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Wu F, Lin Y, Xiao L, Chen Q, Lin F, Li R. Administration with curcumin alleviates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating anti-oxidative stress and microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation via Nrf2/NF-κB axis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:172-182. [PMID: 38228998 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) ranks as the common complication after aortic surgery, usually leading to devastating post-operative paraplegia. Microglia over-activation and neuronal cell loss are key pathological features of SCII. Curcumin is involved in several I/R injuries. However, its underlying mechanism in SCII remains elusive. Here, curcumin attenuated oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced oxidative injury in PC12 neuronal cells by increasing cell viability, inhibiting cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde levels, but elevating anti-oxidative superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels. Furthermore, curcumin restrained OGD/R-evoked microglia M1 activation by decreasing microglia M1 polarization marker IBA-1 and iNOS transcripts. Moreover, the increased inflammatory cytokine levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in microglia under OGD/R conditions were suppressed after curcumin treatment. Importantly, neuronal cells incubated with a conditioned medium from OGD/R-treated microglia exhibited lower cell viability and higher apoptotic ratio, which were overturned when microglia were treated with curcumin. Intriguingly, curcumin could inhibit the activation of the NF-κB pathway by Nrf2 enhancement in OGD/R-treated PC12 cells and microglia. Notably, targeting Nrf2 signaling reversed the protective efficacy of curcumin against OGD/R-evoked oxidative insult in neuronal, microglia M1 activation, inflammatory response, and microglial activation-evoked neuronal death. In vivo, curcumin improved histopathologic injury and neurologic motor function in SCII rats and attenuated oxidative stress, microglia activation and neuroinflammation in spinal cord tissues, and activation of the Nrf2/NF-κB pathway. Thus, curcumin may alleviate SCII by mitigating I/R-evoked oxidative injury in neuron and microglia activation-induced neuroinflammation and neuron death through Nrf2/NF-κB signaling, supporting a promising therapeutic agent for SCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfei Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Third Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, 350007, People's Republic of China.
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Hu X, Xu W, Ren Y, Wang Z, He X, Huang R, Ma B, Zhao J, Zhu R, Cheng L. Spinal cord injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:245. [PMID: 37357239 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a severe condition with an extremely high disability rate. The challenges of SCI repair include its complex pathological mechanisms and the difficulties of neural regeneration in the central nervous system. In the past few decades, researchers have attempted to completely elucidate the pathological mechanism of SCI and identify effective strategies to promote axon regeneration and neural circuit remodeling, but the results have not been ideal. Recently, new pathological mechanisms of SCI, especially the interactions between immune and neural cell responses, have been revealed by single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptome analysis. With the development of bioactive materials and stem cells, more attention has been focused on forming intermediate neural networks to promote neural regeneration and neural circuit reconstruction than on promoting axonal regeneration in the corticospinal tract. Furthermore, technologies to control physical parameters such as electricity, magnetism and ultrasound have been constantly innovated and applied in neural cell fate regulation. Among these advanced novel strategies and technologies, stem cell therapy, biomaterial transplantation, and electromagnetic stimulation have entered into the stage of clinical trials, and some of them have already been applied in clinical treatment. In this review, we outline the overall epidemiology and pathophysiology of SCI, expound on the latest research progress related to neural regeneration and circuit reconstruction in detail, and propose future directions for SCI repair and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilong Ren
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojie Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolie He
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Runzhi Huang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Ma
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200065, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Center For Brain And Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200065, Shanghai, China.
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Protective Effect of Mild Hypothermia on Spinal Cord Ischemia-Induced Delayed Paralysis and Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1212-1225. [PMID: 34993705 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To explore the mechanism regarding the regulation of spinal cord ischemia (SCI) in rats by mild hypothermia. A SCI rat model was established through aorta occlusion, and in some cases, the rats were intervened with mild hypothermia, after which motor function, microglia activation, and M1/M2 polarization in rats were measured. Also, the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and neuronal apoptosis were examined. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 microglia and IL-4-induced M2 microglia were intrathecally injected into rats to evaluate the effect of microglial polarization on SCI. In in vitro experiments, primary microglial cells were treated under hypothermic condition, in which M1/M2 polarization and microglia apoptosis, the levels of iNOS, CD86, CD206, Arg-1 and inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Western blot analysis detected the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway to investigate the role of this pathway in M1/M2 polarization. SCI treatment impaired motor function, induced higher M1 microglia proportion, and increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats, and mild hypothermic treatment attenuated these trends. Moreover, injection of M1 microglia increased M1 microglia proportion and increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while injection of M2 microglia induced the reverse results, i.e. decreased M1 microglia proportion and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In LPS-induced microglial cells, mild hypothermia treatment increased M2 microglia proportion and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, relative to normothermia. Mild hypothermia inactivated the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in LPS-treated microglia. TLR4 overexpression reversed the function of mild hypothermia in LPS-stimulated microglia, and under normal condition, TLR4/NF-κB pathway suppressed microglial M2 polarization. Mild hypothermia inhibits TLR4/NF-κB pathway and promotes microglial M2 polarization, thus attenuating SCI-induced injury and inflammation.
