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McLESTER CN, Rooks R, McLESTER JR, Bechke E, Williamson C, Kliszczewicz BM. A Comparison of Anaerobic Power Tests using Cycle Ergometry and Nonmotorized Treadmill Ergometry at Optimized Loads. Int J Exerc Sci 2023; 16:1293-1305. [PMID: 38288078 PMCID: PMC10824291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare performance markers derived from a 30-second maximal bout on a cycle ergometer (CE) and non-motorized treadmill (NMT) under optimized loads. Recreationally active participants (n = 40) volunteered for the study. Force-velocity tests on the CE and NMT were used to determine optimal resistance for peak power (PP) production. The remaining visits were randomized and counterbalanced, with a single 30-second maximal test on CE or NMT to assess PP, mean power (MP), fatigue index (FI), over the course of the 30-second test, and maximum heart rate (HRmax) and blood lactate (BLa-) taken 1-minute post. Results were that PP and MP were higher (P<0.05) on CE compared to NMT for both sexes. FI did not differ among males (P=0.201) whereas females showed higher FI (P=0.002) on the CE. HRmax and BLa- were higher (P<0.05) after NMT for both sexes. There was no difference for optimal braking force on NMT between males (16.65±4.49%BW) and females (14.30±3.10%BW) (P=0.061). CE optimal torque factor was higher for males (0.78±0.16 Nm/kg) compared to females (0.62±0.14 Nm/kg) (P=0.001). Overall, CE produced higher power output using optimized loads in recreationally active males and females, while NMT test resulted in a higher HRmax and BLa- concentration. These tests for anaerobic power, when performed with optimized loads, produced different results for several variables, therefore these modalities should not be considered interchangeable. Practitioners should consider which modality best mimics the activities of the person being tested when selecting a protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherilyn N McLESTER
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Rasmus Rooks
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - John R McLESTER
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Emily Bechke
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | | | - Brian M Kliszczewicz
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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Duffy DM, Bechke E, Goldenstein S, Wideman L, DuBois S, Rhea CK, Monroe DC. Changes In Serum Neurofilament Light And Brain White Matter Microstructure In Female Football Players: A Pilot Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000883324.47132.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zaplatosch M, Anderson T, Bechke E, Gardner H, Goldenstein S, Wideman L, Adams W. Influence of Habitual Water Intake on Energy Intake in Emerging Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2022. [PMCID: PMC9193501 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac057.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Acute water ingestion before a meal is suggested to reduce energy intake (EI) by promoting satiety; however, the influence of daily fluid intake on associated EI has yet to be extensively explored. This study determined the relationship between habitual total fluid intake and EI in emerging adults. Methods 54 free-living college students (45% female; age, 23 ± 4 years; height, 173.5 ± 12.2 cm; body mass, 75.8 ± 17.6 kg; body fat (BF), 19.0 ± 8.7%) provided a 24 h urine sample across 7 consecutive days and recorded their daily food and fluid intake. Daily perceptual measures of thirst were assessed in a subset of participants (n = 34) using separate 100mm visual analog scales to assess perceived thirstiness, pleasantness (mouth), dryness (mouth), taste (mouth), fullness (gastrointestinal tract), and sickness (gastrointestinal tract). Linear mixed effect models with random intercepts assessed the associations of between and within-person changes in daily fluid intake (total fluid (TF), plain water intake (PW), and total water intake from food and fluids (TWI)), BF, and thirst ratings on EI via person-mean centering. Results On average, participants consumed 2626 ± 1357 ml TF, 1812 ± 1276 ml PW, 3049 ± 1441 ml TWI, and 1950 ± 717 kcals across all observations. Participants that consumed more PW than the group mean had greater total EI above the group mean (β = 0.156 [0.03, 0.28], p = 0.015). However, when participants consumed more PW than is typical, they reported a lower total EI compared to their individual mean (β = −0.15, [−4.7e-3, −0.29], p = 0.0468). Between participants, greater ratings of thirst were associated with lower EI (β = −9.22, [−17.26, −1.20], p = 0.032), however, within-person increases in thirst were associated with greater EI (β = 11.14, [2.01, 20.27], p = 0.021). When covarying for TWI, individuals with higher BF reported lower total EI (β = −17.48 [−31.87, −3.12], p = 0.022). Conclusions Increasing PW intake above one's typical volume can potentially reduce EI, perhaps through mechanisms or perceptions of increased satiety. Disparate findings for between and within-person effects of PW on EI warrant further investigation into other variables influencing EI and PW intake such as physical activity and food preferences. Funding Sources This study was funded in part by a grant from the Office of Research and Engagement at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
