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de Souza FC, Miotelo L, Maloni G, Otero IVR, Nocelli RCF, Malaspina O. Thiamethoxam toxicity on the stingless bee Friesiomelitta varia: LC 50, survival time, and enzymatic biomarkers assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142853. [PMID: 39019173 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Bees play a crucial role as pollinating insects in both natural and cultivated areas. However, the use of pesticides, such as thiamethoxam, has been identified as a contributing factor compromising bee health. The current risk assessment primarily relies on the model species Apis mellifera, raising concerns about the applicability of these assessments to other bee groups, including stingless bees. In this study, we investigated the acute toxicity of thiamethoxam on the stingless bee Frieseomelitta varia by determining the average lethal concentration (LC50) and mean lethal time (LT50). Additionally, we evaluated the enzymatic profile of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Carboxylesterase-3 (CaE-3), and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), in the heads and abdomens of F. varia after exposure to thiamethoxam (LC50/10). The LC50 of thiamethoxam was determined to be 0.68 ng ai/μL, and the LT50 values were 37 days for the control group, 25 days at LC50/10, and 27 days at LC50/100. The thiamethoxam significantly decreased the survival time of F. varia. Furthermore, the enzymatic profile exhibited differences in CaE3 activity within one day in the heads and ten days in the abdomen. GST activity showed differences in the abdomen after one and five days of thiamethoxam exposure. These findings suggests that the abdomen is more affected than the head after oral exposure to thiamethoxam. Our study provides evidence of the toxicity of thiamethoxam at both the cellular and organismal levels, reinforcing the need to include non-Apis species in pollinator risk assessments. and provide solid arguments for bee protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Carolaine de Souza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro. Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Programa de pós graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Celular, Molecular e Microbiologia, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Miotelo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro. Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Programa de pós graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Celular, Molecular e Microbiologia, Brazil.
| | - Geovana Maloni
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro. Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Programa de pós graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Celular, Molecular e Microbiologia, Brazil.
| | - Igor Vinicius Ramos Otero
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro. Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Programa de pós graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Celular, Molecular e Microbiologia, Brazil.
| | | | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Rio Claro. Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Programa de pós graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Celular, Molecular e Microbiologia, Brazil.
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Bertrand C, Aviron S, Pelosi C, Faburé J, Le Perchec S, Mamy L, Rault M. Effects of plant protection products on ecosystem functions provided by terrestrial invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34534-w. [PMID: 39141266 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Plant protection products (PPP) are extensively used to protect plants against harmful organisms, but they also have unintended effects on non-target organisms, especially terrestrial invertebrates. The impact of PPP on ecosystem functions provided by these non-target invertebrates remains, however, unclear. The objectives of this article were to review PPP impacts on the ecosystem functions provided by pollinators, predators and parasitoids, and soil organisms, and to identify the factors that aggravate or mitigate PPP effects. The literature highlights that PPP alter several ecosystem functions: provision and maintenance of biodiversity, pollination, biotic interactions and habitat completeness in terrestrial ecosystems, and organic matter and soil structure dynamics. However, there are still a few studies dealing with ecosystem functions, with sometimes contradictory results, and consequences on agricultural provisioning services remain unclear. The model organisms used to assess PPP ecotoxicological effects are still limited, and should be expanded to better cover the wide functional diversity of terrestrial invertebrates. Data are lacking on PPP sublethal, transgenerational, and "cocktail" effects, and on their multitrophic consequences. In empirical assessments, studies on PPP unintended effects should consider agricultural-pedoclimatic contexts because they influence the responses of non-target organisms and associated ecosystem functions to PPP. Modeling might be a promising way to account for the complex interactions among PPP mixtures, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphanie Aviron
- INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, ESA, UMR 0980 BAGAP, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- UMR EMMAH, INRAE, Avignon Université, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Juliette Faburé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Magali Rault
- Univ Avignon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 Rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, IRD, France.
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3
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Drummond FA, Averill AL, Eitzer BD. Pesticide Contamination in Native North American Crops, Part II-Comparison of Flower, Honey Bee Workers, and Native Bee Residues in Lowbush Blueberry. INSECTS 2024; 15:567. [PMID: 39194772 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
In lowbush blueberry fields, we conducted residue analysis comparing flowers, trapped pollen (honey bee and Osmia spp.), and collected bees (honey bee workers, bumble bee queens, and non-Bombus spp. wild native bees). The study was conducted from 2012 to 2014. The number of pesticide residues, total concentrations, and risk to honey bees (Risk Quotient) on flowers were not significantly different from those determined for trapped honey bee pollen (except in one study year when residues detected in flower samples were significantly lower than residue numbers detected in trapped pollen). The compositions of residues were similar on flowers and trapped pollen. The number of residues detected in honey bee pollen was significantly greater than the number detected in Osmia spp. pollen, while the total concentration of residue was not different between the two types of pollen. The risk to honey bees was higher in trapped honey bee pollen than in trapped Osmia spp. pollen. The analysis of honey bee workers, native bumble bee queens, and native solitary bees showed that although more pesticide residues were detected on honey bee workers, there were no differences among the bee taxa in total residue concentrations or risk (as estimated in terms of risk to honey bees).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis A Drummond
- School of Biology and Ecology, and Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Anne L Averill
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Brian D Eitzer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
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4
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Misiewicz A, Filipiak ZM, Kadyrova K, Bednarska AJ. Combined effects of three insecticides with different modes of action on biochemical responses of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142233. [PMID: 38705404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Bees are simultaneously exposed to a variety of pesticides, which are often applied in mixtures and can cause lethal and sublethal effects. The combined effects of pesticides, however, are not measured in the current risk assessment schemes. Additionally, the sublethal effects of pesticides on a variety of physiological processes are poorly recognized in bees, especially in non-Apis solitary bees. In this study, we used a full-factorial design to examine the main and interactive effects of three insecticide formulations with different modes of action (Mospilan 20 SP, Sherpa 100 EC, and Dursban 480 EC) on bee biochemical processes. We measured acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and esterase (EST) activities, as well as a nonenzymatic biomarker associated with energy metabolism, i.e., ATP level. All studied endpoints were affected by Sherpa 100 EC, and the activities of AChE and EST as well as ATP levels were affected by Dursban 480 EC. Moreover, complex interactions between all three insecticides affected ATP levels, showing outcomes that cannot be predicted when testing each insecticide separately. The results indicate that even if interactive effects are sometimes difficult to interpret, there is a need to study such interactions if laboratory-generated toxicity data are to be extrapolated to field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Misiewicz
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna M Filipiak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Kadyrova
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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Botina LL, Barbosa WF, Martins GF. Toxicological Assessments of Agrochemicals in Stingless Bees in Brazil: a Systematic Review. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:480-489. [PMID: 38358646 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The growing concern with the decline of pollinators worldwide is centered on honey bees, due to their wide distribution, economic, and ecological importance. This type of concern remained less evident for stingless bees, which are widely distributed in the Neotropics, until recently. Since exposure to agrochemicals has been identified as one of the potential threats to bees, the present systematic review compiled information from toxicological evaluations in stingless bees in Brazil, home to a considerable portion of the existing species. This systematic review was performed considering species, research institutions, scientific journals, metrics, experimental set ups, and agrochemicals. The first article in this topic was published in 2010. Since then, 93 scientific papers were published, which showed that there are few species of stingless bees used for toxicological evaluations and Brazilian institutions lead these evaluations. Only 1.5% of the stingless bees' species that occur in Brazil were assessed through chronic exposure in the larval stage. The Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) is responsible for 37% of the total publications. The main route of exposure was acute, using adults in laboratory conditions. The main group of agrochemicals studied were insecticides, in particular the neonicotinoids. The current results reveal the advances achieved and point out the gaps that still need to be filled considering toxicological evaluations in stingless bees.
