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Gedney JR, Mattia V, Figueroa M, Barksdale C, Fannin E, Silverman J, Xiong Y, Mukherjee R, Jones JA, Ruddy JM. Biomechanical dysregulation of SGK-1 dependent aortic pathologic markers in hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1359734. [PMID: 38903966 PMCID: PMC11187291 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1359734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In hypertension (HTN), biomechanical stress may drive matrix remodeling through dysfunctional VSMC activity. Prior evidence has indicated VSMC tension-induced signaling through the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase-1 (SGK-1) can impact cytokine abundance. Here, we hypothesize that SGK-1 impacts production of additional aortic pathologic markers (APMs) representing VSMC dysfunction in HTN. Methods Aortic VSMC expression of APMs was quantified by QPCR in cyclic biaxial stretch (Stretch) +/- AngiotensinII (AngII). APMs were selected to represent VSMC dedifferentiated transcriptional activity, specifically Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Cathepsin S (CtsS), Cystatin C (CysC), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), and Tenascin C (TNC). To further assess the effect of tension alone, abdominal aortic rings from C57Bl/6 WT mice were held in a myograph at experimentally derived optimal tension (OT) or OT + 30% +/-AngII. Dependence on SGK-1 was assessed by treating with EMD638683 (SGK-1 inhibitor) and APMs were measured by QPCR. Then, WT and smooth muscle cell specific SGK-1 heterozygous knockout (SMC-SGK-1KO+/-) mice had AngII-induced HTN. Systolic blood pressure and mechanical stress parameters were assessed on Day 0 and Day 21. Plasma was analyzed by ELISA to quantify APMs. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. Results In cultured aortic VSMCs, expression of all APMs was increased in response to biomechanical stimuli (Stretch +/-AngII,). Integrating the matrix contribution to signal transduction in the aortic rings led to IL-6 and CysC demonstrating SGK-1 dependence in response to elevated tension and interactive effect with concurrent AngII stimulation. CtsS and TNC, on the other hand, primarily responded to AngII, and OPG expression was unaffected in aortic ring experimentation. Both mouse strains had >30% increase in blood pressure with AngII infusion, reduced aortic distensibility and increased PPV, indicating increased aortic stiffness. In WT + AngII mice, IL-6, CtsS, CysC, and TNC plasma levels were significantly elevated, but these APMs were unaffected by HTN in the SMC-SGK-1KO+/- +AngII mice, suggesting SGK-1 plays a major role in VSMC biomechanical signaling to promote dysfunctional production of selected APMs. Conclusion In HTN, changes in the plasma levels of markers associated with aortic matrix homeostasis can reflect remodeling driven by mechanobiologic signaling in dysfunctional VSMCs, potentially through the activity of SGK-1. Further defining these pathways may identify therapeutic targets to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ryan Gedney
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Victoria Mattia
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christian Barksdale
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ethan Fannin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jonah Silverman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ying Xiong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jean Marie Ruddy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Figueroa M, Hall S, Mattia V, Mendoza A, Brown A, Xiong Y, Mukherjee R, Jones JA, Richardson W, Ruddy JM. Vascular smooth muscle cell mechanotransduction through serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase-1 promotes interleukin-6 production and macrophage accumulation in murine hypertension. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 4:100124. [PMID: 37920479 PMCID: PMC10618507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2023.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this investigation was to demonstrate that in vivo induction of hypertension (HTN) and in vitro cyclic stretch of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can cause serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK-1)-dependent production of cytokines to promote macrophage accumulation that may promote vascular pathology. Methods HTN was induced in C57Bl/6 mice with angiotensin II infusion (1.46 mg/kg/day × 21 days) with or without systemic infusion of EMD638683 (2.5 mg/kg/day × 21 days), a selective SGK-1 inhibitor. Systolic blood pressure was recorded. Abdominal aortas were harvested to quantify SGK-1 activity (pSGK-1/SGK-1) by immunoblot. Flow cytometry quantified the abundance of CD11b+/F480+ cells (macrophages). Plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Aortic VSMCs from wild-type mice were subjected to 12% biaxial cyclic stretch (Stretch) for 3 or 12 hours with or without EMD638683 (10 μM) and with or without SGK-1 small interfering RNA with subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction for IL-6 and MCP-1 expression. IL-6 and MCP-1 in culture media were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Aortic VSMCs from SGK-1flox+/+ mice were transfected with Cre-Adenovirus to knockdown SGK-1 (SGK-1KD VSMCs) and underwent parallel tension experimentation. Computational modeling was used to simulate VSMC signaling. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance with significance at a P value of <.05. Results SGK-1 activity, abundance of CD11b+/F4-80+ cells, and plasma IL-6 were increased in the abdominal aorta of mice with HTN and significantly reduced by treatment with EMD638683. This outcome mirrored the increased abundance of IL-6 in media from Stretch C57Bl/6 VSMCs and attenuation of the effect with EMD638683 or SGK-1 small interfering RNA. C57Bl/6 VSMCs also responded to Stretch with increased MCP-1 expression and secretion into the culture media. Further supporting the integral role of mechanical signaling through SGK-1, target gene expression and cytokine secretion was unchanged in SGK-1KD VSMCs with Stretch, and computer modeling confirmed SGK-1 as an intersecting node of signaling owing to mechanical strain and angiotensin II. Conclusions Mechanical activation of SGK-1 in aortic VSMCs can promote inflammatory signaling and increased macrophage abundance, therefore this kinase warrants further exploration as a pharmacotherapeutic target to abrogate hypertensive vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Figueroa
