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Zhu Y, Jiang D, Qiu Y, Liu X, Bian Y, Tian S, Wang X, Hsia KJ, Wan H, Zhuang L, Wang P. Dynamic microphysiological system chip platform for high-throughput, customizable, and multi-dimensional drug screening. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:59-73. [PMID: 38800720 PMCID: PMC11127178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Spheroids and organoids have attracted significant attention as innovative models for disease modeling and drug screening. By employing diverse types of spheroids or organoids, it is feasible to establish microphysiological systems that enhance the precision of disease modeling and offer more dependable and comprehensive drug screening. High-throughput microphysiological systems that support optional, parallel testing of multiple drugs have promising applications in personalized medical treatment and drug research. However, establishing such a system is highly challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. This study introduces a dynamic Microphysiological System Chip Platform (MSCP) with multiple functional microstructures that encompass the mentioned advantages. We developed a high-throughput lung cancer spheroids model and an intestine-liver-heart-lung cancer microphysiological system for conducting parallel testing on four anti-lung cancer drugs, demonstrating the feasibility of the MSCP. This microphysiological system combines microscale and macroscale biomimetics to enable a comprehensive assessment of drug efficacy and side effects. Moreover, the microphysiological system enables evaluation of the real pharmacological effect of drug molecules reaching the target lesion after absorption by normal organs through fluid-based physiological communication. The MSCP could serves as a valuable platform for microphysiological system research, making significant contributions to disease modeling, drug development, and personalized medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Deming Jiang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Cancer Center, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yuhan Bian
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Shichao Tian
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xiandi Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - K. Jimmy Hsia
- Schools of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Cancer Center, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liujing Zhuang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Cancer Center, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
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Zhou X, Duan J, Zhou W, Zhang A, Chen Q. Upregulated α-actinin-1 impairs endometrial epithelial cell adhesion by downregulating NEBL in recurrent implantation failure. iScience 2024; 27:109046. [PMID: 38384848 PMCID: PMC10879697 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor endometrial receptivity results in embryo implantation failure. Acquisition of endometrial receptivity involves substantial structural alterations in the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane of epithelial cells, which facilitate embryo adhesion. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified that α-actinin-1 (ACTN1) was significantly downregulated in the mid-secretory phase of the endometrium compared with other phases; however, ACTN1 significantly increased in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). In Ishikawa and human endometrial epithelial cells (HEECs), ACTN1 overexpression significantly decreased NEBL levels, enhanced F-actin fiber levels, and caused a notable impairment in blastocyst adhesion, which mimicked the process of embryo adhesion. However, NEBL overexpression notably restored adhesion. Moreover, NEBL expression was reduced in patients with RIF compared with that in controls. Finally, our data showed that ACTN1 upregulation impaired endometrial receptivity in women with RIF, possibly by regulating NEBL expression and subsequent cell-adhesion capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingru Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Buneeva OA, Kapitsa IG, Kazieva LS, Vavilov NE, Zgoda VG, Medvedev AE. The delayed effect of rotenone on the relative content of brain isatin-binding proteins of rats with experimental parkinsonism. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2024; 70:25-32. [PMID: 38450678 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Isatin (indoldione-2,3) is an endogenous biological regulator found in the brain, peripheral tissues, and biological fluids of humans and animals. Its biological activity is realized via isatin-binding proteins, many of which were identified during proteomic profiling of the brain of mice and rats. A number of these proteins are related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, using a model of experimental Parkinsonism induced by a seven-day course of rotenone injections, we have observed behavioral disturbances, as well as changes in the profile and relative content of brain isatin-binding proteins. In this study, we have investigated behavioral responses and the relative content of brain isatin-binding proteins in rats with rotenone-induced Parkinsonism 5 days after the last administration of this neurotoxin. Despite the elimination of rotenone, animals exhibited motor and coordination impairments. Proteomic profiling of isatin-binding proteins revealed changes in the relative content of 120 proteins (the relative content of 83 proteins increased and that of 37 proteins decreased). Comparison of isatin-binding proteins characterized by the changes in the relative content observed in the brain right after the last injection of rotenone (n=16) and 5 days later (n=11) revealed only two common proteins (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and subunit B of V-type proton ATPase). However, most of these proteins are associated with neurodegeneration, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Buneeva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - I G Kapitsa
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Sh Kazieva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - N E Vavilov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Zgoda
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Medvedev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Rajan S, Kudryashov DS, Reisler E. Actin Bundles Dynamics and Architecture. Biomolecules 2023; 13:450. [PMID: 36979385 PMCID: PMC10046292 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells use the actin cytoskeleton for many of their functions, including their division, adhesion, mechanosensing, endo- and phagocytosis, migration, and invasion. Actin bundles are the main constituent of actin-rich structures involved in these processes. An ever-increasing number of proteins that crosslink actin into bundles or regulate their morphology is being identified in cells. With recent advances in high-resolution microscopy and imaging techniques, the complex process of bundles formation and the multiple forms of physiological bundles are beginning to be better understood. Here, we review the physiochemical and biological properties of four families of highly conserved and abundant actin-bundling proteins, namely, α-actinin, fimbrin/plastin, fascin, and espin. We describe the similarities and differences between these proteins, their role in the formation of physiological actin bundles, and their properties-both related and unrelated to their bundling abilities. We also review some aspects of the general mechanism of actin bundles formation, which are known from the available information on the activity of the key actin partners involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dmitri S. Kudryashov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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5
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Li Q, Xu X, Qian Y, Cai H, Zhao W, Zhu J, Yu Y. Resting-state brain functional alterations and their genetic mechanisms in drug-naive first-episode psychosis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:13. [PMID: 36841861 PMCID: PMC9968350 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has established the presence of resting-state brain functional damage in psychosis. However, the genetic mechanisms of such disease phenotype are yet to be unveiled. We investigated resting-state brain functional alterations in patients with drug-naive first-episode psychosis (DFP) by performing a neuroimaging meta-analysis of 8 original studies comprising 500 patients and 469 controls. Combined with the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we further conducted transcriptome-neuroimaging spatial correlations to identify genes whose expression levels were linked to brain functional alterations in DFP, followed by a range of gene functional characteristic analyses. Meta-analysis revealed a mixture of increased and decreased brain function in widespread areas including the default-mode, visual, motor, striatal, and cerebellar systems in DFP. Moreover, these brain functional alterations were spatially associated with the expression of 1662 genes, which were enriched for molecular functions, cellular components, and biological processes of the cerebral cortex, as well as psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Specific expression analyses demonstrated that these genes were specifically expressed in the brain tissue, in cortical neurons and immune cells, and during nearly all developmental periods. Concurrently, the genes could construct a protein-protein interaction network supported by hub genes and were linked to multiple behavioral domains including emotion, attention, perception, and motor. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the notion that brain functional damage in DFP involves a complex interaction of polygenes with various functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- grid.459419.4Department of Radiology, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 238000 Hefei, China ,grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, China ,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032 Hefei, China ,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Xiaotao Xu
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, China ,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032 Hefei, China ,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Yinfeng Qian
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, China ,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032 Hefei, China ,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Huanhuan Cai
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, China ,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032 Hefei, China ,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022 Hefei, China ,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032 Hefei, China ,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China. .,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032, Hefei, China. .,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032, Hefei, China.
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 230022, Hefei, China. .,Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province, 230032, Hefei, China. .,Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, 230032, Hefei, China.
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Selection Signatures in Italian Livestock Guardian and Herding Shepherd Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010003. [PMID: 36669004 PMCID: PMC9862740 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock guardian (LGD) and herding shepherd (HSD) dogs have distinct morphological and behavioural characteristics, long selected by farmers and breeders, to accomplish different tasks. This study aimed to find the genomic regions that best differentiate and characterise Italian LGD and HSD. Genomic data of 158 dogs of four LGD and five HSD breeds, obtained with the 170K canine SNPchip, were collected. The two groups were compared using FST and XP-EHH analyses, identifying regions containing 29 genes. Moreover, 16 islands of runs of homozygosity were found in LGD, and 15 in HSD; 4 of them were partially shared. Among the genes found that better differentiated HSD and LGD, several were associated with dog domestication and behavioural aspects; particularly, MSRB3 and LLPH were linked to herding behaviour in previous studies. Others, DYSK, MAP2K5, and RYR, were related to body size and muscle development. Prick ears prevailed in sampled HSD, and drop ears in LGD; this explains the identification of WIF1 and MSRB3 genes. Unexpectedly, a number of genes were also associated with eye development and functionality. These results shed further light on the differences that human selection introduced in dogs aimed at different duties, even in a limited geographic area such as Italy.