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Kliszczewicz B, Markert CD, Bechke E, Williamson C, Clemons KN, Snarr RL, McKenzie MJ. Acute Effect of Popular High-Intensity Functional Training Exercise on Physiologic Markers of Growth. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1677-1684. [PMID: 30399116 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kliszczewicz, B, Markert, CD, Bechke, E, Williamson, C, Clemons, KN, Snarr, RL, and McKenzie, MJ. Acute effect of popular high-intensity functional training exercise on physiologic markers of growth. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1677-1684, 2021-Constantly evolving, high-intensity functional training (HIFT) exercise consists of various modalities, orders, weights, and repetition schemes. High-intensity functional training has gained popularity among the general population, but lacks empirical evidence regarding acute adaptive responses. The purpose of this study was to describe the acute effects of 2 representative bouts of HIFT on physiologic markers of growth. For convenience, the bouts are designated "short" (<5 minutes) and "long" (∼15 minutes), although duration was not the only difference between bouts. Ten apparently healthy men (28.1 ± 5 years) performed 2 HIFT bouts in a randomized crossover design. Blood was collected at 5 time points (Pre, Post, 1, 3, and 6 hours) to examine growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 1 and 2 (IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Blood lactate concentration ([La]) was analyzed at the Pre and Post time points. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no trial differences among the markers (IGF-1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and VEGF) except GH at Post, where the long bout produced a greater effect (p = 0.005). Mean GH levels (pg·ml-1) in the short bout increased from 68.4 to 106.5, and in the long bout, mean GH levels increased from 38.5 to 286.4. The repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a main time effect in GH (p = 0.037), while a post hoc t-test demonstrated elevated GH at 1 hour (p = 0.018) when compared with Pre. No time-dependent change (p > 0.05) was observed in IGF-1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, or VEGF. Mean blood [lactate] increased more than tenfold in both bouts. The findings of this descriptive study suggest that, other than GH, there are no acute differences in markers of skeletal muscle or vascular growth between these 2 specific HIFT bouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kliszczewicz
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University WellStar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Chad D Markert
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Anderson Conference Center, School of Health Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Emily Bechke
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University WellStar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Cassie Williamson
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University WellStar College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Khala N Clemons
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Anderson Conference Center, School of Health Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ronald L Snarr
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, School of Health and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia; and
| | - Michael J McKenzie
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Beaver College of Health Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone North Carolina