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Li J, Cheng X, Fu D, Liang Y, Chen C, Deng W, He L. Autophagy of Spinal Microglia Affects the Activation of Microglia through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Neuroscience 2021; 482:77-86. [PMID: 34902496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Delayed paralysis occurs within some patients suffered from ischemic spinal cord injury (ISCI) due to the aorta occlusion during the repair surgery of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Although mild hypothermia has been reported to improve ISCI and prolong the tolerance of rats to ISCI without inducing immediate paralysis, the mechanism remains unclear. Herein, the study revealed that the mild hypothermia treatment indeed partially improved the ISCI in rats caused by cross-clamping at the descending aorta. ISCI induced the excessive activation of microglia and moderate autophagy in the spinal cord tissues of rats, while mild hypothermia significantly induced autophagy and reversed the excessive activation of microglia in the spinal cord tissues of rats. In OGD-stimulated mouse microglia BV-2 cells, the excessive activation of microglia and moderate autophagy were also observed; in the rapamycin-treated OGD model in BV-2 cells, autophagy was significantly enhanced whereas the excessive activation of microglia was reversed. In both in vivo ISCI model in rats and in vitro OGD model in BV-2 cells, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway showed to be inhibited, whereas the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was further inhibited by mild hypothermia in ISCI rats or rapamycin treatment in OGD-stimulated BV-2 cells. In conclusion, enhanced autophagy might be the mechanism of inhibited microglia activation by hypothermia treatment in ISCI rats and by rapamycin treatment in OGD-stimulated BV-2 cells. Autophagy could be enhanced through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate College, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Cai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate College, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China.
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Jin H, Ge X, Huan Z, Yao H, Xu C, Cai J. Stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 restrains spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion injury by modulating NF-κB signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:11075-11084. [PMID: 34734476 PMCID: PMC8650032 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), a major cause of disability, causes high global disease and economic burdens. Stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) has been identified to be involved in spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion injury (SCII); however, the effect of STIP1 on SCII remains unclear until now. This study aimed to examine the role of STIP1 in SCII and unravel the possible mechanisms. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining showed that STIP1 expression rapidly increased and then decreased in rat spinal cord following SCII treatment. Neurological function scoring, HE staining, immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting revealed that STIP1 overexpression alleviated SCII-induced motor dysfunction of hind limbs, neuronal loss and inflammation in spinal cord, and inhibited activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling in rats. Immunoprecipitation identified that STIP1 was co-located with Iba-1. In addition, STIP1 was found to ameliorate oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced inflammation and activation of NF-κB signalling in mouse microglia BV2 cells, and STIP1 resulted in decrease of heat shock protein family A member 8 (HSPA8), increase of IκBβ expression and reduced binding of IκBβ to HSPA8 in BV2 cells. The results of the present study demonstrate that STIP1 alleviates ischaemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury and inflammation in rat spinal cord and mouse microglial cells by deactivating NF-κB signalling. These findings may provide novel insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdou Jin
- Department of General SurgeryWuxi 9th Hospital Affiliated to Soochow UniversityWuxi CityJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of ICUWuxi 9th Hospital Affiliated to Soochow UniversityWuxi CityJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Zhirong Huan
- Department of ICUWuxi 9th Hospital Affiliated to Soochow UniversityWuxi CityJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of ICUWuxi 9th Hospital Affiliated to Soochow UniversityWuxi CityJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Ce Xu
- Department of ICUWuxi 9th Hospital Affiliated to Soochow UniversityWuxi CityJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Jimin Cai
- Department of ICUWuxi 9th Hospital Affiliated to Soochow UniversityWuxi CityJiangsu ProvinceChina