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Tseng CC, Zheng RH, Lin TW, Chou CC, Shih YC, Liang SW, Lee HH. α-Actinin-4 recruits Shp2 into focal adhesions to potentiate ROCK2 activation in podocytes. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201557. [PMID: 36096674 PMCID: PMC9468603 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Actinin-4 is crucial in the regulation of Shp2 FA targeting to enhance ROCK2-mediated actomyosin contractility and thereby strengthening cell adhesion and cytoskeletal architecture in podocytes. Cell–matrix adhesions are mainly provided by integrin-mediated focal adhesions (FAs). We previously found that Shp2 is essential for FA maturation by promoting ROCK2 activation at FAs. In this study, we further delineated the role of α-actinin-4 in the FA recruitment and activation of Shp2. We used the conditional immortalized mouse podocytes to examine the role of α-actinin-4 in the regulation of Shp2 and ROCK2 signaling. After the induction of podocyte differentiation, Shp2 and ROCK2 were strongly activated, concomitant with the formation of matured FAs, stress fibers, and interdigitating intracellular junctions in a ROCK-dependent manner. Gene knockout of α-actinin-4 abolished the Shp2 activation and subsequently reduced matured FAs in podocytes. We also demonstrated that gene knockout of ROCK2 impaired the generation of contractility and interdigitating intercellular junctions. Our results reveal the role of α-actinin-4 in the recruitment of Shp2 at FAs to potentiate ROCK2 activation for the maintenance of cellular contractility and cytoskeletal architecture in the cultured podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chun Tseng
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Hsuan Zheng
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chou
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Shih
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Wei Liang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan .,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Contributions of Titin and Collagen to Passive Stress in Muscles from mdm Mice with a Small Deletion in Titin’s Molecular Spring. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168858. [PMID: 36012129 PMCID: PMC9408699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy with myositis (mdm) is a naturally occurring mutation in the mouse Ttn gene that results in higher passive stress in muscle fibers and intact muscles compared to wild-type (WT). The goal of this study was to test whether alternative splicing of titin exons occurs in mdm muscles, which contain a small deletion in the N2A-PEVK regions of titin, and to test whether splicing changes are associated with an increase in titin-based passive tension. Although higher levels of collagen have been reported previously in mdm muscles, here we demonstrate alternative splicing of titin in mdm skeletal muscle fibers. We identified Z-band, PEVK, and C-terminus Mex5 exons as splicing hotspots in mdm titin using RNA sequencing data and further reported upregulation in ECM-associated genes. We also treated skinned mdm soleus fiber bundles with trypsin, trypsin + KCl, and trypsin + KCL + KI to degrade titin. The results showed that passive stress dropped significantly more after trypsin treatment in mdm fibers (11 ± 1.6 mN/mm2) than in WT fibers (4.8 ± 1 mN/mm2; p = 0.0004). The finding that treatment with trypsin reduces titin-based passive tension more in mdm than in WT fibers supports the hypothesis that exon splicing leads to the expression of a stiffer and shorter titin isoform in mdm fibers. After titin extraction by trypsin + KCl + KI, mdm fibers (6.7 ± 1.27 mN/mm2) had significantly higher collagen-based passive stress remaining than WT fibers (2.6 ± 1.3 mN/mm2; p = 0.0014). We conclude that both titin and collagen contribute to higher passive tension of mdm muscles.
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Varga JK, Diffley K, Welker Leng KR, Fierke CA, Schueler-Furman O. Structure-based prediction of HDAC6 substrates validated by enzymatic assay reveals determinants of promiscuity and detects new potential substrates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1788. [PMID: 35110592 PMCID: PMC8810773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases play important biological roles well beyond the deacetylation of histone tails. In particular, HDAC6 is involved in multiple cellular processes such as apoptosis, cytoskeleton reorganization, and protein folding, affecting substrates such as ɑ-tubulin, Hsp90 and cortactin proteins. We have applied a biochemical enzymatic assay to measure the activity of HDAC6 on a set of candidate unlabeled peptides. These served for the calibration of a structure-based substrate prediction protocol, Rosetta FlexPepBind, previously used for the successful substrate prediction of HDAC8 and other enzymes. A proteome-wide screen of reported acetylation sites using our calibrated protocol together with the enzymatic assay provide new peptide substrates and avenues to novel potential functional regulatory roles of this promiscuous, multi-faceted enzyme. In particular, we propose novel regulatory roles of HDAC6 in tumorigenesis and cancer cell survival via the regulation of EGFR/Akt pathway activation. The calibration process and comparison of the results between HDAC6 and HDAC8 highlight structural differences that explain the established promiscuity of HDAC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Varga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, POB 12272, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kelsey Diffley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katherine R Welker Leng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carol A Fierke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, POB 12272, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Fan JQ, Lu KC, Chen GL, Li BB, Song F, Chen YH. Transcriptome analysis of the influence of high plant protein based diet on Trachinotus ovatus liver. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:339-346. [PMID: 34653667 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seeking out fish meal (FM) alternatives is an important requirement for aquaculture all over the world. And most practitioners believe that the plant protein is most potential for FM surrenal. While high plant protein feed caused some common problems in aquatic livestock: the absorption rate and growth rate are decreased, and even caused digestive tract inflammation. In present study, the inflence of high plant protien feed in Trachinotus ovatus was investigated using illumina HiSeqTM2000 based RNA-Seq. By comparing the two groups of cDNA libraries developed from high plant protien based diet or FM based diet fed T. ovatus livers, 836 unigenes were significantly upregulated, and 345 were significantly down regulated. KEGG analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are mainly metabolic-related genes. It was found that more than 28 DGEs beloned to the protein metabolism and absorption, lipid biosynthesis or other metabolic pathways. It indicated that high plant protein based diet had broad effects on metabolism on T. ovatus. There were also more DEGs belong to immune-related signaling pathways, include genes were involved in pathpathogen resistance and genes related to immunity system. These DEGs provided useful clues to explore the mechanisms that high plant protein based diet caused side effects on T. ovatus. These results improved our current understanding of the response of high plant protein based diet in T. ovatus, and outstanding the reasons of the side effect caused by high protein based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Quan Fan
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Larboratory, Zhanjiang, PR China; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Ke-Cheng Lu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Guo-Liang Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Fei Song
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Larboratory, Zhanjiang, PR China; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yi-Hong Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Larboratory, Zhanjiang, PR China; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE) College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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SepA Enhances Shigella Invasion of Epithelial Cells by Degrading Alpha-1 Antitrypsin and Producing a Neutrophil Chemoattractant. mBio 2021; 12:e0283321. [PMID: 34724811 PMCID: PMC8561385 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02833-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shigella spp. are highly adapted pathogens that cause bacillary dysentery in human and nonhuman primates. An unusual feature of Shigella pathogenesis is that this organism invades the colonic epithelia from the basolateral pole. Therefore, it has evolved the ability to disrupt the intestinal epithelial barrier to reach the basolateral surface. We have shown previously that the secreted serine protease A (SepA), which belongs to the family of serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae, is responsible for the initial destabilization of the intestinal epithelial barrier that facilitates Shigella invasion. However, the mechanisms used by SepA to regulate this process remain unknown. To investigate the protein targets cleaved by SepA in the intestinal epithelium, we incubated a sample of homogenized human colon with purified SepA or with a catalytically inactive mutant of this protease. We discovered that SepA targets an array of 18 different proteins, including alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), a major circulating serine proteinase inhibitor in humans. In contrast to other serine proteases, SepA cleaved AAT without forming an inhibiting complex, which resulted in the generation of a neutrophil chemoattractant. We demonstrated that the products of the AAT-SepA reaction induce a mild but significant increase in neutrophil transepithelial migration in vitro. Moreover, the presence of AAT during Shigella infection stimulated neutrophil migration and dramatically enhanced the number of bacteria invading the intestinal epithelium in a SepA-dependent manner. We conclude that by cleaving AAT, SepA releases a chemoattractant that promotes neutrophil migration, which in turn disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier to enable Shigella invasion. IMPORTANCE Shigella is the second leading cause of diarrheal death globally. In this study, we identified the host protein targets of SepA, Shigella's major protein secreted in culture. We demonstrated that by cleaving AAT, a serine protease inhibitor important to protect surrounding tissue at inflammatory sites, SepA releases a neutrophil chemoattractant that enhances Shigella invasion. Moreover, SepA degraded AAT without becoming inhibited by the cleaved product, and SepA catalytic activity was enhanced at higher concentrations of AAT. Activation of SepA by an excess of AAT may be physiologically relevant at the early stages of Shigella infection, when the amount of synthesized SepA is very low compared to the concentration of AAT in the intestinal lumen. This observation may also help to explain the adeptness of Shigella infectivity at low dose, despite the requirement of reaching the basolateral side to invade and colonize the colonic epithelium.