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - SarahRose Hall
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Victoria Mattia
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Alex Mendoza
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Adam Brown
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Ying Xiong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jeffrey A. Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - William Richardson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AK
| | - Jean Marie Ruddy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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Wang Z, Ma J, Yue H, Zhang Z, Fang F, Wang G, Liu X, Shen Y. Vascular smooth muscle cells in intracranial aneurysms. Microvasc Res 2023:104554. [PMID: 37236346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a severe cerebrovascular disease characterized by abnormal bulging of cerebral vessels that may rupture and cause a stroke. The expansion of the aneurysm accompanies by the remodeling of vascular matrix. It is well-known that vascular remodeling is a process of synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is highly dependent on the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The phenotypic switching of VSMC is considered to be bidirectional, including the physiological contractile phenotype and alternative synthetic phenotype in response to injury. There is increasing evidence indicating that VSMCs have the ability to switch to various phenotypes, including pro-inflammatory, macrophagic, osteogenic, foamy and mesenchymal phenotypes. Although the mechanisms of VSMC phenotype switching are still being explored, it is becoming clear that phenotype switching of VSMCs plays an essential role in IA formation, progression, and rupture. This review summarized the various phenotypes and functions of VSMCs associated with IA pathology. The possible influencing factors and potential molecular mechanisms of the VSMC phenotype switching were further discussed. Understanding how phenotype switching of VSMC contributed to the pathogenesis of unruptured IAs can bring new preventative and therapeutic strategies for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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Patel R, Hall S, Lanford H, Ward N, Grespin RT, Figueroa M, Mattia V, Xiong Y, Mukherjee R, Jones J, Ruddy JM. Signaling through the IL-6-STAT3 Pathway Promotes Proteolytically-Active Macrophage Accumulation Necessary for Development of Small AAA. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2023:15385744231152961. [PMID: 36639147 DOI: 10.1177/15385744231152961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels have been associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but whether this cytokine plays a causative role in the degenerative remodeling or represents an effect from the inflammatory cascades initiated by infiltrating leukocytes remained unclear. This project aims to demonstrate that within the aortic wall, signaling from IL-6 through the STAT3 transcription factor is necessary for infiltration of proteolytically-active macrophages and development of small AAA. METHODS Following measurement of baseline infrarenal aortic diameter (AoD, digital microscopy), C57Bl/6 and IL-6 knockout (IL-6KO) mice underwent AAA induction by application of peri-adventitial CaCl2 (0.5 M) +/- implantation of an osmotic mini-pump delivering IL-6 (4.36 µg/kg/day over 21 days). At the terminal procedure, AoDs were measured by digital microscopy and aortas harvested for immunoblot (pSTAT3/STAT3), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) quantification, or flow cytometric analysis of macrophage content. Plasma was collected for cytokine analysis. RESULTS IL-6 infusion significantly increased the plasma IL-6 levels in C57Bl/6 and IL-6KO animals. The C57Bl/6 + CaCl2 group developed AAA (AoD >50% above baseline) but IL-6KO + CaCl2 did not. In the IL-6KO + IL-6+CaCl2 group, AAA developed to match that of C57Bl/6 + CaCl2 mice. STAT3 activity was significantly increased in animals with advanced stages of dilation (>40% from baseline), compared to those with ectasia (≤25%). Although cytokine profiles did not support T-cells or neutrophils as being active contributors in this stage of aortic remodeling, changes in the profile of elaborated MMPs suggested macrophage activity with a trend toward alternatively activated pathways. Flow cytometry confirmed significantly increased macrophage abundance specifically in animals with upregulated STAT3 activity and advanced aortic dilation. CONCLUSION In this murine model of AAA, progressive dilation to development of true AAA was only accomplished when IL-6 signaling upregulated STAT3 activity to effect accumulation of proteolytically-active macrophages. This pathway warrants further investigation to identify potential therapeutic avenues to abrogate growth of small AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Patel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - SarahRose Hall
- Division of Vascular Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hayes Lanford
- Division of Vascular Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nicholas Ward
- Division of Vascular Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - R Tyler Grespin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mario Figueroa
- Division of Vascular Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Victoria Mattia
- Division of Vascular Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Jones
