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Lehmann Albornoz P, Bartzen CS, Malabarba LR. The barcode trap-Description of a new species of Microglanis, with a review of the status of Microglanis cibelae (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae). J Fish Biol 2024. [PMID: 38646664 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
In a recent study based on the generalized mixed Yule coalescent method for delimiting species, a threshold of 2% genetic distance using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences was used to delimit the species of Microglanis. That action resulted in assembling several populations of Microglanis from Atlantic coastal rivers between Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo states as a single species, Microglanis cottoides, including Microglanis cibelae as a junior synonym. We reexamined these populations and found three species diagnosed by their morphology and that constitute separate mtDNA lineages, including a new species. The synonym of M. cibelae and M. cottoides is reviewed and refuted based on morphological and molecular evidence. M. cibelae and the new species are sympatric and occasionally syntopic in the Tramandaí, Mampituba, and Araranguá river basins. The new species is distinguished from M. cibelae and M. cottoides by the anterior margin of the posttemporosupracleitrum narrow articulated with the epioccipital, the short mental and maxillary barbels, and depressed head and body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - César Sá Bartzen
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos), São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Malabarba
- Departamento de Zoologia, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Souza-Alves JP, Hilário RR, Fontes IP, Thomas WW, de Vasconcellos Barbosa MR. Direct links between resource availability and activity budget better reveal ecological patterns of endangered Coimbra-Filho's titi monkey. Primates 2024; 65:49-59. [PMID: 37805969 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Many primatological studies do not assess direct indexes of food availability to make inferences about behavioral strategies. We related the diet and behavior of a group of Callicebus coimbrai in northeastern Brazil to fruit availability indexes and compared this pattern between seasons (direct and indirect assessment of food availability) to assess whether direct and indirect approaches detect similar ecological patterns. We monitored the study group for 33 months (5 days/month) via scan sampling. The monthly availability of fruits and new leaves was recorded in phenological transects. Fruit availability varied across years based on fruit prevalence, and timing and duration of the abundant seasons. We did not find evidence of a time-minimizing strategy, since C. coimbrai did not change its activity levels according to food availability. However, the negative relationship between foraging and fruit availability indicates that C. coimbrai can compensate for the lower fruit availability by increasing the search for alternative food sources. Monthly fruit consumption was positively correlated to fruit availability and negatively related to the consumption of other food items. However, the behavioral and feeding profiles did not vary between seasons and were not related to rainfall levels. Primate studies should directly relate behavioral and feeding profiles to fruit availability indices, thus avoiding using seasons as proxies of food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Souza-Alves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Renato R Hilário
- Departamento de Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Regina de Vasconcellos Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Gomes IN, Gontijo LM, Lima MAP, Zanuncio JS, Resende HC. The survival and flight capacity of commercial honeybees and endangered stingless bees are impaired by common agrochemicals. Ecotoxicology 2023; 32:937-947. [PMID: 37733275 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The impact of agrochemicals on native Brazilian bees may be underestimated, since studies of non-target effects on bees have, by and large, concerned mostly the Apis mellifera L. Furthermore, bees may be exposed in the field to multiple agrochemicals through different routes, thus suggesting the necessity for more comprehensive toxicological experiments. Here, we assessed the lethal and sublethal toxicity of multiple agrochemicals (herbicide [glyphosate - Roundup®], fungicide [mancozeb], insecticide [thiamethoxam]) through distinct routes of exposure (contact or ingestion) to an endangered native Brazilian bee Melipona (Michmelia) capixaba Moure & Camargo, 1994 and to A. mellifera. Results indicate that none of the agrochemicals caused feeding repellency on the bees. Thiamethoxam caused high mortality of both species, regardless of the route of exposure or the dose used. In addition, thiametoxam altered the flight capacity of M. capixaba when exposed to the lowest dose via contact exposure. The field dose of glyphosate caused high mortality of both bee species after oral exposure as well as impaired the flight capacity of A. mellifera (ingestion exposure) and M. capixaba (contact exposure). The lower dose of glyphosate also impaired the flight of M. capixaba through either routes of exposure. Exposure of A. mellifera through contact and ingestion to both doses of mancozeb caused high mortality and significantly impaired flight capacity. Taken altogether, the results highlight the importance of testing the impact of multiple agrochemicals (i.e. not just insecticides) through different routes of exposure in order to understand more comprehensively the potential risks for Apis and non-Apis bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid N Gomes
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Manejo e Conservação de Ecossistemas Naturais e Agrários, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Genética da Conservação de Abelhas - LaBee. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil.