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Ujihara Y, Ono D, Nishitsuji K, Ito M, Sugita S, Nakamura M. B16 Melanoma Cancer Cells with Higher Metastatic Potential are More Deformable at a Whole-Cell Level. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:309-320. [PMID: 34295442 PMCID: PMC8280262 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastasis is a process in which cancer cells spread from the primary focus site to various other organ sites. Many studies have suggested that reduced stiffness would facilitate passing through extracellular matrix when cancer cells instigate a metastatic process. Here we investigated the compressive properties of melanoma cancer cells with different metastatic potentials at the whole-cell level. Differences in their compressive properties were analyzed by examining actin filament structure and actin-related gene expression. METHODS Compressive tests were carried out for two metastatic B16 melanoma variants (B16-F1 and B16-F10) to characterize global compressive properties of cancer cells. RNA-seq analysis and fluorescence microscopic imaging were performed to clarify contribution of actin filaments to the global compressive properties. RESULTS RNA-seq analysis and fluorescence microscopic imaging revealed the undeveloped structure of actin filaments in B16-F10 cells. The Young's modulus of B16-F10 cells was significantly lower than that of B16-F1 cells. Disruption of the actin filaments in B16-F1 cells reduced the Young's modulus to the same level as that of B16-F10 cells, while the Young's modulus in B16-F10 cells remained the same regardless of the disruption. CONCLUSIONS In B16 melanoma cancer cell lines, cells with higher metastatic potential were more deformable at the whole-cell level with undeveloped actin filament structure, even when highly deformed. These results imply that invasive cancer cells may gain the ability to inhibit actin filament development. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s12195-021-00677-w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ujihara
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Daichi Ono
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Koki Nishitsuji
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Megumi Ito
- Creative Engineering Program, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Shukei Sugita
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
- Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
- Center of Biomedical Physics and Information Technology, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555 Japan
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Mack CL, Adams D, Assis DN, Kerkar N, Manns MP, Mayo MJ, Vierling JM, Alsawas M, Murad MH, Czaja AJ. Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis in Adults and Children: 2019 Practice Guidance and Guidelines From the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2020; 72:671-722. [PMID: 31863477 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - David Adams
- Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David N Assis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Nanda Kerkar
- Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marlyn J Mayo
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas SW Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - John M Vierling
- Medicine and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Mohammad H Murad
- Mayo Knowledge and Encounter Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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Sluzalska KD, Slawski J, Sochacka M, Lampart A, Otlewski J, Zakrzewska M. Intracellular partners of fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 - implications for functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:93-111. [PMID: 32475760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 (FGF1 and FGF2) are mainly considered as ligands of surface receptors through which they regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes. They are secreted in non-canonical way and, unlike other growth factors, they are able to translocate from the endosome to the cell interior. These unique features, as well as the role of the intracellular pool of FGF1 and FGF2, are far from being fully understood. An increasing number of reports address this problem, focusing on the intracellular interactions of FGF1 and 2. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the FGF1 and FGF2 binding partners inside the cell and the possible role of these interactions. The partner proteins are grouped according to their function, including proteins involved in secretion, cell signaling, nucleocytoplasmic transport, binding and processing of nucleic acids, ATP binding, and cytoskeleton assembly. An in-depth analysis of the network of these binding partners could indicate novel, non-classical functions of FGF1 and FGF2 and uncover an additional level of a fine control of the well-known FGF-regulated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dominika Sluzalska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Slawski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Sochacka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lampart
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Klingler-Hoffmann M, Mittal P, Hoffmann P. The Emerging Role of Cytoskeletal Proteins as Reliable Biomarkers. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800483. [PMID: 31525818 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins are essential building blocks of cells. More than 100 cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton-associated proteins are known and for some, their function and regulation are understood in great detail. Apart from cell shape and support, they facilitate many processes such as intracellular signaling and transport, and cancer related processes such as proliferation, migration, and invasion. During the last decade, comparative proteomic studies have identified cytoskeletal proteins as in vitro markers for tumor progression and metastasis. Here, these results are summarized and a number of unrelated studies are highlighted, identifying the same cytoskeletal proteins as potential biomarkers. These findings might indicate that the abundance of these potential markers of tumor progression is associated with the biological outcome and are independent of the cancer origin. This correlates well with recently published results from the Cancer Genome Atlas, indicating that cancers show remarkable similarities in their analyzed molecular information, independent of their organ of origin. It is postulated that the quantification of cytoskeletal proteins in healthy tissues, tumors, in adjacent tissues, and in stroma, is a great source of molecular information, which might not only be used to classify tumors, but more importantly to predict patients' outcome or even best treatment choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Klingler-Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, 5095, Australia
| | - Parul Mittal
- Adelaide Proteomics Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Peter Hoffmann
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, 5095, Australia
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A noncanonical role for the engulfment gene ELMO1 in neutrophils that promotes inflammatory arthritis. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:141-151. [PMID: 30643265 PMCID: PMC6402828 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by progressive joint inflammation and affects ~1% of the human population. We noted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apoptotic cell engulfment genes ELMO1, DOCK2, and RAC1 linked to rheumatoid arthritis. As ELMO1 promotes cytoskeletal reorganization during engulfment, we hypothesized that ELMO1 loss would worsen inflammatory arthritis. Surprisingly, Elmo1-deficient mice showed reduced joint inflammation in acute and chronic arthritis models. Genetic and cell biological studies revealed that ELMO1 associates with receptors linked to neutrophil function in arthritis and regulates activation and early neutrophil recruitment to the joints, without general inhibition of inflammatory responses. Further, neutrophils from peripheral blood of human donors that carry the SNP in ELMO1 associated with arthritis display increased migratory capacity, whereas ELMO1 knockdown reduces human neutrophil migration to chemokines linked to arthritis. These data identify ‘non-canonical’ roles for ELMO1 as an important cytoplasmic regulator of specific neutrophil receptors and promoter of arthritis.
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Dalekos GN, Koskinas J, Papatheodoridis GV. Hellenic Association for the Study of the Liver Clinical Practice Guidelines: Autoimmune hepatitis. Ann Gastroenterol 2019; 32:1-23. [PMID: 30598587 PMCID: PMC6302199 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a relatively rare acute or chronic liver disease of unknown etiology characterized by large heterogeneity. Its distribution is global, covering all ages, both sexes and all ethnic groups. The aim of the present Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) of the Hellenic Association for the Study of the Liver was to provide updated guidance and help to gastroenterologists, hepatologists, internists and general practitioners for AIH diagnosis and management. AIH diagnosis is based on clinicopathological characteristics: namely, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, particularly of immunoglobulin G (IgG), circulating autoantibodies, interface hepatitis on liver histology, absence of viral hepatitis, and a favorable response to immunosuppression. Clinical manifestations at disease onset are variable, ranging from asymptomatic to the acute/severe form. Aminotransferase and bilirubin levels vary, while the presence of hepatitis at the histological level is a prerequisite for diagnosis. Autoantibodies are the hallmark for AIH diagnosis; therefore, the CPG describe the appropriate serological algorithm for their detection. AIH therapy should aim to achieve complete biochemical (normalization of IgG and aminotransferases) and histological remission. All patients who have active disease, even those with cirrhosis, should be treated with individualized and response-guided induction therapy using prednisolone in combination with azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil as first-line therapy. Immunosuppression should be given for at least 3 years and for at least 2 years after the achievement of complete biochemical response, while a liver biopsy should be recommended before treatment discontinuation. Current CPG are also provided for several specific conditions and difficult-to-treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N. Dalekos
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa (George N. Dalekos)
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa (George N. Dalekos)
| | - John Koskinas
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Hippokratio” General Hospital of Athens, Athens (John Koskinas)
| | - George V. Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Laiko” General Hospital of Athens, Athens (George V. Papatheodoridis), Greece
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18
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Sequence analysis and expression profiling of the equine ACTN3 gene during exercise in Arabian horses. Gene 2018; 685:149-155. [PMID: 30389559 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ACTN3 gene codes for α-actinin-3, a protein localized in the Z-line in the skeletal muscle. Actinin-3 is critical in anchoring the myofibrillar actin filaments and plays a key role in muscle contraction. ACTN3 (α-actinin-3) cross-links glycogen phosphorylase (GP), which is the key enzyme catalysing glycogen metabolism. The aim of present study was to establish the expression level of the ACTN3 gene (for both isoforms separately and together in the gene expression analysis) in the gluteus medius muscle in order to verify if the α-actinin-3 gene can be related to training intensity in Arabian horses. A structural analysis of the ACTN3 gene was performed simultaneously to identify polymorphisms that can be related to racing performance traits. Our results showed the significant decrease (p < 0.05) of ACTN3 expression in the skeletal muscle of Arabian horses during the training periods preparing for flat-racing, and this decrease differed by the intensity of the exercises. The highest mRNA abundance measured for all ACTN3 genes was detected in the muscle of untrained horses, while the lowest expression was identified at the end of the racing season when horses had fully adapted to the physical effort. This gene expression profile was confirmed for both ACTN3 isoforms. The analysis of the ACTN3 sequence allowed us to identify 14 polymorphisms, which were localized in the promoter region, the 5'UTR (7 SNPs), exons (2 SNPs) and introns (5 SNPs). Two of them, a novel c.2334C>T - splice variant and the g.1104G>A polymorphism in the promoter region, were proposed as the causative mutations that might affect gene expression. The presented gene expression analyses indicated the significant role of the ACTN3 gene in adaptation to physiological effort in horses. Due to previous reports and our findings, further studies should be conducted to verify the usage of the ACTN3 gene as a potential genetic marker for determining exercise performance in Arabian horses and other horse breeds.