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Graham KK, McArt S, Isaacs R. High pesticide exposure and risk to bees in pollinator plantings adjacent to conventionally managed blueberry fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171248. [PMID: 38402956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Wildflower plantings adjacent to agricultural fields provide diverse floral resources and nesting sites for wild bees. However, their proximity to pest control activities in the crop may result in pesticide exposure if pesticides drift into pollinator plantings. To quantify pesticide residues in pollinator plantings, we sampled flowers and soil from pollinator plantings and compared them to samples from unenhanced field margins and crop row middles. At conventionally managed farms, flowers from pollinator plantings had similar exposure profiles to those from unenhanced field margins or crop row middles, with multiple pesticides and high and similar risk quotient (RQ) values (with pollinator planting RQ: 3.9; without pollinator planting RQ: 4.0). Whereas samples from unsprayed sites had significantly lower risk (RQ: 0.005). Soil samples had overall low risk to bees. Additionally, we placed bumble bee colonies (Bombus impatiens) in field margins of crop fields with and without pollinator plantings and measured residues in bee-collected pollen. Pesticide exposure was similar in pollen from sites with or without pollinator plantings, and risk was generally high (with pollinator planting RQ: 0.5; without pollinator planting RQ: 1.1) and not significant between the two field types. Risk was lower at sites where there was no pesticide activity (RQ: 0.3), but again there was no significant difference between management types. The insecticide phosmet, which is used on blueberry farms for control of Drosophila suzukii, accounted for the majority of elevated risk. Additionally, analysis of pollen collected by bumble bees found no significant difference in floral species richness between sites with or without pollinator plantings. Our results suggest that pollinator plantings do not reduce pesticide risk and do not increase pollen diversity collected by B. impatiens, further highlighting the need to reduce exposure through enhanced IPM adoption, drift mitigation, and removal of attractive flowering weeds prior to insecticide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey K Graham
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 202 CIPS, 578 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1410 N 800 E, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - Scott McArt
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 4129 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 202 CIPS, 578 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Baek S, Lee G, Park CG. Damage analysis of Pochazia shantungensis (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) in persimmons. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301471. [PMID: 38625892 PMCID: PMC11020831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
An invasive species, Pochazia shantungensis (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae), causes serious economic damage to fruit trees. In Korea, this pest is mainly managed using chemical insecticides. However, the management timing and insecticides for P. shantungensis negatively affect honeybee populations. Thus, this study estimated the decision-making level for P. shantungensis in persimmons to decrease insecticide application and increase management efficiency. We determined which developmental stage (i.e., egg, nymph, and adult) affected the damage-related factors (numbers of new shoots and fruit formations, and harvest amount) of persimmons using both spatial analyses and linear relationships. The distribution of P. shantungensis eggs was spatially correlated with the one of persimmon fruit number. However, we did not find any linear relationships between the densities of P. shantungensis eggs and damage-related factors of persimmons. Instead, we found that the density of P. shantungensis correlated with the death of oviposited branches. From the developed model of branch death possibility based on egg mass density, 5.75 egg masses per newly developed branch were proposed as the decision-making level. The findings would help increase the efficiency of P. shantungensis management in persimmon orchards and develop decision-making levels for other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Baek
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Convergence, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonu Lee
- Department of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, Chungnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Yesan-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gyu Park
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Convergence, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-Si, Republic of Korea
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8
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Ribas A, Botina LL, Araújo RDS, Vidigal ML, Cristina da Silva Alves B, Martins GF. Exploring honey bee toxicological data as a proxy for assessing dimethoate sensitivity in stingless bees. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141652. [PMID: 38462182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The high diversity and distinctive characteristics of stingless bees pose challenges in utilizing toxicity test results for agrochemical registrations. Toxicity assessments were performed on 15 stingless bee species, along with the honey bee, using the insecticide dimethoate, following adapted OECD protocols. Median lethal doses over 24 h (24 h-LD50) were determined for exposure routes (acute oral or contact) and species. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves were constructed and the 5% hazard doses (HD5) were estimated based on 24 h-LD50 values. The SSD curve was adjusted as the body weight and dimethoate response were correlated. Lighter bees (<10 mg) had lower 24 h-LD50 values. Contact exposure for adjusted HD5 suggested insufficient protection for Melipona mondury, whereas the oral exposure HD5 indicated no risks for the other 14 species. Comprehensive risk assessments are crucial for understanding the agrochemical impact on stingless bees, emphasizing the need for a broader species range in formulating conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Ribas
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Lisbetd Botina
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Renan Dos Santos Araújo
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78698-000, Pontal do Araguaia, MT, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Lordelo Vidigal
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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9
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Schwarz JM, Knauer AC, Alaux C, Barascou L, Barraud A, Dievart V, Ghazoul J, Michez D, Albrecht M. Diverse pollen nutrition can improve the development of solitary bees but does not mitigate negative pesticide impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169494. [PMID: 38142004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Floral resource loss and pesticide exposure are major threats to bees in intensively managed agroecosystems, but interactions among these drivers remain poorly understood. Altered composition and lowered diversity of pollen nutrition may reinforce negative pesticide impacts on bees. Here we investigated the development and survival of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis provisioned with three different pollen types, as well as a mixture of these types representing a higher pollen diversity. We exposed bees of each nutritional treatment to five pesticides at different concentrations in the laboratory. Two field-realistic concentrations of three nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulating insecticides (thiacloprid, sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone), as well as of two fungicides (azoxystrobin and tebuconazole) were examined. We further measured the expression of two detoxification genes (CYP9BU1, CYP9BU2) under exposure to thiacloprid across different nutrition treatments as a potential mechanistic pathway driving pesticide-nutrition interactions. We found that more diverse pollen nutrition reduced development time, enhanced pollen efficacy (cocoon weight divided by consumed pollen weight) and pollen consumption, and increased weight of O. bicornis after larval development (cocoon weight). Contrary to fungicides, high field-realistic concentrations of all three insecticides negatively affected O. bicornis by extending development times. Moreover, sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone also reduced pollen efficacy and cocoon weight, and sulfoxaflor reduced pollen consumption and increased mortality. The expression of detoxification genes differed across pollen nutrition types, but was not enhanced after exposure to thiacloprid. Our findings highlight that lowered diversity of pollen nutrition and high field-realistic exposure to nAChR modulating insecticides negatively affected the development of O. bicornis, but we found no mitigation of negative pesticide impacts through increased pollen diversity. These results have important implications for risk assessment for bee pollinators, indicating that negative effects of nAChR modulating insecticides to developing solitary bees are currently underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Schwarz
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Zurich, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Ecosystem Management, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anina C Knauer
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Alaux
- INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France
| | | | - Alexandre Barraud
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Jaboury Ghazoul
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Ecosystem Management, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Michez
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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Raine NE, Rundlöf M. Pesticide Exposure and Effects on Non- Apis Bees. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:551-576. [PMID: 37827173 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-040323-020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Bees are essential pollinators of many crops and wild plants, and pesticide exposure is one of the key environmental stressors affecting their health in anthropogenically modified landscapes. Until recently, almost all information on routes and impacts of pesticide exposure came from honey bees, at least partially because they were the only model species required for environmental risk assessments (ERAs) for insect pollinators. Recently, there has been a surge in research activity focusing on pesticide exposure and effects for non-Apis bees, including other social bees (bumble bees and stingless bees) and solitary bees. These taxa vary substantially from honey bees and one another in several important ecological traits, including spatial and temporal activity patterns, foraging and nesting requirements, and degree of sociality. In this article, we review the current evidence base about pesticide exposure pathways and the consequences of exposure for non-Apis bees. We find that the insights into non-Apis bee pesticide exposure and resulting impacts across biological organizations, landscapes, mixtures, and multiple stressors are still in their infancy. The good news is that there are many promising approaches that could be used to advance our understanding, with priority given to informing exposure pathways, extrapolating effects, and determining how well our current insights (limited to very few species and mostly neonicotinoid insecticides under unrealistic conditions) can be generalized to the diversity of species and lifestyles in the global bee community. We conclude that future research to expand our knowledge would also be beneficial for ERAs and wider policy decisions concerning pollinator conservation and pesticide regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel E Raine
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;
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11
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Paula MCD, Batista NR, Cunha DADS, Santos PGD, Antonialli-Junior WF, Cardoso CAL, Simionatto E. Impacts of the insecticide thiamethoxam on the native stingless bee Plebeia catamarcensis (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122742. [PMID: 37839683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural production and the indiscriminate use of insecticides such as thiamethoxam have put at risk the biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by bees, including native stingless species. Since most of the native species do not present economic importance, they may suffer "silent extinction", due to lack of monitoring of their colonies. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the lethal and sublethal concentrations of the insecticide thiamethoxam, with evaluation of its sublethal effects on mobility, in the stingless bee Plebeia catamarcensis (Holmberg, 1903). Foraging bees were collected and exposed to thiamethoxam to determine lethal (LC50) and sublethal concentrations. The 24 h LC50 was 0.408 ng a.i./μL, a value demonstrating that this species may be as sensitive as other stingless bees already studied. Sublethal concentrations influenced the locomotion abilities of the bees, making them hyperactive when exposed to LC50/10 and lethargic when exposed to LC50/100. The effects of sublethal concentrations on individuals may have collective consequences, especially in colonies with few individuals, as is the case of P. catamarcensis. The findings reinforce the hypothesis that thiamethoxam may contribute to the decline of native stingless bees, which can be significantly impacted when chronically exposed to agricultural production systems that use this insecticide, consequently affecting the ecosystem services provided by these bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Castro de Paula
- Laboratório de Óleos e Extratos (LAPOEX), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CEP, 79950-000, Naviraí, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), PC 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Nathan Rodrigues Batista
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental (LABECO), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CP 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), PC 533, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Dayana Alves da Silva Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), PC 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental (LABECO), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CP 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Poliana Galvão Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental (LABECO), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CP 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), PC 533, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - William Fernando Antonialli-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), PC 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental (LABECO), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CP 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), PC 533, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), PC 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Euclésio Simionatto
- Laboratório de Óleos e Extratos (LAPOEX), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), CEP, 79950-000, Naviraí, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Centro de Estudos em Recursos Naturais (CERNA), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), PC 351, CEP, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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12
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Zioga E, White B, Stout JC. Honey bees and bumble bees may be exposed to pesticides differently when foraging on agricultural areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:166214. [PMID: 37567302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In an agricultural environment, where crops are treated with pesticides, bees are likely to be exposed to a range of chemical compounds in a variety of ways. The extent to which different bee species are affected by these chemicals, largely depends on the concentrations and type of exposure. We quantified the presence of selected pesticide compounds in the pollen of two different entomophilous crops; oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and broad bean (Vicia faba). Sampling was performed in 12 sites in Ireland and our results were compared with the pollen loads of honey bees and bumble bees actively foraging on those crops in those same sites. Detections were compound specific, and the timing of pesticide application in relation to sampling likely influenced the final residue contamination levels. Most detections originated from compounds that were not recently applied on the fields, and samples from B. napus fields were more contaminated compared to those from V. faba fields. Crop pollen was contaminated only with fungicides, honey bee pollen loads contained mainly fungicides, while more insecticides were detected in bumble bee pollen loads. The highest number of compounds and most detections were observed in bumble bee pollen loads, where notably, all five neonicotinoids assessed (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) were detected despite the no recent application of these compounds on the fields where samples were collected. The concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides were positively correlated with the number of wild plant species present in the bumble bee-collected pollen samples, but this relationship could not be verified for honey bees. The compounds azoxystrobin, boscalid and thiamethoxam formed the most common pesticide combination in pollen. Our results raise concerns about potential long-term bee exposure to multiple residues and question whether honey bees are suitable surrogates for pesticide risk assessments for all bee species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zioga
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jane C Stout
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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13
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Paloschi CL, Tavares MHF, Berte EA, Model K, Rosa KM, Conceição FGD, Domanski FR, de Souza Vismara E, Montanher PF, Maciel RMA, Ribeiro LDS, Ramos Mertz N, Sampaio SC, Costa FM, Lozano ER, Potrich M. Imidacloprid: Impact on Africanized Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) workers and honey contamination. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139591. [PMID: 37478982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) is fundamental in the production chain, ensuring food diversity through the ecosystem service of pollination. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of imidacloprid, orally, topically, and by contact, on A. mellifera workers and to verify the presence of this active ingredient in honey. Toxicity levels were verified by bioassays. In bioassay 1, the levels correspond to the percentages of 100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01% of the recommended concentration for field application of the commercial product Nortox® (active ingredient imidacloprid), with which we obtained the mean lethal concentration (LC50) in 48 h for A. mellifera, determining the concentration ranges to be used in the subsequent bioassays. Bioassays 2 and 3 followed the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which specify the LC50 (48 h). In bioassay 4, the LC50 (48 h) and the survival rate of bees for a period of 120 h were determined by contact with a surface contaminated with imidacloprid, and in bioassay 5, the interference of the insecticide with the flight behavior of bees was evaluated. Honey samples were collected in agroecological and conventional georeferenced apiaries and traces of the imidacloprid were detected by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) with extraction by SPE C18. Bee survival was directly affected by the concentration and exposure time, as well behavioral performance, demonstrating the residual effect of imidacloprid on A. mellifera workers. Honey samples from a conventional apiary showed detection above the maximum residue limits (MRL) allowed by the European Union (0.05 μg mL-1), but samples from other apiaries showed no traces of this insecticide. Imidacloprid affects the survival rate and behavior of Africanized A. mellifera and honey quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kathleen Model
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michele Potrich
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil.