- Centro de Síntese Ecológica e Conservação, Departamento de Genética Ecologia e Evolução - ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lessando Moreira Gontijo
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Manejo e Conservação de Ecossistemas Naturais e Agrários, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil
| | | | - José Salazar Zanuncio
- Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural-Incaper, Fazenda Experimental Mendes da Fonseca, Domingos Martins, ES, Brazil
| | - Helder Canto Resende
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Manejo e Conservação de Ecossistemas Naturais e Agrários, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética da Conservação de Abelhas - LaBee. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, - Campus Florestal, Florestal, MG, Brazil
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Izidoro TD, Grott SC, Kubiak BB, de Freitas TRO, Alves TC, Almeida EA, Galiano D. Oxidative status of Ctenomys flamarioni (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) in natural areas with different levels of anthropic activity in southern Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:64710-64718. [PMID: 37072591 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rampant urbanization in coastal environments turns areas close to the seafront into a highly impacted ecosystem, possibly affecting the health and well-being of resident animal species. The tuco-tuco Ctenomys flamarioni is an endemic and endangered subterranean mammal from southern Brazil, and the anthropic influence was considered one of the main threats to the species. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the patterns of oxidative status of the species in natural areas with different levels of anthropogenic disturbance. We evaluated two populations of C. flamarioni, one located in an area with intense anthropogenic impact due to urbanization and tourist activity, and the other in a non-impacted area. Oxidative injury parameters (lipid peroxidation and carbonylated protein levels), and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase were measured. Individuals inhabiting the impacted area had lower G6PDH activity and higher levels of carbonylated proteins. This combination of higher level of oxidative damage and lower antioxidant activity is an indication that the oxidative status of animals in the impacted population is possibly being affected as a consequence of anthropogenic activities in this environment. The values of the parameters obtained in the current study can be used as a reference of the oxidative state of C. flamarioni in future studies with tuco-tucos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tays Daiane Izidoro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, Blumenau, SC, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Suelen Cristina Grott
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, Blumenau, SC, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Bruno Busnello Kubiak
- Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Caique Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, Blumenau, SC, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, Blumenau, SC, 89030-903, Brazil
| | - Daniel Galiano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, Blumenau, SC, 89030-903, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Realeza, Rua Edmundo Gaievisk, 1000, Realeza, PR, 85770-000, Brazil.
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Bornschein MR, Teixeira L, de Morais Guerra B, Melchiori BL, Reinert BL, Sandretti-Silva G. Appearance of a population of the mangrove rail Rallus longirostris (Rallidae) in salt marshes invaded by the exotic tanner grass Urochloa arrecta (Poaceae) and its disappearance after plant management. Wetlands (Wilmington) 2022; 42:124. [PMID: 36530518 PMCID: PMC9735195 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-022-01642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biological invasions cause species extinction but can also provide benefits. Wetlands, such as salt marshes, include little-known but important ecosystems that are sometimes severely invaded by exotic plants. Salt marshes in eastern South America are increasingly impacted by invasions of the African grass Urochloa arrecta. This study investigated the appearance of a population of the mangrove rail Rallus longirostris in areas dominated by U. arrecta and its disappearance with the eradication of this plant. We monitored four areas (54.47 ha) in the Guaratuba Bay estuary in southern Brazil, from 2006 to 2022, two of which contained four patches of U. arrecta as the dominant species. In 2012, we started to eradicate U. arrecta with mechanical management, and in 2020, it was eradicated locally. We recorded R. longirostris for the first time within a patch of U. arrecta in 2007. In subsequent years we saw the species in two other patches of the exotic plant. Rallus longirostris was no longer observed once U. arrecta was eradicated. Differences in patch occupancy between invaded and uninvaded habitats observed for R. longirostris and Pardirallus nigricans, and the disappearance of R. longirostris following the exotic plant management suggest competitive advantage and/or differential habitat preference and population density as hypotheses to explain observed patterns. The invasion of U. arrecta can increase the local populations of R. longirostris. Since this bird is not endangered, we encourage the management of U. arrecta because of its impact on salt marshes, including an endemic endangered bird. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-022-01642-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos R. Bornschein
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/no, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Rua Emiliano Perneta 297, conjunto 122, CEP 80010-050 Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - Larissa Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/no, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Rua Emiliano Perneta 297, conjunto 122, CEP 80010-050 Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
| | - Bruno de Morais Guerra
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/no, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca L. Melchiori
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/no, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca L. Reinert
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/no, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Sandretti-Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/no, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