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19
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Sonnenschein HA, Lawrence KF, Wittenberg KA, Slykas FA, Dohleman EL, Knoublauch JB, Fahey SM, Marshall TM, Marion JD, Bell JK. Suppressor of IKKepsilon forms direct interactions with cytoskeletal proteins, tubulin and α-actinin, linking innate immunity to the cytoskeleton. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1064-1082. [PMID: 29988566 PMCID: PMC6026704 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of IKKepsilon (SIKE) is associated with the type I interferon response of the innate immune system through TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Originally characterized as an endogenous inhibitor of TBK1 when overexpressed in viral infection and pathological cardiac hypertrophic models, a mechanistic study revealed that SIKE acts as a high-affinity substrate of TBK1, but its function remains unknown. In this work, we report that scratch assay analysis of parental and SIKE CRISPR/Cas9 knockout HAP1 cells showed an ~ 20% decrease in cell migration. Investigation of the SIKE interaction network through affinity purification/mass spectrometry showed that SIKE formed interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. In immunofluorescence assays, endogenous SIKE localized to cytosolic puncta in both epithelial and myeloid cells and to nuclear puncta in myeloid cells, while in epithelial cells additional staining occurred in stress fiber-like structures and adjacent to the plasma membrane. Using cellular markers, co-occurrence of SIKE fluorescence with actin, α-actinin, and ezrin was detected. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation revealed a SIKE:tubulin interaction sensitive to the phosphorylation state of SIKE, but a SIKE:α-actinin interaction was unchanged by SIKE phosphorylation. In vitro precipitation assays confirmed a direct SIKE interaction with tubulin and α-actinin. These results indicate that SIKE may promote cell migration by directly associating with the cytoskeleton. In this role, SIKE may mediate cytoskeletal rearrangement necessary in innate immunity, but also link a key catalytic hub, TBK1, to the cytoskeleton. DATABASE The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE [1] partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD007262.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth F. Lawrence
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | | | - Frank A. Slykas
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of San DiegoCAUSA
| | | | | | - Sean M. Fahey
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of San DiegoCAUSA
| | | | - James D. Marion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Jessica K. Bell
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of San DiegoCAUSA
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Zhang YY, Tabataba H, Liu XY, Wang JY, Yan XG, Farrelly M, Jiang CC, Guo ST, Liu T, Kao HY, Thorne RF, Zhang XD, Jin L. ACTN4 regulates the stability of RIPK1 in melanoma. Oncogene 2018; 37:4033-4045. [PMID: 29706658 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The actin crosslinking protein α-actinin-4 (ACTN4) is emerging as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of cancer. This has largely been attributed to its role in regulating cytoskeleton organization and its involvement in transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Here we report a novel function of ACTN4 as a scaffold necessary for stabilization of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) that we have recently found to be an oncogenic driver in melanoma. ACTN4 bound to RIPK1 and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1) with its actin-binding domain at the N-terminus and the CaM-like domain at the C-terminus, respectively. This facilitated the physical association between RIPK1 and cIAP1 and was critical for stabilization of RIPK1 that in turn activated NF-κB. Functional investigations showed that silencing of ACTN4 suppressed melanoma cell proliferation and retarded melanoma xenograft growth. In contrast, overexpression of ACTN4 promoted melanocyte and melanoma cell proliferation and moreover, prompted melanocyte anchorage-independent growth. Of note, the expression of ACTN4 was transcriptionally activated by NF-κB. Taken together, our findings identify ACTN4 as an oncogenic regulator through driving a feedforward signaling axis of ACTN4-RIPK1-NF-κB, with potential implications for targeting ACTN4 in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Zhang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Hessam Tabataba
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xiao Ying Liu
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, China
| | - Jia Yu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xu Guang Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Margaret Farrelly
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Chen Chen Jiang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Su Tang Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2750, Australia
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rick F Thorne
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. .,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - Lei Jin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. .,Cancer Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, 2305, Australia.
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Alterations in the host transcriptome in vitro following Rift Valley fever virus infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14385. [PMID: 29085037 PMCID: PMC5662566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes major outbreaks among livestock, characterized by "abortion storms" in which spontaneous abortion occurs in almost 100% of pregnant ruminants. Humans can also become infected with mild symptoms that can progress to more severe symptoms, such as hepatitis, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever. The goal of this study was to use RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze the host transcriptome in response to RVFV infection. G2/M DNA damage checkpoint, ATM signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, regulation of the antiviral response, and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling were among the top altered canonical pathways with both the attenuated MP12 strain and the fully virulent ZH548 strain. Although several mRNA transcripts were highly upregulated, an increase at the protein level was not observed for the selected genes, which was at least partially due to the NSs dependent block in mRNA export. Inhibition of ILK signaling, which is involved in cell motility and cytoskeletal reorganization, resulted in reduced RVFV replication, indicating that this pathway is important for viral replication. Overall, this is the first global transcriptomic analysis of the human host response following RVFV infection, which could give insight into novel host responses that have not yet been explored.
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Label-free Analysis of CD8+ T Cell Subset Proteomes Supports a Progressive Differentiation Model of Human-Virus-Specific T Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 19:1068-1079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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The occurrence of autoantibodies in patients with chronic HCV infection, including patients dialyzed and after kidney transplantation. Clin Exp Hepatol 2016; 2:161-166. [PMID: 28856282 PMCID: PMC5497425 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2016.63874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are reports suggesting that hepatitis C virus (HCV) may stimulate the autoimmune process. Studies have been undertaken to evaluate the occurrence and type of autoantibodies in HCV-infected patients with and without immunosuppression. Results were analyzed according to HCV genotype, intensity of inflammation and liver fibrosis stage. Material and methods The study included 105 patients chronically infected with HCV, including 25 with immunological suppression administered for kidney disease or kidney transplantation. Blood samples were tested by immunoblotting for the presence of AMA-M2, SLA/LP, LKM-1, LC1, anti-F-actin, anti-desmin, anti-myosin, anti-gp210 and anti-sp100 autoantibodies, and ANA. All the patients were scored for autoimmune hepatitis. Results Autoantibodies were detected in 32.5% of patients without immunosuppression and in 16% with immunosuppression. Single types of autoantibodies were identified in 26% of patients. The most frequent ones were ANA (19%) and AMA-M2 (5.7%). The presence of antibodies in patients with genotype 1 was significantly higher in comparison to their occurrence in genotype 3. Autoimmune hepatitis was not diagnosed in any of the patients. Immunoglobulin G level was significantly higher in patients with detectable autoantibodies, compared to patients without antibodies (1.89 vs. 1.28 g/dl, p < 0.001). No correlation between fibrosis stage or intensity of inflammatory state and the frequency of antibodies was found. Conclusions The antibodies are significantly more frequent in patients without immunosuppression and in patients infected with genotype 1 than genotype 3. The presence of these autoantibodies is not associated with the development of autoimmune hepatitis. Higher level of immunoglobulin G in the serum correlates with the presence of autoantibodies.