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Berry NT, Bechke E, Shriver LH, Calkins SD, Keane SP, Shanahan L, Wideman L. Heart Rate Dynamics During Acute Recovery From Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Young Adults. Front Physiol 2021; 12:627320. [PMID: 33613320 PMCID: PMC7892957 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.627320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resting heart rate (HRrest), heart rate variability (HRV), and HR recovery (HRR) from exercise provide valuable information about cardiac autonomic control. RR-intervals during acute recovery from exercise (RRrec) are commonly excluded from HRV analyses due to issues of non-stationarity. However, the variability and complexity within these trends may provide valuable information about changes in HR dynamics. PURPOSE Assess the complexity of RRrec and determine what physiologic and demographic information are associated with differences in these indices in young adults. METHODS RR-intervals were collected throughout maximal treadmill exercise and recovery in young adults (n = 92). The first 5 min of RRrec were (1) analyzed with previously reported methods that use 3-interval lengths for comparison and (2) detrended using both differencing(diff) and polynomial regression(res). The standard deviation of the normal interval (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), root mean square (RMS) of the residual of regression, and sample entropy (SampEn) were calculated. Repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tested for differences in these indices for each of the methodological approaches, controlling for race, body fat, peak oxygen uptake (VO2p eak), and resting HR (HRrest). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS VO2p eak and HRrest were significantly correlated with traditional measures of HRR and the variability surrounding RRrec. SampEndiff and SampEnres were correlated with VO2p eak but not HRrest or HRR. The residual-method provided a significantly (p = 0.04) lower mean standard error (MSE) (0.064 ± 0.042) compared to the differencing-method (0.100 ± 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Complexity analysis of RRrec provides unique information about cardiac autonomic regulation immediately following the cessation of exercise when compared to traditional measures of HRR and both HRrest and VO2peak influence these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel T. Berry
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Emily Bechke
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Lenka H. Shriver
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Susan D. Calkins
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Susan P. Keane
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
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Bechke E, Kliszczewicz B, McLester C, Tillman M, Esco M, Lopez R. An examination of single day vs. multi-day heart rate variability and its relationship to heart rate recovery following maximal aerobic exercise in females. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14760. [PMID: 32901083 PMCID: PMC7479577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of a single day measure of heart rate variability (HRV), and the averaged baseline measures of HRV to heart rate recovery (HRR) following maximal exercise. Thirty females (22.9 ± 3.2 years, 64.8 ± 8.4 kg) completed four visits (V1-V4), where a 10-min HRV was recorded. Upon completing the V4 recording, a treadmill graded exercise test (GXT) was performed, followed by a 5-min active cool down. HRV was assessed through time domain measures [natural log of root mean square of successive R-R differences (lnRMSSD) and standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (lnSDNN)] and natural log frequency domain measures [low frequency (lnLF) and high frequency (lnHF)]. Variables collected over V1-V4 were measured as; day of (DO) GXT, 3 day (AV3), and 4 day average (AV4). HRR was calculated as the maximal HR achieved minus the HR at: 30-s (HRR30), 1-min (HRR1), 2-min (HRR2), 3-min (HRR3), 4-min (HRR4) or 5-min (HRR5) of recovery. Pearson's Product correlations revealed significant correlations (P = < 0.05) between all HRVDO measures to each HRR measure and are presented in ranges: lnSDNN (r = 0.442-0.522), lnRMSSD (r = 0.458-0.514), lnLF (r = 0.368-0.469), lnHF (r = 0.422-0.493). For HRVAV3, lnRMSSDAV3 and HRR1 were positively correlated (r = 0.390, P = 0.033). Last, HRVAV4 showed positive relationships (P = < 0.05) between lnRMSSDAV4 and HRR30 (r = 0.365, P = 0.048); and for HRR1 and lnSDNNAV4 (r = 0.400, P = 0.029), lnRMSSDAV4 (r = 0.442, P = 0.014), and lnHFAV4 (r = 0.368, P = 0.045); and lnRMSSDAV4 and HRR3 (r = 0.381, P = 0.038). Within the current study HRVDO displayed the strongest correlations to HRR therefore, averaged resting HRV measures do not strengthen the prediction of cardiovascular recovery following a GXT in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bechke
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1400 Spring Garden St., Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA
| | - Brian Kliszczewicz
- Kennesaw State University, 520 Parliament Garden Way NW, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA.