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14
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Zilnik G, Bergeron PE, Chuang A, Diepenbrock L, Hanel A, Middleton E, Moretti E, Schmidt-Jeffris R. Meta-Analysis of Herbicide Non-Target Effects on Pest Natural Enemies. INSECTS 2023; 14:787. [PMID: 37887799 PMCID: PMC10607068 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A critical component of integrated pest management is minimizing disruption of biological control by reducing the use of pesticides with significant non-target effects on natural enemies. Insecticide non-target effects testing for natural enemies has become increasingly common, but research examining the non-target effects of herbicides on natural enemies is scarce, and recommendations regarding herbicide selectivity are non-existent. We used meta-analysis to summarize laboratory bioassays testing non-target effects of herbicides on arthropod natural enemies and identify patterns in taxon susceptibility and active ingredient toxicity. Data were extracted from 78 papers representing 801 total observations. Herbicides increased natural enemy mortality and decreased longevity, reproduction, and predation. Mesostigmatan mites and hemipterans were the most sensitive to herbicides, and spiders, neuropterans, and hymenopterans were the least sensitive. Mortality was higher in juvenile predators versus parasitoids but did not differ between adults; parasitoid juveniles are likely better protected within the host. In terms of acute mortality, metribuzin, glufosinate, and oxyfluorfen were the most harmful herbicides. Only nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, pendimethalin, phenmedipham, atrazine, and urea did not increase natural enemy mortality. The large effect size of glufosinate is particularly concerning, as it is the most likely replacement herbicide for glyphosate in many crops. Many active ingredients remain under-studied. Our analysis indicates that herbicides have a strong potential to disrupt biological control in cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zilnik
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Crop Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA; (E.M.); (R.S.-J.)
| | - Paul E. Bergeron
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 166 FSHN 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.E.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Angela Chuang
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (A.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Lauren Diepenbrock
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; (A.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Aldo Hanel
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 166 FSHN 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.E.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Eric Middleton
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, 9335 Hazard Way Suite 201, San Diego, CA 92123, USA;
| | - Erica Moretti
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Crop Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA; (E.M.); (R.S.-J.)
| | - Rebecca Schmidt-Jeffris
- Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Crop Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, WA 98951, USA; (E.M.); (R.S.-J.)
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15
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Gomes IN, Gontijo LM, Lima MAP, Zanuncio JS, Resende HC. The survival and flight capacity of commercial honeybees and endangered stingless bees are impaired by common agrochemicals. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:937-947. [PMID: 37733275 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The impact of agrochemicals on native Brazilian bees may be underestimated, since studies of non-target effects on bees have, by and large, concerned mostly the Apis mellifera L. Furthermore, bees may be exposed in the field to multiple agrochemicals through different routes, thus suggesting the necessity for more comprehensive toxicological experiments. Here, we assessed the lethal and sublethal toxicity of multiple agrochemicals (herbicide [glyphosate - Roundup®], fungicide [mancozeb], insecticide [thiamethoxam]) through distinct routes of exposure (contact or ingestion) to an endangered native Brazilian bee Melipona (Michmelia) capixaba Moure & Camargo, 1994 and to A. mellifera. Results indicate that none of the agrochemicals caused feeding repellency on the bees. Thiamethoxam caused high mortality of both species, regardless of the route of exposure or the dose used. In addition, thiametoxam altered the flight capacity of M. capixaba when exposed to the lowest dose via contact exposure. The field dose of glyphosate caused high mortality of both bee species after oral exposure as well as impaired the flight capacity of A. mellifera (ingestion exposure) and M. capixaba (contact exposure). The lower dose of glyphosate also impaired the flight of M. capixaba through either routes of exposure. Exposure of A. mellifera through contact and ingestion to both doses of mancozeb caused high mortality and significantly impaired flight capacity. Taken altogether, the results highlight the importance of testing the impact of multiple agrochemicals (i.e. not just insecticides) through different routes of exposure in order to understand more comprehensively the potential risks for Apis and non-Apis bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid N Gomes
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Manejo e Conservação de Ecossistemas Naturais e Agrários, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Genética da Conservação de Abelhas - LaBee. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil.
- Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação, Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lessando Moreira Gontijo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Manejo e Conservação de Ecossistemas Naturais e Agrários, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil
| | | | - José Salazar Zanuncio
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural-Incaper, Fazenda Experimental Mendes da Fonseca, Domingos Martins, ES, Brazil
| | - Helder Canto Resende
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Manejo e Conservação de Ecossistemas Naturais e Agrários, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética da Conservação de Abelhas - LaBee. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil
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16
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Botina LL, Barbosa WF, Acosta JPL, Bernardes RC, Cortes JEQ, Pylro VS, Mendonça AC, Barbosa RC, Lima MAP, Martins GF. The impact of early-life exposure to three agrochemicals on survival, behavior, and gut microbiota of stingless bees (Partamona helleri). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27385-4. [PMID: 37147541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, agrochemicals have been partially associated with a global reduction in bees' population. Toxicological assessment is therefore crucial for understanding the overall agrochemical risks to stingless bees. Therefore, the lethal and sublethal effects of agrochemicals commonly used in crops (copper sulfate, glyphosate, and spinosad) on the behavior and gut microbiota of the stingless bee, Partamona helleri, were assessed using chronic exposure during the larval stage. When used at the field-recommended rates, both copper sulfate (200 µg of active ingredient/bee; a.i µg bee-1) and spinosad (8.16 a.i µg bee-1) caused a decrease in bee survival, while glyphosate (148 a.i µg bee-1) did not show any significant effects. No significant adverse effects on bee development were observed in any treatment with CuSO4 or glyphosate, but spinosad (0.08 or 0.03 a.i µg bee -1) increased the number of deformed bees and reduced their body mass. Agrochemicals changed the behavior of bees and composition of the gut microbiota of adult bees, and metals such as copper accumulated in the bees' bodies. The response of bees to agrochemicals depends on the class or dose of the ingested compound. In vitro rearing of stingless bees' larvae is a useful tool to elucidate the sublethal effects of agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Lisbetd Botina
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Faria Barbosa
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Lima Acosta
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Victor Satler Pylro
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana Corrêa Mendonça
- Departamento de Ciência de Solos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
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17
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Sampson B, Gregorc A, Alburaki M, Werle C, Karim S, Adamczyk J, Knight P. Sensitivity to imidacloprid insecticide varies among some social and solitary bee species of agricultural value. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285167. [PMID: 37134100 PMCID: PMC10155993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollinator health risks from long-lasting neonicotinoid insecticides like imidacloprid has primarily focused on commercially managed, cavity-nesting bees in the genera Apis, Bombus, and Osmia. We expand these assessments to include 12 species of native and non-native crop pollinators of differing levels of body size, sociality, and floral specialization. Bees were collected throughout 2016 and 2017 from flowering blueberry, squash, pumpkin, sunflower and okra in south Mississippi, USA. Within 30-60 minutes of capture, bees were installed in bioassay cages made from transparent plastic cups and dark amber jars. Bees were fed via dental wicks saturated with 27% (1.25 M) sugar syrup containing a realistic range of sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid (0, 5, 20, or 100 ppb) that are often found in nectar. Bees displayed no visible tremors or convulsions except for a small sweat bee, Halictus ligatus, and only at 100ppb syrup. Imidacloprid shortened the captive longevities of the solitary bees. Tolerant bee species lived ~10 to 12 days in the bioassays and included two social and one solitary species: Halictus ligatus, Apis mellifera and Ptilothrix bombiformis (rose mallow bees), respectively. No other bee species tolerated imidacloprid as well as honey bees did, which exhibited no appreciable mortality and only modest paralysis across concentration. In contrast, native bees either lived shorter lives, experienced longer paralysis, or endured both. Overall, longevity decreased with concentration linearly for social bees and non-linearly for solitary species. The percentage of a bee's captive lifespan spent paralyzed increased logarithmically with concentration for all species, although bumble bees suffered longest. Of greatest concern was comparable debilitation of agriculturally valuable solitary bees at both low and high sublethal rates of imidacloprid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair Sampson
- USDA-ARS Thad Cochran Southern Horticultural Laboratory, Poplarville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Aleš Gregorc
- Department of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mohamed Alburaki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Christopher Werle
- USDA-ARS Thad Cochran Southern Horticultural Laboratory, Poplarville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Shahid Karim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - John Adamczyk
- USDA-ARS Thad Cochran Southern Horticultural Laboratory, Poplarville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Patricia Knight
- Mississippi State University, Coastal Research and Extension Center, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
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18
