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Smit JM, Rocchiccioli S, Signore G, Michelucci E, Di Giorgi N, van Rosendael AR, El Mahdiui M, Neglia D, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Buechel RR, Teresinska A, Pizzi MN, Roque A, Poddighe R, Mertens BJ, Caselli C, Parodi O, Pelosi G, Scholte AJ. Plasma lipidomics and coronary plaque changes: a substudy of the SMARTool clinical trial. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 25:1089-1098. [PMID: 38445505 PMCID: PMC11288758 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To date, no studies have investigated the association between lipid species and coronary plaque changes over time, quantitatively assessed by serial imaging. We aimed to prospectively determine the association between lipid species quantified by a plasma lipidomic analysis and coronary plaque changes according to composition assessed by a quantitative serial analysis of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing baseline coronary CTA were prospectively enrolled by seven EU centres in the SMARTool study and submitted to clinical, molecular, and coronary CTA re-evaluation at follow-up (an inter-scan period of 6.39 ± 1.17 years). Out of 202 patients who were analysed in the SMARTool main clinical study, a lipidomic analysis was performed in 154 patients before the baseline coronary CTA, and this group was included in the present study. A quantitative CTA analysis was performed by using a separate core laboratory blinded from clinical data. In the univariable analysis, it was found that no lipid species were significantly associated with annual total and calcified plaque changes. After adjusting for clinical variables at baseline and statin use, it was found that three lipid species were significantly associated with non-calcified plaque progression. In detail, cholesteryl ester(20:3), sphingomyelin (SM)(40:3), and SM(41:1) were found to be positively related to non-calcified plaque progression (Bonferroni-adjusted P-values = 0.005, 0.016, and 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION The current study showed an independent relationship between specific lipid species determined by a plasma lipidomic analysis and non-calcified coronary plaque progression assessed by a serial, quantitative coronary CTA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff M Smit
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Rocchiccioli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Viale Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Signore
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Michelucci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Viale Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Di Giorgi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Viale Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexander R van Rosendael
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed El Mahdiui
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Cardiovascular and Imaging Departments, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Heart Center and PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Heart Center and PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ronny R Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Teresinska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria N Pizzi
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Roque
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bart J Mertens
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Caselli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Viale Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Oberdan Parodi
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Pelosi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, Viale Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arthur J Scholte
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Guo C, Han X, Zhang T, Zhang H, Li X, Zhou X, Feng S, Tao T, Yin C, Xia J. Lipidomic analyses reveal potential biomarkers for predicting death and heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 562:119892. [PMID: 39068962 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and postmyocardial infarction heart failure (pMIHF) have high mortality rates worldwide. This study aimed to explore lipidomic profiles and identify potential biomarkers for the prediction of death and heart failure (HF) after AMI. Methods All serum samples were collected at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, and their clinical characteristics and lipidomic profiles were analyzed in different groups. LC-MS/MS was used for lipidomic analyses, and underlying biomarkers were screened by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Lipidomic analyses of the survival and nonsurvival groups revealed that the decrease of the content of SM (d18:1/22:0), PE (P-20:1/18:0), PC (18:2), LPE (18:2), PE (P-20:0/18:0), LPC (18:0) and PC (20:0/20:3) while increase of the content of PG (18:1/18:1) could increase the risk of death after AMI. In parallel, the lipidomic analysis of the HF and non-HF groups revealed that the decrease of the content of PC (20:3/20:4), LPC (20:3), LPC (18:0), LPC (18:2), LPC (20:0), LPC (18:3), LPE (16:1) and PC (18:2/20:3) could increase the risk of HF after AMI. Conclusion Several lipids could be potential biomarkers for the prediction of death and HF