| | - Cherilyn McLester
- Kennesaw State University, 520 Parliament Garden Way NW, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Mark Tillman
- Kennesaw State University, 520 Parliament Garden Way NW, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Michael Esco
- The University of Alabama, 101 8th St., Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - Roxanna Lopez
- Kennesaw State University, 520 Parliament Garden Way NW, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
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Bechke E, Berry N, Kincaid Z, Anderson T, Goldfarb A, Rhea C, Wideman L. Utility Of Serial Short-time Indices Of HRV And Cardiac Dynamics Throughout The Day. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000680364.26642.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Townsend JR, Bender D, Vantrease WC, Hudy J, Huet K, Williamson C, Bechke E, Serafini PR, Mangine GT. Isometric Midthigh Pull Performance Is Associated With Athletic Performance and Sprinting Kinetics in Division I Men and Women's Basketball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2665-2673. [PMID: 28777249 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Townsend, JR, Bender, D, Vantrease, WC, Hudy, J, Huet, K, Williamson, C, Bechke, E, Serafini, PR, and Mangine, GT. Isometric midthigh pull performance is associated with athletic performance and sprinting kinetics in Division I men and women's basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2665-2673, 2019- The relationships between isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) force, athletic performance measures, and sprint kinetics in Division I men's and women's basketball players were investigated. Twenty-three (male = 8, female = 15) Division 1 basketball players completed a maximal 20-m sprint trial while tethered to a device that provided kinetic feedback (peak and average sprinting power, velocity and force). Additionally, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) front squat, 1RM hang clean, vertical jump height, and agility (proagility and lane agility) tests were performed. Rate of force development (RFD) at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 milliseconds of IMTP and peak force (PF) were also collected. Pearson's product-moment correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between these measures. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) relationships were observed between IMTP PF and sprint time over all distances (5-20 m; r = -0.62 to 0.69), average sprint velocity (r = 0.50-0.70), peak sprint velocity (r = 0.50-0.54), average sprint force (r = 0.48-0.69), and average sprint power (r = 0.62-0.73). Sprinting kinetic measures (average force and power) over the first 5 m were also significantly (p ≤ 0.05) related to IMTP RFD (50-250 ms; r = 0.42-0.62). Results indicate that IMTP variables are significantly associated with 20-m sprint kinetics. Specifically, IMTP RFD appears to be related to the initial acceleration kinetics of a sprint. Strength and conditioning professionals can possibly implement the IMTP for improved assessment and monitoring of athletic performance and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Townsend
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David Bender
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William C Vantrease
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John Hudy
- Exercise and Nutrition Science Graduate Program, Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kevin Huet
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Cassie Williamson
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Emily Bechke
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Paul R Serafini
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Gerald T Mangine
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
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Kliszczewicz B, Buresh R, Bechke E. Influence of High Intensity Body-Weight Circuit Training in Adults with Type II Diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561401.83873.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kliszczewicz B, Bechke E, Williamson C, Green Z, Bailey P, McLester J, McLester C. Citrus Aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on biomarkers of metabolism: a double blind crossover design. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:4. [PMID: 30728061 PMCID: PMC6366059 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUOND The purpose of this study was to examine resting the metabolic response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus Aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and if its consumption influences metabolic recovery following a high-intensity anaerobic exercise bout in habitual caffeine users. METHODS Ten physically active males (25.1 ± 3.9 years; weight 78.71 ± 9.53 kg; height 177.2 ± 4.6 cm; body fat 15.5 ± 3.13%) participated in this study. This study was performed in a double-blind, randomized crossover fashion consisting of two exhaustive exercise protocols. On each visit the participants consumed either a CA + C (100 mg of CA and 100 mg of C) or placebo (dextrose) capsule. After consumption, participants were monitored throughout a 45-min ingestion period, then completed a repeated Wingate protocol, and were then monitored throughout a 45-min recovery period. Metabolic function was measured through blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma triglycerides, and plasma catecholamines: epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE). Biomarkers were taken at four different time points; Ingestion period: baseline (I1), post-ingestion period (I2); Recovery period: immediately post-exercise (R1), post-recovery period (R2). RESULTS A repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time-dependent increases in plasma E and NE at I2 only in the CA + C trial (p < 0.05), and a significant decrease in blood glucose at I2 in the PLA trial (p < 0.05); however, no meaningful changes in glucose was observed following CA + C ingestion. No changes in insulin or triglycerides were observed during the ingestion period. No trial-dependent differences were observed in the Recovery period. All biomarkers of metabolic recovery were equivalent when evaluating R1 v R2. Participants recovered in a similar time-dependent manner in all markers of metabolism following the PLA and CA + C trials. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggested that normal recommended dosages of 100 mg CA + 100 mg C is sufficient to promote glucose sparing at rest, with modest increases in SNS activity; however, the individual role of CA or C in this response cannot be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kliszczewicz
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.
