ryan A Braun
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Christine Edomwande
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Daniel J Lightell
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Thaidan Pham
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Natasha C Klingenberg
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Shelia Pugh Bishop
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | | | - T Cooper Woods
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Jia F, Ji R, Qiao G, Sun Z, Chen X, Zhang Z. Amarogentin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and attenuates neointimal hyperplasia via AMPK activation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166667. [PMID: 36906074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies validated the expression of extraoral bitter taste receptors and established the importance of regulatory functions that are associated with various cellular biological processes of these receptors. However, the importance of bitter taste receptors' activity in neointimal hyperplasia has not yet been recognized. The bitter taste receptors activator amarogentin (AMA) is known to regulate a variety of cellular signals, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), STAT3, Akt, ERK, and p53, which are associated with neointimal hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study assessed the effects of AMA on neointimal hyperplasia and explored the potential underlying mechanisms. RESULTS No cytotoxic concentration of AMA significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by serum (15 % FBS) and PDGF-BB. In addition, AMA significantly inhibited neointimal hyperplasia of the cultured great saphenous vein in vitro and ligated mouse left carotid arteries in vivo, while the inhibitory effect of AMA on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs was mediated via the activation of AMPK-dependent signaling, which could be blocked via AMPK inhibition. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that AMA inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and attenuated neointimal hyperplasia, both in ligated mice carotid artery and cultured saphenous vein, which was mediated via a mechanism that involved AMPK activation. Importantly, the study highlighted the potential of AMA to be explored as a new drug candidate for neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Jia
- Department of Aortic Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China; Cardiovascular Surgery Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, China; Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Qiao
- Department of Aortic Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Zhigang Sun
- Department of Aortic Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Xiaosan Chen
- Department of Aortic Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- Department of Aortic Surgery, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, China.
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Szydełko J, Matyjaszek-Matuszek B. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Coronary Artery Disease Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-From Pathogenesis to Potential Clinical Application. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010616. [PMID: 36614057 PMCID: PMC9820734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with still growing incidence among adults and young people worldwide. Patients with T2DM are more susceptible to developing coronary artery disease (CAD) than non-diabetic individuals. The currently used diagnostic methods do not ensure the detection of CAD at an early stage. Thus, extensive research on non-invasive, blood-based biomarkers is necessary to avoid life-threatening events. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that are stable in human body fluids and easily detectable. A number of reports have highlighted that the aberrant expression of miRNAs may impair the diversity of signaling pathways underlying the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, which is a key player linking T2DM with CAD. The preclinical evidence suggests the atheroprotective and atherogenic influence of miRNAs on every step of T2DM-induced atherogenesis, including endothelial dysfunction, endothelial to mesenchymal transition, macrophage activation, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation/migration, platelet hyperactivity, and calcification. Among the 122 analyzed miRNAs, 14 top miRNAs appear to be the most consistently dysregulated in T2DM and CAD, whereas 10 miRNAs are altered in T2DM, CAD, and T2DM-CAD patients. This up-to-date overview aims to discuss the role of miRNAs in the development of diabetic CAD, emphasizing their potential clinical usefulness as novel, non-invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for T2DM individuals with a predisposition to undergo CAD.