- Mater Natura – Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Rua Emiliano Perneta 297, conjunto 122, CEP 80010-050 Curitiba, Paraná Brazil
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Seixas GHF, Mourão G. A long-term study indicates that tree clearance negatively affects fledgling recruitment to the Blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267355. [PMID: 35648734 PMCID: PMC9159586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) is a Neotropical parrot with a large distribution in South America, including areas in Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina and Paraguay. A substantial part of the population of this parrot is concentrated in the Pantanal, a large wetland located in the center of South America. There, the clearing of forest and savannas has occurred through the years to accommodate beef-cattle pasture, and crops. Our objective was to understand the direct and indirect effects of time, availability of forest and savannas, and rainfall over the number of nestlings and fledged young of Blue-fronted Amazons inhabiting the southern Pantanal. We surveyed their nests from 1997 to 2018 and counted the number of nestlings produced and the number of fledglings capable to leave the nest in each year. Additionally, we used available data on the area covered by arboreal vegetation, and rainfall data collected at a Meteorological Station located in a central area of the study, as predictors of the numbers of nestlings and fledglings produced every year. Then, we applied structural equation modeling to examine both the direct and indirect effects of time, arboreal habitat availability, and annual cumulative rainfall on the number of nestlings and fledgling per nest. Finally, we estimated the long-term trend of the number of fledglings per nest as a surrogate to the populational trend of Blue-fronted Amazon. We found that none of the variables in our model explained the number of nestlings in nests, but the number of nestlings and the arboreal habitat availability directly and positively affected the number of fledglings. Time indirectly and negatively affected the number of fledglings per nest, whereas rainfall affected it indirectly positively. Additionally, we detected a concerning decrease of about 30% of the fledglings during the 22-years study, which could lead to a change in the species conservational status.
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Marchini S, Macdonald DW. Can school children influence adults' behavior toward jaguars? Evidence of intergenerational learning in education for conservation. Ambio 2020; 49:912-925. [PMID: 31435880 PMCID: PMC7028835 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A school-based experiment was conducted in the Brazilian Amazon to examine the effects of passively received information versus active elaboration on the 'perceptions' of jaguars (Panthera onca) among students, and the effects of information communicated via illustrated book on those perceptions among student's parents. Books distributed via school decreased fathers' perceptions of social acceptance of jaguar killing, but the same books distributed via a conservation organization did not. This suggests that fathers were influenced not only by the information explicitly conveyed in the content of books, but also by the implicit message that jaguar conservation was socially supported. Elaboration alone produced more persistent effects than information alone, but some negative attitudes were reinforced. Information and elaboration combined created stronger and more enduring effects than either intervention alone. These findings are important in designing interventions for our coexistence with jaguars and other charismatic species worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Marchini
- Wildlife Ecology, Management and Conservation Lab, Forest Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900 Brazil
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, OX13 5QL UK
| | - David W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abingdon Road, Tubney, OX13 5QL UK
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Costa GB, Ramlov F, de Ramos B, Koerich G, Gouvea L, Costa PG, Bianchini A, Maraschin M, Horta PA. Physiological damages of Sargassum cymosum and Hypnea pseudomusciformis exposed to trace metals from mining tailing. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:36486-36498. [PMID: 31732948 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The damages of Mariana's mining mud in the physiology of the brown algae Sargassum cymosum and its main epiphytic, the red algae Hypnea pseudomusciformis, were evaluated by controlled essays. Seaweeds were exposed to presence or absence of mud, isolated or in biological association, for 5 and 15 days. Measured parameters were growth rates, biochemical descriptors, and the chemical investigation of concentration and metal profile of the mud dissolved in seawater. Results showed that the highest values for metals were Al > Fe > Mn > Zn in both exposure periods. The mud also affected the growth rate with lethality in both isolated and associative treatments with H. pseudomusciformis after 15 days. According to our redundancy analysis (RDA), the profile and concentration of all metallic elements can induce different physiological responses of the organisms. We were able to observe a higher physiological adaptive ability of S. cymosum against the long-term presence of metals by the synthesis of phenolic compounds, while the deviation of metabolic routes in H. pseudomusciformis can be addressed as the main responsible for its lethality. Moreover, the presence of Hypnea in associative treatments reduces Sargassum's detoxification ability. The present results reinforce the importance of biological interaction studies in a context of physiological resilience against mining mud pollution and mutual influences of species over the individual ability to avoid oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Burle Costa
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ramlov
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Ramos
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Koerich
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Gouvea
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Itália Avenue, Km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Itália Avenue, Km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Horta
- Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil.