after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xuexue Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tianxing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shuhui Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tianqi Tao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jinggang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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Neglia D, Caselli C, Maffei E, Cademartiri F, Meloni A, Bossone E, Saba L, Lee SE, Sung JM, Andreini D, Al-Mallah MH, Budoff MJ, Chinnaiyan K, Choi JH, Chun EJ, Conte E, Gottlieb I, Hadamitzky M, Kim YJ, Lee BK, Leipsic JA, Marques H, de Araújo Gonçalves P, Pontone G, Shin S, Stone PH, Samady H, Virmani R, Narula J, Shaw LJ, Bax JJ, Lin FY, Min JK, Chang HJ. Rapid Plaque Progression Is Independently Associated With Hyperglycemia and Low HDL Cholesterol in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A PARADIGM Study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 17:e016481. [PMID: 39012946 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.123.016481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed whether combinations of cardiometabolic risk factors independently predict coronary plaque progression (PP) and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease. METHODS Patients with known or suspected stable coronary artery disease (60.9±9.3 years, 55.4% male) undergoing serial coronary computed tomography angiographies (≥2 years apart), with clinical characterization and follow-up (N=1200), were analyzed from the PARADIGM study (Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque Determined by Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging). Plaque volumes measured in coronary segments (≥2 mm in diameter) were summed to provide whole heart plaque volume (mm3) and percent atheroma volume (plaque volume/vessel volume×100; %) per patient at baseline and follow-up. Rapid PP was defined as a percent atheroma volume increase of ≥1.0%/y. Major adverse cardiovascular events included nonfatal myocardial infarction, death, and unplanned coronary revascularization. RESULTS In an interscan period of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 1.9), rapid PP occurred in 341 patients (28%). At multivariable analysis, the combination of cardiometabolic risk factors defined as metabolic syndrome predicted rapid PP (odds ratio, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.12-2.03]; P=0.007) together with older age, smoking habits, and baseline percent atheroma volume. Among single cardiometabolic variables, high fasting plasma glucose (diabetes or fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dL) and low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; <40 mg/dL in males and <50 mg/dL in females) were independently associated with rapid PP, in particular when combined (odds ratio, 2.37 [95% CI, 1.56-3.61]; P<0.001). In a follow-up of 8.23 years (interquartile range, 5.92-9.53), major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 201 patients (17%). At multivariable Cox analysis, the combination of high fasting plasma glucose with high systemic blood pressure (treated hypertension or systemic blood pressure >130/85 mm Hg) was an independent predictor of events (hazard ratio, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.10-2.90]; P=0.018) together with family history, baseline percent atheroma volume, and rapid PP. CONCLUSIONS In patients with stable coronary artery disease, the combination of hyperglycemia with low HDL-C is associated with rapid PP independently of other risk factors, baseline plaque burden, and treatment. The combination of hyperglycemia with high systemic blood pressure independently predicts the worse outcome beyond PP. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02803411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Neglia
- Cardiovascular Department (D.N., C.C.), Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Caselli
- Cardiovascular Department (D.N., C.C.), Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy (C.C.)
| | - Erica Maffei
- Department of Imaging (E.M., F.C., A.M.), Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Cademartiri
- Department of Imaging (E.M., F.C., A.M.), Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Meloni
- Department of Imaging (E.M., F.C., A.M.), Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bossone
- Department of Public Health, University "Federico II," Naples, Italy (E.B.)
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, Italy (L.S.)
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea (S.-E.L., S.S.)
- CONNECT-AI Research Center (S.-E.L., J.M.S., H.-J.C.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Sung
- CONNECT-AI Research Center (S.-E.L., J.M.S., H.-J.C.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniele Andreini
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy (D.A., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (D.A., H.-J.C.), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Mouaz H Al-Mallah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, TX (M.H.A.-M, H.-J.C.)
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA (M.J.B., H.-J.C.)
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiyan
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI (K.C., H.-J.C.)
| | - Jung Hyun Choi
- Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C., H.-J.C.)
| | - Eun Ju Chun
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C., H.-J.C.)
| | - Edoardo Conte
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (E.C., G.P., H.-J.C.)