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Chen X, Shi C, Wang Y, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li P, Gao J. The mechanisms of glycolipid metabolism disorder on vascular injury in type 2 diabetes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:952445. [PMID: 36117707 PMCID: PMC9473659 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.952445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes have severe vascular complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and neuropathy. Devastating vascular complications lead to increased mortality, blindness, kidney failure, and decreased overall quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glycolipid metabolism disorder plays a vital role in the vascular complications of T2D. However, the specific mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. In T2D patients, vascular damage begins to develop before insulin resistance and clinical diagnosis. Endothelial dysregulation is a significant cause of vascular complications and the early event of vascular injury. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can trigger inflammation and oxidative stress, which impair endothelial function. Furthermore, during the pathogenesis of T2D, epigenetic modifications are aberrant and activate various biological processes, resulting in endothelial dysregulation. In the present review, we provide an overview and discussion of the roles of hyperglycemia- and hyperlipidemia-induced endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of T2D. Understanding the connections of glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity with vascular injury may reveal a novel potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiatian Chen
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Yin Wang
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Yu
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Li, ; Jinning Gao,
| | - Jinning Gao
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Li, ; Jinning Gao,
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Zhao K, Wu T, Yang C, Pan H, Xu T, Zhang J, Guo X, Tu J, Zhang D, Kong X, Zhou B, Sun W. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound prevents angiotensin II-induced aortic smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch via hampering miR-17-5p and enhancing PPAR-γ. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174509. [PMID: 34547245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular events can trigger a pathological phenotypic switch in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), decreasing and disrupting the plasticity and diversity of vascular networks. The development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary to prevent these changes. We aimed to investigate the effects and associated mechanisms of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) irradiation on the angiotensin II (AngII)-induced phenotypic switch in VSMCs. In vivo, AngII was infused subcutaneously for 4 weeks to stimulate vascular remodeling in mice, and LIPUS irradiation was applied for 20 min every 2 days for 4 weeks. In vitro, cultured rat aortic VSMCs (RAVSMCs) were pretreated once with LIPUS irradiation for 20 min before 48-h AngII stimulation. Our results showed that LIPUS irradiation prevents AngII-induced vascular remodeling of the whole wall artery without discriminating between adventitia and media in vivo and RAVSMC phenotypic switching in vitro. LIPUS irradiation downregulated miR-17-5p expression and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression. The PPAR-γ activator rosiglitazone could mimic the favorable effects of LIPUS irradiation on AngII-treated RAVSMCs. In contrast, GW9662 could impede the LIPUS-mediated downregulation of RAVSMC proliferation and inflammation under AngII stimulation conditions in vivo and in vitro. Also, the miR-17-5p agomir has the same effects as GW9662 in vitro. Besides, the inhibitory effects of GW9662 against the anti-remodeling effects of LIPUS irradiation in AngII-induced RAVSMCs could be blocked by pretreatment with the miR-17-5p antagomir. Overall, LIPUS irradiation prevents AngII-induced RAVSMCs phenotypic switching through hampering miR-17-5p and enhancing PPAR-γ, suggesting a new approach for the treatment of vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China; Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Haotian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China; Department of Genetics, Pediatrics and Medicine Cardiology, Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Smit-McBride Z, Morse LS. MicroRNA and diabetic retinopathy-biomarkers and novel therapeutics. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1280. [PMID: 34532417 PMCID: PMC8421969 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) accounts for ~80% of legal blindness in persons aged 20-74 years and is associated with enormous social and health burdens. Current therapies are invasive, non-curative, and in-effective in 15-25% of DR patients. This review outlines the potential utility of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers and potential therapy for diabetic retinopathy. miRNAs are small noncoding forms of RNA that may play a role in the pathogenesis of DR by altering the level of expression of genes via single nucleotide polymorphism and regulatory loops. A majority of miRNAs are intracellular and specific intracellular microRNAs have been associated with cellular changes associated with DR. Some microRNAs are extracellular and called circulatory microRNAs. Circulatory miRNAs have been found to be differentially expressed in serum and bodily fluid in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without retinopathy. Some miRNAs have been associated with the severity of DR, and future studies may reveal whether circulatory miRNAs could serve as novel reliable biomarkers to detect or predict retinopathy progression. Therapeutic strategies can be developed utilizing the natural miRNA/long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulatory loops. miRNAs and lncRNAs are two major families of the non-protein-coding transcripts. They are regulatory molecules for fundamental cellular processes via a variety of mechanisms, and their expression and function are tightly regulated. The recent evidence indicates a cross-talk between miRNAs and lncRNAs. Therefore, dysregulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs is critical to human disease pathogenesis, such as diabetic retinopathy. miRNAs are long-distance communicators and reprogramming agents, and they embody an entirely novel paradigm in cellular and tissue signaling and interaction. By targeting specific miRNAs, whole pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of DR may potentially be altered. Understanding the endogenous roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy could lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to managing this frequently blinding retinal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljka Smit-McBride
