1
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Knyazev GG, Savostyanov AN, Bocharov AV, Rudych PD, Saprigyn AE. Multivariate pattern analysis of cooperation and competition in constructive action. Neuropsychologia 2024; 202:108956. [PMID: 39002772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The neural underpinning of cooperative and competitive constructive activity has been investigated using mass-univariate approaches. In this study, we sought to compare the results of these approaches with the results of multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). In particular, we wanted to test whether MVPA supports the claim made in previous studies that cooperation is associated with the activity of reward-related brain circuits. Participants were required to construct a pattern on the screen either individually or in cooperation or competition with another person during an fMRI scan. Both the MVPA classification methods and the representational similarity analysis indicated the involvement of orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal areas in processes that distinguish between cooperation and competition, and activation analysis showed that these areas are more active during cooperation than during competition. However, a single trial analysis showed that the effect was reversed when only winning trials were considered. In these trials, activation of reward-related areas was higher during competition than during cooperation. Moreover, the contrast between won and lost trials in terms of reward circuits involvement was sharper under competition than under cooperation. Thus, although cooperation can be generally more rewarding than competition, it is associated with smaller difference between trials lost and trials won in terms of reward circuits activation. One may speculate that in cooperation, victory and defeat are shared with the partner and, contrary to competition, are not experienced as personal achievement or failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Knyazev
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - A N Savostyanov
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A V Bocharov
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P D Rudych
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A E Saprigyn
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Zhu LS, Lai C, Zhou CW, Chen HY, Liu ZQ, Guo Z, Man H, Du HY, Lu Y, Hu F, Chen Z, Shu K, Zhu LQ, Liu D. Postsynaptic lncRNA Sera/Pkm2 pathway orchestrates the transition from social competition to rank by remodeling the neural ensemble in mPFC. Cell Discov 2024; 10:87. [PMID: 39160208 PMCID: PMC11333582 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals' continuous success in competitive interactions with conspecifics strongly affects their social hierarchy. Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is the key brain region mediating both social competition and hierarchy. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the neural ensemble in the mPFC remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that in excitatory neurons of prelimbic cortex (PL), lncRNA Sera remodels the utilization of Pkm Exon9 and Exon10, resulting in a decrease in the Pkm1/2 ratio in highly competitive mice. By employing a tet-on/off system, we disrupt or rebuild the normal Pkm1/2 ratio by controlling the expression of Pkm2 in PL excitatory neurons. We find that long-term Pkm2 modulation induces timely competition alteration and hysteretic rank change, through phosphorylating the Ser845 site of GluA1. Together, this study uncovers a crucial role of lncRNA Sera/Pkm2 pathway in the transition of social competition to rank by remodeling neural ensemble in mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Shuang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuan Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao-Wen Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui-Yang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hengye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui-Yun Du
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiye Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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3
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Cui Z, Meng L, Zhang Q, Lou J, Lin Y, Sun Y. White and Gray Matter Abnormalities in Young Adult Females with Dependent Personality Disorder: A Diffusion-Tensor Imaging and Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Brain Topogr 2024; 37:102-115. [PMID: 37831323 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-01013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
We applied diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) including measurements of fractional anisotropy (FA), a parameter of neuronal fiber integrity, mean diffusivity (MD), a parameter of brain tissue integrity, as well as voxel-based morphometry (VBM), a measure of gray and white matter volume, to provide a basis to improve our understanding of the neurobiological basis of dependent personality disorder (DPD). DTI was performed on young girls with DPD (N = 17) and young female healthy controls (N = 17). Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to examine microstructural characteristics. Gray matter volume differences between the two groups were investigated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between distinct brain areas of white matter and gray matter and the Dy score on the MMPI. The DPD had significantly higher fractional anisotropy (FA) values than the HC group in the right retrolenticular part of the internal capsule, right external capsule, the corpus callosum, right posterior thalamic radiation (include optic radiation), right cerebral peduncle (p < 0.05), which was strongly positively correlated with the Dy score of MMPI. The volume of gray matter in the right postcentral gyrus and left cuneus in DPD was significantly increased (p < 0.05), which was strongly positively correlated with the Dy score of MMPI (r1,2= 0.467,0.353; p1,2 = 0.005,0.04). Our results provide new insights into the changes in the brain structure in DPD, which suggests that alterations in the brain structure might implicate the pathophysiology of DPD. Possible visual and somatosensory association with motor nerve circuits in DPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Cui