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G., G.P., H.-J.C.)
| | - Martin Hadamitzky
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Germany (M.H., G.P., H.-J.C.)
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (Y.J.K., G.P., H.-J.C.)
| | - Byoung Kwon Lee
- Gangnam Severance Hospital (B.K.L., G.P., H.-J.C.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (JA.L, G.P., H.-J.C.)
| | - Hugo Marques
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., GP, H.-J.C.)
| | - Pedro de Araújo Gonçalves
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Surgical Sciences (P.d.A.G., G.P., H.-J.C.), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Gangnam Severance Hospital (B.K.L., G.P., H.-J.C.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Surgical Sciences (P.d.A.G., G.P., H.-J.C.), University of Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (E.C., G.P., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G., G.P., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Germany (M.H., G.P., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (Y.J.K., G.P., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (JA.L, G.P., H.-J.C.)
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., GP, H.-J.C.)
| | - Sanghoon Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea (S.-E.L., S.S.)
| | - Peter H Stone
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.H.S., H.-J.C.)
| | - Habib Samady
- Georgia Heart Institute, Northeast Georgia Health System, Gainesville (H.S., H.-J.C.)
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (R.V., H.-J.C.)
| | - Jagat Narula
- University of Texas Health Houston, TX (J.N., H.-J.C.)
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., H.-J.C.)
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.J.B., H.-J.C.)
| | - Fay Y Lin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., H.-J.C.)
| | - James K Min
- Cleerly, Inc, New York, NY (J.K.M., H.-J.C.)
| | - Hyuk-Jae Chang
- CONNECT-AI Research Center (S.-E.L., J.M.S., H.-J.C.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Gangnam Severance Hospital (B.K.L., G.P., H.-J.C.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy (D.A., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (D.A., H.-J.C.), University of Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Surgical Sciences (P.d.A.G., G.P., H.-J.C.), University of Milan, Italy
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, TX (M.H.A.-M, H.-J.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA (M.J.B., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI (K.C., H.-J.C.)
- Pusan University Hospital, Busan, South Korea (J.H.C., H.-J.C.)
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea (E.J.C., H.-J.C.)
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (E.C., G.P., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Radiology, Casa de Saude São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (I.G., G.P., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Germany (M.H., G.P., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea (Y.J.K., G.P., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (JA.L, G.P., H.-J.C.)
- UNICA, Unit of Cardiovascular Imaging, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal (H.M., GP, H.-J.C.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (P.H.S., H.-J.C.)
- Georgia Heart Institute, Northeast Georgia Health System, Gainesville (H.S., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD (R.V., H.-J.C.)
- University of Texas Health Houston, TX (J.N., H.-J.C.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (L.J.S., F.Y.L., H.-J.C.)
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.J.B., H.-J.C.)
- Cleerly, Inc, New York, NY (J.K.M., H.-J.C.)
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, South Korea (H.-J.C.)