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jean Marie Ruddy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, 2345Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Wang K, Song Y, Li H, Song J, Wang S. Identification of differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes in abdominal aortic aneurysm: Bioinformatics analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:991613. [PMID: 36247434 PMCID: PMC9558826 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.991613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes associated with ferroptosis in AAA through bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental validation. Materials and methods Firstly, the mRNA expression profile datasets GSE57691 and GSE47472 from Gene Expression Omnibus database were screened, and principal component analysis was carried out. Next, the R software (version 4.0.0) was used to analyze potentially differentially expressed genes associated with AAA and ferroptosis. Subsequently, protein–protein interaction analysis, gene ontology enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the selected candidate genes. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of the first five selected abnormal ferroptosis-related genes in clinical samples obtained from patients with AAA and healthy controls. Results Based on the information contained in the two datasets, a total of 20 differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (three upregulated genes and 17 downregulated genes) were selected. Protein–protein interaction analysis demonstrated interaction between these genes, while gene ontology enrichment analysis of ferroptosis genes with differential expression indicated that some enrichment items were associated with oxidative stress. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) were consistent with the bioinformatics prediction results obtained from the mRNA chip. Conclusion Bioinformatics analysis identified 20 potential ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes in AAA. Further verification by qRT-PCR showed that IL-6, PRXD1, and SCD might affect the process of AAA by regulating ferroptosis. Our results might assist in further understanding the pathogenesis of AAA and guiding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yancheng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Qingdao Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianshu Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhong Wang,
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Rombouts KB, van Merrienboer TAR, Ket JCF, Bogunovic N, van der Velden J, Yeung KK. The role of vascular smooth muscle cells in the development of aortic aneurysms and dissections. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13697. [PMID: 34698377 PMCID: PMC9285394 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic aneurysms (AA) are pathological dilations of the aorta, associated with an overall mortality rate up to 90% in case of rupture. In addition to dilation, the aortic layers can separate by a tear within the layers, defined as aortic dissections (AD). Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) are the predominant cell type within the aortic wall and dysregulation of vSMC functions contributes to AA and AD development and progression. However, since the exact underlying mechanism is poorly understood, finding potential therapeutic targets for AA and AD is challenging and surgery remains the only treatment option. METHODS In this review, we summarize current knowledge about vSMC functions within the aortic wall and give an overview of how vSMC functions are altered in AA and AD pathogenesis, organized per anatomical location (abdominal or thoracic aorta). RESULTS Important functions of vSMC in healthy or diseased conditions are apoptosis, phenotypic switch, extracellular matrix regeneration and degradation, proliferation and contractility. Stressors within the aortic wall, including inflammatory cell infiltration and (epi)genetic changes, modulate vSMC functions and cause disturbance of processes within vSMC, such as changes in TGF-β signalling and regulatory RNA expression. CONCLUSION This review underscores a central role of vSMC dysfunction in abdominal and thoracic AA and AD development and progression. Further research focused on vSMC dysfunction in the aortic wall is necessary to find potential targets for noninvasive AA and AD treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn B Rombouts
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tara A R van Merrienboer
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Natalija Bogunovic
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center and AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Location VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Reversal of elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm following the delivery of nanoparticle-based pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) is associated with reduced inflammatory and immune markers. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174487. [PMID: 34516951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a deadly disease in elderly population, is featured by expansion of aortic diameter, degradation and weakening of vasculature. Its common and significant characteristics are disarray and inflammation in vasculature. We tested the hypothesis that the reversal of abdominal aortic aneurysm by pentagalloyl glucose-loaded nanoparticles (PGG-NPs) therapy that targets degraded elastin suppresses inflammatory and immune markers to ameliorate the pathophysiology of the disease in advance stage aneurysm in a porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced mouse model of AAA. METHODS AND RESULTS After induction of aneurysm in pathogen-free C57BL/6 male mice by applying PPE peri-adventitially to the abdominal aorta, once a week for two doses of intravenous injections of pentagalloyl glucose-loaded nanoparticles (PGG-NPs) conjugated with elastin targeted antibody were used to reverse the aneurysms. We showed that PGG-NPs therapy could suppress infiltration of macrophages, CD8 and CD4 subsets of T cells, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-6 at the local and systemic level. Moreover, such PGG-NPs therapy increases the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-13, IL-27 and IL-10 at the local and systemic level. The therapy also led to remodeling of elastic lamina at the aneurysm site. CONCLUSION Nanoparticles-loaded pentagalloyl glucose therapy can be an effective treatment option against advanced stage aneurysms to reverse the disease by ameliorating inflammation and restoring arterial homeostasis.