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Vitreoretinal Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lawrence S Morse
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Vitreoretinal Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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miR-126 contributes to the epigenetic signature of diabetic vascular smooth muscle and enhances antirestenosis effects of Kv1.3 blockers. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101306. [PMID: 34298200 PMCID: PMC8363881 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Restenosis after vessel angioplasty due to dedifferentiation of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) limits the success of surgical treatment of vascular occlusions. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has a major impact on restenosis, with patients exhibiting more aggressive forms of vascular disease and poorer outcomes after surgery. Kv1.3 channels are critical players in VSMC proliferation. Kv1.3 blockers inhibit VSMCs MEK/ERK signalling and prevent vessel restenosis. We hypothesize that dysregulation of microRNAs (miR) play critical roles in adverse remodelling, contributing to Kv1.3 blockers efficacy in T2DM VSMCs. Methods and results We used clinically relevant in vivo models of vascular risk factors (VRF) and vessels and VSMCs from T2DM patients. Resukts Human T2DM vessels showed increased remodelling, and changes persisted in culture, with augmented VSMCs migration and proliferation. Moreover, there were downregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and upregulation of MEK/ERK pathways, with increased miR-126 expression. The inhibitory effects of Kv1.3 blockers on remodelling were significantly enhanced in T2DM VSMCs and in VRF model. Finally, miR-126 overexpression confered “diabetic” phenotype to non-T2DM VSMCs by downregulating PI3K/AKT axis. Conclusions miR-126 plays crucial roles in T2DM VSMC metabolic memory through activation of MEK/ERK pathway, enhancing the efficacy of Kv1.3 blockers in the prevention of restenosis in T2DM patients. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) vessels show exacerbated remodeling in organ culture and increased Kv1.3 expression. The inhibition of vessel remodeling with Kv1.3 blockers is increased in T2DM vessels. VSMCs from T2DM patients retain epigenetic changes in primary cultures. Upregulation of miR-126 contributes to the metabolic memory of T2DM VSMCs. Upregulation of miR-126 potentiates Kv1.3-dependent mechanisms in T2DM VSMCs.
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Li X, Ma Z, Zhu YZ. Regional Heterogeneity of Perivascular Adipose Tissue: Morphology, Origin, and Secretome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:697720. [PMID: 34239444 PMCID: PMC8259882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.697720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a unique fat depot with local and systemic impacts. PVATs are anatomically, developmentally, and functionally different from classical adipose tissues and they are also different from each other. PVAT adipocytes originate from different progenitors and precursors. They can produce and secrete a wide range of autocrine and paracrine factors, many of which are vasoactive modulators. In the context of obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, these phenotypic and functional differences become more evident. In this review, we focus on the recent findings of PVAT’s heterogeneity by comparing commonly studied adipose tissues around the thoracic aorta (tPVAT), abdominal aorta (aPVAT), and mesenteric artery (mPVAT). Distinct origins and developmental trajectory of PVAT adipocyte potentially contribute to regional heterogeneity. Regional differences also exist in ways how PVAT communicates with its neighboring vasculature by producing specific adipokines, vascular tone regulators, and extracellular vesicles in a given microenvironment. These insights may inspire new therapeutic strategies targeting the PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University Medical School, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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12
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Ten Bosch GJA, Bolk J, 't Hart BA, Laman JD. Multiple sclerosis is linked to MAPK ERK overactivity in microglia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1033-1042. [PMID: 33948692 PMCID: PMC8313465 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reassessment of published observations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests a microglial malfunction due to inappropriate (over)activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway ERK (MAPKERK). These observations regard biochemistry as well as epigenetics, and all indicate involvement of this pathway. Recent preclinical research on neurodegeneration already pointed towards a role of MAPK pathways, in particular MAPKERK. This is important as microglia with overactive MAPK have been identified to disturb local oligodendrocytes which can lead to locoregional demyelination, hallmark of MS. This constitutes a new concept on pathophysiology of MS, besides the prevailing view, i.e., autoimmunity. Acknowledged risk factors for MS, such as EBV infection, hypovitaminosis D, and smoking, all downregulate MAPKERK negative feedback phosphatases that normally regulate MAPKERK activity. Consequently, these factors may contribute to inappropriate MAPKERK overactivity, and thereby to neurodegeneration. Also, MAPKERK overactivity in microglia, as a factor in the pathophysiology of MS, could explain ongoing neurodegeneration in MS patients despite optimized immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatment. Currently, for these patients with progressive disease, no effective treatment exists. In such refractory MS, targeting the cause of overactive MAPKERK in microglia merits further investigation as this phenomenon may imply a novel treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J A Ten Bosch