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Wańczura P, Aebisher D, Iwański MA, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Bartusik-Aebisher D. The Essence of Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Health and Diseases Treated by Photodynamic Therapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:961. [PMID: 38790923 PMCID: PMC11117957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids, together with lipoprotein particles, are the cause of atherosclerosis, which is a pathology of the cardiovascular system. In addition, it affects inflammatory processes and affects the vessels and heart. In pharmaceutical answer to this, statins are considered a first-stage treatment method to block cholesterol synthesis. Many times, additional drugs are also used with this method to lower lipid concentrations in order to achieve certain values of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Recent advances in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a new cancer treatment have gained the therapy much attention as a minimally invasive and highly selective method. Photodynamic therapy has been proven more effective than chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy alone in numerous studies. Consequently, photodynamic therapy research has expanded in many fields of medicine due to its increased therapeutic effects and reduced side effects. Currently, PDT is the most commonly used therapy for treating age-related macular degeneration, as well as inflammatory diseases, and skin infections. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy against a number of pathogens has also been demonstrated in various studies. Also, PDT has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hyperplasia of the arterial intima. This review evaluates the effectiveness and usefulness of photodynamic therapy in cardiovascular diseases. According to the analysis, photodynamic therapy is a promising approach for treating cardiovascular diseases and may lead to new clinical trials and management standards. Our review addresses the used therapeutic strategies and also describes new therapeutic strategies to reduce the cardiovascular burden that is induced by lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wańczura
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mateusz A Iwański
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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Vecoli C, Caselli C, Modena M, Todiere G, Poddighe R, Valente S, Bandini F, Natali A, Ghiadoni L, Clerico A, Prontera C, Vittorini S, Botto N, Emdin M, Neglia D. Low HDL cholesterol and the eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism are associated with inducible myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:176. [PMID: 38519897 PMCID: PMC10958845 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene deficiency is known to cause impaired coronary vasodilating capability in animal models. In the general clinical population, the eNOS gene polymorphisms, able to affect eNOS activity, were associated with cardiometabolic risk features and prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). AIM To investigate the association of eNOS Glu298Asp gene polymorphism, cardiometabolic profile, obstructive CAD and inducible myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected stable CAD. METHODS A total of 506 patients (314 males; mean age 62 ± 9 years) referred for suspected CAD was enrolled. Among these, 325 patients underwent stress ECG or cardiac imaging to assess the presence of inducible myocardial ischemia and 436 patients underwent non-invasive computerized tomography or invasive coronary angiography to assess the presence of obstructive CAD. Clinical characteristics and blood samples were collected for each patient. RESULTS In the whole population, 49.6% of patients were homozygous for the Glu298 genotype (Glu/Glu), 40.9% heterozygotes (Glu/Asp) and 9.5% homozygous for the 298Asp genotype (Asp/Asp). Obstructive CAD was documented in 178/436 (40.8%) patients undergoing coronary angiography while myocardial ischemia in 160/325 (49.2%) patients undergoing stress testing. Patients with eNOS Asp genotype (Glu/Asp + Asp/Asp) had no significant differences in clinical risk factors and in circulating markers. Independent predictors of obstructive CAD were age, gender, obesity, and low HDL-C. Independent predictors of myocardial ischemia were gender, obesity, low HDL-C and Asp genotype. In the subpopulation in which both stress tests and coronary angiography were performed, the Asp genotype remained associated with increased myocardial ischemia risk after adjustment for obstructive CAD. CONCLUSION In this population, low-HDL cholesterol was the only cardiometabolic risk determinant of obstructive CAD. The eNOS Glu298Asp gene polymorphism was significantly associated with inducible myocardial ischemia independently of other risk factors and presence of obstructive CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy.
- Cardiovascular Department, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Chiara Caselli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Department, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Todiere
- Cardiovascular Department, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Poddighe
- Ospedale Della Versilia, Lido Di Camaiore, Lucca, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ghiadoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aldo Clerico
- Cardiovascular Department, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Concetta Prontera
- Cardiovascular Department, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Vittorini
- Cardiovascular Department, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Botto
- Cardiovascular Department, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Cardiovascular Department, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
- Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Cardiovascular Department, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy.
- Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
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Nieddu G, Formato M, Lepedda AJ. Searching for Atherosclerosis Biomarkers by Proteomics: A Focus on Lesion Pathogenesis and Vulnerability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15175. [PMID: 37894856 PMCID: PMC10607641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plaque rupture and thrombosis are the most important clinical complications in the pathogenesis of stroke, coronary arteries, and peripheral vascular diseases. The identification of early biomarkers of plaque presence and susceptibility to ulceration could be of primary importance in preventing such life-threatening events. With the improvement of proteomic tools, large-scale technologies have been proven valuable in attempting to unravel pathways of atherosclerotic degeneration and identifying new circulating markers to be utilized either as early diagnostic traits or as targets for new drug therapies. To address these issues, different matrices of human origin, such as vascular cells, arterial tissues, plasma, and urine, have been investigated. Besides, proteomics was also applied to experimental atherosclerosis in order to unveil significant insights into the mechanisms influencing atherogenesis. This narrative review provides an overview of the last twenty years of omics applications to the study of atherogenesis and lesion vulnerability, with particular emphasis on lipoproteomics and vascular tissue proteomics. Major issues of tissue analyses, such as plaque complexity, sampling, availability, choice of proper controls, and lipoproteins purification, will be raised, and future directions will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Junior Lepedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.); Antonio Junior Lepedda (A.J.L.)