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8
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Schreckenberg R, Wolf A, Troidl C, Simsekyilmaz S, Schlüter KD. Pro-inflammatory Vascular Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Associated With High Physical Activity Cannot Be Attenuated by Aldosterone Blockade. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:699283. [PMID: 34381826 PMCID: PMC8349986 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.699283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of high physical activity, performed as voluntary running wheel exercise, on inflammation and vascular adaptation may differ between normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We investigated the effects of running wheel activity on leukocyte mobilization, neutrophil migration into the vascular wall (aorta), and transcriptional adaptation of the vascular wall and compared and combined the effects of high physical activity with that of pharmacological treatment (aldosterone antagonist spironolactone). At the start of the 6th week of life, before hypertension became established in SHRs, rats were provided with a running wheel over a period of 10-months'. To investigate to what extent training-induced changes may underlie a possible regression, controls were also generated by removal of the running wheel for the last 4 months. Aldosterone blockade was achieved upon oral administration of Spironolactone in the corresponding treatment groups for the last 4 months. The number of circulating blood cells was quantified by FACS analysis of peripheral blood. mRNA expression of selected proteins was quantified by RT-PCR. Histology and confocal laser microscopy were used to monitor cell migration. Although voluntary running wheel exercise reduced the number of circulating neutrophils in normotensive rats, it rather increased it in SHRs. Furthermore, running wheel activity in SHRs but not normotensive rats increased the number of natural killer (NK)-cells. Except of the increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and reduction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), running wheel activity exerted a different transcriptional response in the vascular tissue of normotensive and hypertensive rats, i.e., lack of reduction of the pro-inflammatory IL-6 in vessels from hypertensive rats. Spironolactone reduced the number of neutrophils; however, in co-presence with high physical activity this effect was blunted. In conclusion, although high physical activity has beneficial effects in normotensive rats, this does not predict similar beneficial effects in the concomitant presence of hypertension and care has to be taken on interactions between pharmacological approaches and high physical activity in hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Schreckenberg
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Annemarie Wolf
- Department of Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Troidl
- Department of Cardiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sakine Simsekyilmaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
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The Association between the Risk of Aortic Aneurysm/Aortic Dissection and the Use of Fluroquinolones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060697. [PMID: 34200836 PMCID: PMC8230555 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between the risk of aortic aneurysm (AA)/aortic dissection (AD) and the use of fluoroquinolones (FQs). PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for relevant articles to 21st February 2021. Studies that compared the risk of AA/AD in patients who did and did not receive FQs or other comparators were included. The pooled results of nine studies with 11 study cohorts showed that the use of FQs increased the risk of AA/AD by 69% (pooled risk ratio (RR) = 1.69 (95% CI = 1.08, 2.64)). This significant association remained unchanged using leave-one-out sensitivity test analysis. Similar results were found for AA (pooled RR = 1.58 (1.21, 2.07)) but no significant association was observed for AD (pooled RR = 1.23 (0.93, 1.62)). Stratified by the comparators, the use of FQs was associated with a significantly higher risk of AA/AD compared to azithromycin (pooled RR = 2.31 (1.54, 3.47)) and amoxicillin (pooled RR = 1.57 (1.39, 1.78)). In contrast, FQ was not associated with a higher risk of AA/AD, when compared with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or ampicillin/sulbactam (pooled RR = 1.18 (0.81, 1.73)), sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim (pooled RR = 0.89 (0.65, 1.22)) and other antibiotics (pooled RR = 1.14 (0.90, 1.46)). In conclusion, FQs were associated with an increased risk of AA or AD, although the level of evidence was not robust. However, FQs did not exhibit a higher risk of AA or AD compared with other broad-spectrum antibiotics. Further studies are warranted to clarify the role of FQs in the development of AA or AD.