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Kaila L, Antinoja A, Toivonen M, Jalli M, Loukola OJ. Oral exposure to thiacloprid-based pesticide (Calypso SC480) causes physical poisoning symptoms and impairs the cognitive abilities of bumble bees. BMC Ecol Evol 2023; 23:9. [PMID: 37020270 PMCID: PMC10077645 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-023-02111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides are identified as one of the major reasons for the global pollinator decline. However, the sublethal effects of pesticide residue levels found in pollen and nectar on pollinators have been studied little. The aim of our research was to study whether oral exposure to the thiacloprid levels found in pollen and nectar affect the learning and long-term memory of bumble bees. We tested the effects of two exposure levels of thiacloprid-based pesticide (Calypso SC480) on buff-tailed bumble bee (Bombus terrestris) in laboratory utilizing a learning performance and memory tasks designed to be difficult enough to reveal large variations across the individuals. RESULTS The lower exposure level of the thiacloprid-based pesticide impaired the bees' learning performance but not long-term memory compared to the untreated controls. The higher exposure level caused severe acute symptoms, due to which we were not able to test the learning and memory. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that oral exposure to a thiacloprid-based pesticide, calculated based on residue levels found in pollen and nectar, not only causes sublethal effects but also acute lethal effects on bumble bees. Our study underlines an urgent demand for better understanding of pesticide residues in the environment, and of the effects of those residue levels on pollinators. These findings fill the gap in the existing knowledge and help the scientific community and policymakers to enhance the sustainable use of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Kaila
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anna Antinoja
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst of Entomology, and Univ. of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marjaana Toivonen
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Biodiversity Centre, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Jalli
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Olli J Loukola
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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19
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Stuligross C, Melone GG, Wang L, Williams NM. Sublethal behavioral impacts of resource limitation and insecticide exposure reinforce negative fitness outcomes for a solitary bee. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161392. [PMID: 36621507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary landscapes present numerous challenges for bees and other beneficial insects that play critical functional roles in natural ecosystems and agriculture. Pesticides and the loss of food resources from flowering plants are two stressors known to act together to impair bee fitness. The impact of these stressors on key behaviors like foraging and nesting can limit pollination services and population persistence, making it critical to understand these sublethal effects. We investigated the effects of insecticide exposure and floral resource limitation on the foraging and nesting behavior of the solitary blue orchard bee, Osmia lignaria. Bees in field cages foraged on wildflowers at high or low densities, some treated with the common insecticide, imidacloprid, in a fully crossed design. Both stressors influenced behavior, but they had differential impacts. Bees with limited food resources made fewer, but longer foraging trips and misidentified their nests more often. Insecticide exposure reduced bee foraging activity. Additionally, insecticides interacted with bee age to influence antagonistic behavior among neighboring females, such that insecticide-exposed bees were less antagonistic with age. Our findings point towards mechanisms underlying effects on populations and ecosystem function and reinforce the importance of studying multiple drivers to understand the consequences of anthropogenic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Stuligross
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Grace G Melone
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Neal M Williams
- Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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20
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Catania R, Lima MAP, Potrich M, Sgolastra F, Zappalà L, Mazzeo G. Are Botanical Biopesticides Safe for Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)? INSECTS 2023; 14:247. [PMID: 36975932 PMCID: PMC10053700 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The recent global decline in insect populations is of particular concern for pollinators. Wild and managed bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) are of primary environmental and economic importance because of their role in pollinating cultivated and wild plants, and synthetic pesticides are among the major factors contributing to their decline. Botanical biopesticides may be a viable alternative to synthetic pesticides in plant defence due to their high selectivity and short environmental persistence. In recent years, scientific progress has been made to improve the development and effectiveness of these products. However, knowledge regarding their adverse effects on the environment and non-target species is still scarce, especially when compared to that of synthetic products. Here, we summarize the studies concerning the toxicity of botanical biopesticides on the different groups of social and solitary bees. We highlight the lethal and sublethal effects of these products on bees, the lack of a uniform protocol to assess the risks of biopesticides on pollinators, and the scarcity of studies on specific groups of bees, such as the large and diverse group of solitary bees. Results show that botanical biopesticides cause lethal effects and a large number of sublethal effects on bees. However, the toxicity is limited when comparing the effects of these compounds with those of synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Catania
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Augusta Pereira Lima
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Michele Potrich
- Laboratório de Controle Biológico, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná—Dois Vizinhos (UTFPR-DV), Paraná 85660-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio Sgolastra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Zappalà
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetana Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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21
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Taenzler V, Weyers A, Maus C, Ebeling M, Levine S, Cabrera A, Schmehl D, Gao Z, Rodea-Palomares I. Acute toxicity of pesticide mixtures to honey bees is generally additive, and well predicted by Concentration Addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159518. [PMID: 36270350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the frequency of non-additive effects of pesticides (synergism and antagonism) is important in the context of risk assessment. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of non-additive effects of pesticides to honey bees (Apis mellifera). We investigated a large set of mixtures including insecticides and fungicides of different chemical modes of action and classes. The mixtures included represent a relevant sample of pesticides that are currently used globally. We investigated whether the experimental toxicity of the mixtures could be predicted based on the Concentration Addition (CA) model for acute contact and oral adult bee toxicity tests. We measured the degree of deviation from the additivity predictions of the experimental toxicity based on the well-known Mixture Deviation Ratio (MDR). Further, we investigated the appropriate MDR thresholds that should be used for the identification of non-additive effects based on acceptable rates for false positive (alpha) and true positive (beta) findings. We found that a deviation factor of MDR = 5 is a sound reference for labeling potential non-additive effects in acute adult bee experimental designs when assuming a typical Coefficient of Variation (CV%) = 100 in the determination of the LD50 of a pesticide (a factor of 2× deviation in the LD 50 resulting from inter-experimental variability). We found that only 2.4 % and 9 % of the mixtures evaluated had an MDR > 5 and MDR < 0.2, respectively. The frequency and magnitude of deviation from additivity found for bees in this study are consistent with those of other terrestrial and aquatic taxa. Our findings suggest that additivity is a good baseline for predicting the toxicity of pesticide mixtures to bees, and that the rare cases of synergy of pesticide mixtures to bees are not random but have a mechanistic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Taenzler
- Bayer AG, Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Arnd Weyers
- Bayer AG, Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Christian Maus
- Bayer AG, Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Markus Ebeling
- Bayer AG, Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Steven Levine
- Bayer CropScience LP, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Ana Cabrera
- Bayer CropScience LP, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Daniel Schmehl
- Bayer CropScience LP, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Zhenglei Gao
- Bayer AG, Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
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22
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Rondeau S, Willis Chan DS, Pindar A. Identifying wild bee visitors of major crops in North America with notes on potential threats from agricultural practices. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.943237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the critical importance of insect pollination to food security and documented declines in wild bee populations, it is imperative to develop effective conservation and management strategies that promote the health of wild bee communities associated with agroecosystems. Identifying wild bee visitors of crops, including crop-flower visitors and species that nest within cropping areas, may prove critical to this endeavor as optimal conservation strategies may differ among bee species and/or guilds, regions, and cropping systems. Although lists of bee species that are associated with North American crops are scattered throughout the literature, there is a need for a comprehensive compilation of those species by crop, region, and nesting guild. Here, we searched the literature to compile a list of wild bee species associated with 33 major crops in North America and assessed the overlap in bee species communities among crops and regions. Of the 739 crop-associated bee species retrieved, 405 species (54.8%) were ground nesters, and 438 species (59.3%) were identified as crop-flower visitors of at least one crop. Because of their nesting and foraging behavior, we argue that these species are more likely to be exposed to agricultural pesticide residues than bee species that do not nest in the ground or feed directly on crop flowers. We further compiled lists of wild bees that have been found to be associated with all of the four most surveyed perennial fruit crops (apple, blueberry, cranberry, strawberry) and all of the three most surveyed cucurbit crops (cucumber, Cucurbita, watermelon) in eastern North America. These lists of bee species can be used to focus attention on species needing better protection strategies within agroecosystems, especially for these two important North American crop groups and can also inform the development of multi-species pesticide risk assessment schemes.