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Jolande Bolk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Department Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Lyu J, Zhu Y, Zhang Q. An increased level of MiR-222-3p is associated with TMP2 suppression, ERK activation and is associated with metastasis and a poor prognosis in renal clear cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:141-149. [PMID: 32116235 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy involving the kidneys and a major cause of cancer mortality. The involvement of microRNA (miRNA) expression in the tumorigenesis and progression of RCC still not been previously highlighted. We aimed to explore the potential role of miR-222-3p in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHOD We first found that miR-222-3p was elevated significantly in the RCC tissues as compared to the non-tumor counterparts. We also found that a higher level of miR-222-3p in different RCC cell lines than the HK-2 cells. RESULTS In vitro validation experiment using miR-222-3p mimic molecules significantly induced expression of EMT marker vimentin and downregulated E-cadherin in both 769-P and 786-O RCC cells. In contrary, when miR-222-3p was downregulated by its inhibitor, the reverse observations were made. We then demonstrated a reversal association between the expression level of miR-222-3p and TIMP2/ERK where TIMP2 functions as a tumor suppressor. In a small cohort of 45 clinical samples, we found that miR-222-3p expression level was elevated and was associated with a poorer survival of the patients. Patients with higher miR-222-3p expression showed had a statistically shorter overall survival than those patients of lower miR-222-3p level (HR, 5.789; p= 0.02). CONCLUSION Collectively, we showed that miR-222-3p functioned as a tumor progression marker and could be a target for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lyu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongzhe Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Zhang H, Luan S, Xiao X, Lin L, Zhao X, Liu X. Silenced microRNA-222 suppresses inflammatory response in gestational diabetes mellitus mice by promoting CXCR4. Life Sci 2020; 266:118850. [PMID: 33278386 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is induced by multiple factors, and the microRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known to be implicated in GDM progression. We aimed to explore the functional mechanisms of miR-222 in the inflammatory response in GDM by mediating C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and NLRP3 inflammasomes. METHODS GDM models were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin, and the levels of miR-222 and CXCR4 in GDM patients' placenta tissues as well as GDM mice' placenta and pancreatic tissues were determined. The GDM mice were treated with miR-222 Antagomir/Agomir or overexpressed CXCR4 to evaluate the apoptosis and pathological changes in tissues, and the levels of blood glucose, insulin, biochemical indices, inflammatory factors and inflammasome-related proteins. Importantly, the target relation between miR-222 and CXCR4 was verified. RESULTS MiR-222 was increased while CXCR4 was decreased in GDM patients and mice. The down-regulated miR-222 and up-regulated CXCR4 could promote insulin sensitivity and insulin level, while inhibit apoptosis, inflammation and glucagon level in GDM mice. Moreover, CXCR4 was targeted by miR-222. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the silenced miR-222 could suppress inflammatory response in GDM mice by promoting CXCR4 and inactivating NLRP3 inflammasomes, which may contribute to GDM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Shoujing Luan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyu Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyao Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China.
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15
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Su H, Qiao J, Hu J, Li Y, Lin J, Yu Q, Zhen J, Ma Q, Wang Q, Lv Z, Wang R. Podocyte-derived extracellular vesicles mediate renal proximal tubule cells dedifferentiation via microRNA-221 in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:111034. [PMID: 32926967 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a key event in the initiation of Diabetic nephropathy (DN). Tubulointerstitium, especially the proximal tubule has been regarded as a target of injury. In the present study, we showed that podocytes induced dedifferentiation of proximal tubular epithelial cells(PTECs) in high-glucose conditions and extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediates the interaction. Then we extracted and identified these EVs derived from podocytes as exosome, further, the EVs induced PTECs dedifferentiation. Total microRNA(miRNA) expression of podocyte-derived EVs was extracted and miR-221 expression was remarkably increased. By making use of the miRNA gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we observed that miR-221 mediated PTECs dedifferentiation. In addition, a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-221 direct target DKK2, which was an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, and overexpression of miR-221 significantly resulted in β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Moreover, we regulated the expression of β-catenin and demonstrated that miR-221 in EVs mediated proximal tubule cells injury through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-221 in diabetic mice reversed the abnormal expression of PTECs dedifferentiation related protein. These findings provide unique insights in the mechanisms of proximal tubule cell injury in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiao Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jinxiu Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiangong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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16