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Amith SR, Vincent KM, Wilkinson JM, Postovit LM, Fliegel L. Defining the Na +/H + exchanger NHE1 interactome in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2016; 29:69-77. [PMID: 27751915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports a major role for the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 in cancer progression and metastasis. NHE1 is hyperactive at the onset of oncogenic transformation, resulting in intracellular alkalinization and extracellular microenvironmental acidification. These conditions promote invasion and facilitate metastasis. However, the signal pathways governing the regulation of exchanger activity are still unclear. This is especially important in the aggressively metastatic, triple-negative basal breast cancer subtype. We used affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry to identify novel and putative interaction partners of NHE1 in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. NHE1 associated with several types of proteins including cytoskeletal proteins and chaperones. We validated protein interactions by co-immunoprecipitation for: 14-3-3, AKT, α-enolase, CHP1, HSP70 and HSP90. Additionally, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to study NHE1 gene expression in primary patient breast tumours versus adjacent normal tissue. NHE1 expression was elevated in breast tumour samples and, when broken down by breast cancer subtype, NHE1 gene expression was significantly lower in tumours of the basal subtype compared to luminal and HER2+ subtypes. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis showed that NHE1 expression positively correlated with p90RSK expression in basal, but not luminal, primary tumours. Other proteins were negatively correlated with NHE1 expression in basal breast cancer tumours. Taken together, our data provides the first insight into the signalling molecules that form the NHE1 interactome in triple-negative breast cancer cells. These results will focus our search for novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schammim Ray Amith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Krista Marie Vincent
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Jodi Marie Wilkinson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Lynne Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.
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25
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Sun Y, Huang P. Adenosine A2B Receptor: From Cell Biology to Human Diseases. Front Chem 2016; 4:37. [PMID: 27606311 PMCID: PMC4995213 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine is a ubiquitous signaling molecule that modulates a wide array of biological processes. Recently, significant advances have been made in our understanding of A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR). In this review, we first summarize some of the general characteristics of A2BAR, and then we describe the multiple binding partners of the receptor, such as newly identified α-actinin-1 and p105, and discuss how these associated proteins could modulate A2BAR's functions, including certain seemingly paradoxical functions of the receptor. Growing evidence indicates a critical role of A2BAR in cancer, renal disease, and diabetes, in addition to its importance in the regulation of vascular diseases, and lung disease. Here, we also discuss the role of A2BAR in cancer, renal disease, and diabetes and the potential of the receptor as a target for treating these three diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, South University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen, China
| | - Pingbo Huang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong, China; Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong, China
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26
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Actinin-1 binds to the C-terminus of A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) and enhances A2BAR cell-surface expression. Biochem J 2016; 473:2179-86. [PMID: 27208173 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A2BAR (A2B adenosine receptor) has been implicated in several physiological conditions, such as allergic or inflammatory disorders, vasodilation, cell growth and epithelial electrolyte secretion. For mediating the protein-protein interactions of A2BAR, the receptor's C-terminus is recognized to be crucial. In the present study, we unexpectedly found that two point mutations in the A2BAR C-terminus (F297A and R298A) drastically impaired the expression of A2BAR protein by accelerating its degradation. Thus we tested the hypothesis that these two point mutations disrupt A2BAR's interaction with a protein essential for A2BAR stability. Our results show that both mutations disrupted the interaction of A2BAR with actinin-1, an actin-associated protein. Furthermore, actinin-1 binding stabilized the global and cell-surface expression of A2BAR. By contrast, actinin-4, another non-muscle actinin isoform, did not bind to A2BAR. Thus our findings reveal a previously unidentified regulatory mechanism of A2BAR abundance.
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27
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Schneider R, Steriade C, Ashby P, Kiehl TR. Clinical Reasoning: A 64-year-old man with progressive paraspinal muscle weakness. Neurology 2016; 86:e4-9. [PMID: 26712835 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schneider
- From the Department of Postgraduate Medical Education (R.S., C.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University Health Network (P.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.-R.K.), University of Toronto; and Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Claude Steriade
- From the Department of Postgraduate Medical Education (R.S., C.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University Health Network (P.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.-R.K.), University of Toronto; and Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Ashby
- From the Department of Postgraduate Medical Education (R.S., C.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University Health Network (P.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.-R.K.), University of Toronto; and Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tim-Rasmus Kiehl
- From the Department of Postgraduate Medical Education (R.S., C.S.), Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University Health Network (P.A.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (T.-R.K.), University of Toronto; and Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Capobianco V, Caterino M, Iaffaldano L, Nardelli C, Sirico A, Del Vecchio L, Martinelli P, Pastore L, Pucci P, Sacchetti L. Proteome analysis of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hA-MSCs) reveals impaired antioxidant ability, cytoskeleton and metabolic functionality in maternal obesity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25270. [PMID: 27125468 PMCID: PMC4850482 DOI: 10.1038/srep25270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity increases the risk of obesity and/or obesity-related diseases in the offspring of animal models. The aim of this study was to identify metabolic dysfunctions that could represent an enhanced risk for human obesity or obesity-related diseases in newborn or in adult life, similar to what occurs in animal models. To this aim, we studied the proteome of 12 obese (Ob-) and 6 non-obese (Co-) human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hA-MSCs) obtained from women at delivery by cesarean section (pre-pregnancy body mass index [mean ± SD]: 42.7 ± 7.7 and 21.3 ± 3.3 kg/m2, respectively). The proteome, investigated by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry, revealed 62 differently expressed proteins in Ob- vs Co-hA-MSCs (P < 0.05), nine of which were confirmed by western blotting. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these 62 proteins are involved in several statistically significant pathways (P < 0.05), including the stress response, cytoskeleton and metabolic pathways. Oxidative stress was shown to be an early triggering factor of tissue fat accumulation and obesity-related disorders in the offspring of obese animal models. Our finding of a reduced stress response in Ob-hA-MSCs suggests that a similar mechanism could occur also in humans. Long-term follow-up studies of newborns of obese mothers are required to verify this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Capobianco
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Caterino
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Iaffaldano
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Nardelli
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Sirico
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Pucci
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, Via Cintia, Complesso Monte Sant'Angelo 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Sacchetti
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
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29
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Czaja AJ. Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis: Current Status and Future Directions. Gut Liver 2016; 10:177-203. [PMID: 26934884 PMCID: PMC4780448 DOI: 10.5009/gnl15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis is characterized by autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia, and interface hepatitis on histological examination. The features lack diagnostic specificity, and other diseases that may resemble autoimmune hepatitis must be excluded. The clinical presentation may be acute, acute severe (fulminant), or asymptomatic; conventional autoantibodies may be absent; centrilobular necrosis and bile duct changes may be present; and the disease may occur after liver transplantation or with features that suggest overlapping disorders. The diagnostic criteria have been codified, and diagnostic scoring systems can support clinical judgment. Nonstandard autoantibodies, including antibodies to actin, α-actinin, soluble liver antigen, perinuclear antineutrophil antigen, asialoglycoprotein receptor, and liver cytosol type 1, are tools that can support the diagnosis, especially in patients with atypical features. Prednisone or prednisolone in combination with azathioprine is the preferred treatment, and strategies using these medications in various doses can ameliorate treatment failure, incomplete response, drug intolerance, and relapse after drug withdrawal. Budesonide, mycophenolate mofetil, and calcineurin inhibitors can be considered in selected patients as frontline or salvage therapies. Molecular (recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies), cellular (adoptive transfer and antigenic manipulation), and pharmacological (antioxidants, antifibrotics, and antiapoptotic agents) interventions constitute future directions in management. The evolving knowledge of the pathogenic pathways and the advances in technology promise new management algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J. Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN,
USA
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30