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10
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Newton ER, Akerman AW, Strassle PD, Kibbe MR. Association of Fluoroquinolone Use With Short-term Risk of Development of Aortic Aneurysm. JAMA Surg 2021; 156:264-272. [PMID: 33404647 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Although fluoroquinolones are commonly prescribed antibiotics in the US, recent international studies have shown an increased risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection after fluoroquinolone use, leading to US Food and Drug Administration warnings limiting use for high-risk patients. It is unclear whether these data are true for the US population and who is truly high risk. Objective To assess aortic aneurysm and dissection risks in a heterogeneous US population after fluoroquinolone use. Design, Setting, and Participants Prescription fills for fluoroquinolones or a comparator antibiotic from 2005 to 2017 among commercially insured individuals aged 18 to 64 years were identified in this retrospective analysis of MarketScan health insurance claims. This cohort study included 27 827 254 US adults (47 596 545 antibiotic episodes), aged 18 to 64 years, with no known previous aortic aneurysm or dissection, no recent antibiotic exposure, and no recent hospitalization. Exposures Outpatient fill of an oral fluoroquinolone or comparator antibiotic (amoxicillin-clavulanate, azithromycin, cephalexin, clindamycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim). Main Outcomes and Measures The 90-day incidence of aortic aneurysm and dissection. Inverse probability of treatment weighting in Cox regression was used to estimate the association between fluoroquinolone fill and 90-day aneurysm incidence. Interaction terms were used to assess the association of known risk factors (ie, sex, age, and comorbidities) with aneurysm after fluoroquinolone use. Data analysis was performed March 2019 to May 2020. Results Of 47 596 545 prescription fills, 9 053 961 (19%) were fluoroquinolones and 38 542 584 (81%) were comparator antibiotics. The median (interquartile range) age of adults with fluoroquinolone fills was 47 (36-57) years vs 43 (31-54) years with comparator antibiotic fills. Women comprised 61.3% of fluoroquinolone fills and 59.5% of comparator antibiotic fills. Before weighting, the 90-day incidence of newly diagnosed aneurysm was 7.5 cases per 10 000 fills (6752 of 9 053 961) after fluoroquinolones compared with 4.6 cases per 10 000 fills (17 627 of 38 542 584) after comparator antibiotics. After weighting for demographic characteristics and comorbidities, fluoroquinolone fills were associated with increased incidence of aneurysm formation (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17-1.24). More specifically, compared with comparator antibiotics, fluoroquinolone fills were associated with increased 90-day incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.25-1.37), iliac artery aneurysm (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.33-1.91), and other abdominal aneurysm (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.39-1.79), and adults were more likely to undergo aneurysm repair (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.44-2.46). When stratified by age, all adults 35 years or older appeared at increased risk (18-34 years: HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.83-1.18]; 35-49 years: HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.09-1.28]; 50-64 years: HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.19-1.28]; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that fluoroquinolones were associated with increased incidence of aortic aneurysm formation in US adults. This association was consistent across adults aged 35 years or older, sex, and comorbidities, suggesting fluoroquinolone use should be pursued with caution in all adults, not just in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Newton
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Adam W Akerman
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Paula D Strassle
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Melina R Kibbe
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.,Editor, JAMA Surgery
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11
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Aoki H, Majima R, Hashimoto Y, Hirakata S, Ohno-Urabe S. Ying and Yang of Stat3 in pathogenesis of aortic dissection. J Cardiol 2020; 77:471-474. [PMID: 33148468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is a medical emergency, in which acute destruction of aortic wall occurs with unknown etiology. Recent studies have uncovered the critical role of inteleukin-6 (IL-6) and inflammatory cells including macrophages in the disease mechanism of AD. IL-6 activates janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to alter the gene expression program in many cell types, thus regulating various aspects of inflammatory response. We found that in human AD tissue, STAT3 was activated in infiltrating macrophages and in medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), suggesting that STAT3 may regulate the response of these cell types. However, it is unknown how Stat3 regulates the cell type-specific response in pathogenesis of AD. The role of STAT3 was examined in genetically modified mice in which STAT3 sensitivity was enhanced specifically in macrophages or in SMCs by tissue-specific deletion of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3), a negative regulator of STAT3. Macrophage-specific deletion of Socs3 caused acute enhancement of STAT3 activation, M1-dominant differentiation of macrophages, suppression of tissue repair response of SMCs, and exaggerated AD. In contrast, SMC-specific deletion of Socs3 caused chronic STAT3 activation and low-grade inflammatory response in aortic walls, activation of fibroblasts, M2-dominant differentiation of macrophages, increase in adventitial collagen deposition, resulting in the protection of aorta from AD by reinforcing the tensile strength of the aortic walls. Therefore, STAT3 regulates the balance between the destruction and the reinforcement of the aortic tissue, depending on the cell types and the time course of STAT3 activation, which ultimately regulates the development of AD. Elucidating such a dynamic mechanism to regulate the aortic tissue integrity would be essential to decipher the molecular pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Majima
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Hashimoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saki Hirakata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Ohno-Urabe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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12
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Gurung R, Choong AM, Woo CC, Foo R, Sorokin V. Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176334. [PMID: 32878347 PMCID: PMC7504666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) refers to the localized dilatation of the infra-renal aorta, in which the diameter exceeds 3.0 cm. Loss of vascular smooth muscle cells, degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), vascular inflammation, and oxidative stress are hallmarks of AAA pathogenesis and contribute to the progressive thinning of the media and adventitia of the aortic wall. With increasing AAA diameter, and left untreated, aortic rupture ensues with high mortality. Collective evidence of recent genetic and epigenetic studies has shown that phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) towards dedifferentiation and proliferative state, which associate with the ECM remodeling of the vascular wall and accompanied with increased cell senescence and inflammation, is seen in in vitro and in vivo models of the disease. This review critically analyses existing publications on the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms implicated in the complex role of SMCs within the aortic wall in AAA formation and reflects the importance of SMCs plasticity in AAA formation. Although evidence from the wide variety of mouse models is convincing, how this knowledge is applied to human biology needs to be addressed urgently leveraging modern in vitro and in vivo experimental technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijan Gurung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (R.G.); (R.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Andrew Mark Choong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chin Cheng Woo
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
| | - Roger Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (R.G.); (R.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Vitaly Sorokin
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 8, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (A.M.C.); (C.C.W.)