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23
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Al Naggar Y, Estrella-Maldonado H, Paxton RJ, Solís T, Quezada-Euán JJG. The Insecticide Imidacloprid Decreases Nannotrigona Stingless Bee Survival and Food Consumption and Modulates the Expression of Detoxification and Immune-Related Genes. INSECTS 2022; 13:972. [PMID: 36354796 PMCID: PMC9699362 DOI: 10.3390/insects13110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stingless bees are ecologically and economically important species in the tropics and subtropics, but there has been little research on the characterization of detoxification systems and immune responses within them. This is critical for understanding their responses to, and defenses against, a variety of environmental stresses, including agrochemicals. Therefore, we studied the detoxification and immune responses of a stingless bee, Nanotrigona perilampoides, which is an important stingless bee that is widely distributed throughout Mexico, including urban areas, and has the potential to be used in commercial pollination. We first determined the LC50 of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid for foragers of N. perilampoides, then chronically exposed bees for 10 days to imidacloprid at two field-realistic concentrations, LC10 (0.45 ng/µL) or LC20 (0.74 ng/µL), which are respectively 2.7 and 1.3-fold lower than the residues of imidacloprid that have been found in honey (6 ng/g) in central Mexico. We found that exposing N. perilampoides stingless bees to imidacloprid at these concentrations markedly reduced bee survival and food consumption, revealing the great sensitivity of this stingless bee to the insecticide in comparison to honey bees. The expression of detoxification (GSTD1) and immune-related genes (abaecin, defensin1, and hymenopteacin) in N. perilampoides also changed over time in response to imidacloprid. Gene expression was always lower in bees after 8 days of exposure to imidacloprid (LC10 or LC20) than it was after 4 days. Our results demonstrate that N. perilampoides stingless bees are extremely sensitive to imidacloprid, even at low concentrations, and provide greater insight into how stingless bees respond to pesticide toxicity. This is the first study of its kind to look at detoxification systems and immune responses in Mexican stingless bees, an ecologically and economically important taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Al Naggar
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Humberto Estrella-Maldonado
- Departamento de Apicultura Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida CP 97100, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Ixtacuaco, Km 4.5 Carretera Martínez de la Torre-Tlapacoyan, Tlapacoyan CP 93600, Mexico
| | - Robert J. Paxton
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Teresita Solís
- Departamento de Apicultura Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida CP 97100, Mexico
| | - J. Javier G. Quezada-Euán
- Departamento de Apicultura Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida CP 97100, Mexico
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24
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Klein O, Roessink I, Elston C, Franke L, Jütte T, Knäbe S, Lückmann J, van der Steen J, Allan MJ, Alscher A, Amsel K, Cornement M, Exeler N, Guerola JS, Hodapp B, Jenkins C, Kimmel S, Tänzler V. Results of Ring-Testing of a Semifield Study Design to Investigate Potential Impacts of Crop Protection Products on Bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and a Proposal of a Potential Test Design. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2548-2564. [PMID: 35815475 PMCID: PMC9804372 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, the risk assessment for bees at the European Union or national level has always focussed on potential impacts on honeybees. During the revision of the European Food Safety Authority bee guidance it was explicitly stated that bumblebees and solitary bees should be considered as well and consequently concerns were raised regarding the representativeness of honeybees for these other bee species. These concerns originate from differences in size as well as differences in behavioral and life history traits of other bee species. In response to this concern, the non-Apis working group of the International Commission for Plant-Pollinator Relationships initiated a ring-test of a semifield tunnel study design using the bumblebee Bombus terrestris. Nine laboratories participated, validating and improving the proposed design over a 2-year period. The intention of the ring-test experiments was to develop and if possible, establish a test protocol to conduct more standardized semifield tests with bumblebees. In the present study, the results of the ring-tests are summarized and discussed to give recommendations for a promising experimental design. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2548-2564. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Klein
- Eurofins Agroscience Services EcotoxNiefern‐ÖschelbronnGermany
| | - Ivo Roessink
- Wageningen Environmental ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Elston
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre BracknellBerkshireUK
| | - Lea Franke
- Eurofins Agroscience Services EcotoxNiefern‐ÖschelbronnGermany
| | - Tobias Jütte
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn‐Institut Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Silvio Knäbe
- Eurofins Agroscience Services EcotoxNiefern‐ÖschelbronnGermany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bettina Hodapp
- Innovative Environmental Services (IES)WitterswilSwitzerland
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25
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Batista NR, Oliveira VESD, Crispim PD, Nocelli RCF, Antonialli-Junior WF. Is the social wasp Polybia paulista a silent victim of neonicotinoid contamination? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119682. [PMID: 35760200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are among the chemicals most widely used against insects considered agricultural pests, although they may also affect nontarget species, as has been reported for social bees. Social wasps are recognized as efficient predators of larvae of other insects, including pest species, so they may have contact with insecticides, at least indirectly. However, to date, there have been no studies investigating the consequences for social wasps of the use of neonicotinoids. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain the topical and oral acute lethal mean doses of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, as well as to evaluate the effects of sublethal contamination, for the social wasp Polybia paulista. Foraging wasps were exposed orally and topically, with monitoring of their mortality after 24 and 48 h, in order to calculate the LD50 values. Other wasps were then exposed with sublethal doses, in order to evaluate the effects of contamination on their mobility. The results indicated that P. paulista workers are as sensitive to thiamethoxam contamination as several nontarget species studied previously. Exposure to a sublethal dose (LD10) negatively affected their mobility. It could be concluded that social wasp colonies may be as much affected by exposure to neonicotinoids as social bees. Further toxicological studies should be conducted, evaluating other parameters and different species, in order to understand the extent of the problems faced by these insects due to the use of neonicotinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Rodrigues Batista
- Centro de Estudos Em Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Edson Soares de Oliveira
- Centro de Estudos Em Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paula Danyelle Crispim
- Centro de Estudos Em Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | - William Fernando Antonialli-Junior
- Centro de Estudos Em Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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26
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Straub L, Strobl V, Yañez O, Albrecht M, Brown MJ, Neumann P. Do pesticide and pathogen interactions drive wild bee declines? Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 18:232-243. [PMID: 35800107 PMCID: PMC9253050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is clear evidence for wild insect declines globally. Habitat loss, climate change, pests, pathogens and environmental pollution have all been shown to cause detrimental effects on insects. However, interactive effects between these stressors may be the key to understanding reported declines. Here, we review the literature on pesticide and pathogen interactions for wild bees, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest avenues for future research fostering mitigation of the observed declines. The limited studies available suggest that effects of pesticides most likely override effects of pathogens. Bees feeding on flowers and building sheltered nests, are likely less adapted to toxins compared to other insects, which potential susceptibility is enhanced by the reduced number of genes encoding detoxifying enzymes compared with other insect species. However, to date all 10 studies using a fully-crossed design have been conducted in the laboratory on social bees using Crithidia spp. or Nosema spp., identifying an urgent need to test solitary bees and other pathogens. Similarly, since laboratory studies do not necessarily reflect field conditions, semi-field and field studies are essential if we are to understand these interactions and their potential effects in the real-world. In conclusion, there is a clear need for empirical (semi-)field studies on a range of pesticides, pathogens, and insect species to better understand the pathways and mechanisms underlying their potential interactions, in particular their relevance for insect fitness and population dynamics. Such data are indispensable to drive forward robust modelling of interactive effects in different environmental settings and foster predictive science. This will enable pesticide and pathogen interactions to be put into the context of other stressors more broadly, evaluating their relative importance in driving the observed declines of wild bees and other insects. Ultimately, this will enable the development of more effective mitigation measures to protect bees and the ecosystem services they supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Straub
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Verena Strobl
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Orlando Yañez
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark J.F. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Bee Research Centre, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
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27
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Schwarz JM, Knauer AC, Allan MJ, Dean RR, Ghazoul J, Tamburini G, Wintermantel D, Klein AM, Albrecht M. No evidence for impaired solitary bee fitness following pre-flowering sulfoxaflor application alone or in combination with a common fungicide in a semi-field experiment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107252. [PMID: 35483184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is considered a major driver of pollinator decline and the use of neonicotinoid insecticides has been restricted by regulatory authorities due to their risks for pollinators. Impacts of new alternative sulfoximine-based compounds on solitary bees and their potential interactive effects with other commonly applied pesticides in agriculture remain unclear. Here, we conducted a highly replicated full-factorial semi-field experiment with the solitary bee Osmia bicornis, an important pollinator of crops and wild plants in Europe, and Phacelia tanacetifolia as a model crop. We show that spray applications of the insecticide sulfoxaflor (product Closer) and the fungicide azoxystrobin (product Amistar), both alone and combined, had no significant negative impacts on adult female survival or the production, mortality, sex ratio and body size of offspring when sulfoxaflor was applied five days before crop flowering. Our results indicate that for O. bicornis (1) the risk of adverse impacts of sulfoxaflor (Closer) on fitness is small when applied at least five days before crop flowering and (2) that azoxystrobin (Amistar) has a low potential of exacerbating sulfoxaflor effects under field-realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Melanie Schwarz
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Zurich, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Ecosystem Management, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anina C Knauer
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Robin R Dean
- Red Beehive Company, Bishops Waltham, United Kingdom
| | - Jaboury Ghazoul
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Ecosystem Management, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Tamburini
- University of Freiburg, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Freiburg, Germany; University of Bari, Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA - Entomology), Bari, Italy
| | - Dimitry Wintermantel
- University of Freiburg, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- University of Freiburg, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Bernardes RC, Botina LL, Araújo RDS, Guedes RNC, Martins GF, Lima MAP. Artificial Intelligence-Aided Meta-Analysis of Toxicological Assessment of Agrochemicals in Bees. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.845608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of consensus regarding pollinator decline in various parts of the planet has generated intense debates in different spheres. Consequently, much research has attempted to identify the leading causes of this decline, and a multifactorial synergism (i.e., different stressors acting together and mutually potentiating the harmful effects) seems to be the emerging consensus explaining this phenomenon. The emphasis on some stressor groups such as agrochemicals, and pollinators such as the honey bee Apis mellifera, can hide the real risk of anthropogenic stressors on pollinating insects. In the present study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify general and temporal trends in publications, considering the different groups of pollinators and their exposure to agrochemicals over the last 76 years. Through an artificial intelligence (AI)-aided meta-analysis, we quantitatively assessed trends in publications on bee groups and agrochemicals. Using AI tools through machine learning enabled efficient evaluation of a large volume of published articles. Toxicological assessment of the impact of agrochemicals on insect pollinators is dominated by the order Hymenoptera, which includes honey bees. Although honey bees are well-explored, there is a lack of published articles exploring the toxicological assessment of agrochemicals for bumble bees, solitary bees, and stingless bees. The data gathered provide insights into the current scenario of the risk of pollinator decline imposed by agrochemicals and serve to guide further research in this area.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://asreview.nl/.