- Weifang Mental Health Center, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | | | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- First Clinical Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yueji Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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4
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Pintos Lobo R, Bottenhorn KL, Riedel MC, Toma AI, Hare MM, Smith DD, Moor AC, Cowan IK, Valdes JA, Bartley JE, Salo T, Boeving ER, Pankey B, Sutherland MT, Musser ED, Laird AR. Neural systems underlying RDoC social constructs: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104971. [PMID: 36436737 PMCID: PMC9843621 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroscientists have sought to identify the underlying neural systems supporting social processing that allow interaction and communication, forming social relationships, and navigating the social world. Through the use of NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, we evaluated consensus among studies that examined brain activity during social tasks to elucidate regions comprising the "social brain". We examined convergence across tasks corresponding to the four RDoC social constructs, including Affiliation and Attachment, Social Communication, Perception and Understanding of Self, and Perception and Understanding of Others. We performed a series of coordinate-based meta-analyses using the activation likelihood estimate (ALE) method. Meta-analysis was performed on whole-brain coordinates reported from 864 fMRI contrasts using the NiMARE Python package, revealing convergence in medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, temporoparietal junction, bilateral insula, amygdala, fusiform gyrus, precuneus, and thalamus. Additionally, four separate RDoC-based meta-analyses revealed differential convergence associated with the four social constructs. These outcomes highlight the neural support underlying these social constructs and inform future research on alterations among neurotypical and atypical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine L Bottenhorn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Afra I Toma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megan M Hare
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Donisha D Smith
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra C Moor
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isis K Cowan
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Javier A Valdes
- College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jessica E Bartley
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Taylor Salo
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emily R Boeving
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brianna Pankey
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Erica D Musser
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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5
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Pisauro MA, Fouragnan EF, Arabadzhiyska DH, Apps MAJ, Philiastides MG. Neural implementation of computational mechanisms underlying the continuous trade-off between cooperation and competition. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6873. [PMID: 36369180 PMCID: PMC9652314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social interactions evolve continuously. Sometimes we cooperate, sometimes we compete, while at other times we strategically position ourselves somewhere in between to account for the ever-changing social contexts around us. Research on social interactions often focuses on a binary dichotomy between competition and cooperation, ignoring people's evolving shifts along a continuum. Here, we develop an economic game - the Space Dilemma - where two players change their degree of cooperativeness over time in cooperative and competitive contexts. Using computational modelling we show how social contexts bias choices and characterise how inferences about others' intentions modulate cooperativeness. Consistent with the modelling predictions, brain regions previously linked to social cognition, including the temporo-parietal junction, dorso-medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus, encode social prediction errors and context-dependent signals, correlating with shifts along a cooperation-competition continuum. These results provide a comprehensive account of the computational and neural mechanisms underlying the continuous trade-off between cooperation and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pisauro
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - E F Fouragnan
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Brain Research Imaging Center and School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - D H Arabadzhiyska
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M A J Apps
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M G Philiastides
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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6
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Kowalski CM, Rogoza R, Saklofske DH, Schermer JA. Dark triads, tetrads, tents, and cores: Why navigate (research) the jungle of dark personality models without a compass (criterion)? Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 221:103455. [PMID: 34864320 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review summarizes and evaluates the present state of the Dark Triad research literature (or more broadly, the dark personality trait literature), and as such serves both a pedagogical purpose, by providing an introduction or primer on the dark personality literature and a scientific purpose by directing future research on key issues that still have not been sufficiently addressed. In this review, we discuss and critique current operational conceptualizations of what it means for a personality trait to be classified as 'dark'. Also discussed is the Dark Core, as well as quantitative issues such as limitations of commonly used statistical treatments, such as multivariate analyses, bifactor modeling, and composite measures, and proposed solutions to some of these issues. Based on a comprehensive and critical appraisal of the literature, future directions are suggested to drive the dark trait field towards a more organized, parsimonious, and productive future.