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Awad H, Efanov A, Rajan J, Denney A, Gigax B, Kobalka P, Kelani H, Basso DM, Bozinovski J, Tili E. Histological Findings After Aortic Cross-Clamping in Preclinical Animal Models. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:895-911. [PMID: 34534333 PMCID: PMC8783616 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemic injury and paralysis are devastating complications after open surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Preclinical models have been developed to simulate the clinical paradigm to better understand the neuropathophysiology and develop therapeutic treatment. Neuropathological findings in the preclinical models have not been comprehensively examined before. This systematic review studies the past 40 years of the histological findings after open surgical repair in preclinical models. Our main finding is that damage is predominantly in the grey matter of the spinal cord, although white matter damage in the spinal cord is also reported. Future research needs to examine the neuropathological findings in preclinical models after endovascular repair, a newer type of surgical repair used to treat aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Awad
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander Efanov
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jayanth Rajan
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Denney
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bradley Gigax
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter Kobalka
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hesham Kelani
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - D Michele Basso
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - John Bozinovski
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Zheng W, Liu B, Shi E. Perillaldehyde Alleviates Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Via Activating the Nrf2 Pathway. J Surg Res 2021; 268:308-317. [PMID: 34399353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal Cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) is one of the most destructive complications in thoracic-abdominal aortic surgery, which can cause physical abnormalities, paralysis and even brain death. Evidence has shown that perillaldehyde (PAH) can ameliorate rat's cerebra ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the effect of PAH on SCII remains unknown. METHODS The current study established SCII rat models and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced BV2 microglia models to explore whether PAH could alleviate SCII symptoms and to investigate underlying mechanism. RESULTS SCII rats underwent severe neurologic motor dysfunction and histopathologic injury compared with the normal rats, which are exhibited by loss of motor neurons and decrease of nissl bodies. Treatment with PAH significantly ameliorated motor dysfunction and neuron damage. PAH downregulated the expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, cleaved/pro caspase-1, interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 in spinal cord tissues of SCII rats. Besides, the contents of oxidative stress-related factors superoxide dismutase, manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly increased and malondialdehyde content was decreased after PAH treatment. PAH treatment upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 in spinal cord tissues of SCII rats. Our in vitro study confirmed that PAH inhibited microglial activation by activating the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway, exhibited by alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates that PAH has the potential value for treating SCII, which provides an experimental basis for clinical trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China; Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Enyi Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Jing W, Zhang T, Jiang W, Zhang T. Neuroprotective effect of neuregulin-1β on spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2021; 44:583-589. [PMID: 30977715 PMCID: PMC8288142 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1600837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to see if neuregulin-1β (NRG-1β) plays a protective role in spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion injury (SCII).Design: Animal research.Setting: China.Participants: NA.Interventions: Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 16), SCII model group (n = 16) and NRG-1β-treated group (n = 16). In control group, the abdominal aorta was isolated but not clipped. The rats in NRG-1β-treated group were treated with 10μg/kg NRG-1β during developing SCII model.Outcome Measures: Neurological scores were evaluated. At 3, 6, 12 and 24 h after the reperfusion, rats were killed. Pathological changes of spinal cord were assessed with HE staining, and immunohistochemical staining of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA levels were assessed using real-time PCR.Results: NRG-1β reduced the damage of SCII in the rats. The expression of MMP-9 protein and mRNA in NRG-1β treatment group was significantly lower than the model group (P < 0.05) at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after the perfusion. The expression of TIMP-1 protein and mRNA in the treatment group was significantly higher than the model group at 12 h and 24 h after the perfusion.Conclusion: NRG-1β reduced the reperfusion damage in rat model of SCII, in which process MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were probably involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongxing Zhang
- Graduate school, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxue Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence to: Wenxue Jiang, Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Center Hospital, No.24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin300192, People’s Republic of China.