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Fan Z, Yang J, Yang C, Zhang J, Cai W, Huang C. MicroRNA‑24 attenuates diabetic vascular remodeling by suppressing the NLRP3/caspase‑1/IL‑1β signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1534-1542. [PMID: 32323758 PMCID: PMC7138286 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular complications. Previous published research has indicated that microRNA-24 (miR-24) is involved in diabetic vascular remodeling, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether adenovirus-mediated miR-24 overexpression can suppress the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-related inflammatory signaling pathway and attenuate diabetic vascular remodeling. The carotid arteries of diabetic rats were harvested and prepared for analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting assays were used to detect the expressions of related mRNAs and proteins. Morphological examinations, including hematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemical and Masson’s trichrome staining, were also performed. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR-24 upregulation suppressed neointimal hyperplasia and accelerated reendothelialization in the injured arteries, lowered the expression of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, caspase-1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, CD45, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased the expression of CD31, smooth muscle (SM) α-actin and SM-myosin heavy chain. These data indicated that miR-24 overexpression can attenuate vascular remodeling in a diabetic rat model through suppressing the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Chaojun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Wanying Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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17
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Wang M, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Fang J. Mechanotransduction pathways in the regulation of cartilage chondrocyte homoeostasis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5408-5419. [PMID: 32237113 PMCID: PMC7214151 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress plays a critical role in cartilage development and homoeostasis. Chondrocytes are surrounded by a narrow pericellular matrix (PCM), which absorbs dynamic and static forces and transmits them to the chondrocyte surface. Recent studies have demonstrated that molecular components, including perlecan, collagen and hyaluronan, provide distinct physical properties for the PCM and maintain the essential microenvironment of chondrocytes. These physical signals are sensed by receptors and molecules located in the cell membrane, such as Ca2+ channels, the primary cilium and integrins, and a series of downstream molecular pathways are involved in mechanotransduction in cartilage. All mechanoreceptors convert outside signals into chemical and biological signals, which then regulate transcription in chondrocytes in response to mechanical stresses. This review highlights recent progress and focuses on the function of the PCM and cell surface molecules in chondrocyte mechanotransduction. Emerging understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate mechanotransduction will provide new insights into osteoarthritis pathogenesis and precision strategies that could be used in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Diseases and Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Circulating exosomes from patients with peripheral artery disease influence vascular cell migration and contain distinct microRNA cargo. JVS Vasc Sci 2020; 1:28-41. [PMID: 32550603 PMCID: PMC7299234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation. Emerging literature suggests that circulating exosomes and their microRNA (miRNA) contents may influence atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling. We hypothesize that circulating exosomes in patients with PAD directly modulate vascular cell phenotype and contain proinflammatory miRNAs. Methods Exosomes (particle size, 30-150 nm) were isolated from plasma of healthy individuals (n = 6), patients with mild PAD (mPAD; median Rutherford class, 2.5; n = 6), and patients with severe PAD (sPAD; median Rutherford class, 4; n = 5). Exosome identity, size, and concentration were determined by Western blot and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Human vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and endothelial cell (EC) migration was assessed by a standard wound closure assay after exposure to exosome preparations. Monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from healthy volunteers were exposed to exosome preparations, and targeted gene expression was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Exosome miRNA cargos were isolated, and a panel of defined, vascular-active miRNAs was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results There was no difference in overall exosome particle concentration or size between the three groups (one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA], P > .05). Compared with exosomes from healthy individuals, exosomes from mPAD and sPAD patients increased VSMC migration (1.0 ± 0.09-fold vs 1.5 ± 0.09-fold vs 2.0 ± 0.12-fold wound closure; ANOVA, P < .0001) and inhibited EC migration (1.8 ± 0.07-fold vs 1.5 ± 0.04-fold vs 1.3 ± 0.02-fold wound closure; ANOVA, P < .01) in a stepwise fashion. Exosomes also induced changes in monocyte-derived macrophage gene expression that did not appear PAD specific. Hierarchical analysis of exosome miRNA revealed distinct clustering of vascular-active miRNAs between the three groups. Several miRNAs that promote inflammatory pathways in vascular cells were expressed at higher levels in exosomes from sPAD patients. Conclusions Circulating exosomes from individuals with PAD exert in vitro functional effects on VSMCs and ECs that may promote adverse vessel remodeling. Exosomes from healthy individuals, mPAD patients, and sPAD patients contain distinct signatures of immune-regulatory miRNA. Together these data suggest that the proinflammatory cargo of circulating exosomes correlates with atherosclerosis severity in PAD patients and could influence vascular injury and repair. Exosomes and their cargo have been implicated in several vascular remodeling processes including atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, and neointimal hyperplasia. In this study, we demonstrate that circulating exosomes from individuals with peripheral artery disease exert in vitro effects on vascular cells that may adversely affect vessel remodeling. Moreover, these exosomes contain elevated levels of vascular-active microRNA. Our results suggest that exosomes may serve as both biomarkers and effectors of vascular disease in patients with peripheral artery disease and motivate further investigation into the role of exosomes and their contents in aberrant remodeling in vascular diseases.