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7
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Tsuruha E, Tsukiura T. Effects of Aging on the Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Recollection of Memories Encoded by Social Interactions With Persons in the Same and Different Age Groups. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:743064. [PMID: 34566597 PMCID: PMC8462460 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.743064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memories related to ingroup members are remembered more accurately than those related to outgroup members. However, little is known about the age-dependent differences in neural mechanisms underlying the retrieval of memories shared with ingroup or outgroup members that are categorized by age-group membership. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated this issue. Healthy young and older adults participated in a 2-day experiment. On the first day outside fMRI, participants were presented with words by unfamiliar persons in movie clips and exchanged each word with persons belonging to the same age group (SAG) or different age group (DAG). On the second day during fMRI, participants were randomly presented with learned and new words one by one, and they judged whether each word had been encoded with either SAG or DAG members or neither. fMRI results demonstrated that an age-dependent decrease in successful retrieval activation of memories presented by DAG was identified in the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) and hippocampus, whereas with memories presented by SAG, an age-dependent decrease in activation was not found in any regions. In addition, an age-dependent decrease in functional connectivity was significant between the hippocampus/ATL and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) during the successful retrieval of memories encoded with the DAG people. The “other”-related mechanisms including the hippocampus, ATL, and pSTS with memories learned with the outgroup members could decrease in older adults, whereas with memories learned with the ingroup members, the “self”-related mechanisms could be relatively preserved in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tsuruha
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsukiura
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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Li Q, Yan J, Liao J, Zhang X, Liu L, Fu X, Tan HY, Zhang D, Yan H. Distinct Effects of Social Stress on Working Memory in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Neurosci Bull 2020; 37:81-93. [PMID: 33000423 PMCID: PMC7811969 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress might exaggerate the compulsion and impair the working memory of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study evaluated the effect of stress on the cognitive neural processing of working memory in OCD and its clinical significance using a "number calculation working memory" task. Thirty-eight patients and 55 gender- and education-matched healthy controls were examined. Stress impaired the performance of the manipulation task in patients. Healthy controls showed less engagement of the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum during the task under stress versus less stress, which was absent in the patients with OCD. The diagnosis × stress interaction effect was significant in the right fusiform, supplementary motor area, precentral cortex and caudate. The failure of suppression of the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum and stress-related hyperactivation in the right fusiform, supplementary motor area, precentral cortex, and caudate might be an OCD-related psychopathological and neural response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jinmin Liao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hao Yang Tan
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dai Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China. .,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871, China. .,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Hao Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
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9
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Wang M, Li J, Li D, Zhu C. Anodal tDCS Over the Right Temporoparietal Junction Lowers Overbidding in Contests. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:528. [PMID: 31244591 PMCID: PMC6580155 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Overbidding, which means bidding over the Nash equilibrium, is commonly observed in competitive social interactions, such as a contest or auction. Recent neuroscience studies show that the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) is related to overbidding and associated with inferring the intentions of others during competitive interactions. The present study investigates the neural underpinnings of overbidding and how the rTPJ impacts bidding behavior by using tDCS to modulate the activation of the rTPJ. Participants completed a two-person proportional prize contest, in which overbidding was frequently observed and each participant's share of the prize was equal to the individual's expenditure divided by the aggregated expenditure. We observed a significant tDCS effect, i.e., participants' average expenditure and overbidding rate were significantly reduced in the anodal stimulation compared with the cathodal and sham stimulation. Possible explanations include that enhanced activity in the rTPJ via the anodal stimulation increased the accuracy of a participant's inference of the strategies of others, or a participant's concern for others, and thus helped the participant bid optimally. Our findings provide evidence supporting that the activation of the rTPJ in contests affects overbidding and bidding strategy, and further confirm that the rTPJ is involved in the inference of mental states in a competition context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minda Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianbiao Li
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Economics and Management, Binhai College, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dahui Li
- Labovitz School of Business & Economics, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Chengkang Zhu