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Yang D, Lin T, Li C, Harrison AG, Geng T, Wang P. A critical role for MSR1 in vesicular stomatitis virus infection of the central nervous system. iScience 2021; 24:102678. [PMID: 34169243 PMCID: PMC8208900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) plays an important role in host defense to bacterial infections, M2 macrophage polarization, and lipid homeostasis. However, its physiological function in viral pathogenesis remains poorly defined. Herein, we report that MSR1 facilitates vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection in the central nervous system. Msr1-deficient (Msr1−/−) mice presented reduced morbidity, mortality, and viral loads in the spinal cord following lethal VSV infection, along with normal viremia and innate immune responses, compared to Msr1+/− littermates and wild-type mice. Msr1 expression was most significantly upregulated in the spinal cord, the predominant target of VSV. Mechanistically, through its extracellular domains, MSR1 interacted with VSV surface glycoprotein and facilitated its cellular entry in a low-density lipoprotein receptor-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that MSR1 serves as a cofactor for VSV cellular entry and facilitates its infection preferentially in the spinal cord. MSR1 contributes to VSV pathogenesis in mice MSR1 is highly upregulated and facilitates VSV infection in the central nervous system MSR1 facilitates cellular entry of VSV in an LDLR family-dependent manner MSR1 interacts with VSV glycoprotein G via its extracellular domains
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Cen Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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10
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Ta Na HS, An M, Zhang T, Deni W, Hou L, Jin K. Dexmedetomidine inhibits microglial activation through SNHG14/HMGB1 pathway in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury mice. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:77-88. [PMID: 33045891 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1835901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microglial activation is an essential pathological mechanism of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI). Previous studies showed dexmedetomidine (DEX) could alleviate SCIRI while the mechanism was not clear. This study aims to investigate the role of DEX in microglial activation and clarify the underlying mechanism. METHODS The motion function of mice was quantified using the Basso Mouse Scale for Locomotion. The expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) was determined by qRT-PCR. The expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was measured by western blot. The activation of microglia was evaluated by the expression of ED-1 and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6. The interplay between SNHG14 and HMGB1 was confirmed with RNA pull-down and RIP assay. The stability of HMGB1 was measured by ubiquitination assay and cycloheximide-chase assay. RESULTS DEX inhibited microglial activation and down-regulated SNHG14 expression in SCIRI mice and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated primary microglia. Functionally, SNHG14 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of DEX on OGD/R-induced microglial activation. Further investigation confirmed that SNHG14 bound to HMGB1, positively regulated HMGB1 expression by enhancing its stability. In addition, the silence of HMGB1 eliminated the pro-activation impact of SNHG14 overexpression on DEX-treated microglia under the OGD/R condition. Finally, in vivo experiments showed SNHG14 overexpression abrogated the therapeutic effect of DEX on SCIRI mice by up-regulating HMGB1. CONCLUSION DEX accelerated HMGB1 degradation via down-regulating SNHG14, thus inhibiting microglial activation in SCIRI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Sen Ta Na
- Department of Anesthesiology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Min An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Tianwen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Wuyuner Deni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Lichao Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian, PR China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian, PR China.,Department of Thyroid Neoplasms Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
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11
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Desruelle AV, Louge P, Richard S, Blatteau JE, Gaillard S, De Maistre S, David H, Risso JJ, Vallée N. Demonstration by Infra-Red Imaging of a Temperature Control Defect in a Decompression Sickness Model Testing Minocycline. Front Physiol 2019; 10:933. [PMID: 31396102 PMCID: PMC6668502 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention, prognosis and resolution of decompression sickness (DCS) are not satisfactory. The etiology of DCS has highlighted thrombotic and inflammatory phenomena that could cause severe neurological disorders or even death. Given the immunomodulatory effects described for minocycline, an antibiotic in widespread use, we have decided to explore its effects in an experimental model for decompression sickness. 40 control mice (Ctrl) and 40 mice treated orally with 90 mg/kg of minocycline (MINO) were subjected to a protocol in a hyperbaric chamber, compressed with air. The purpose was to mimic a scuba dive to a depth of 90 msw and its pathogenic decompression phase. Clinical examinations and blood counts were conducted after the return to the surface. For the first time they were completed by a simple infrared (IR) imaging technique in order to assess feasibility and its clinical advantage in differentiating the sick mice (DCS) from the healthy mice (NoDCS). In this tudy, exposure to the hyperbaric protocol provoked a reduction in the number of circulating leukocytes. DCS in mice, manifesting itself by paralysis or convulsion for example, is also associated with a fall in platelets count. Cold areas ( < 25°C) were detected by IR in the hind paws and tail with significant differences (p < 0.05) between DCS and NoDCS. Severe hypothermia was also shown in the DCS mice. The ROC analysis of the thermograms has made it possible to determine that an average tail temperature below 27.5°C allows us to consider the animals to be suffering from DCS (OR = 8; AUC = 0.754, p = 0.0018). Minocycline modulates blood analysis and it seems to limit the mobilization of monocytes and granulocytes after the provocative dive. While a higher proportion of mice treated with minocycline experienced DCS symptoms, there is no significant difference. The infrared imaging has made it possible to show severe hypothermia. It suggests an modification of thermregulation in DCS animals. Surveillance by infrared camera is fast and it can aid the prognosis in the case of decompression sickness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Virginie Desruelle
- Unité Environnements Extrêmes, Département Environnement Opérationnel, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France