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Zhang L, Xiong L, Fan L, Diao H, Tang M, Luo E, Guo W, Yang X, Xing S. Vascular lipidomics analysis reveales increased levels of phosphocholine and lysophosphocholine in atherosclerotic mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:1. [PMID: 36600244 PMCID: PMC9811766 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis (AS) is the major cause of cardiovascular disease, and dyslipidemia is a principal determinant of the initiation and progression of AS. Numerous works have analyzed the lipid signature of blood, but scarce information on the lipidome of vascular tissue is available. This study investigated the lipid profile in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice. METHOD ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into two groups: (1) the normal diet (ND) group and (2) the high-fat diet (HFD) group. After feeding for 8 weeks, the plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TGs) levels were measured. UHPLC-Q Exactive plus MS was used to assess the lipid profile using both positive and negative ionization modes. RESULTS LDL and TC levels were significantly increased in HFD mice, and lipid deposition, plaque area and collagen fiber levels were increased in HFD group. In addition, a total of 131 differential lipids were characterized, including 57 lipids with levels that were increased in the HFD group and 74 with levels that were decreased. Further analysis revealed that the levels of several differentially expressed phosphocholines (PCs) and lysophosphocholines (LPCs) were significantly increased. These PCs included PC (38:3), PC (36:4), PC (36:3), PC (36:2), PC (36:1), PC (34:1e), PC (34:1), PC (32:1), PC (18:0/18:1), and PC (38:5), and the LPCs included LPC (18:1), LPC (18:0) and LPC (16:0). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the presence of a comprehensive lipid profile in the vascular tissue of atherosclerotic mice, particularly involving PC and LPC, which exhibited significantly increased levels in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336 China
| | - Liling Xiong
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Li Fan
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Haoyang Diao
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Mi Tang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Erdan Luo
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Wenmei Guo
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Xiao Yang
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Shasha Xing
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
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Shatnawi A, Kamran Z, Al-Share Q. Pharmacogenomics of lipid-lowering agents: the impact on efficacy and safety. Per Med 2022; 20:65-86. [DOI: 10.2217/pme-2022-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. The lipid-lowering drugs are considered the cornerstone of primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, the lack of efficacy and associated adverse effects, ranging from mild-to-moderate to potentially life-threatening, lead to therapy discontinuation. Numerous reports support the role of gene polymorphisms in drugs' pharmacokinetic parameters and their associated adverse reactions. Therefore, this study aims to understand the pharmacogenomics of lipid-lowering drugs and the impact of genetic variants of key genes on the drugs' efficacy and toxicity. Indeed, genetically guided lipid-lowering therapy enhances overall safety, improves drug adherence and achieves long-term therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Shatnawi
- Department of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, 70 President St., Room 402, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zourayz Kamran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Administrative Sciences, University of Charleston School of Pharmacy, 2300 MacCorkle Ave SE, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
| | - Qusai Al-Share
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Assistant Professor of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Molecular Characterization of Plasma HDL, LDL, and VLDL Lipids Cargos from Atherosclerotic Patients with Advanced Carotid Lesions: A Preliminary Report. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012449. [PMID: 36293312 PMCID: PMC9604033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis represents a relevant healthcare problem, since unstable plaques are responsible for approximately 15% of neurologic events, namely transient ischemic attack and stroke. Although statins treatment has proven effective in reducing LDL-cholesterol and the onset of acute clinical events, a residual risk may persist suggesting the need for the detection of reliable molecular markers useful for the identification of patients at higher risk regardless of optimal medical therapy. In this regard, several lines of evidence show a relationship among specific biologically active plasma lipids, atherosclerosis, and acute clinical events. We performed a Selected Reaction Monitoring-based High Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (SRM-based HPLC-MS/MS) analysis on plasma HDL, LDL, and VLDL fractions purified, by isopycnic salt gradient ultracentrifugation, from twenty-eight patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, having either a “hard” or a “soft” plaque, with the aim of characterizing the specific lipidomic patterns associated with features of carotid plaque instability. One hundred and thirty lipid species encompassing different lipid (sub)classes were monitored. Supervised multivariate analysis showed that lipids belonging to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin (SM), and diacylglycerol (DG) classes mostly contribute to discrimination within each lipoprotein fraction according to the plaque typology. Differential analysis evidenced a significant dysregulation of LDL PE (38:6), SM (32:1), and SM (32:2) between the two groups of patients (adj. p-value threshold = 0.05 and log2FC ≥ |0.58|). Using this approach, some LDL-associated markers of plaque vulnerability have been identified, in line with the current knowledge of the key roles of these phospholipids in lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease. This proof-of-concept study reports promising results, showing that lipoprotein lipidomics may present a valuable approach for identifying new biomarkers of potential clinical relevance.
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De Luca L, Temporelli PL, Colivicchi F, Gonzini L, Fasano ML, Pantaleoni M, Greco G, Oliva F, Gabrielli D, Gulizia MM. Clinical Impact and Prognostic Role of Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndromes at Very High Risk: Insights From the START Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:874087. [PMID: 35498014 PMCID: PMC9043517 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.874087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSeveral studies have reported that the combination of high TG and low HDL-C, as simplified by the TG/HDL-C ratio, was a predictor of cardiovascular disease independent of LDL-C level. Nevertheless, poor data are available on the predictive role of TG/HDL-C ratio in very high risk (VHR) patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS).MethodsUsing the data from the STable Coronary Artery Diseases RegisTry (START) study, an Italian nationwide registry, we assessed the association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and baseline clinical characteristics, pharmacological treatment, and major adverse cardio-cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 1 year in a large cohort of CCS patients at VHR.ResultsVHR patients with both TG and HDL-C levels available were grouped in tertiles of TG/HDL-C ratio: low (TG/HDL-C ratio <2, n = 967), middle (TG/HDL-C ratio 2–3.3, n = 1,071) and high (TG/HDL-C ratio >3.3, n = 1,028). At 1 year from enrolment, 232 (7.6%) patients presented a MACCE, with a higher incidence in the higher tertile, even though not statistically significant (6.0, 8.2, and 8.4% in the low, middle and high tertile, respectively; p = 0.08). At multivariable analysis, the TG/HDL-C ratio in tertiles did not result an independent predictor of the MACCE (p = 0.29) at 1-year follow-up (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.93–1.82; p = 0.12 middle vs. lower tertile, and HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.87–1.72; p = 0.25 higher vs. lower).ConclusionsIn the present large, nationwide cohort of CCS patients at VHR a high TG/HD ratio did not emerge as independent predictor of MACCE at 1 year. Further studies with a longer follow-up are needed to better define the prognostic role of TG/HDL ratio in CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo De Luca
- Department of Cardiosciences, Division of Cardiology, S. Camillo-Forlanini, Roma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Leonardo De Luca ;
| | - Pier Luigi Temporelli
- Division of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Gattico-Veruno, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Luisa Fasano
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, S. Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Massimo Pantaleoni
- Division of Cardiology, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Cardiovascular Department, Division of Cardiology, “A. De Gasperis”, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Gabrielli
- Department of Cardiosciences, Division of Cardiology, S. Camillo-Forlanini, Roma, Italy
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