- Reinhard Selten Laboratory, China Academy of Corporate Governance, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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10
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Jiang Q, Hou L, Wang H, Li C. The Effect of Cognitive Reappraisal on Reactive Aggression: An fMRI Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1903. [PMID: 30459667 PMCID: PMC6232925 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of empirical researches have shown that reactive aggression, which is the behavior that is impulsive, thoughtless, driven by anger, and causes harm toward another individual, can lead to a series of negative effects. Cognitive reappraisal may have the potential to reduce reactive aggression, but evidence for this effect in healthy populations is lacking. We randomly assigned participants to a Reappraisal Group (n = 19) or Control Group (n = 20) in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) version of the well-established Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP). TAP was employed to elicit and measure reactive aggression, during which participants were informed that they would play a competitive reaction time task against two opponents in turn and the winner would punish the loser. The TAP used in this study separates the decision-making (during which participants were asked to set a punishment level for the opponent) and affective processes (during which the punishment was applied or received) that underlie reactive aggression. Behavioral data showed that there was no difference between the Reappraisal Group and Control Group in the punishment level selections (i.e., reactive aggression). However, on the neural level, cognitive reappraisal reduced the activation of left insula, right cuneus, and right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) during the decision phase, independently of the level of provocation. In addition, cognitive reappraisal reduced the activation of the caudate under the provocative condition when making decisions about aggressive behavior. The results of the outcome phase showed that, after winning a competition, cognitive reappraisal increased the activation of the right orbital middle frontal gyrus (OMFG) under the provocative condition and reduced the activation of the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA) under the non-provocative condition. The results suggest that cognitive reappraisal would be effective in modulating the neural activity of reactive aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Institution of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Jiang,
| | - Lulu Hou
- Institution of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanzhen Wang
- Institution of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changran Li
- Institution of Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Lee M, Ahn HS, Kwon SK, Kim SI. Cooperative and Competitive Contextual Effects on Social Cognitive and Empathic Neural Responses. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:218. [PMID: 29950978 PMCID: PMC6008551 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to differentiate the neural responses to cooperative and competitive contexts, which are the two of the most important social contexts in human society. Healthy male college students were asked to complete a Tetris-like task requiring mental rotation skills under individual, cooperative, and competitive contexts in an fMRI scanner. While the participants completed the task, pictures of others experiencing pain evoking emotional empathy randomly appeared to capture contextual effects on empathic neural responses. Behavioral results indicated that, in the presence of cooperation, participants solved the tasks more accurately and quickly than what they did when in the presence of competition. The fMRI results revealed activations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) related to executive functions and theory of mind when participants performed the task under both cooperative and competitive contexts, whereas no activation of such areas was observed in the individual context. Cooperation condition exhibited stronger neural responses in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dmPFC than competition condition. Competition condition, however, showed marginal neural responses in the cerebellum and anterior insular cortex (AIC). The two social contexts involved stronger empathic neural responses to other's pain than the individual context, but no substantial differences between cooperation and competition were present. Regions of interest analyses revealed that individual's trait empathy modulated the neural activity in the state empathy network, the AIC, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) depending on the social context. These results suggest that cooperation improves task performance and activates neural responses associated with reward and mentalizing. Furthermore, the interaction between trait- and state-empathy was explored by correlation analyses between individual's trait empathy score and changing empathic brain activations along with the exposure to the cooperative and competitive social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhye Lee
- Department of Education, Brain and Motivation Research Institute (bMRI), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seon Ahn
- Center for Teaching, Learning, and Technology, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Soon Koo Kwon
- Education Performance Evaluation Center, Dankook University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Sung-il Kim
- Department of Education, Brain and Motivation Research Institute (bMRI), Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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12