| | - Pierre Louge
- Service de Médecine Hyperbare et Expertise Plongée, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées, Toulon, France
| | | | - Jean-Eric Blatteau
- Unité Environnements Extrêmes, Département Environnement Opérationnel, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France.,Service de Médecine Hyperbare et Expertise Plongée, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées, Toulon, France
| | | | - Sébastien De Maistre
- Service de Médecine Hyperbare et Expertise Plongée, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées, Toulon, France
| | - Hélène David
- Apricot Inhalotherapeutics, Saint-Laurent-de-l'Île-d'Orléans, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Jacques Risso
- Unité Environnements Extrêmes, Département Environnement Opérationnel, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France
| | - Nicolas Vallée
- Unité Environnements Extrêmes, Département Environnement Opérationnel, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon, France
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Ha Sen Ta Na, Nuo M, Meng QT, Xia ZY. The Pathway of Let-7a-1/2-3p and HMGB1 Mediated Dexmedetomidine Inhibiting Microglia Activation in Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:106-114. [PMID: 31190218 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cell activation after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) commonly causes the secondary nerve motion function injury. This study aims to study the mechanism by which the drug dexmedetomidine (DEX) inhibits microglial cell activation and improves motion function of SCIRI mice. Mice SCIRI model was established, and microglia from spinal cord were isolated and cultured for subsequent molecule analysis of let-7a-1-3p, let-7a-2-3p, HMGB1, TNF-α, and IL-6. DEX was given by intraperitoneal injection. Mice motion function was evaluated by Basso mouse score. In vitro microglial cells were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to imitate ischemia-reperfusion injury stimulation. DEX injection improves the mouse motion function in SCIRI model and upregulates let-7a-1/2-3p expression in the isolated activated microglia from SCIRI mice. In OGD/R-stimulated microglia, DEX treatment also caused the inactivation of cells, the upregulation of let-7a-1/2-3p expression, and the downregulation of HMGB1 expression. While the co-silencing of let-7a-1/2-3p in microglia in addition to DEX treatment restored the activation of microglia. HMGB1 is a targeted gene for let-7a-1/2-3p and negatively regulated by them. HMGB1 knockdown abrogates the pro-activation impact on microglial cell by let-7a-1/2-3p silencing. DEX inhibits the activation of microglial cell in the spinal cord of SCIRI mice, mediated by the let-7a-1/2-3p/HMGB1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Sen Ta Na
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Nuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Li H, Dong X, Cheng W, Jin M, Zheng D. Neuroprotective mechanism involved in spinal cord stimulation postconditioning. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 159:813-824.e1. [PMID: 31030961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Delayed paraplegia developed postoperatively after thoracoabdominal aneurysm surgery is primarily associated with spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our previous study suggested that spinal cord stimulation postconditioning protected the spinal cord from ischemia/reperfusion injury through microglia inhibition. In this study, we further investigated whether α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were involved in the neuroprotective mechanism of spinal cord stimulation. METHODS Rabbits were randomly assigned to sham, control, 2 Hz, α-bungarotoxin, and 2 Hz-α-bungarotoxin groups (n = 24/group). Transient spinal cord ischemia was performed on all rabbits except rabbits in the sham group. Rabbits in the control group received no further intervention, rabbits in the 2 Hz group were given 2 Hz spinal cord stimulation, rabbits in the α-bungarotoxin group received prescribed intrathecal α-bungarotoxin (α-bungarotoxin, a specific α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist) injections, and rabbits in the 2 Hz-α-bungarotoxin group received both α-bungarotoxin injections and 2 Hz spinal cord stimulation. Hind-limb neurologic function was assessed, and spinal cord histologic examination, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining, and microglia staining were performed at 8 hours, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days of reperfusion. RESULTS Rabbits in the 2 Hz group had significantly better neurologic functions, more α-motor neurons, and lower terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive neuron rates and microglia area/anterior horn area ratios (microglia area ratios) than the control group. The neurologic functions of the α-bungarotoxin group were significantly worse than those of the control group, whereas other results were not significantly different from the control group. The results of the 2 Hz-α-bungarotoxin group were insignificant to the control group except for the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling-positive neuron rates, which were significantly lower than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The neuroprotective effects of spinal cord stimulation postconditioning against spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury were partially mediated by activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiping Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Mu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Deqiang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Spinal cord stimulation postconditioning reduces microglial activation through down-regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation during spinal cord ischemic reperfusion in rabbits. Neuroreport 2019; 29:1180-1187. [PMID: 29994810 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microglial activation plays a critical role in spinal cord ischemic reperfusion injury. Spinal cord stimulation preconditioning and postconditioning has shown spinal cord protection in ischemic reperfusion injury in animal studies. However, whether spinal cord stimulation could reduce microglial activation is still unclear. In this study, rabbits experienced 28-min infrarenal aorta occlusion and reperfusion for 8 h, 1, 3, and 7 days correspondingly. Immediately after reperfusion, rabbits received spinal cord stimulation of 2 or 50 Hz for 30 min and daily for a week. The results showed that spinal cord stimulation of 2 Hz reduced microglial activation. Microglial activation was accompanied with up-regulated p-ERK1/2, and microglial inhibition by 2 Hz spinal cord stimulation was associated with down-regulated p-ERK1/2. Spinal cord stimulation increased the expression of IL-1β. Our results revealed, for the first time, that spinal cord stimulation postconditioning suppresses microglial activation during spinal cord ischemic reperfusion by down-regulation of p-ERK1/2, which may be the protective mechanism of spinal cord stimulation.