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 9, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6779-5555
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13
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Schack AS, Stubbe J, Steffensen LB, Mahmoud H, Laursen MS, Lindholt JS. Intraluminal infusion of Penta-Galloyl Glucose reduces abdominal aortic aneurysm development in the elastase rat model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234409. [PMID: 32857766 PMCID: PMC7454949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a progressive chronic dilatation of the abdominal aorta with terminally rupture when the aortic wall is so weakened that aortic wall stress exceeds wall strength. No effective medical treatment exists so far. We aimed to test whether intraluminal admission of Penta-Galloyl Glucose (PGG) treatment in a rodent AAA model could hold the potential to inhibit aneurysmal progression. METHOD Male Sprague Dawley rats had either intraluminal elastase infused for AAA induction or saline to serve as controls. In two independent experimental series, elastase was used to induce AAA followed by an intraluminal PGG (directly or by a drug eluting balloon) treatment. All rats were followed for 28 days and euthanized. In both series, maximal infrarenal aortic diameter was measured at baseline and at termination as a measure of AAA size. In series 2, maximal internally AAA diameter was followed by ultrasound weekly. AAA tissues were analyzed for elastin integrity by millers stain, collagen deposition by masson trichrome staining. In other AAA tissue samples the mRNA level of CD45, lysyloxidase (LOX), lysyloxidase like protein 1 (LOXL1) were determined by qPCR. RESULTS Direct administration of PGG significantly reduced AAA expansion when compared to controls. PGG treatment resulted in a higher number and more preserved elastic fibers in the aneurysmal wall, while no significant difference was seen in the levels of CD45 and LOX mRNA levels. The drug eluting balloon (DEB) experiment showed no significant difference in AAA size observed neither macroscopically nor ultrasonically. Also the aneurysmal mRNA levels of CD45, LOX and LOXL1 were unchanged between groups. CONCLUSION A significant reduced expansion of AAAs was observed in the PGG group, suggesting PGG as a drug to inhibit aneurysmal progression, while administration through a DEB did not show a promising new way of administration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Elastic Tissue/drug effects
- Elastic Tissue/pathology
- Hydrolyzable Tannins/administration & dosage
- Infusions, Intralesional/instrumentation
- Infusions, Intralesional/methods
- Male
- Pancreatic Elastase/administration & dosage
- Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Asbjørn Sune Schack
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jane Stubbe
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lasse Bach Steffensen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hend Mahmoud
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Malene Skaarup Laursen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jes Sanddal Lindholt
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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14
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Chen J, Zhou Y, Liu S, Li C. Biomechanical signal communication in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:357-376. [PMID: 32780323 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical stresses are closely associated with cardiovascular development and diseases. In vivo, vascular smooth muscle cells are constantly stimulated by biomechanical factors caused by increased blood pressure leading to the non-specific activation of cell transmembrane proteins. Thus, various intracellular signal molecules are simultaneously activated via signaling cascades, which are closely related to alterations in the differentiation, phenotype, inflammation, migration, pyroptosis, calcification, proliferation, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. Meanwhile, mechanical stress-induced miRNAs and epigenetics modification on vascular smooth muscle cells play critical roles as well. Eventually, the overall pathophysiology of the cells is altered, resulting in the development of many major clinical diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, grafted venous atherosclerosis, and aneurysm, among others. In this paper, important advances in mechanical signal communication in vascular smooth muscle cells are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chaohong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Aria H, Kalani M, Hodjati H, Doroudchi M. Different cytokine patterns induced by Helicobacter pylori and Lactobacillus acidophilus extracts in PBMCs of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 70:101449. [PMID: 32126431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. AAA is characterized by abdominal aortic dilatation more than 3 cm and is often asymptomatic, but the rupture of aneurysm can lead to death. Age, smoking and male sex are major predisposing factors of AAA. This study compares the effect of Helicobacter (H.) pylori and Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus on the cytokine profile of PBMCs of 5 men with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 5 men with normal/insignificant angiography, CT-Scan and ultrasonography results in the single-culture and in the co-culture with HUVECs. IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17 