| | - Emily Bechke
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Cassie Williamson
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Zackery Green
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Paul Bailey
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - John McLester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Cherilyn McLester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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Kliszczewicz B, Markert CD, Bechke E, Williamson C, Clemons KN, Snarr RL, Mckenzie MJ. Acute inflammatory responses to high-intensity functional training programming: An observational study. jhse 2019. [DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2019.144.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Mangine GT, Huet K, Williamson C, Bechke E, Serafini P, Bender D, Hudy J, Townsend J. A Resisted Sprint Improves Rate of Force Development During a 20-m Sprint in Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1531-1537. [PMID: 29786621 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mangine, GT, Huet, K, Williamson, C, Bechke, E, Serafini, P, Bender, D, Hudy, J, and Townsend, J. A resisted sprint improves rate of force development during a 20-m sprint in athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1531-1537, 2018-This study examined the effect of a resisted sprint on 20-m sprinting kinetics. After a standardized warm-up, 23 (male = 10, female = 13) Division I basketball players completed 3 maximal 20-m sprint trials while tethered to a robotic resistance device. The first sprint (S1) used the minimal, necessary resistance (1 kg) to detect peak (PK) and average (AVG) sprinting power (P), velocity (V), and force (F); peak rate of force production (RFD) was also calculated. The second sprint (S2) was completed against a load equal to approximately 5% of the athlete's body mass. Minimal resistance (1 kg) was again used for the final sprint (S3). Approximately 4-9 minutes of rest was allotted between each sprint. Separate analyses of variance with repeated measures revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) main effects for all sprinting kinetic measures except VPK (p = 0.067). Compared with S1, increased (p < 0.006) 20-m sprint time (3.4 ± 4.9%), PAVG (115.9 ± 33.2%), PPK (65.7 ± 23.7%), FAVG (134.1 ± 34.5%), FPK (65.3 ± 16.2%), and RFD (71.8 ± 22.2%) along with decreased (p < 0.001) stride length (-21 ± 15.3%) and VAVG (-6.6 ± 4.6%) were observed during S2. During S3, only RFD was improved (5.2 ± 7.1%, p < 0.001) compared with S1. In conclusion, completing a short, resisted sprint with a load equating to 5% of body mass before a short sprint (∼20-meters) does not seem to affect sprinting time or kinetics. However, it does appear to enhance RFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T Mangine
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Kevin Huet
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Cassie Williamson
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Emily Bechke
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Paul Serafini
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - David Bender
- Exercise and Nutrition Science, Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John Hudy
- Exercise and Nutrition Science, Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy Townsend
- Exercise and Nutrition Science, Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Kliszczewicz B, Bechke E, Williamson C, Bailey P, Hoffstetter W, McLester J, McLester C. The influence of citrus aurantium and caffeine complex versus placebo on the cardiac autonomic response: a double blind crossover design. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:34. [PMID: 30041682 PMCID: PMC6057091 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the resting cardiac autonomic nervous system’s response to the ingestion of a complex containing Citrus aurantium + Caffeine (CA + C) and its influence on recovery following a high-intensity anaerobic exercise bout in habitual caffeine users. Methods Ten physically active males (25.1 ± 3.9 years; weight 78.71 ± 9.53 kg; height 177.2 ± 4.6 cm; body fat 15.5 ± 3.13%) participated in this study, which consisted of two exhaustive exercise protocols in a randomized crossover design. On each visit the participants consumed either a CA + C (100 mg of CA and 100 mg of C) or placebo (dextrose) capsule. After consumption, participants were monitored throughout a 45-min ingestion period, then completed a repeated Wingate protocol, and were then monitored throughout a 45-min recovery period. Cardiac autonomic function (Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV)) and plasma epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) were taken at four different time points; Ingestion period: baseline (I1), post-ingestion period (I2); Recovery period: immediately post-exercise (R1), post-recovery period (R2). Heart rate variability was assessed in 5-min increments. Results A repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time-dependent increases in HR, sympathetic related markers of HRV, and plasma E and NE at I2 only in the CA + C trial (p < 0.05); however, no meaningful changes in parasympathetic markers of HRV were observed. Participants recovered in a similar time-dependent manner in all markers of HRV and catecholamines following the PLA and CA + C trials. Conclusion The consumption of CA + C results in an increase of sympathetic activity during resting conditions without influencing parasympathetic activity. CA + C provides no influence over cardiac autonomic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kliszczewicz
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.