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29
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Mundy-Heisz KA, Prosser RS, Raine NE. Acute oral toxicity and risks of four classes of systemic insecticide to the Common Eastern Bumblebee (Bombus impatiens). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133771. [PMID: 35120955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Common Eastern Bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) is native to North America with an expanding range across Eastern Canada and the USA. This species is commercially produced primarily for greenhouse crop pollination and is a common and abundant component of the wild bumblebee fauna in agricultural, suburban and urban landscapes. However, there is a dearth of pesticide toxicity information about North American bumblebees. The present study determined the acute oral lethal toxicity (48-h LD50) of: the butenolide, flupyradifurone (>1.7 μg/bee); the diamide, cyantraniliprole (>0.54 μg/bee); the neonicotinoid, thiamethoxam (0.0012 μg/bee); and the sulfoximine, sulfoxaflor (0.0177 μg/bee). Compared with published honey bee (Apis mellifera) LD50 values, the present study shows that sulfoxaflor and thiamethoxam are 8.3× and 3.3× more acutely toxic to B. impatiens, whereas flupyradifurone is more acutely toxic to A. mellifera. The current rule of thumb for toxicity extrapolation beyond the honey bee as a model species, termed 10× safety factor, may be sufficient for bumblebee acute oral toxicity. A comparison of five risk assessment equations suggested that the Standard Risk Approach (SRA) and Fixed Dose Risk Approach (FDRA) provide more nuanced levels of risk evaluation compared to the Exposure Toxicity Ratio (ETR), Hazard Quotient (HQ), and Risk Quotient (RQ), primarily because the SRA and FDRA take into account real world variability in pollen and nectar pesticide residues and the chances that bees may be exposed to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A Mundy-Heisz
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ryan S Prosser
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nigel E Raine
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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30
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Pardee GL, Griffin SR, Stemkovski M, Harrison T, Portman ZM, Kazenel MR, Lynn JS, Inouye DW, Irwin RE. Life-history traits predict responses of wild bees to climate variation. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212697. [PMID: 35440209 PMCID: PMC9019520 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history traits, which are physical traits or behaviours that affect growth, survivorship and reproduction, could play an important role in how well organisms respond to environmental change. By looking for trait-based responses within groups, we can gain a mechanistic understanding of why environmental change might favour or penalize certain species over others. We monitored the abundance of at least 154 bee species for 8 consecutive years in a subalpine region of the Rocky Mountains to ask whether bees respond differently to changes in abiotic conditions based on their life-history traits. We found that comb-building cavity nesters and larger bodied bees declined in relative abundance with increasing temperatures, while smaller, soil-nesting bees increased. Further, bees with narrower diet breadths increased in relative abundance with decreased rainfall. Finally, reduced snowpack was associated with reduced relative abundance of bees that overwintered as prepupae whereas bees that overwintered as adults increased in relative abundance, suggesting that overwintering conditions might affect body size, lipid content and overwintering survival. Taken together, our results show how climate change may reshape bee pollinator communities, with bees with certain traits increasing in abundance and others declining, potentially leading to novel plant-pollinator interactions and changes in plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella L Pardee
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sean R Griffin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael Stemkovski
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Tina Harrison
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70501, USA
| | - Zachary M Portman
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108
| | - Melanie R Kazenel
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Joshua S Lynn
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - David W Inouye
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rebecca E Irwin
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO 81224, USA
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31
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Kaila L, Ketola J, Toivonen M, Loukola O, Hakala K, Raiskio S, Hurme T, Jalli M. Pesticide residues in honeybee-collected pollen: does the EU regulation protect honeybees from pesticides? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:18225-18244. [PMID: 34689272 PMCID: PMC8873129 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Researchers globally identify pesticides as one of the main reasons for pollinator decline. In the European Union (EU), extensive legislation is implemented to protect pollinators from harmful pesticide exposure. The aim of our study was to discover whether the pesticide residue levels in honeybee matrices, such as nectar and pollen, exceeded the chronic or acute toxicity levels when beehives were located next to fields treated with specific insecticides. The insecticides were used according to the EU legislation and its national implementation. The experiments were conducted in turnip rape, oilseed rape, and caraway fields in southern Finland during the years 2019 and 2020. The pesticides used in the experiments contained the active substances lambda-cyhalothrin (2019), esfenvalerate (2020), and tau-fluvalinate (2020). However, the honeybee-collected pollen and nectar were analyzed for residues of more than 100 active substances. The results showed that the pesticide residue levels clearly remained under the oral acute toxicity for honeybees, although we found high levels of thiacloprid residues in the pollen collected in 2019. The pesticide residues in nectar were below LOQ values, which was most likely due to the rainy weather conditions together with the chosen sampling method. No statistically significant differences were observed between the insecticide-treated and untreated fields. In light of our research, the EU legislation protected honeybees from oral acute toxicity during the years 2019 and 2020. However, potential sublethal effects of thiacloprid and other pesticide compounds found in the collected pollen cannot be ruled out. In the future, constant monitoring of pesticide exposure of honeybees and wild pollinators should be established to ensure that pesticide legislation, and its implementation across the EU successfully protects pollinators and their services in agricultural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Kaila
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarmo Ketola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Marjaana Toivonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Biodiversity Centre, Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Loukola
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Kati Hakala
- Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Raiskio
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Timo Hurme
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Marja Jalli
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
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Knauer AC, Gallmann J, Albrecht M. Bee Tracker-an open-source machine learning-based video analysis software for the assessment of nesting and foraging performance of cavity-nesting solitary bees. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8575. [PMID: 35342575 PMCID: PMC8928898 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The foraging and nesting performance of bees can provide important information on bee health and is of interest for risk and impact assessment of environmental stressors. While radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology is an efficient tool increasingly used for the collection of behavioral data in social bee species such as honeybees, behavioral studies on solitary bees still largely depend on direct observations, which is very time-consuming. Here, we present a novel automated methodological approach of individually and simultaneously tracking and analyzing foraging and nesting behavior of numerous cavity-nesting solitary bees. The approach consists of monitoring nesting units by video recording and automated analysis of videos by machine learning-based software. This Bee Tracker software consists of four trained deep learning networks to detect bees that enter or leave their nest and to recognize individual IDs on the bees' thorax and the IDs of their nests according to their positions in the nesting unit. The software is able to identify each nest of each individual nesting bee, which permits to measure individual-based measures of reproductive success. Moreover, the software quantifies the number of cavities a female enters until it finds its nest as a proxy of nest recognition, and it provides information on the number and duration of foraging trips. By training the software on 8 videos recording 24 nesting females per video, the software achieved a precision of 96% correct measurements of these parameters. The software could be adapted to various experimental setups by training it according to a set of videos. The presented method allows to efficiently collect large amounts of data on cavity-nesting solitary bee species and represents a promising new tool for the monitoring and assessment of behavior and reproductive success under laboratory, semi-field, and field conditions.
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Mokkapati JS, Bednarska AJ, Laskowski R. Physiological and biochemical response of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis exposed to three insecticide-based agrochemicals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113095. [PMID: 34953273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical stress induced by pesticides need to be addressed in economically and ecologically important non-Apis solitary bees, particularly at lower than field-applied concentrations. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyse the physiological and biochemical changes in female adult Osmia bicornis bees upon continuous oral exposure to three insecticide-based agrochemicals - i.e. Dursban 480 EC (active ingredient - a.i. chlorpyrifos), Sherpa 100 EC (a.i. cypermethrin), and Mospilan 20 SP (a.i. acetamiprid), in a toxicokinetic manner (feeding with either insecticide-contaminated food or uncontaminated food (controls) for 8 d in the contamination phase followed by 8 d of decontamination (i.e. feeding with uncontaminated food)). All three tested agrochemicals altered the energetic budget of bees by the deprivation of energy derived from lipids and carbohydrates (but not proteins) and/or a decrease in respiration based metabolic rate (energy consumption) compared to the controls. The activities of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase enzymes were not altered by insecticides at tested concentrations. These results show that chronic exposure to at least some pesticides even at relatively low concentrations may cause severe physiological disruptions that could potentially be damaging for the solitary bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Sravanthi Mokkapati
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ryszard Laskowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Fryzlewicz L, VanWinkle A, Lahondère C. Development of an Attractive Toxic Sugar Bait for the Control of Aedes j. japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:308-313. [PMID: 34487519 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Both female and male mosquitoes consume sugar meals to obtain carbohydrates used for energy. This behavior has recently been identified as a possible mosquito control target, as the World Health Organization has urged for the development of integrated vector management. This is critical as many medically important mosquito species are developing insecticide resistance, resulting in current control strategies becoming less effective. Additionally, the traditional use of insecticides is detrimental to many beneficial insects such as pollinators. The main goal of this study was to develop an attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) to limit the populations of a local invasive mosquito, Aedes j. japonicus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae). An ATSB is a lure bait composed of an attractant odorant, a toxic component, and sugar that the mosquitoes can feed on. ATSBs are cost-effective, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and can be species-specific. Mosquitoes were isolated into cages or cups and each group had access to either a toxic sugar solution (containing boric acid), a control solution or a choice between the two. We tested multiple fruits, including mango, peach, blueberries, and blackberries, as well as a soda and grape juice and monitored their survival for 96 h. We found that this species fed on all tested fruit solutions and that the groups that imbibed toxic solutions died within 48 h, indicating that boric acid is an effective oral toxin against Ae. j. japonicus. Further experiments will be conducted in the field to determine the ATSBs efficacy and to monitor potential effects on off-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fryzlewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ashlynn VanWinkle
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Chloé Lahondère