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Merched AJ, Daret D, Li L, Franzl N, Sauvage-Merched M. Specific autoantigens in experimental autoimmunity-associated atherosclerosis. FASEB J 2016; 30:2123-34. [PMID: 26891734 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Higher cardiovascular morbidity in patients with a wide range of autoimmune diseases highlights the importance of autoimmunity in promoting atherosclerosis. Our purpose was to investigate the mechanisms of accelerated atherosclerosis and identified vascular autoantigens targeted by autoimmunity. We created a mouse model of autoimmunity-associated atherosclerosis by transplanting bone marrow from FcγRIIB knockout (FcRIIB(-/-)) mice into LDL receptor knockout mice. We characterized the cellular and molecular mechanisms of atherogenesis and identified specific aortic autoantigens using serologic proteomic studies. En face lesion area analysis showed more aggressive atherosclerosis in autoimmune mice compared with control mice (0.64 ± 0.12 vs 0.32 ± 0.05 mm(2); P < 0.05, respectively). At the cellular level, FcRIIB(-/-) macrophages showed significant reduction (46-72%) in phagocytic capabilities. Proteomic analysis revealed circulating autoantibodies in autoimmune mice that targeted 25 atherosclerotic lesion proteins, including essential components of adhesion complex, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix, and proteins involved in critical functions and pathways. Microscopic examination of atherosclerotic plaques revealed essential colocalization of autoantibodies with endothelial cells, their adherence to basement membranes, the internal elastica lamina, and necrotic cores. The new vascular autoimmunosome may be a useful target for diagnostic and immunotherapeutic interventions in autoimmunity-associated diseases that have accelerated atherosclerosis.-Merched, A. J., Daret, D., Li, L., Franzl, N., Sauvage-Merched, M. Specific autoantigens in experimental autoimmunity-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksam J Merched
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and INSERM U1053, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danièle Daret
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nathalie Franzl
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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31
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Vierling JM. Autoimmune Hepatitis and Overlap Syndromes: Diagnosis and Management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:2088-108. [PMID: 26284592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John M Vierling
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor-St Luke's Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
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32
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ACTN1 rod domain mutation associated with congenital macrothrombocytopenia. Ann Hematol 2015; 95:141-144. [PMID: 26453073 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-015-2517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in ACTN1, the gene encoding the actin-crosslinking protein α-actinin-1, cause autosomal dominant macrothrombocytopenia. α-Actinin-1 exists as antiparallel dimers, composed of an N-terminal actin-binding domain (ABD), four spectrin-like repeats (SLRs), which form the spacer rod, and a C-terminal calmodulin-like (CaM) domain. All of the previously reported ACTN1 mutations associated with macrothrombocytopenia reside within the ABD and the CaM domain and not within the SLR domain. In this report, we describe a mutation in SLR2 of α-actinin-1 (p.Leu395Gln) associated with familial macrothrombocytopenia. A 3-year-old boy and his mother both had this mutation. They showed a mild form of thrombocytopenia without severe bleeding, accompanied by an elevated mean platelet volume. Consistent with the previous reports of mutations that reside in the ABD or the CaM domain, immunofluorescence examination revealed disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in Gln395 mutant-transduced Chinese hamster ovary cells. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of ACTN1-related macrothrombocytopenia that does not involve functional domain mutations.
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33
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Czaja AJ. Transitioning from Idiopathic to Explainable Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2881-900. [PMID: 25999246 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis lacks an identifiable cause, and its diagnosis requires the exclusion of etiologically defined diseases that resemble it. Insights into its pathogenesis are moving autoimmune hepatitis from an idiopathic to explainable disease, and the goal of this review is to describe the insights that are hastening this transition. Two types of autoimmune hepatitis are justified by serological markers, but they also have distinctive genetic associations (DRB1 and DQB1 genes) and autoantigens. DRB1 alleles are the principal susceptibility factors in white adults, and a six amino acid sequence encoded in the antigen-binding groove of class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex can influence the selection of autoantigens. Polymorphisms, including variants of SH2B3 and CARD10 genes, may affect immune reactivity and disease severity. The cytochrome mono-oxygenase, CYP2D6, is the autoantigen associated with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis, and it shares homologies with multiple viruses that might promote self-intolerance by molecular mimicry. Chemokines, especially CXCL9 and CXCL10, orchestrate the migration of effector cells to sites of injury and are associated with disease severity. Cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses promote tissue damage, and possible deficiencies in the number and function of regulatory T cells may facilitate the injurious process. Receptor-mediated apoptosis is the principal mechanism of hepatocyte loss, and cell-mediated and antibody-dependent mechanisms of cytotoxicity also contribute. Insights that explain autoimmune hepatitis will allow triggering exogenous antigens to be characterized, risk management to be improved, prognostic indices to be refined, and site-specific therapeutic interventions to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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34
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Imperlini E, Spaziani S, Mancini A, Caterino M, Buono P, Orrù S. Synergistic effect of DHT and IGF-1 hyperstimulation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Proteomics 2015; 15:1813-8. [PMID: 25669835 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of mixed or combined performance-enhancing drugs is widespread among athletes and amateurs, adults and adolescents. Clinical studies demonstrated that misuse of these doping agents is associated with serious adverse effects to many organs in human. Previously, we demonstrated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes that high doses of anabolic androgenic steroids, such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), have effects at gene and protein levels. Supraphysiological treatments of DHT and IGF-1 affected the expression of genes involved in skeletal muscle disorders as well as in cell-mediated immunological response. At protein level, DHT hyperdosage affects cell motility and apoptosis; IGF-1 hyperstimulation triggers an active cytoskeletal reorganization and an overproduction of immune response- and inflammation-related cytokines. In this study, we investigate the combined effects of DHT and IGF-1 hyperdosage in peripheral blood lymphocytes using a differential proteomic approach. DHT and IGF-1 combined treatment affects cell adhesion, migration, and survival through modulation of expression levels of cytokines and paxillin-signaling-related proteins, and activation of several pathways downstream focal adhesion kinase. Our results indicate a synergistic effect of DHT and IGF-1 which has potential implications for health risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Spaziani
- DSMB, University of Naples "Parthenope,", Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Mancini
- DSMB, University of Naples "Parthenope,", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate scarl, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Pasqualina Buono
- Fondazione IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy.,DSMB, University of Naples "Parthenope,", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Orrù
- Fondazione IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy.,DSMB, University of Naples "Parthenope,", Naples, Italy
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35
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36
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Genome-wide identification of allele-specific expression in response to Streptococcus suis 2 infection in two differentially susceptible pig breeds. J Appl Genet 2015; 56:481-491. [PMID: 25737137 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although allele expression imbalance has been recognized in many species, and strongly linked to diseases, no whole transcriptome allele imbalance has been detected in pigs during pathogen infections. The pathogen Streptococcus suis 2 (SS2) causes serious zoonotic disease. Different pig breeds show differential susceptibility/resistance to pathogen infection, but the biological insight is little known. Here we analyzed allele-specific expression (ASE) using the spleen transcriptome of four pigs belonging to two phenotypically different breeds after SS2 infection. The comparative analysis of allele specific SNPs between control and infected animals revealed 882 and 1096 statistically significant differentially expressed allele SNPs (criteria: ratio ≧ 2 or ≦ 0.5) in Landrace and Enshi black pig, respectively. Twenty nine allelically imbalanced SNPs were further verified by Sanger sequencing, and later six SNPs were quantified by pyrosequencing assay. The pyrosequencing results are in agreement with the RNA-seq results, except two SNPs. Looking at the role of ASE in predisposition to diseases, the discovery of causative variants by ASE analysis might help the pig industry in long term to design breeding programs for improving SS2 resistance.
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37
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Gatselis NK, Zachou K, Koukoulis GK, Dalekos GN. Autoimmune hepatitis, one disease with many faces: Etiopathogenetic, clinico-laboratory and histological characteristics. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:60-83. [PMID: 25574080 PMCID: PMC4284362 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i1.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an unresolving progressive liver disease of unknown etiology characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibodies detection and interface hepatitis. Due to the absence of specific diagnostic markers and the large heterogeneity of its clinical, laboratory and histological features, AIH diagnosis may be potentially difficult. Therefore, in this in-depth review we summarize the substantial progress on etiopathogenesis, clinical, serological and histological phenotypes of AIH. AIH has a global distribution affecting any age, both sexes and all ethnic groups. Clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic to severe or rarely fulminant hepatitis. Hypergammaglobulinemia with selective elevation of IgG is found in most cases. Autoimmune attack is perpetuated, possibly via molecular mimicry, and favored by the impaired control of T-regulatory cells. Histology (interface hepatitis, emperipolesis and hepatic rosette formation) and autoantibodies detection although not pathognomonic, are still the hallmark for a timely diagnosis. AIH remains a major diagnostic challenge. AIH should be considered in every case in the absence of viral, metabolic, genetic and toxic etiology of chronic or acute hepatitis. Laboratory personnel, hepato-pathologists and clinicians need to become more familiar with disease expressions and the interpretation of liver histology and autoimmune serology to derive maximum benefit for the patient.