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de Oliveira UDR, Gomes PB, Silva Cordeiro RT, de Lima GV, Pérez CD. Modeling impacts of climate change on the potential habitat of an endangered Brazilian endemic coral: Discussion about deep sea refugia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211171. [PMID: 31112555 PMCID: PMC6529159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate and environmental conditions are determinant for coral distribution and their very existence. When changes in such conditions occur, their effects on distribution can be predicted through species distribution models, anticipating suitable habitats for the subsistence of species. Mussismilia harttii is one of the most endangered Brazilian endemic reef-building corals, and in increasing risk of extinction. Herein, species distribution models were used to determine the present and future potential habitats for M. harttii. Estimations were made through the maximum entropy approach, predicting suitable habitat losses and gains by the end of the 21st century. For this purpose, species records published in the last 20 years and current and future environmental variables were correlated. The best models were chosen according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and evaluated through the partial ROC (AUCratio), a new approach which uses independent occurrence data. Both approaches showed that the models performed satisfactorily in predicting potential habitat areas for the species. Future projections were made using the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios for 2100, with different levels of greenhouse gas emission. Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) were used to model the Future Potential Habitat (FPH) of M. harttii in two different scenarios: stabilization of emissions (RCP 4.5) and increase of emissions (RCP 8.5). According to the results, shallow waters to the south of the study area concentrate most of the current potential habitats for the species. However, in future scenarios, there was a loss of suitable areas in relation to the Current Potential Habitat (RCP 4.5 46% and RCP 8.5 59%), whereas there is a southward shift of the suitable areas. In all scenarios of FPH, the temperature was the variable with the greatest contribution to the models (> 35%), followed by the current velocity (> 33%) and bathymetry (>29%). In contrast, there is an increase of deep (50-75 m) suitable areas FPH scenarios, mainly in the southern portion of its distribution, at Abrolhos Bank (off Espirito Santo State). These deeper sites might serve as refugia for the species in global warming scenarios. Coral communities at such depths would be less susceptible to impacts of climate change on temperature and salinity. However, the deep sea is not free from human impacts and measures to protect deeper ecosystems should be prioritized in environmental policies for Brazilian marine conservation, especially the Abrolhos Bank, due to its importance for M. harttii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Braga Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Gislaine Vanessa de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Daniel Pérez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
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Rolim FA, Langlois T, Rodrigues PFC, Bond T, Motta FS, Neves LM, Gadig OBF. Network of small no-take marine reserves reveals greater abundance and body size of fisheries target species. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0204970. [PMID: 30629577 PMCID: PMC6328244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
No-take marine reserves (NTRs), i.e. areas with total fishing restrictions, have been established worldwide aiming to promote biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. Brazil has 3.3% of its exclusive economic zone protected by 73 different NTRs, however, most of them currently lack scientific knowledge and understanding of their ecological role, particularly regarding rocky reefs in subtropical regions. In this context, this study aimed to contrast a network of NTRs with comparable fished sites across a coastal biogeographic gradient to investigate the effect of fishing and habitat variability on the abundance and body size of rocky reef fish. We used Baited Remote Underwater stereo-Video (stereo-BRUVs) and Diver Operated stereo-Video (stereo-DOVs) systems to simultaneously sample reef fish and habitat. Model selection and results identified habitat and biogeographic variables, such as distance from shore, as important predictor variables, explaining several aspects of the fish assemblage. The effect of protection was important in determining the abundance and body size of targeted species, in particular for epinephelids and carangids. Conversely, species richness was correlated with habitat complexity but not with protection status. This is the first study using these survey methods in the Southwestern Atlantic, demonstrating how a network of NTRs can provide benchmarks for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A. Rolim
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Elasmobrânquios, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Tim Langlois
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pedro F. C. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Elasmobrânquios, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Todd Bond
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fábio S. Motta
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M. Neves
- Departamento de Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Campus Três Rios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otto B. F. Gadig