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Frogel JK, Zahavi G. Can Minocycline Become the Magic Pill of Spinal Cord Protection? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 33:1012-1013. [PMID: 30401596 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Frogel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Guy Zahavi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Drenger B, Blanck TJJ, Piskoun B, Jaffrey E, Recio-Pinto E, Sideris A. Minocycline Before Aortic Occlusion Reduces Hindlimb Motor Impairment, Attenuates Spinal Cord Damage and Spinal Astrocytosis, and Preserve Neuronal Cytoarchitecture in the Rat. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 33:1003-1011. [PMID: 30195965 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spinal cord ischemia secondary to trauma or a vascular occlusive event is a threatening phenomenon. The neuroprotective properties of minocycline have been shown in several models of central nervous system diseases and after spinal cord ischemia; however, the benefit of using the drug requires additional confirmation in different animal models. Astrocytes are essential as regulators of neuronal functions and for providing nutrients. The authors hypothesized that astrocytes in the spinal cord may be an important target for minocycline action after ischemia and thus in the prevention of secondary spreading damage. DESIGN A prospective, randomized animal study. SETTING University research laboratory, single institution. PARTICIPANTS Adult male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing between 400 and 450 g. INTERVENTIONS A model of spinal cord ischemia in the rat was used for this study to determine whether a single, high-dose (10 mg/kg) of minocycline protects against damage to the neuronal cytoskeleton, both in the white and gray matter, and whether it reduces glial fibrillary acidic protein levels, which is an index for prevention of astrocyte activation during ischemia. Thirty minutes before thoracic aorta occlusion, minocycline was administered for 18 minutes using a 2 F Fogarty catheter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Minocycline given prophylactically significantly mitigated severe hindlimb motor impairment and reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein plus astrocytosis in both the white and gray matter of the spinal cord, caudal to the occlusion. Neuronal histologic cytoarchitecture, which was severely and significantly compromised in control animals, was preserved in the minocycline-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS This study's data imply that minocycline may attenuate reactive astrocytosis in response to injury with better neurologic outcome in a model of spinal cord ischemia in rats. The data suggest that future use of minocycline, clinically, might be advantageous in surgeries with a potential risk for paraplegia due to spinal cord ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Drenger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Thomas J J Blanck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Boris Piskoun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - E Jaffrey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Esperanza Recio-Pinto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Alexandra Sideris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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17
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Li H, Dong X, Jin M, Cheng W. The Protective Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation Postconditioning Against Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rabbits. Neuromodulation 2018; 21:448-456. [DOI: 10.1111/ner.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Xiuhua Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Mu Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University; Beijing China
| | - Weiping Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology; Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Capital Medical University; Beijing China
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Zhou Y, Li N, Zhu L, Lin Y, Cheng H. The microglial activation profile and associated factors after experimental spinal cord injury in rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:2401-2413. [PMID: 30275694 PMCID: PMC6157579 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s169940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) has imposed a great impact on the quality of life of patients due to its relatively young age of onset. The pathophysiology of SCI has been proven to be complicated. Microglia plays an important role in neuroinflammation and second injuries after SCI. Different environment and other factors may determine the microglial activation profile and what role they play. However, neither accurate time-course profiles of microglial activation nor influence factors have been demonstrated in varied SCI models. METHODS A rat compressive SCI model was used. Microglial activation profile and contents of inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected. Myelination status as well as levels of iron and glutamate concentration, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and potassium are also assessed. RESULTS Our results showed that the activated microglia participating in immune-mediated responses peaked at day 7 post SCI and gradually decreased during the following 3 weeks. Contrarily, myelination and oligodendroglia showed an opposite trend, indicating that microglia may be a key factor partly through inflammatory reaction. Iron and glutamate concentration were found to be the highest at day 7 after SCI while both ATP and potassium reached a low valley at the same time. CONCLUSION These findings showed a microglial activation profile and the alterations of associated factors after experiment SCI model. Moreover, our data suggest that high iron and glutamate concentration may be released by damaged oligodendroglia and contribute to the activation of microglial after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixing Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Jinling School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China,