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38
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Montagnese F, Portaro S, Musumeci O, Migliorato A, Moggio M, Fagiolari G, Rodolico C. Sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy in a woman with multiple myeloma successfully treated with lenalidomide/dexamethasone. Muscle Nerve 2015; 51:934-5. [PMID: 25524603 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Montagnese
- Department of Neurosciences, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino,", Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Portaro
- Department of Neurosciences, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino,", Messina, Italy
| | - Olimpia Musumeci
- Department of Neurosciences, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino,", Messina, Italy
| | - Alba Migliorato
- Department of Neurosciences, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino,", Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, IRCCS, Italy
| | - Gigliola Fagiolari
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Milan, IRCCS, Italy
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Neurosciences, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino,", Messina, Italy
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39
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Wu CY, Lin MW, Wu DC, Huang YB, Huang HT, Chen CL. The role of phosphoinositide-regulated actin reorganization in chemotaxis and cell migration. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5541-54. [PMID: 25420930 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell motility and chemotaxis. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and membrane lipids, especially phosphoinositides PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are involved in the regulation of this reorganization. At least 15 ABPs have been reported to interact with, or regulated by phosphoinositides (PIPs) whose synthesis is regulated by extracellular signals. Recent studies have uncovered several parallel intracellular signalling pathways that crosstalk in chemotaxing cells. Here, we review the roles of ABPs and phosphoinositides in chemotaxis and cell migration. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Wu
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Sharma S, Mayank AK, Nailwal H, Tripathi S, Patel JR, Bowzard JB, Gaur P, Donis RO, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Farooqi H, Sambhara S, Lal SK. Influenza A viral nucleoprotein interacts with cytoskeleton scaffolding protein α-actinin-4 for viral replication. FEBS J 2014; 281:2899-914. [PMID: 24802111 PMCID: PMC7164065 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV), similar to other viruses, exploits the machinery of human host cells for its survival and replication. We identified α‐actinin‐4, a host cytoskeletal protein, as an interacting partner of IAV nucleoprotein (NP). We confirmed this interaction using co‐immunoprecipitation studies, first in a coupled in vitro transcription‐translation assay and then in cells either transiently co‐expressing the two proteins or infected with whole IAV. Importantly, the NP–actinin‐4 interaction was observed in several IAV subtypes, including the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus. Moreover, immunofluorescence studies revealed that both NP and actinin‐4 co‐localized largely around the nucleus and also in the cytoplasmic region of virus‐infected A549 cells. Silencing of actinin‐4 expression resulted in not only a significant decrease in NP, M2 and NS1 viral protein expression, but also a reduction of both NP mRNA and viral RNA levels, as well as viral titers, 24 h post‐infection with IAV, suggesting that actinin‐4 was critical for viral replication. Furthermore, actinin‐4 depletion reduced the amount of NP localized in the nucleus. Treatment of infected cells with wortmannin, a known inhibitor of actinin‐4, led to a decrease in NP mRNA levels and also caused the nuclear retention of NP, further strengthening our previous observations. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that actinin‐4, a novel interacting partner of IAV NP, plays a crucial role in viral replication and this interaction may participate in nuclear localization of NP and/or viral ribonucleoproteins. Structured digital abstract •http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P03466 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0915 with http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43707 by http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0006 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9512541, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9512553)•http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8JR21 and http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43707 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0403 by http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0416 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9514040)•http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q91U50 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0915 with http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43707 by http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0006 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9514006)•http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q5L4H4 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0407 to http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43707 by http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0007 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9512166, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9512219)•http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C3W6D7 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0915 with http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43707 by http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0006 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9513951)•http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q5L4H4 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0915 with http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43707 by http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0007 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9512237)•http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6DPG0 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0915 with http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43707 by http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0006 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9513984) •http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B2BU63 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0915 with http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43707 by http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0006 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9513930) •http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q5L4H4 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0915 with http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43707 by http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0018 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9512145, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9512095) •http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C9S3S8 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0915 with http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43707 by http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0006 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/interaction/EBI-9513909)
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Sharma
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
α-Actinins are a major class of actin filament cross-linking proteins expressed in virtually all cells. In muscle, actinins cross-link thin filaments from adjacent sarcomeres. In non-muscle cells, different actinin isoforms play analogous roles in cross-linking actin filaments and anchoring them to structures such as cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. Although actinins have long been known to play roles in cytokinesis, cell adhesion and cell migration, recent studies have provided further mechanistic insights into these functions. Roles for actinins in synaptic plasticity and membrane trafficking events have emerged more recently, as has a 'non-canonical' function for actinins in transcriptional regulation in the nucleus. In the present paper we review recent advances in our understanding of these diverse cell biological functions of actinins in non-muscle cells, as well as their roles in cancer and in genetic disorders affecting platelet and kidney physiology. We also make two proposals with regard to the actinin nomenclature. First, we argue that naming actinin isoforms according to their expression patterns is problematic and we suggest a more precise nomenclature system. Secondly, we suggest that the α in α-actinin is superfluous and can be omitted.
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Maiti AK, Kim-Howard X, Motghare P, Pradhan V, Chua KH, Sun C, Arango-Guerrero MT, Ghosh K, Niewold TB, Harley JB, Anaya JM, Looger LL, Nath SK. Combined protein- and nucleic acid-level effects of rs1143679 (R77H), a lupus-predisposing variant within ITGAM. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4161-76. [PMID: 24608226 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin alpha M (ITGAM; CD11b) is a component of the macrophage-1 antigen complex, which mediates leukocyte adhesion, migration and phagocytosis as part of the immune system. We previously identified a missense polymorphism, rs1143679 (R77H), strongly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the molecular mechanisms of this variant are incompletely understood. A meta-analysis of published and novel data on 28 439 individuals with European, African, Hispanic and Asian ancestries reinforces genetic association between rs1143679 and SLE [Pmeta = 3.60 × 10(-90), odds ratio (OR) = 1.76]. Since rs1143679 is in the most active region of chromatin regulation and transcription factor binding in ITGAM, we quantitated ITGAM RNA and surface protein levels in monocytes from patients with each rs1143679 genotype. We observed that transcript levels significantly decreased for the risk allele ('A') relative to the non-risk allele ('G'), in a dose-dependent fashion: ('AA' < 'AG' < 'GG'). CD11b protein levels in patients' monocytes were directly correlated with RNA levels. Strikingly, heterozygous individuals express much lower (average 10- to 15-fold reduction) amounts of the 'A' transcript than 'G' transcript. We found that the non-risk sequence surrounding rs1143679 exhibits transcriptional enhancer activity in vivo and binds to Ku70/80, NFKB1 and EBF1 in vitro, functions that are significantly reduced with the risk allele. Mutant CD11b protein shows significantly reduced binding to fibrinogen and vitronectin, relative to non-risk, both in purified protein and in cellular models. This two-pronged contribution (nucleic acid- and protein-level) of the rs1143679 risk allele to decreasing ITGAM activity provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of its potent association with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Maiti
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xana Kim-Howard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Prasenjeet Motghare
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Celi Sun
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - María Teresa Arango-Guerrero
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Timothy B Niewold
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John B Harley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Juan-Manual Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Loren L Looger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Swapan K Nath
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Kojima S, Koitabashi K, Iizuka N, Okamoto K, Arito M, Sato T, Kurokawa MS, Suematsu N, Shibagaki Y, Yasuda T, Kimura K, Kato T. Proteomic analysis of whole glomeruli in patients with IgA nephropathy using microsieving. Am J Nephrol 2014; 39:36-45. [PMID: 24434790 DOI: 10.1159/000357788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To promote understanding of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) pathophysiology, we tried to elucidate glomerular protein profiles in IgAN, using microsieving that we established recently to isolate glomeruli from renal biopsy samples and proteomic approaches. METHODS Glomeruli were isolated from renal biopsy samples of patients with IgAN (n = 5) and with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS; n = 5) using microsieving. Proteins extracted from the isolated glomeruli were separated by 2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Proteins with different amounts between the two groups were identified by mass spectrometry. One of the identified proteins, α-actinin-4 (ACTN4), was further analyzed by Western blotting, RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS By 2D-DIGE, 72 out of the detected 1,170 protein spots showed significantly different intensity between the two groups (p < 0.05). Thirty-four out of the 72 protein spots showed more than 1.5-fold or less than 1/1.5-fold intensity, out of which 16 protein spots were successfully identified. No microbial protein was identified. ACTN4 molecules with a low molecular weight of approximately 77 kDa were found to increase in the IgAN group. Lack of an N-terminal part of ACTN4 was demonstrated by Western blotting. No defect of mRNA for ACTN4 was evidenced by RT-PCR. Predominant existence of ACTN4 in capillary walls of glomeruli of IgAN patients was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in glomerular sections of patients with IgAN. CONCLUSION Use of microsieving enabled us to biochemically analyze glomerular proteins in renal biopsy samples from patients with glomerular diseases. With this method, we demonstrated skewed glomerular protein profiles in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kojima
- Clinical Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Anti-brain autoantibodies in the serum of schizophrenic patients: a case-control study. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:800-5. [PMID: 24103908 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder with a multifactorial pathogenesis where autoimmune factors may play a significant role. The aim of this study was to verify the presence of anti-brain autoantibodies in the serum of schizophrenic patients compared to healthy controls. Autoantibodies against brain were detected by the immunofluorescence method, utilizing sections of rat hippocampus and hypothalamus and of monkey cerebellum. Three different fluorescence patterns were observed, staining the nucleus-cytoplasm of neurons, the neuroendothelial of blood vessel and the neurofilaments. Search for other organ-specific and non organ-specific autoantibodies was performed in all sera by indirect immunofluorescence method, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results showed a significant association between schizophrenia and anti-brain autoantibodies against the neuroendothelium of blood vessel in hypothalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum; a significant nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of neurons was assessed only for the hippocampus. No other significant association was found, except between schizophrenia and anti-nuclear autoantibodies on HEp-2 cells. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis of a significant association between schizophrenia and circulating anti-brain autoantibodies, suggesting a diffuse reactivity against the neuroendothelium of blood vessel and highlighting a nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of the neurons of hippocampus.