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Elasmobrânquios, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Santos JD, Varassin IG, Muschner VC, Ovaskainen O. Estimating seed and pollen dispersal kernels from genetic data demonstrates a high pollen dispersal capacity for an endangered palm species. Am J Bot 2018; 105:1802-1812. [PMID: 30347429 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Seed and pollen dispersal are key processes shaping plant population dynamics and maintaining genetic diversity. The essence of these processes is the movement of propagules from a parental tree to the site of propagule establishment. The estimation of plant dispersal kernels has remained challenging due to the difficulty of making direct observations. We estimated the dispersal capacity of the endangered palm Euterpe edulis, whose seeds are dispersed by vertebrates and pollen by insects. METHODS We used a hierarchical Bayesian model with genetic data from reproductive plants, juveniles, and embryos to estimate dispersal kernels. Our analyses account for genotyping error and uncertainty in parental assignment. KEY RESULTS We found that seeds were dispersed at most a few hundred meters, but pollen was dispersed up to several kilometers. We hypothesize that this long-distance pollen dispersal is generated mainly by euglossine bees, whereas the main dispersal vectors for short-distance seed dispersal are thrushes. The long-distance dispersal of pollen suggests a high level of gene flow that should maintain genetic diversity of E. edulis. Despite the relation between long-distance dispersal and genetic diversity, we observed low genetic diversity and inbreeding within the local population, which are probably due to restricted gene flow due to the low density of this population and its aggregated spatial distribution. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that if conservation actions are able to restore the population density of E. edulis, the recovery of its genetic diversity will be facilitated because of its high dispersal capacity, especially with regard to pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP: 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP: 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação - UFPR
| | - Isabela Galarda Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP: 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação - UFPR
| | - Valéria Cunha Muschner
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP: 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação - UFPR
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Sales LP, Neves OV, De Marco P, Loyola R. Model uncertainties do not affect observed patterns of species richness in the Amazon. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183785. [PMID: 29023503 PMCID: PMC5638225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is arguably a major threat to biodiversity conservation and there are several methods to assess its impacts on species potential distribution. Yet the extent to which different approaches on species distribution modeling affect species richness patterns at biogeographical scale is however unaddressed in literature. In this paper, we verified if the expected responses to climate change in biogeographical scale-patterns of species richness and species vulnerability to climate change-are affected by the inputs used to model and project species distribution. METHODS We modeled the distribution of 288 vertebrate species (amphibians, birds and mammals), all endemic to the Amazon basin, using different combinations of the following inputs known to affect the outcome of species distribution models (SDMs): 1) biological data type, 2) modeling methods, 3) greenhouse gas emission scenarios and 4) climate forecasts. We calculated uncertainty with a hierarchical ANOVA in which those different inputs were considered factors. RESULTS The greatest source of variation was the modeling method. Model performance interacted with data type and modeling method. Absolute values of variation on suitable climate area were not equal among predictions, but some biological patterns were still consistent. All models predicted losses on the area that is climatically suitable for species, especially for amphibians and primates. All models also indicated a current East-western gradient on endemic species richness, from the Andes foot downstream the Amazon river. Again, all models predicted future movements of species upwards the Andes mountains and overall species richness losses. CONCLUSIONS From a methodological perspective, our work highlights that SDMs are a useful tool for assessing impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Uncertainty exists but biological patterns are still evident at large spatial scales. As modeling methods are the greatest source of variation, choosing the appropriate statistics according to the study objective is also essential for estimating the impacts of climate change on species distribution. Yet from a conservation perspective, we show that Amazon endemic fauna is potentially vulnerable to climate change, due to expected reductions on suitable climate area. Climate-driven faunal movements are predicted towards the Andes mountains, which might work as climate refugia for migrating species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Patrícia Sales
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Olívia Viana Neves
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo De Marco
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Brazilian Research Network on Climate Change–Rede Clima. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Loyola
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Brazilian Research Network on Climate Change–Rede Clima. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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13
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Dias IR, Haddad CFB, Argôlo AJS, Orrico VGD. The 100th: An appealing new species of Dendropsophus (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) from northeastern Brazil. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171678. [PMID: 28273092 PMCID: PMC5342187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new species of the Dendropsophus leucophyllatus Group from the Atlantic Forest of the southern region of State of Bahia, Brazil. It can be distinguished from all species of the D. leucophyllatus Group on the basis of morphological characters (especially its unique dorsal pattern and snout in dorsal view), advertisement calls and divergence in mitochondrial DNA gene sequences. The inclusion of D. anceps on the group remains controversial but our phylogenetic analyses do not recover the new species as sister to syntopic species of the D. leucophyllatus Group (with or without D. anceps). These results also highlight the palimpsest that is past relation between the Atlantic and Amazon forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuri Ribeiro Dias