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- The Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- The Global Change Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Center of Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Jeong JY, Kim B, Ji SY, Baek YC, Kim M, Park SH, Kim KH, Oh SI, Kim E, Jung H. Effect of Pesticide Residue in Muscle and Fat Tissue of Pigs Treated with Propiconazole. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:1022-1035. [PMID: 34796328 PMCID: PMC8564320 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study estimated the effect of exposure to propiconazole through
implementation and residues in finishing pigs. We analyzed the expression of
fibrosis-related genes and performed histological analysis of the blood, liver,
kidney, muscle, ileum, and fat tissues. The animals were exposed for 28 d to
different concentrations of propiconazole (0.09, 0.44, 0.88, 4.41, and 8.82
mg/kg bw/d). Quantitative, gene expression, and histological analyses in tissues
were performed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, real-time PCR, and
Masson’s trichrome staining, respectively. Final body weight did not
differ among groups. However, genes involved in fibrosis were significantly
differentially regulated in response to propiconazole concentrations. Glucose,
alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels were significantly
increased compared with those in the control group, while alkaline phosphatase
level was decreased (p<0.05) after exposure to propiconazole. The residue
limits of propiconazole were increased in the finishing phase at 4.41 and 8.82
mg/kg bw/d. The liver, kidney, and ileum showed blue staining after
propiconazole treatment, confirmed by Masson's trichrome staining. In
conclusion, these findings suggest that propiconazole exposure disturbs the
expression of fibrosis-related genes. This study on dietary propiconazole in
pigs can provide a basis for determining maximum residue limits and a better
understanding of metabolism in pigs and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Jeong
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Byeonghyeon Kim
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Ji
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Youl Chang Baek
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seol Hwa Park
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Jung
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
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Roquer‐Beni L, Alins G, Arnan X, Boreux V, García D, Hambäck PA, Happe A, Klein A, Miñarro M, Mody K, Porcel M, Rodrigo A, Samnegård U, Tasin M, Bosch J. Management‐dependent effects of pollinator functional diversity on apple pollination services: A response–effect trait approach. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Roquer‐Beni
- CREAFUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
- BETAUniversity of Vic–Central University of Catalonia Vic Spain
| | | | - Xavier Arnan
- CREAFUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Pernambuco Garanhuns Brazil
| | - Virginie Boreux
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel García
- Instituto Mixto de Investigación en Biodiversidad (CSIC‐Uo‐PA) Oviedo Spain
| | - Peter A. Hambäck
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anne‐Kathrin Happe
- Department of Biology Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Alexandra‐Maria Klein
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Marcos Miñarro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario Villaviciosa Spain
| | - Karsten Mody
- Department of Biology Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
- Department of Applied Ecology Hochschule Geisenheim University Geisenheim Germany
| | - Mario Porcel
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Integrated Plant Protection Unit Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Meta Colombia
| | | | - Ulrika Samnegård
- Department of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
- School of Environmental & Rural Sciences University of New England Armidale Australia
| | - Marco Tasin
- Department of Plant Protection Biology Integrated Plant Protection Unit Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Jordi Bosch
- CREAFUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
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Main AR, Webb EB, Goyne KW, Abney R, Mengel D. Impacts of neonicotinoid seed treatments on the wild bee community in agricultural field margins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147299. [PMID: 33971605 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wild bees support global agroecosystems via pollination of agricultural crops and maintaining diverse plant communities. However, with an increased reliance on pesticides to enhance crop production, wild bee communities may inadvertently be affected through exposure to chemical residues. Laboratory and semi-field studies have demonstrated lethal and sublethal effects of neonicotinoids on limited genera (e.g., Apis, Bombus, Megachile), yet full field studies evaluating impacts to wild bee communities remain limited. Here, we conducted a two-year field study to assess whether neonicotinoid seed treatment and presence in environmental media (e.g., soil, flowers) influenced bee nest and diet guild abundance and richness. In 2017 and 2018, we planted 23 Missouri agricultural fields to soybeans (Glycine max) using one of three seed treatments: untreated (no insecticide), treated (imidacloprid), or previously-treated (untreated, but neonicotinoid use prior to 2017). During both years, wild bees were collected in study field margins monthly (May to September) in tandem with soil and flowers from fields and field margins that were analyzed for neonicotinoid residues. Insecticide presence in soils and flowers varied over the study with neonicotinoids infrequently detected in both years within margin flowers (0%), soybean flowers (<1%), margin soils (<8%), and field soils (~39%). Wild bee abundance and species richness were not significantly different among field treatments. In contrast, neonicotinoid presence in field soils was associated with significantly lower richness (ground- and aboveground-nesting, diet generalists) of wild bee guilds. Our findings support that soil remains an underexplored route of exposure and long-term persistence of neonicotinoids in field soils may lead to reduced diversity in regional bee communities. Future reduction or elimination of neonicotinoid seed treatment use on areas managed for wildlife may facilitate conservation goals to sustain viable, diverse wild bee populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson R Main
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Elisabeth B Webb
- U.S. Geological Survey, Missouri Cooperative Research Unit, Columbia, MO, USA; School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Keith W Goyne
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Robert Abney
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Doreen Mengel
- Missouri Department of Conservation, Resource Science Division, Columbia, MO, USA
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Almeida CHS, Haddi K, Toledo PFS, Rezende SM, Santana WC, Guedes RNC, Newland PL, Oliveira EE. Sublethal agrochemical exposures can alter honey bees' and Neotropical stingless bees' color preferences, respiration rates, and locomotory responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146432. [PMID: 33744575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Stingless bees such as Partamona helleri Friese play important roles in pollination of native plants and agricultural crops in the Neotropics. Global concerns about declining bee populations due to agrochemical pollutants have, however, been biased towards the honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus. Here, we analysed the unintended effects of commercial formulations of a neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, and a fungicide mixture of thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil on color preference, respiration rates and group locomotory activities of both P. helleri and A. mellifera. Our results revealed that P. helleri foragers that were not exposed to pesticides changed their color preference during the course of a year. By contrast, we found that pesticide exposure altered the color preference of stingless bees in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, imidacloprid decreased the overall locomotion of both bee species, whereas the fungicide mixture increased locomotion of only stingless bees. The fungicide mixture also reduced respiration rates of forager bees of both species. Forager bees of both species altered their color preference, but not their locomotory and respiration rates, when exposed to commercial formulations of each fungicidal mixture component (i.e., chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl). Our findings emphasize the importance of P. helleri as a model for Neotropical wild pollinator species in pesticide risk assessments, and also the critical importance of including groups of agrochemicals that are often considered to have minimal impact on pollinators, such as fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H S Almeida
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Khalid Haddi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Pedro F S Toledo
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Sarah M Rezende
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Weyder C Santana
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Philip L Newland
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Mokkapati JS, Bednarska AJ, Laskowski R. The development of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis is affected by some insecticide agrochemicals at environmentally relevant concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145588. [PMID: 33611176 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solitary bees provide essential pollination services for many arable crops, but are prone to global decline. Agricultural intensification, which is connected with pesticide usage, is among major threats to bees and, thus, to the food security and ecosystem stability. As it may not be possible to cease pesticide usage currently because of the growing demand for food, it is crucial to understand the pesticide toxicities to bees for better protection of pollinator populations. The majority of studies have focused on social bees, and those on solitary bees studied effects of adult exposure, whereas these bees are also likely to be exposed as larvae via the consumption of contaminated pollen. Here, the effects of three commonly used insecticide-based plant protection products on the development of the solitary bee, Osmia bicornis (red mason bee), were studied by exposing larvae to insecticide-contaminated multifloral pollen. The tested insecticides were: Dursban480EC, containing the organophosphate chlorpyrifos (CHP), Sherpa100EC, containing the pyrethroid cypermethrin (CYP), and Mospilan20SP with the neonicotinoid acetamiprid (ACT). When compared to the control larvae fed with uncontaminated-pollen, both CHP and CYP significantly reduced the O. bicornis larval survival and their body mass at all tested concentrations. In contrast, ACT did not affect either larval survival or body mass, but the length of larval stage to cocoon formation was significantly shortened compared to controls. None of studied insecticides affected the mass of cocooned individuals. However, at least 80% of individuals exposed to any of the tested insecticides died before reaching the adult stage, whereas 43% of the controls emerged successfully after overwintering. Although no clear monotonic dose-response relationships were found, our study showed that at least some insecticide formulations affect the development of O. bicornis even at concentrations actually found in pollen in the field, indicating an urgent need for revising current pesticide usage recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Sravanthi Mokkapati
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka J Bednarska
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ryszard Laskowski
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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40
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Agroecological Strategies to Safeguard Insect Pollinators in Biodiversity Hotspots: Chile as a Case Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Industrial agriculture (IA) has been recognized among the main drivers of biodiversity loss, climate change, and native pollinator decline. Here we summarize the known negative effects of IA on pollinator biodiversity and illustrate these problems by considering the case of Chile, a “world biodiversity hotspot” (WBH) where food exports account for a considerable share of the economy in this country. Most of Chile’s WBH area is currently being replaced by IA at a fast pace, threatening local biodiversity. We present an agroecological strategy for sustainable food production and pollinator conservation in food-producing WBHs. In this we recognize native pollinators as internal inputs that cannot be replaced by IA technological packages and support the development of agroecological and biodiversity restorative practices to protect biodiversity. We suggest four fundamental pillars for food production change based on: (1) sharing the land, restoring and protecting; (2) ecological intensification; (3) localized knowledge, research, and technological development; and (4) territorial planning and implementation of socio-agroecological policies. This approach does not need modification of native pollination services that sustain the world with food and basic subsistence goods, but a paradigm change where the interdependency of nature and human wellbeing must be recognized for ensuring the world’s food security and sovereignty.