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Sapey-Triomphe LA, Centelles L, Roth M, Fonlupt P, Hénaff MA, Schmitz C, Assaiante C. Deciphering human motion to discriminate social interactions: a developmental neuroimaging study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:340-351. [PMID: 28008075 PMCID: PMC5390742 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-verbal communication plays a major role in social interaction understanding. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we explored the development of the neural networks involved in social interaction recognition based on human motion in children (8–11), adolescents (13–17), and adults (20–41). Participants watched point-light videos depicting two actors interacting or moving independently and were asked whether these agents were interacting or not. All groups successfully performed the discrimination task, but children had a lower performance and longer response times than the older groups. In all three groups, the posterior parts of the superior temporal sulci and middle temporal gyri, the inferior frontal gyri and the anterior temporal lobes showed greater activation when observing social interactions. In addition, adolescents and adults recruited the caudate nucleus and some frontal regions that are part of the mirror system. Adults showed greater activations in parietal and frontal regions (part of them belonging to the social brain) than adolescents. An increased number of regions that are part of the mirror system network or the social brain, as well as the caudate nucleus, were recruited with age. In conclusion, a shared set of brain regions enabling the discrimination of social interactions from neutral movements through human motion is already present in 8-year-old children. Developmental processes such as refinements in the social brain and mirror system would help grasping subtle cues in non-verbal aspects of social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie-Anne Sapey-Triomphe
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, F-69000, France.,University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurie Centelles
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, FR 3512, Marseille, France
| | - Muriel Roth
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INT UMR 7289, Centre IRM Fonctionnelle, CHU La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Fonlupt
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, F-69000, France.,University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Marie-Anne Hénaff
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, F-69000, France.,University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Christina Schmitz
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, CRNL, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon, F-69000, France.,University Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France
| | - Christine Assaiante
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC UMR 7291, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, FR 3512, Marseille, France
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13
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Avoidant Responses to Interpersonal Provocation Are Associated with Increased Amygdala and Decreased Mentalizing Network Activity. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0337-16. [PMID: 28660251 PMCID: PMC5485378 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0337-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
When intentionally pushed or insulted, one can either flee from the provoker or retaliate. The implementation of such fight-or-flight decisions is a central aspect in the genesis and evolution of aggression episodes, yet it is usually investigated only indirectly or in nonsocial situations. In the present fMRI study, we aimed to distinguish brain regions associated with aggressive and avoidant responses to interpersonal provocation in humans. Participants (thirty-six healthy young women) could either avoid or face a highly (HP) and a lowly (LP) provoking opponent in a competitive reaction time task: the fight-or-escape (FOE) paradigm. Subjects avoided the HP more often, but retaliated when facing her. Moreover, they chose to fight the HP more quickly, and showed increased heart rate (HR) right before confronting her. Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and sensorimotor cortex were more active when participants decided to fight, whereas the mentalizing network was engaged when deciding to avoid. Importantly, avoiding the HP relative to the LP was associated with both higher activation in the right basolateral amygdala and lower relative activity in several mentalizing regions [e.g., medial and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), temporal-parietal junction (TPJ)]. These results suggest that avoidant responses to provocation might result from heightened threat anticipation and are associated with reduced perspective taking. Furthermore, our study helps to reconcile conflicting findings on the role of the mentalizing network, the amygdala, and the OFC in aggression.
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Abstract
Social neuroscience studies have shown that the ventral striatum (VS), a highly reward-sensitive brain area, is activated when participants win competitive tasks. However, in these settings winning often entails both avoiding punishment and punishing the opponent. It is thus unclear whether the rewarding properties of winning are mainly associated to punishment avoidance, or if punishing the opponent can be additionally gratifying. In the present paper we explored the neurophysiological correlates of each outcome, aiming to better understand the development of aggression episodes. We previously introduced a competitive reaction time task that separates both effects: in half of the won trials, participants can physically punish their opponent (active trials), whereas in the other half they can only avoid a punishment (passive trials). We performed functional connectivity analysis seeded in the VS to test for differential network interactions in active compared to passive trials. The VS showed greater connectivity with areas involved in reward valuation (orbitofrontal cortex), arousal (dorsal thalamus and posterior insula), attention (inferior occipital gyrus), and motor control (supplementary motor area) in active compared to passive trials, whereas connectivity between the VS and the inferior frontal gyrus decreased. Interindividual variability in connectivity strength between VS and posterior insula was related to aggressive behavior, whereas connectivity between VS and supplementary motor area was related to faster reaction times in active trials. Our results suggest that punishing a provoking opponent when winning might adaptively favor a "competitive state" in the course of an aggressive interaction.