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19
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Liu CH, Huang S, Britton WR, Chen J. MicroRNAs in Vascular Eye Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020649. [PMID: 31963809 PMCID: PMC7014392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA) decades ago, studies of miRNA biology have expanded in many biomedical research fields, including eye research. The critical roles of miRNAs in normal development and diseases have made miRNAs useful biomarkers or molecular targets for potential therapeutics. In the eye, ocular neovascularization (NV) is a leading cause of blindness in multiple vascular eye diseases. Current anti-angiogenic therapies, such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment, have their limitations, indicating the need for investigating new targets. Recent studies established the roles of various miRNAs in the regulation of pathological ocular NV, suggesting miRNAs as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets in vascular eye diseases. This review summarizes the biogenesis of miRNAs, and their functions in the normal development and diseases of the eye, with a focus on clinical and experimental retinopathies in both human and animal models. Discovery of novel targets involving miRNAs in vascular eye diseases will provide insights for developing new treatments to counter ocular NV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-919-2525
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20
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Ge X, Xu B, Xu W, Xia L, Xu Z, Shen L, Peng W, Huang S. Long noncoding RNA GAS5 inhibits cell proliferation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by sponging miR-221 and modulating SIRT1 expression. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:8745-8759. [PMID: 31631065 PMCID: PMC6834398 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal diseases worldwide. This study is designed to investigate the underlying function and mechanism of a novel lncRNA GAS5 in the progression of DN. We found that lncRNA GAS5 expression level was decreased in type 2 diabetes (T2D) with DN compared with that in patients without DN. Moreover, lncRNA GAS5 expression level was negatively associated with the severity of DN-related complications. lncRNA GAS5 inhibited MCs proliferation and caused G0/1 phase arrest. lncRNA GAS5 overexpression alleviated the expression of fibrosis-related protein in mesangial cells (MCs). The dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay results revealed that lncRNA GAS5 functions as an endogenous sponge for miR-221 via both the directly targeting way and Ago2-dependent manner. Furthermore, SIRT1 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-221. lncRNA GAS5 upregulated SIRT1 expression and inhibited MCs proliferation and fibrosis by acting as an miR-221 sponge. Finally, we found that lncRNA GSA5 suppressed the development of DN in vivo. Thus, lncRNA GAS5 was involved in the progression of DN by sponging miR-221 and contributed to lncRNA-directed diagnostics and therapeutics in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bojin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqin Xu
- Department of Family Medicine, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisha Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfang Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Li X, Ballantyne LL, Yu Y, Funk CD. Perivascular adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicle miR-221-3p mediates vascular remodeling. FASEB J 2019; 33:12704-12722. [PMID: 31469602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901548r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs (miRNAs) convey intercellular message signaling. The biogenesis of EV-miRNAs from perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and their roles in intercellular communication in response to obesity-associated inflammation have not yet been fully explored. By feeding mice a high-fat diet for 16 wk, we established obesity-associated, chronic low-grade inflammation in PVAT, characterized as hypertrophy of perivascular adipocytes, decreased adipogenesis, and proinflammatory macrophage infiltration. We show that PVAT-derived EVs and their encapsulated miRNAs can be taken up into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vivo and in vitro. miR-221-3p is one of the highly enriched miRNAs in obese PVAT and PVAT-derived EVs. Transfer and direct overexpression of miR-221-3p dramatically enhances VSMC proliferation and migration. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α is identified as a miR-221-3p target in VSMC phenotypic modulation. Obese mice secrete abundant miRNA-containing EVs, evoking inflammatory responses in PVAT and vascular phenotypic switching in abdominal aorta of lean mice. Local delivery of miR-221-3p mimic in femoral artery causes vascular dysfunction by suppressing the contractile genes in the arterial wall. Our findings provide an EV-miR-221-3p-mediated mechanism by which PVAT triggers an early-stage vascular remodeling in the context of obesity-associated inflammation.-Li, X., Ballantyne, L. L., Yu, Y., Funk, C. D. Perivascular adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicle miR-221-3p mediates vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurel L Ballantyne