F, IL-21, IL-22, IFN-γ and TNF-α were measured in culture supernatants using a commercial fluorescent-labeled-bead assay. In general, CagA+ H. pylori-extract induced higher production of IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-21 by PBMCs. Treatment of patients' PBMCs with CagA+H. pylori-extract induced Th2 cytokines while treatment of controls' PBMCs with CagA+H. pylori-extract increased Th1 cytokines. In the co-culture, however, patients' PBMCs produced Th1 cytokines irrespective of extract treatment, while controls' PBMCs produced Th2 cytokines and decreased IL-10. CagA+ H. pylori- as well as L. acidophilus-extract induced higher levels of IL-9 by controls' PBMCs in co-culture with HUVECs than patients (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01). The cytokine pattern of PBMCs induced by CagA+ H. pylori- and L. acidophilus-extracts in the co-culture with HUVECs shows differences in AAA patients and in comparison to controls. Decreased secretion of IL-9, IL-21 and IL-22 by PBMCs of patients treated with CagA+ H. pylori extract in co-culture, as opposed to non-AAA controls may indicate the active role ECs play in AAA. Simultaneous production of IL-10 and Th1 cytokines in patients and pronounced Th2 cytokines in controls in response to both bacteria may point to the inherent differences between patients and controls, which need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kalani
- Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Hodjati
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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16
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Wu SP, Anderson ML, Wang T, Zhou L, Emery OM, Li X, DeMayo FJ. Dynamic transcriptome, accessible genome, and PGR cistrome profiles in the human myometrium. FASEB J 2019; 34:2252-2268. [PMID: 31908010 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902654r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The myometrium undergoes structural and functional remodeling during pregnancy. We hypothesize that myometrial genomic elements alter correspondingly in preparation for parturition. Human myometrial tissues from nonpregnant (NP) and term pregnant (TP) human subjects were examined by RNAseq, ATACseq, and PGR ChIPseq assays to profile transcriptome, assessible genome, and PGR occupancy. NP and TP specimens exhibit 2890 differentially expressed genes, reflecting an increase of metabolic, inflammatory, and PDGF signaling, among others, in adaptation to pregnancy. At the epigenome level, patterns of accessible genome change between NP and TP myometrium, leading to the altered enrichment of binding motifs for hormone and muscle regulators such as the progesterone receptor (PGR), Krüppel-like factors, and MEF2A transcription factors. PGR genome occupancy exhibits a significant difference between the two stages of the myometrium, concomitant with distinct transcriptomic profiles including genes such as ENO1, LHDA, and PLCL1 in the glycolytic and calcium signaling pathways. Over-representation of SRF, MYOD, and STAT binding motifs in PGR occupying sites further suggests interactions between PGR and major muscle regulators for myometrial gene expression. In conclusion, changes in accessible genome and PGR occupancy are part of the myometrial remodeling process and may serve as mechanisms to formulate the state-specific transcriptome profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Matthew L Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine and Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Lecong Zhou
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Olivia M Emery
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Xilong Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive & Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
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17
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Systems Approach to Study Associations between OxLDL and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163909. [PMID: 31405245 PMCID: PMC6721018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common vascular disease and is associated with high mortality, the full pathogenesis of AAA remains unknown to researchers. Abdominal aortic aneurysms and atherosclerosis are strongly related. Currently, it is more often suggested that development of AAA is not a result of atherosclerosis, however, individual factors can act independently or synergistically with atherosclerosis. One of such factors is low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its oxidized form (oxLDL). It is known that oxLDL plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, thus, we decided to examine oxLDL impact on the development of AAA by creating two models using Petri-nets. The first, full model, contains subprocess of LDL oxidation and all subprocesses in which it participates, while the second, reduced model, does not contain them. The analysis of such models can be based on t-invariants. They correspond to subprocesses which do not change the state of the modeled system. Moreover, the knockout analysis has been used to estimate how crucial a selected transition (representing elementary subprocess) is, based on the number of excluded subprocesses as a result of its knockout. The results of the analysis of our models show that oxLDL affects 55.84% of subprocesses related to AAA development, but the analysis of the nets based on knockouts and simulation has shown that the influence of oxLDL on enlargement and rupture of AAA is negligible.