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Xiong W, Ping X, Ripsch MS, Chavez GSC, Hannon HE, Jiang K, Bao C, Jadhav V, Chen L, Chai Z, Ma C, Wu H, Feng J, Blesch A, White FA, Jin X. Enhancing excitatory activity of somatosensory cortex alleviates neuropathic pain through regulating homeostatic plasticity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12743. [PMID: 28986567 PMCID: PMC5630599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central sensitization and network hyperexcitability of the nociceptive system is a basic mechanism of neuropathic pain. We hypothesize that development of cortical hyperexcitability underlying neuropathic pain may involve homeostatic plasticity in response to lesion-induced somatosensory deprivation and activity loss, and can be controlled by enhancing cortical activity. In a mouse model of neuropathic pain, in vivo two-photon imaging and patch clamp recording showed initial loss and subsequent recovery and enhancement of spontaneous firings of somatosensory cortical pyramidal neurons. Unilateral optogenetic stimulation of cortical pyramidal neurons both prevented and reduced pain-like behavior as detected by bilateral mechanical hypersensitivity of hindlimbs, but corpus callosotomy eliminated the analgesic effect that was ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to optogenetic stimulation, suggesting involvement of inter-hemispheric excitatory drive in this effect. Enhancing activity by focally blocking cortical GABAergic inhibition had a similar relieving effect on the pain-like behavior. Patch clamp recordings from layer V pyramidal neurons showed that optogenetic stimulation normalized cortical hyperexcitability through changing neuronal membrane properties and reducing frequency of excitatory postsynaptic events. We conclude that development of neuropathic pain involves abnormal homeostatic activity regulation of somatosensory cortex, and that enhancing cortical excitatory activity may be a novel strategy for preventing and controlling neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute. Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Xingjie Ping
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute. Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Matthew S Ripsch
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Grace Santa Cruz Chavez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology. IUPUI, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Heidi Elise Hannon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute. Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kewen Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Bao
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Vaishnavi Jadhav
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lifang Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Acupuncture, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical University and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cungen Ma
- Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huangan Wu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqiao Feng
- Department of Acupuncture, Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical University and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Armin Blesch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute. Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Research and Development Services, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute. Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Ethyl pyruvate modulates delayed paralysis following thoracic aortic ischemia reperfusion in mice. J Vasc Surg 2017; 64:1433-1443. [PMID: 27776698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.06.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed paralysis is an unpredictable problem for patients undergoing complex repair of the thoracic/thoracoabdominal aorta. These experiments were designed to determine whether ethyl pyruvate (EP), a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, might ameliorate delayed paralysis following thoracic aortic ischemia reperfusion (TAR). METHODS C57BL6 mice were subjected to 5 minutes of thoracic aortic ischemia followed by reperfusion for up to 48 hours. Mice received either 300 mg/kg EP or lactated ringers (LR) at 30 minutes before ischemia and 3 hours after reperfusion. Neurologic function was assessed using an established rodent scale. Spinal cord tissue was analyzed for markers of inflammation (keratinocyte chemoattractant [KC], interleukin-6 [IL-6]), microglial activation (ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 [Iba-1]), and apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling [TUNEL] staining) at 24 and 48 hours after TAR. Nissl body stained motor neurons were counted in the anterior horns sections from L1-L5 segments. RESULTS Ninety-three percent of the LR mice developed dense delayed paralysis between 40 and 48 hours after TAR, whereas only 39% of EP mice developed delayed paralysis (P < .01). Bcl-2 expression was higher (P < .05) and Iba-1 expression was lower (P < .05) in the EP group only at 24 hours reperfusion. At 48 hours, the number of motor neurons was higher (P < .01) and the number and TUNEL-positive cells was lower (P < .001) in the EP-treated mice. EP decreased the expression of KC (P < .01) and IL-6 (P < .001) at 48 hours after TAR. CONCLUSIONS The protection provided by EP against delayed paralysis correlated with preservation of motor neurons, higher expression of antiapoptotic molecules, decreased microglial cell activation, and decreased spinal cord inflammation. EP may be a treatment for humans at risk for delayed paralysis.