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Sporadic late-onset nemaline myopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Neurol 2013; 260:3171-3. [PMID: 24178707 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-013-7168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Doppler K, Knop S, Einsele H, Sommer C, Wessig C. Sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy and immunoglobulin deposition disease. Muscle Nerve 2013; 48:983-8. [PMID: 23873431 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In monoclonal gammopathy, organ dysfunction can occur due to deposition of immunoglobulin fragments. A rare form of acquired myopathy often associated with monoclonal gammopathy is sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy (SLONM), which is characterized by nemaline rods in myofibers. The pathogenetic link between monoclonal gammopathy and SLONM has not yet been elucidated. METHODS Case report of a patient with monoclonal gammopathy who developed a progressive myopathy, finally diagnosed as SLONM. RESULTS A muscle biopsy showed mild myopathic changes. A second biopsy 1 year after clinical onset demonstrated deposition of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains and the presence of nemaline rods. The patient experienced marked improvement of muscle strength after autologous stem cell transplantation and treatment with bortezomib, a therapy that is known to be effective in light chain deposition disease. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that deposition of light and heavy chains, rather than nemaline bodies, has myotoxic effects on skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Doppler
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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Zachou K, Muratori P, Koukoulis GK, Granito A, Gatselis N, Fabbri A, Dalekos GN, Muratori L. Review article: autoimmune hepatitis -- current management and challenges. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:887-913. [PMID: 24010812 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a disease of unknown aetiology characterised by interface hepatitis, hypergammaglobulinaemia, circulating autoantibodies and a favourable response to immunosuppression. AIM To review recent advancements in understanding aetiopathogenesis, clinical, serological and histological features, diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies of AIH. METHODS Published studies on AIH extracted mainly from PubMed during the last 15 years. RESULTS Autoimmune hepatitis has a global distribution affecting any age, both sexes and all ethnic groups. Clinical manifestations are variable ranging from no symptoms to severe acute hepatitis and only seldom to fulminant hepatic failure. Autoimmune attack is perpetuated, possibly via molecular mimicry mechanisms, and favoured by the impaired control of regulatory T-cells. A typical laboratory finding is hypergammaglobulinaemia with selective elevation of IgG, although in 15-25% of patients - particularly children, elderly and acute cases - IgG levels are normal. Liver histology and autoantibodies, although not pathognomonic, still remain the hallmark for diagnosis. Immunosuppressive treatment is mandatory and life-saving; however, to meet strict response criteria, the conventional therapy with prednisolone with or without azathioprine is far from ideal. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune hepatitis remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The clinician, the hepato-pathologist and the laboratory personnel need to become more familiar with different expressions of the disease, interpretation of liver histology and autoimmune serology. According to the strict definition of treatment response issued by the 2010 AASLD guidelines, many patients are nonresponders to conventional treatment. Newer immunosuppressive agents targeting pathogenetic mechanisms can improve patient management, which needs to be tailored on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zachou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Thessaly University, Larissa, Greece
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Skutkova H, Vitek M, Babula P, Kizek R, Provaznik I. Classification of genomic signals using dynamic time warping. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14 Suppl 10:S1. [PMID: 24267034 PMCID: PMC3750471 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-s10-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classification methods of DNA most commonly use comparison of the differences in DNA symbolic records, which requires the global multiple sequence alignment. This solution is often inappropriate, causing a number of imprecisions and requires additional user intervention for exact alignment of the similar segments. The similar segments in DNA represented as a signal are characterized by a similar shape of the curve. The DNA alignment in genomic signals may adjust whole sections not only individual symbols. The dynamic time warping (DTW) is suitable for this purpose and can replace the multiple alignment of symbolic sequences in applications, such as phylogenetic analysis. METHODS The proposed method is composed of three main parts. The first part represent conversion of symbolic representation of DNA sequences in the form of a string of A,C,G,T symbols to signal representation in the form of cumulated phase of complex components defined for each symbol. Next part represents signals size adjustment realized by standard signal preprocessing methods: median filtration, detrendization and resampling. The final part necessary for genomic signals comparison is position and length alignment of genomic signals by dynamic time warping (DTW). RESULTS The application of the DTW on set of genomic signals was evaluated in dendrogram construction using cluster analysis. The resulting tree was compared with a classical phylogenetic tree reconstructed using multiple alignment. The classification of genomic signals using the DTW is evolutionary closer to phylogeny of organisms. This method is more resistant to errors in the sequences and less dependent on the number of input sequences. CONCLUSIONS Classification of genomic signals using dynamic time warping is an adequate variant to phylogenetic analysis using the symbolic DNA sequences alignment; in addition, it is robust, quick and more precise technique.
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Dzieciatkowska M, Silliman CC, Moore EE, Kelher MR, Banerjee A, Land KJ, Ellison M, West FB, Ambruso DR, Hansen KC. Proteomic analysis of the supernatant of red blood cell units: the effects of storage and leucoreduction. Vox Sang 2013; 105:210-8. [PMID: 23663258 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a life-saving intervention for critically ill patients; however, it has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality. We hypothesize that a number of important proteins accumulate during routine storage of RBCs, which may explain some of the adverse effects seen in transfused patients. STUDY DESIGN Five RBC units were drawn and divided (half prestorage leucoreduced (LR-RBC) and half left as an unmodified control (RBC). The supernatant was separated on days 1 and 42 of storage and proteomic analyses completed with in-gel tryptic digestion and nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS In RBC supernatants, 401 proteins were identified: 203 increased with storage, 114 decreased, and 84 were unchanged. In LR-RBC supernatant, 231 proteins were identified: 84 increased with storage, 30 decreased, and 117 were unchanged. Prestorage leucoreduction removed many platelet- and leucocyte-derived structural proteins; however, a number of intracellular proteins accumulated including peroxiredoxins (Prdx) 6 and latexin. The increases were confirmed by immunoblotting, including the T-phosphorylation of Prdx-6, indicating that it may be functioning as an active phospholipase. Active matrix metalloproteinase-9 also increased with a coinciding decrease in the metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 and cystatin C. CONCLUSION We conclude that a number of proteins increase with RBC storage, which is partially ameliorated with leucoreduction, and transfusion of stored RBCs may introduce mediators that result in adverse events in the transfused host.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dzieciatkowska
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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