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18
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Fujita D, Preiss L, Aizawa K, Asch F, Eagle K, Suzuki T. Circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels are associated with aortic dimensions in genetic aortic conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214084. [PMID: 30883599 PMCID: PMC6422304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers that reflect progression of dilatation of the aorta in patients with aortic conditions are needed as surrogate tools to assist in monitoring the condition in a non-invasive manner in combination with imaging procedures. This study aimed to investigate whether biomarkers are associated with aortic dimensions in patients enrolled in the Genetically-Triggered Thoracic Aortic Conditions (GenTAC) registry. Methods Plasma samples of 159 patients enrolled in the GenTAC registry were assessed for circulating biomarkers [interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1)]. Association of circulating biomarker levels with aortic dimensions was investigated. Results IL-6 showed significant positive correlations with aortic dimensions at each segment of the aorta, with the correlation increasing in more distal aortic regions (ascending aorta, R = 0.26, p = 0.004; proximal arch, R = 0.35, p<0.0001; transverse arch, R = 0.30, p = 0.0005; mid-descending thoracic aorta, R = 0.40, p<0.0001; thoracoabdominal aorta, R = 0.38, p<0.0001; suprarenal abdominal aorta, R = 0.42, p<0.0001; and infrarenal aorta, R = 0.43, p<0.0001). TIMP-1 showed a significant correlation albeit weaker than IL-6, and also showed increasing correlation towards the distal areas of the aorta. Conclusions Circulating IL-6 and TIMP-1 were associated with aortic dimensions in patients with aortopathies enrolled in the GenTAC cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daishi Fujita
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Liliana Preiss
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenichi Aizawa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Federico Asch
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kim Eagle
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail: ,
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19
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Hibender S, Wanga S, van der Made I, Vos M, Mulder BJM, Balm R, de Vries CJM, de Waard V. Renal cystic disease in the Fbn1C1039G/+ Marfan mouse is associated with enhanced aortic aneurysm formation. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 38:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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20
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Cheng Z, Zhou YZ, Wu Y, Wu QY, Liao XB, Fu XM, Zhou XM. Diverse roles of macrophage polarization in aortic aneurysm: destruction and repair. J Transl Med 2018; 16:354. [PMID: 30545380 PMCID: PMC6293547 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm (AA) is defined as an enlargement of the aorta greater than 1.5 times its normal size. Early diagnosis of AA is challenging and mortality of AA is high. Curative pharmacological treatments for AA are still lacking, highlighting the need for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of AA progression. Accumulating studies have proven that the polarization state of circulating monocyte-derived macrophages plays a crucial role in regulating the development of AA. Distinct macrophage subtypes display different functions. Several studies targeting macrophage polarization during AA formation and progression showed potential treatment effects. In this review, we focus on the recent advances of research on macrophage polarization in the progression of AA and propose that targeting macrophage polarization could hold great promise for preventing and treating AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Zhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ying Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Ming Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Min Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Hadi T, Boytard L, Silvestro M, Alebrahim D, Jacob S, Feinstein J, Barone K, Spiro W, Hutchison S, Simon R, Rateri D, Pinet F, Fenyo D, Adelman M, Moore KJ, Eltzschig HK, Daugherty A, Ramkhelawon B. Macrophage-derived netrin-1 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by activating MMP3 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5022. [PMID: 30479344 PMCID: PMC6258757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) fragmentation and inflammation. However, the mechanisms by which these events are coupled thereby fueling focal vascular damage are undefined. Here we report through single-cell RNA-sequencing of diseased aorta that the neuronal guidance cue netrin-1 can act at the interface of macrophage-driven injury and ECM degradation. Netrin-1 expression peaks in human and murine aneurysmal macrophages. Targeted deletion of netrin-1 in macrophages protects mice from developing AAA. Through its receptor neogenin-1, netrin-1 induces a robust intracellular calcium flux necessary for the transcriptional regulation and persistent catalytic activation of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) by vascular smooth muscle cells. Deficiency in MMP3 reduces ECM damage and the susceptibility of mice to develop AAA. Here, we establish netrin-1 as a major signal that mediates the dynamic crosstalk between inflammation and chronic erosion of the ECM in AAA. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by extensive extracellular matrix degradation. Here Hadi et al. identify a netrin-1/neogenin-based crosstalk between macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to the secretion of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-3 by VSMCs and subsequent matrix degradation in AAA lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Hadi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ludovic Boytard
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Michele Silvestro
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Dornazsadat Alebrahim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Samson Jacob
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jordyn Feinstein
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Krista Barone
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Wes Spiro
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Susan Hutchison
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Russell Simon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Debra Rateri
- Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Florence Pinet
- University of Lille, Inserm U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59019, Lille, France
| | - David Fenyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mark Adelman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Department of Physiology and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Bhama Ramkhelawon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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