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Lindsay H, Srinivas C, Djaiani G. Neuroprotection during aortic surgery. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2016; 30:283-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Bell MT, Puskas F, Bennett DT, Cleveland JC, Herson PS, Mares JM, Meng X, Weyant MJ, Fullerton DA, Brett Reece T. Clinical indicators of paraplegia underplay universal spinal cord neuronal injury from transient aortic occlusion. Brain Res 2015; 1618:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Freeman KA, Puskas F, Bell MT, Mares JM, Foley LS, Weyant MJ, Cleveland JC, Fullerton DA, Meng X, Herson PS, Reece TB. Alpha-2 agonist attenuates ischemic injury in spinal cord neurons. J Surg Res 2015; 195:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Chen BY, Zheng MH, Chen Y, Du YL, Sun XL, Zhang X, Duan L, Gao F, Liang L, Qin HY, Luo ZJ, Han H. Myeloid-Specific Blockade of Notch Signaling by RBP-J Knockout Attenuates Spinal Cord Injury Accompanied by Compromised Inflammation Response in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1378-1390. [PMID: 25344316 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The outcome of spinal cord injury (SCI) is determined by both neural cell-intrinsic survival pathways and tissue microenvironment-derived signals. Macrophages dominating the inflammatory responses in SCI possess both destructive and reparative potentials, according to their activation status. Notch signaling is involved in both cell survival and macrophage-mediated inflammation, but a comprehensive role of Notch signaling in SCI has been elusive. In this study, we compared the effects of general Notch blockade by a pharmaceutical γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) and myeloid-specific Notch signal disruption by recombination signal binding protein Jκ (RBP-J) knockout on SCI. The administration of Notch signal inhibitor GSI resulted in worsened hind limb locomotion and exacerbated inflammation. However, mice lacking RBP-J, the critical transcription factor mediating signals from all four mammalian Notch receptors, in myeloid lineage displayed promoted functional recovery, attenuated glial scar formation, improved neuronal survival and axon regrowth, and mitigated inflammatory response after SCI. These benefits were accompanied by enhanced AKT activation in the lesion area after SCI. These findings demonstrate that abrogating Notch signal in myeloid cells ameliorates inflammation response post-SCI and promotes functional recovery, but general pharmaceutical Notch interception has opposite effects. Therefore, clinical intervention of Notch signaling in SCI needs to pinpoint myeloid lineage to avoid the counteractive effects of global inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le West Street #169, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le West Street #169, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le West Street #169, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le West Street #169, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan-Ling Du
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le West Street #169, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Long Sun
- Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le West Street #169, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Li Duan
- Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fang Gao
- Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le West Street #169, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le West Street #169, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhuo-Jing Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le West Street #169, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang-Le West Street #169, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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25
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Novel approaches to spinal cord protection during thoracoabdominal aortic interventions. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2014; 27:98-105. [DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Neuroprotective effects of adipose-derived stem cells are maintained for 3 weeks against ischemic damage in the rabbit spinal cord. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:539051. [PMID: 24592394 PMCID: PMC3925622 DOI: 10.1155/2014/539051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the previous study, we demonstrated that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage in the ventral horn of L5-6 levels at 3 days after ischemia/reperfusion. In the present study, we expanded our observations for 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion to rule out the possibility of delayed neuronal death in several days after ischemia/reperfusion. Transient spinal cord ischemia was induced by a 15 min aortic artery occlusion in the subrenal region and rabbit ASCs were administered intrathecally into recipient rabbits (2 × 105) immediately after reperfusion. Transplantation of ASCs improved the neurological motor functions of the hindlimb 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion. Similarly, the cresyl violet-positive neurons were significantly increased at 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion compared to that in the vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid)-treated group. The transplantation of ASCs significantly reduced reactive microglia induced by ischemia at 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, transplantation of ASCs maintained the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of ASCs are maintained 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion by modulating microgliosis and BDNF levels in the spinal cord.
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27
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Kakinohana M. What should we do against delayed onset paraplegia following TEVAR? J Anesth 2013; 28:1-3. [PMID: 24370821 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-013-1768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kakinohana
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan,
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28
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Diffuse traumatic axonal injury in the optic nerve does not elicit retinal ganglion cell loss. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 72:768-81. [PMID: 23860030 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31829d8d9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the morbidity after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with traumatic axonal injury (TAI). Although most TAI studies focus on corpus callosum white matter, the visual system has received increased interest. To assess visual system TAI, we developed a mouse model of optic nerve TAI. It is unknown, however, whether this TAI causes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. To address this issue, YFP (yellow fluorescent protein)-16 transgenic mice were subjected to mild TBI and followed from 2 to 28 days. Neither TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling)-positive or cleaved caspase-3-immunoreactive RGCs were observed from 2 to 28 days after TBI. Quantification of immunoreactivity of Brn3a, an RGC marker, demonstrated no RGC loss; parallel electron microscopic analysis confirmed RGC viability. Persistent RGC survival was also consistent with the finding of reorganization in the proximal axonal segments after TAI, wherein microglia/macrophages remained inactive. In contrast, activated microglia/macrophages closely enveloped the distal disconnected, degenerating axonal segments at 7 to 28 days after injury, thereby confirming that this model consistently evoked TAI followed by disconnection. Collectively, these data provide novel insight into the evolving pathobiology associated with TAI that will form a foundation for future studies exploring TAI therapy and its downstream consequences.
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