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Claus G, Pisman M, Spanoghe P, Smagghe G, Eeraerts M. Larval oral exposure to thiacloprid: Dose-response toxicity testing in solitary bees, Osmia spp. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112143. [PMID: 33740489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment of pesticides involves ecotoxicological testing. In case pesticide exposure to bees is likely, toxicity tests are performed with honey bees (Apis mellifera), with a tiered approach, for which validated and internationally accepted test protocols exist. However, concerns have grown regarding the protection of non-Apis bees [bumble bees (Bombus spp.), solitary and stingless bees], given their different life cycles and therefore distinct exposure routes. Larvae of solitary bees of the genus Osmia feed on unprocessed pollen during development, yet no toxicity test protocol is internationally accepted or validated to assess the impact of pesticide exposure during this stage of their life cycle. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to further validate a test protocol with two solitary bee species (O. cornuta and O. bicornis) to assess lethal and sublethal effects of pesticide exposure on larval development. Larvae were exposed to thiacloprid (neonicotinoid insecticide) mixed in a new, artificial pollen provision. Both lethal (developmental and winter mortality) and sublethal endpoints (larval development time, pollen provision consumption, cocoon weight, emergence time and adult longevity) were recorded. Effects of lower, more environmentally realistic doses were only reflected in sublethal endpoints. In both bee species, thiacloprid treatment was associated with increased developmental mortality and larval development time, and decreased pollen provision consumption and cocoon weight. The test protocol proved valid and robust and showed that for higher doses of thiacloprid the acute endpoint (larval mortality) is sufficient. In addition, new insights needed to develop a standardized test protocol were acquired, such as testing of a positive control for the first time and selection of male and female individuals at egg level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Claus
- Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Matti Pisman
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maxime Eeraerts
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Lehmann DM, Camp AA. A systematic scoping review of the methodological approaches and effects of pesticide exposure on solitary bees. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251197. [PMID: 33989308 PMCID: PMC8121328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollination services provided by solitary bees, the largest group of bees worldwide, are critical to the vitality of ecosystems and agricultural systems alike. Disconcertingly, bee populations are in decline, and while no single causative factor has been identified, pesticides are believed to play a role in downward population trends. The effects of pesticides on solitary bee species have not been previously systematically cataloged and reviewed. OBJECTIVES This systematic scoping review examines available evidence for effects of pesticide exposure on solitary bees to identify data gaps and priority research needs. METHODS A systematic literature search strategy was developed to identify and document reports on solitary bee pesticide exposure-effects investigations. Literature was subsequently screened for relevance using a Population, Exposures, Comparators, and Outcomes (PECO) statement and organized into a systematic evidence map. Investigations were organized by effect category (lethal effects on immatures, lethal effects on adults, sublethal effects on immatures, and sublethal effects on adults), species, pesticide class, and publication year. RESULTS A comprehensive literature search of Web of Science and ProQuest Agricultural & Environmental Science supplemented by targeted internet searching and reference mining yielded 176 reports and publications for title and abstract screening and 65 that met PECO criteria (22 included lethal and 43 included sublethal effects endpoints). Relevant design details (pesticide, test compound configuration, study type, species, sex, exposure duration) were extracted into literature inventory tables to reveal the extent endpoints have been investigated and areas in need of additional research. CONCLUSIONS Evidence mapping revealed diversity in the pesticides and endpoints studied across the database. However, dilution across bee species, lack of complementary laboratory work and paucity of replicated investigations complicate efforts to interpret and apply available data to support pesticide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Lehmann
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), Health and Environmental Effects Assessment Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch, US - Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Allison A. Camp
- ORISE Researcher, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Research Triangle Park, Oak Ridge, North Carolina, United States of America
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43
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Landscape and Local Drivers Affecting Flying Insects along Fennel Crops ( Foeniculum vulgare, Apiaceae) and Implications for Its Yield. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050404. [PMID: 33946366 PMCID: PMC8146141 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural landscapes are increasingly characterized by intensification and habitat losses. Landscape composition and configuration are known to mediate insect abundance and richness. In the context of global insect decline, and despite 75% of crops being dependent on insects, there is still a gap of knowledge about the link between pollinators and aromatic crops. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is an aromatic plant cultivated in the South of France for its essential oil, which is of great economic interest. Using pan-traps, we investigated the influence of the surrounding habitats at landscape scale (semi-natural habitat proportion and vicinity, landscape configuration) and local scale agricultural practices (insecticides and patch size) on fennel-flower-visitor abundance and richness, and their subsequent impact on fennel essential oil yield. We found that fennel may to be a generalist plant species. We did not find any effect of intense local management practices on insect abundance and richness. Landscape configuration and proximity to semi-natural habitat were the main drivers of flying insect family richness. This richness positively influenced fennel essential oil yield. Maintaining a complex configuration of patches at the landscape scale is important to sustain insect diversity and crop yield.
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44
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Peterson EM, Green FB, Smith PN. Toxic responses of blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria) following contact exposure to neonicotinoids, macrocyclic lactones, and pyrethroids. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111681. [PMID: 33396013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of particulate matter originating from beef cattle feed yards on the High Plains of the United States has revealed occurrence of multiple pesticides believed to potentially impact non-Apis pollinators. Among these pesticides are those that are highly toxic to Apis mellifera (honey bees). However, little non-Apis bee species toxicity data exist; especially pertaining to beef cattle feed yard-derived pesticides. Therefore, we conducted a series of 96-h contact toxicity tests with blue orchard mason bees (Osmia lignaria) using three neonicotinoids, two pyrethroids, and two macrocyclic lactones. Neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and clothianidin) were most toxic with LD50 values ranging from 2.88 to 26.35 ng/bee, respectively. Macrocyclic lactones (abamectin and ivermectin) were also highly toxic to O. lignaria with LD50 estimates of 5.51-32.86 ng/bee. Pyrethroids (permethrin and bifenthrin) were relatively less toxic with LD50 values greater than 33 ng/bee. Sensitivity ratios for each pesticide were calculated to relate O. lignaria LD50 values to existing honey bee toxicity data. All three neonicotinoids were more toxic to O. lignaria than A. mellifera, but pyrethroids and abamectin were relatively less toxic. Additionally, three of seven pesticides (43%) resulted in significantly different mass normalized LD50 values for male and female O. lignaria. These results indicate that non-Apis pollinators may be highly susceptible to pesticides originating from beef cattle feed yards, necessitating consideration of more stringent regulatory protections than those based on A. mellifera pesticide sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Peterson
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Frank B Green
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States
| | - Philip N Smith
- Texas Tech University, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States.
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45
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Miotelo L, Mendes Dos Reis AL, Malaquias JB, Malaspina O, Roat TC. Apis mellifera and Melipona scutellaris exhibit differential sensitivity to thiamethoxam. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115770. [PMID: 33045589 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apis mellifera is a pollinator insect model in pesticide risk assessment tests for bees. However, given the economic and ecological importance of stingless bees such as Melipona scutellaris in the Neotropical region, as well as the lack of studies on the effect of insecticides on these bees, toxicity tests for stingless bees should be carried out to understand whether insecticides affect both species of bees in the same manner. Thus, the present study quantified the differential sensitivity of the bees M. scutellaris and A. mellifera to the oral ingestion of the insecticide thiamethoxam by determining the mean lethal concentration (LC50), mean lethal time (LT50), and their effect on the insecticide target organ, the brain. The results showed that the stingless bee is more sensitive to the insecticide than A. mellifera, with a lower LC50 of 0.0543 ng active ingredient (a.i.)/μL for the stingless bee compared to 0.227 ng a.i./μL for A. mellifera. When exposed to a sublethal concentration, morphological and ultrastructural analyses were performed and evidenced a significant increase in spaces between nerve cells of both species. Thus, A. mellifera is not the most appropriate or unique model to determine the toxicity of insecticides to stingless bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Miotelo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza Mendes Dos Reis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Bruno Malaquias
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences - IBB, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-693, Brazil.
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thaisa Cristina Roat
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Campus Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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46
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Saha S, Das S, Sarkar O, Chattopadhyay A, Rissanen K, Sahoo P. Introduction of a luminescent sensor for tracking trace levels of hydrazine in insect pollinated cropland flowers. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02661e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of an efficient chemodosimeter (NCD) to estimate the mutagenic hydrazine within several affected cropland flowers promptly showing ‘turn-on’ fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrabani Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Sujoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | - Olivia Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
| | | | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Prithidipa Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, India
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47
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Piovesan B, Padilha AC, Morais MC, Botton M, Grützmacher AD, Zotti MJ. Effects of insecticides used in strawberries on stingless bees Melipona quadrifasciata and Tetragonisca fiebrigi (Hymenoptera: Apidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42472-42480. [PMID: 32705562 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides is considered one of the most important threats to pollinators, especially since they are widely used in agriculture for pest control. In the last years, several studies have reported severe secondary effects on various bee species, including exotic and native bees. In this study, lethal (mortality) and sublethal (locomotor activity) effects of insecticides and acaricides used in strawberries in Brazil (abamectin, novaluron, spinetoram, and thiamethoxam) were evaluated on the native stingless bees Melipona quadrifasciata and Tetragonisca fiebrigi. The results showed that the effects varied significantly according to the pesticide, type of exposure (oral or topical), and bee species. Through oral exposure, M. quadrifasciata was more susceptible to all insecticides except for abamectin, while in topical exposure, T. fiebrigi was more sensitive. Thiamethoxam followed by spinetoram and abamectin were the most lethal, regardless of species or exposure route; novaluron was not harmful at the highest tested dose. The locomotor activity of bees was altered in the presence of sublethal doses (LC10 and LC50) of all insecticides. Spinetoram and abamectin can be as much as toxic as thiamethoxam against M. quadrifasciata and T. fiebrigi in laboratory experiments. These findings should be confirmed in field experiments to define possibilities to combine pest control and pollinator management. In crops like strawberries, the selectivity of native pollinators should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Piovesan
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, 354, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Aline Costa Padilha
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, 354, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maíra Chagas Morais
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, 354, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Botton
- Laboratory of Entomology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 515, Bento Gonçalves, 95701-008, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anderson Dionei Grützmacher
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, 354, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Moisés João Zotti
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, 354, Capão do Leão, 96010-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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48
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Billaud O, Vermeersch R, Porcher E. Citizen science involving farmers as a means to document temporal trends in farmland biodiversity and relate them to agricultural practices. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Billaud
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Sorbonne UniversitéParis France
| | - Rose‐Line Vermeersch
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Sorbonne UniversitéParis France
| | - Emmanuelle Porcher
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Sorbonne UniversitéParis France
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49
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Prendergast KS, Menz MHM, Dixon KW, Bateman PW. The relative performance of sampling methods for native bees: an empirical test and review of the literature. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kit S. Prendergast
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Bentley Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - Myles H. M. Menz
- Department of Migration Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior Radolfzell 78315 Germany
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Kingsley W. Dixon
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Bentley Western Australia 6102 Australia
| | - Philip W. Bateman
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Bentley Western Australia 6102 Australia
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50
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Chase JM, Jeliazkov A, Ladouceur E, Viana DS. Biodiversity conservation through the lens of metacommunity ecology. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1469:86-104. [PMID: 32406120 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metacommunity ecology combines local (e.g., environmental filtering and biotic interactions) and regional (e.g., dispersal and heterogeneity) processes to understand patterns of species abundance, occurrence, composition, and diversity across scales of space and time. As such, it has a great potential to generalize and synthesize our understanding of many ecological problems. Here, we give an overview of how a metacommunity perspective can provide useful insights for conservation biology, which aims to understand and mitigate the effects of anthropogenic drivers that decrease population sizes, increase extinction probabilities, and threaten biodiversity. We review four general metacommunity processes-environmental filtering, biotic interactions, dispersal, and ecological drift-and discuss how key anthropogenic drivers (e.g., habitat loss and fragmentation, and nonnative species) can alter these processes. We next describe how the patterns of interest in metacommunities (abundance, occupancy, and diversity) map onto issues at the heart of conservation biology, and describe cases where conservation biology benefits by taking a scale-explicit metacommunity perspective. We conclude with some ways forward for including metacommunity perspectives into ideas of ecosystem functioning and services, as well as approaches to habitat management, preservation, and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Alienor Jeliazkov
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Emma Ladouceur
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Duarte S Viana
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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