| | - Emily Bechke
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Cassie Williamson
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Paul Bailey
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Wade Hoffstetter
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - John McLester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Cherilyn McLester
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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McLester C, Wheeler B, Bechke E, Williamson C, McLester JR. An Examination of Obligatory Exercise, Eating Attitudes, and Perceived Body Image Among Collegiate Males and Females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536127.93861.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kliszczewicz B, Markert C, Bechke E, Williamson C, McKenzie M, Clemons K. Variations of Acute Bouts of High-Intensity Training Programming Minimally Influence Biomarkers of Growth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536923.14716.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bechke E, Williamson C, Bailey P, Hoffstetter W, McLester C, Kliszczewicz B. Caffeine and Citrate Aurantium Supplementation Alter Resting Cardiac Autonomic Function but Not During Recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000537058.92326.f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kliszczewicz B, Williamson C, Bechke E, McKenzie M, Hoffstetter W. Autonomic response to a short and long bout of high-intensity functional training. J Sports Sci 2018; 36:1872-1879. [PMID: 29308709 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1423857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) recovery following exercise provides insight into the transient stress placed on the cardiovascular system. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is a form of intense exercise that is prescribed in various modalities and durations; however, little is known about the influence of HIFT duration on ANS recovery. Ten apparently healthy males (28.1 ± 5.4 yrs) performed two HIFT sessions (<5-minute and 15-minute) in a crossover fashion. ANS activity was measured using plasma Epinephrine (E) and Norepineprine (NE); Heart Rate Variability markers of the log transformed Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (lnRMSSD) and High-Frequency power (lnHF). No trial dependent differences were observed in lnRMSSD (p = 0.822), lnHF (p = 0.886), E (p = 0.078), or NE (p = 0.194). A significant main time effect was observed in both trials with a depression in lnRMSSD and lnHF following the trials (p < 0.05) and recovering by 2-hours post (p = 0.141, p > 0.999) respectively. A trial dependent increase in E and NE occurred immediately post (p < 0.05) and recovered by 1-hour post (p > 0.999, p > 0.999) respectively. The HIFT bouts examined within this study demonstrated similar transient strain of the ANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kliszczewicz
- a Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management , Kennesaw State University , Kennesaw , GA , USA
| | - Cassie Williamson
- a Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management , Kennesaw State University , Kennesaw , GA , USA
| | - Emily Bechke
- a Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management , Kennesaw State University , Kennesaw , GA , USA
| | - Michael McKenzie
- b Department of Exercise Science , Winston-Salem State University , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Wade Hoffstetter
- a Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management , Kennesaw State University , Kennesaw , GA , USA
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Bechke E, Box A, Hoffstetter W, Serafini P, Williamson C, Feito Y, Kliszczewicz B. Heart Rate Variability Following a Short and Long Bout of High-Intensity Functional Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000519451.33415.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kliszczewicz B, Buresh R, Bechke E, Williamson C, Bailey P, Feito Y. Glucose Regulation Following A Short And Long Bout Of High-intensity Functional Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517353.75356.b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mangine G, Huet K, Williamson C, Bechke E, Serafini P, Bender D, Hudy J, Townsend J. A Robotic Resisted-sprint Improves Rate Of Force Development During A 20 Meter Sprint In Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518217.35830.3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kliszczewicz B, Buresh R, Bechke E, Williamson C. Metabolic biomarkers following a short and long bout of high-intensity functional training in recreationally trained men. jhse 2017. [DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2017.123.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Bechke E, Kliszczewicz B, Feito Y, Kelemen H, Nickerson B. Resting cardiac autonomic activity and body composition following a 16-week high-intensity functional training intervention in women: A pilot study. jhse 2017. [DOI: 10.14198/jhse.2017.123.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kliszczewicz B, Brown D, Price B, Hoffstetter W, Serafini P, Bechke E, Feito Y. The Effect Of A Needle Stick On Resting Heart Rate Variability. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486110.80986.2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bechke E, Mimms H, Hoffstetter W, Serifani P, Smith M, Feito Y, Kliszczewicz B. Resting Vagal Tone Following a 16-Week High-Intensity Functional Training Intervention. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486783.28528.7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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