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Colin D Funk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Mechanosensitive MiRs regulated by anabolic and catabolic loading of human cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1208-1218. [PMID: 31009748 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elucidation of whether miRs are involved in mechanotransduction pathways by which cartilage is maintained or disturbed has a particular importance in our understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology. The aim was to investigate whether mechanical loading influences global miR-expression in human chondrocytes and to identify mechanosensitive miRs responding to beneficial and non-beneficial loading regimes as potential to obtain valuable diagnostic or therapeutic targets to advance OA-treatment. METHOD Mature tissue-engineered human cartilage was subjected to two distinct loading regimes either stimulating or suppressing proteoglycan-synthesis, before global miR microarray analysis. Promising candidate miRs were selected, re-evaluated by qRT-PCR and tested for expression in human healthy vs OA cartilage samples. RESULTS After anabolic loading, miR microarray profiling revealed minor changes in miR-expression while catabolic stimulation produced a significant regulation of 80 miRs with a clear separation of control and compressed samples by hierarchical clustering. Cross-testing of selected miRs revealed that miR-221, miR-6872-3p, miR-6723-5p were upregulated by both loading conditions while others (miR-199b-5p, miR-1229-5p, miR-1275, miR-4459, miR-6891-5p, miR-7150) responded specifically after catabolic loading. Mechanosensitivity of miR-221 correlated with pERK1/2-activation induced by both loading conditions. The miR-response to loading was transient and a constitutive deregulation of mechano-miRs in OA vs healthy articular cartilage was not observed. CONCLUSIONS MiRs with broader vs narrower mechanosensitivity were discovered and the first group of mechanosensitive miRs characteristic for non-beneficial loading was defined that may shape the proteome differentially when cartilage tissue is disturbed. The findings prompt future investigations into miR-relevance for mechano-responsive pathways and the corresponding miR-target molecules.
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Stratton MS, Farina FM, Elia L. Epigenetics and vascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:148-163. [PMID: 31211956 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of death and disability worldwide despite significant improvements in diagnosis, prevention, and early intervention efforts. There is an urgent need for improved understanding of cardiovascular processes responsible for disease development in order to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. Recent knowledge gleaned from the study of epigenetic mechanisms in the vasculature has uncovered new potential targets for intervention. Herein, we provide an overview of epigenetic mechanism, and review recent findings related to epigenetics in vascular diseases, highlighting classical epigenetic mechanism such as DNA methylation and histone modification as well as the newly discovered non-coding RNA mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Stratton
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
| | - Floriana Maria Farina
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, MI, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Elia
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, MI, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
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Zhao L, Quan J, Li Z, Pan X, Wang J, Xu J, Xu W, Guan X, Li H, Yang S, Gui Y, Chen Y, Lai Y. MicroRNA‑222‑3p promotes tumor cell migration and invasion and inhibits apoptosis, and is correlated with an unfavorable prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:525-534. [PMID: 30320376 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)‑222‑3p in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The expression level of miR‑222‑3p was detected in RCC tissues and cell lines (ACHN, 786‑O, Caki‑1 and 769‑P) and was identified to be significantly upregulated compared with the level in adjacent normal renal tissues and HK‑2 cells. Further in vitro experiments demonstrated that the over-expression of miR‑222‑3p promoted the migration and invasion, and attenuated the apoptosis of 786‑O cells, whereas the knockdown of miR‑222‑3p suppressed the migration and invasion and induced the apoptosis of 786‑O cells. Similar results were observed in the ACHN cell line in terms of migration, invasion and apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression level of miR‑222‑3p was measured in 42 RCC formaldehyde‑fixed paraffin‑embedded samples, and the association between the expression of miR‑222‑3p and the pathological characteristics and overall survival rate of patients with RCC was analyzed. The results demonstrated that patients with a higher expression of miR‑222‑3p had a significantly lower overall survival rate, compared with those with a lower expression of miR‑222‑3p [hazard ratio (HR)=5.120; P=0.036]. Multivariate analysis identified that patients with a higher expression of miR‑222‑3p retained the statistically significant decrease in overall survival rate compared with patients with a lower expression of miR‑222‑3p (HR=5.636; P=0.030). Furthermore, Kaplan‑Meier survival curves indicated that patients with higher miR‑222‑3p had significantly lower overall survival rates compared with patients with lower miR‑222‑3p (P=0.020). Taken together, these results suggested that miR‑222‑3p serves as an onco‑miR in RCC and may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhao
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU‑HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Jing Quan
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU‑HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Zuwei Li
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU‑HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Pan
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU‑HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Jingyao Wang
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU‑HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Jinling Xu
