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Qiuyue L, Gulin D, Hong X, Jiazhen Y, Rukui Y, Xinwu H, Guochun L. Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu Capsule Ameliorates Platelet Aggregation and Thrombus Induced by Aspirin in Rats by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and MicroRNA Pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:854-862. [PMID: 37438906 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230712110103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zhilong Huoxue Tongyu capsule (ZLHX) is a traditional Chinese medicinal compound preparation, which exhibits obvious therapeutic effects on aspirin resistance (AR). However, the mechanism of ZLHX on AR is rarely reported. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of AR and the underlying mechanisms of ZLHX on AR rats. METHODS An AR model was established through treatment with a high-fat, high-sugar, and highsalt diet for 12 weeks and oral administration of aspirin (27 mg/kg/day) and ibuprofen (36 mg/kg/day) in weeks 9-12. The rats were administrated with ZLHX (225, 450, and 900 mg/kg) from week 12 to week 16. Blood samples were collected after the experiment. Thromboelastography analysis was performed, and the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined. Furthermore, the levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6- keto-PGF1α) were determined with commercial ELISA kits. Finally, the gene expressions of microRNA- 126-3p (miRNA-126-3p) and miRNA-34b-3p were detected through a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Results demonstrated that ZLHX significantly inhibited platelet aggregation in the AR rats. Moreover, ZLHX markedly decreased the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C and increased the level of HDL-C. Meanwhile, ELISA results confirmed that ZLHX can elevate the expression levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α. Further studies suggested that ZLHX significantly downregulated the expression levels of miRNA-126-3p and miRNA-34b-3p. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the therapeutic effect of ZLHX might be related to the regulation of lipid metabolism and the miRNA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiuyue
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Deng Gulin
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xu Hong
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yin Jiazhen
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yuan Rukui
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Huang Xinwu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Li Guochun
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
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Chen C, Yang X, Liu S, Zhang M, Wang C, Xia X, Lou Y, Xu H. The effect of lipid metabolism regulator anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C57BL/6 mice via activating AMPK signaling and gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:6254-6270. [PMID: 34114580 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated lipid metabolism regulation by anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa (AAM) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high fat diet (HFD) mice. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis identified the constituents of AAM, which decreased lipid content and inflammation in 3T3-L1 cells without cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, taking normal diet and orlistat mice as references, AAM supplementation improved blood lipid levels and adipocyte degeneration, promoted beneficial gut microbial growth, and maintained lipid metabolism in HFD mice. Furthermore, AAM activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, accompanied by the regulation of adipogenic transcription factors and their target genes in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our data demonstrated that AAM exhibits anti-adipogenic activities that were partially mediated by the AMPK pathway and gut microbiota regulation. This study provides new insight into the regulation of lipid metabolism by AAM and suggests that AAM has potential therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, Jilin, China.
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Sakamoto M, Matsutani D, Kayama Y. Clinical Implications of Baroreflex Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes. Int Heart J 2019; 60:241-246. [PMID: 30799384 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), which maintains systemic circulatory homeostasis, is an established tool to assess cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As BRS plays an important function in blood pressure regulation, reduced BRS leads to an increase in blood pressure variability, which further leads to reduced BRS. This sequence of events becomes a vicious cycle. The major risk factors for reduced BRS are T2DM and essential hypertension, but many other risk factors have been reported to influence BRS. In recent years, reports have indicated that glycemic variability (GV), such as short- and long-term GV that are considered important risk factors for macrovascular and microvascular complications, is involved in reductions in BRS independently of blood glucose levels. In this review, we discuss reduced BRS in T2DM, its features, and the potential for its reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Sakamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Daisuke Matsutani
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Yosuke Kayama
- Department of Cardiology, Jikei University School of Medicine