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências and Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP), Campus Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Victor Goyannes Dill Orrico
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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Costa MC, Oliveira PRR, Davanço PV, de Camargo C, Laganaro NM, Azeredo RA, Simpson J, Silveira LF, Francisco MR. Recovering the Genetic Identity of an Extinct-in-the-Wild Species: The Puzzling Case of the Alagoas Curassow. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169636. [PMID: 28056082 PMCID: PMC5215914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The conservation of many endangered taxa relies on hybrid identification, and when hybrids become morphologically indistinguishable from the parental species, the use of molecular markers can assign individual admixture levels. Here, we present the puzzling case of the extinct in the wild Alagoas Curassow (Pauxi mitu), whose captive population descends from only three individuals. Hybridization with the Razor-billed Curassow (P. tuberosa) began more than eight generations ago, and admixture uncertainty affects the whole population. We applied an analysis framework that combined morphological diagnostic traits, Bayesian clustering analyses using 14 microsatellite loci, and mtDNA haplotypes to assess the ancestry of all individuals that were alive from 2008 to 2012. Simulated data revealed that our microsatellites could accurately assign an individual a hybrid origin until the second backcross generation, which permitted us to identify a pure group among the older, but still reproductive animals. No wild species has ever survived such a severe bottleneck, followed by hybridization, and studying the recovery capability of the selected pure Alagoas Curassow group might provide valuable insights into biological conservation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariellen C. Costa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, CEP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. R. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, campus de Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, CEP, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo V. Davanço
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, campus de Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, CEP, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Crisley de Camargo
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus de Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, CEP, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Natasha M. Laganaro
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Diversidade Biológica e Conservação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, campus de Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, CEP, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto A. Azeredo
- CRAX—Sociedade de Pesquisa do Manejo e da Reprodução da Fauna Silvestre, rua Jarbas Camargo, Chácara Campestre, Contagem, MG, Brazil
| | - James Simpson
- CRAX—Sociedade de Pesquisa do Manejo e da Reprodução da Fauna Silvestre, rua Jarbas Camargo, Chácara Campestre, Contagem, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis F. Silveira
- Seção de Aves, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, CEP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mercival R. Francisco
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus de Sorocaba, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, CEP, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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15
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Abstract
Human-induced climate change is considered a conspicuous threat to biodiversity in the 21st century. Species’ response to climate change depends on their exposition, sensitivity and ability to adapt to novel climates. Exposure to climate change is however uneven within species’ range, so that some populations may be more at risk than others. Identifying the regions most exposed to climate change is therefore a first and pivotal step on determining species’ vulnerability across their geographic ranges. Here, we aimed at quantifying mammal local exposure to climate change across species’ ranges. We identified areas in the Brazilian Amazon where mammals will be critically exposed to non-analogue climates in the future with different variables predicted by 15 global circulation climate forecasts. We also built a null model to assess the effectiveness of the Amazon protected areas in buffering the effects of climate change on mammals, using an innovative and more realistic approach. We found that 85% of species are likely to be exposed to non-analogue climatic conditions in more than 80% of their ranges by 2070. That percentage is even higher for endemic mammals; almost all endemic species are predicted to be exposed in more than 80% of their range. Exposure patterns also varied with different climatic variables and seem to be geographically structured. Western and northern Amazon species are more likely to experience temperature anomalies while northeastern species will be more affected by rainfall abnormality. We also observed an increase in the number of critically-exposed species from 2050 to 2070. Overall, our results indicate that mammals might face high exposure to climate change and that protected areas will probably not be efficient enough to avert those impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno R. Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biogeografia da Conservação, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lilian P. Sales
- Laboratório de Biogeografia da Conservação, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo De Marco
- Laboratório de Metacomunidades e Ecologia de Paisagens, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Brazilian Research Network on Climate Change–Rede Clima. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Loyola
- Laboratório de Biogeografia da Conservação, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Brazilian Research Network on Climate Change–Rede Clima. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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