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU‑HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Xu
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU‑HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Xin Guan
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU‑HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Yaoting Gui
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU‑HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Lai
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU‑HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
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Liu HN, Li X, Wu N, Tong MM, Chen S, Zhu SS, Qian W, Chen XL. Serum microRNA-221 as a biomarker for diabetic retinopathy in patients associated with type 2 diabetes. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1889-1894. [PMID: 30588418 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the candidate microRNA (miRNA), miR-221 as a novel biomarker for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS The subjects involved were divided into four groups: healthy control (HC), no diabetic retinopathy (NDR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group. Serum miR-221 was validated by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Also, serum angiotensin II (Ang II) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to explore the diagnostic accuracy of miR-221, Ang II and VEGF for DR in patients with T2D. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was executed to estimate the correlations of serum miR-221 with metabolic parameters and serum markers in patients with T2D. RESULTS Primarily, serum miR-221, Ang II and VEGF were increased significantly in T2D patients compared to HC participant respectively, and progressive up-regulated in NDR, NPDR and PDR groups (P<0.001). Additionally, miR-221 in serum was remarkably positively correlated with metabolic parameters such as glycated hemoglobin (r=0.310, P=0.002) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (r=0.413, P<0.001), as well as serum markers for instance Ang II (r=0.667, P<0.001) and VEGF (r=0.499, P<0.001). Furthermore, serum miR-221 (AUC, 0.894; 95%CI, 0.833-0.955; P<0.001), Ang II (AUC, 0.888; 95%CI, 0.828-0.949; P<0.001) and VEGF (AUC, 0.785; 95%CI, 0.695-0.875; P<0.001) had evidently diagnostic efficiency in DR, and miR-221 is the most effective among them. CONCLUSION Serum miR-221 as a potential biomarker could be related to not only occurrence but also progression for DR in patients with T2D. However, a prospective clinical trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Nan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meng-Meng Tong
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhu
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Sino-Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500W University, El Paso, Texas 79902, USA
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Indolfi C, Iaconetti C, Gareri C, Polimeni A, De Rosa S. Non-coding RNAs in vascular remodeling and restenosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:49-63. [PMID: 30368024 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial in vascular remodeling. They exert pivotal roles in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, vascular response to injury, and restenosis after transcatheter angioplasty. As a witness of their importance in the cardiovascular system, a large body of evidence has accumulated about the role played by micro RNAs (miRNA) in modulating both VSMCs and ECs. More recently, a growing number of long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) came beneath the spotlights in this research field. Several mechanisms have been revealed by which lncRNAs are able to exert a relevant biological impact on vascular remodeling. The aim of this review is to provide an integrated summary of ncRNAs that exert a relevant biological function in VSMCs and ECs of the vascular wall, with emphasis on the available clinical evidence of the potential usefulness of these molecules as circulating biomarkers of in-stent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Italy; URT CNR of IFC, University Magna Graecia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Iaconetti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Italy
| | - Clarice Gareri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Italy
| | - Alberto Polimeni
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Italy
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Wang T, Pan W, Hu J, Zhang Z, Li G, Liang Y. Circular RNAs in Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1087:275-285. [PMID: 30259374 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1426-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases include diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Circular RNA is a new type of RNA that is different from traditional linear RNA and has a closed loop structure. However, the function of circular RNA is not yet well elucidated in metabolic diseases. Only a few studies have reported about the relationship between circular RNA and metabolic diseases such as DM and NAFLD. This chapter presents a brief review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, or treatment of DM and NAFLD and then discusses the relationship between circular RNA and DM or NAFLD. Besides, this chapter further provides an updated discussion of the most relevant discoveries regarding circular RNA and their potential applications in molecular diagnostics, nucleic acid therapy, and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongrong Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yajun Liang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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