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Odnoshivkina UG, Sytchev VI, Starostin O, Petrov AM. Brain cholesterol metabolite 24-hydroxycholesterol modulates inotropic responses to β-adrenoceptor stimulation: The role of NO and phosphodiesterase. Life Sci 2019; 220:117-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chadda KR, Ajijola OA, Vaseghi M, Shivkumar K, Huang CLH, Jeevaratnam K. Ageing, the autonomic nervous system and arrhythmia: From brain to heart. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:40-50. [PMID: 30300712 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An ageing myocardium possesses significant electrophysiological alterations that predisposes the elderly patient to arrhythmic risk. Whilst these alterations are intrinsic to the cardiac myocytes, they are modulated by the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) and consequently, ageing of the cardiac ANS is fundamental to the development of arrhythmias. A systems-based approach that incorporates the influence of the cardiac ANS could lead to better mechanistic understanding of how arrhythmogenic triggers and substrates interact spatially and temporally to produce sustained arrhythmia and why its incidence increases with age. Despite the existence of physiological oscillations of ANS activity on the heart, pathological oscillations can lead to defective activation and recovery properties of the myocardium. Such changes can be attributable to the decrease in functionality and structural alterations to ANS specific receptors in the myocardium with age. These altered ANS adaptive responses can occur either as a normal ageing process or accelerated in the presence of specific cardiac pathologies, such as genetic mutations or neurodegenerative conditions. Targeted intervention that seek to manipulate the ageing ANS influence on the myocardium may prove to be an efficacious approach for the management of arrhythmia in the ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan R Chadda
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom; Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System/David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marmar Vaseghi
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System/David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Health System/David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher L-H Huang
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, Hopkins Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalan Jeevaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom; Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
This study aimed to explore the feasible effect of ezetimibe for postprandial hyperlipidemia (PPHP).Sixty participants were included in this study. Of these, 30 subjects in the intervention group received ezetimibe, while the remaining 30 participants in the control group did not undergo ezetimibe. All patients in intervention group were treated for a total of 2 weeks. Primary endpoints consisted of serum levels of total cholesterol (Total-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG). Secondary endpoints included apoB-48, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C), blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP). All outcomes were measured before and after 2-week treatment.After 2-week treatment, participants in the intervention group did not show better outcomes in primary endpoints of Total-C, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG; and secondary endpoints of apoB-48, RLP-C, blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and MCP, compared with subjects in the control group.The results of this study showed that ezetimibe may be not efficacious for participants with PPHP after 2-week treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ming-Hui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Yan’an, Yan’an, China
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Kliszczewicz B, Bechke E, Williamson C, Bailey P, Hoffstetter W, McLester J, McLester C. The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:34. [PMID: 30041682 PMCID: PMC6057091 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the resting cardiac autonomic nervous system’s response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and its influence on recovery following a high-intensity anaerobic exercise bout in habitual caffeine users. Methods Ten physically active males (25.1 ± 3.9 years; weight 78.71 ± 9.53 kg; height 177.2 ± 4.6 cm; body fat 15.5 ± 3.13%) participated in this study, which consisted of two exhaustive exercise protocols in a randomized crossover design. On each visit the participants consumed either a CA + C (100 mg of CA and 100 mg of C) or placebo (dextrose) capsule. After consumption, participants were monitored throughout a 45-min ingestion period, then completed a repeated Wingate protocol, and were then monitored throughout a 45-min recovery period. Cardiac autonomic function (Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV)) and plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) were taken at four different time points; Ingestion period: baseline (I1), post-ingestion period (I2); Recovery period: immediately post-exercise (R1), post-recovery period (R2). Heart rate variability was assessed in 5-min increments. Results A repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time-dependent increases in HR, sympathetic related markers of HRV, and plasma E and NE at I2 only in the CA + C trial (p < 0.05); however, no meaningful changes in parasympathetic markers of HRV were observed. Participants recovered in a similar time-dependent manner in all markers of HRV and catecholamines following the PLA and CA + C trials. Conclusion The consumption of CA + C results in an increase of sympathetic activity during resting conditions without influencing parasympathetic activity. CA + C provides no influence over cardiac autonomic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kliszczewicz
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.
| | - Emily Bechke
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Cassie Williamson
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Paul Bailey
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Wade Hoffstetter
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - John McLester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Cherilyn McLester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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Visit-to-visit HbA1c variability is inversely related to baroreflex sensitivity independently of HbA1c value in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:100. [PMID: 29991356 PMCID: PMC6038306 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between long-term glycemic variability (GV) represented by visit-to-visit HbA1c variability and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been clarified by previous literature. The present study is the first to examine the relationships between visit-to-visit HbA1c variability and BRS. METHODS This retrospective study initially analyzed data on 94 patients with T2DM. Visit-to-visit HbA1c variability was evaluated using the intrapersonal coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation (SD), and adjusted SD of 8 or more serial measurements of HbA1c during a 2-year period. The BRS was analyzed using the sequence method. Short-term GV was assessed by measuring the glucose CV during 24-h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). The primary objective was to determine if there was a relationship between visit-to-visit HbA1c variability (HbA1c CV) and BRS. Secondary objectives were to examine the relationship between other variables and BRS and the respective and combined effects of long-term GV (HbA1c CV) and short-term GV (CGM CV) on BRS. RESULTS A total of 57 patients (mean age 67.2 ± 7.7 years, mean HbA1c 7.3 ± 1.0%) who met this study's inclusion criteria were finally analyzed. In the univariate analysis, HbA1c CV (r = - 0.354, p = 0.007), HbA1c SD (r = - 0.384, p = 0.003), and adjusted HbA1c SD (r = - 0.391, p = 0.003) were significantly related to low levels of BRS. Multiple regression analysis showed that HbA1c CV, HbA1c SD, and adjusted HbA1c SD were inversely related to BRS. Furthermore, although the increase in either long-term GV (HbA1c CV) or short-term GV (CGM CV) as determined by 24-h CGM was inversely correlated with BRS, additional reductions in BRS were not shown in participants with both HbA1c CV and CGM CV values above the median. CONCLUSIONS Visit-to-visit HbA1c variability was inversely related to BRS independently of the mean HbA1c in patients with T2DM. Therefore, visit-to-visit HbA1c variability might be a marker of reduced BRS in T2DM.
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Matsutani D, Sakamoto M, Iuchi H, Minato S, Suzuki H, Kayama Y, Takeda N, Horiuchi R, Utsunomiya K. Glycemic variability in continuous glucose monitoring is inversely associated with baroreflex sensitivity in type 2 diabetes: a preliminary report. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018. [PMID: 29514695 PMCID: PMC5840775 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is presently unclear whether glycemic variability (GV) is associated with baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), which is an early indicator of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. The present study is the first to examine the relationships between BRS and GV measured using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Methods This was a multicenter, prospective, open-label clinical trial. A total of 102 patients with type 2 diabetes were consecutively recruited for this study. GV was assessed by measuring the standard deviation (SD), glucose coefficient of variation (CV), and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) during CGM. The BRS was analyzed from electrocardiogram and blood pressure recordings using the sequence method on the first day of hospitalization. Results A total of 94 patients (mean diabetes duration 9.7 ± 9.6 years, mean HbA1c 61.0 ± 16.8 mmol/mol [7.7 ± 1.5%]) were analyzed. In the univariate analysis, CGM-SD (r = − 0.375, p = 0.000), CGM-CV (r = − 0.386, p = 0.000), and MAGE (r = − 0.395, p = 0.000) were inversely related to BRS. In addition to GV, the level of BRS correlated with the coefficient of variation in the R–R intervals (CVR-R) (r = 0.520, p = 0.000), heart rate (HR) (r = − 0.310, p = 0.002), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) (r = − 0.326, p = 0.001), age (r = − 0.519, p = 0.000), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = 0.276, p = 0.007). Multiple regression analysis showed that CGM-CV and MAGE were significantly related to a decrease in BRS. These findings remained after adjusting the BRS for age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, HR, eGFR, CAVI, and CGM-mean glucose. Additionally, BRS was divided according to quartiles of the duration of diabetes (Q1–4). BRS decreased after a 2-year duration of diabetes independently of age and sex. Conclusions GV was inversely related to BRS independently of blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Measurement of BRS may have the potential to predict CV events in consideration of GV. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000025964, 28/02/2017 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0683-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsutani
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masaya Sakamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Iuchi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Souichirou Minato
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Suzuki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kayama
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Horiuchi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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