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15
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Sugimoto H, Shigemune Y, Tsukiura T. Competing against a familiar friend: Interactive mechanism of the temporo-parietal junction with the reward-related regions during episodic encoding. Neuroimage 2016; 130:261-272. [PMID: 26892860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition enhances learning under certain circumstances. However, little is known about how the neural mechanisms involved in a competition during the episodic encoding are modulated by the social distance of personal relationships with opponents. To investigate this issue, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we scanned healthy young adults during a competition with their familiar friends and unfamiliar others in the episodic encoding. Three major findings emerged from this study. First, activations in the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) were significantly greater in the competition with familiar friends than with unfamiliar others, and the activations in this region were significantly correlated with the subjective ratings of motivation. Second, striatum and amygdala activations increased by the competition with familiar friends were significantly correlated with the increased ratings of pleasantness, which reflected emotionally positive feelings in victory for the competition with familiar opponents. Third, the functional connectivity between the rTPJ and reward-related regions, including the striatum and substantia nigra, was higher in the competition with familiar friends than with unfamiliar others. Taken together with our behavioral findings, in which memories encoded by competing with familiar friends were remembered more accurately than those with unfamiliar others, the interacting mechanisms between the rTPJ that is involved in social motivation and the reward-related regions that are involved in social reward could contribute to the enhancement of memories encoded in the competition with familiar others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yayoi Shigemune
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsukiura
- Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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16
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Abstract
The right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in intention understanding during interpersonal interactions. To examine how prior experience of cooperation and competition affects one's right IFG activation in the subsequent interaction, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) we simultaneously measured paired participants' bilateral IFG activations during a turn-taking game. Participant pairs were assigned to either one of two roles: a Builder taking the initial move to copy a target disk-pattern on monitor and the Partner taking the second move to aid in (cooperation) or to obstruct (competition) the Builder. The experiment consisted of two sessions. One participant (B-P) played as a Builder (B-) in session 1 and changed the role to the Partner (-P) in session 2, and vice versa for the paired participant (P-B). NIRS data in competition demonstrated that the Builder (B-) being obstructed in session 1 showed higher right IFG activation when (s)he took a role of obstructor (-P) in session 2 (the obstructed effect), whereas "the cooperated effect" was not revealed in cooperation. These results suggest that prior experience of being obstructed may facilitate understanding of the Builder and/or the obstructor's tactical move, thereby increasing his/her right IFG activation when one is meant to obstruct in subsequent competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- a Department of Psychology , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hirofumi Saito
- b Department of Cognitive Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Misato Oi
- b Department of Cognitive Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
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17
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Bereczkei T, Papp P, Kincses P, Bodrogi B, Perlaki G, Orsi G, Deak A. The neural basis of the Machiavellians’ decision making in fair and unfair situations. Brain Cogn 2015; 98:53-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Liu T, Saito H, Oi M. Role of the right inferior frontal gyrus in turn-based cooperation and competition: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Cogn 2015; 99:17-23. [PMID: 26189111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interpersonal interaction can be classified into two types: concurrent and turn-based interaction, requiring synchronized body-movement and complementary behaviors across persons, respectively. To examine the neural mechanism of turn-based interaction, we simultaneously measured paired participants activations in their bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in a turn-taking game using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Pairs of participants were assigned to either one of two roles (game builder and the partner) in the game. The builder's task was to make a copy of a target disk-pattern by placing disks on a monitor, while the partner's task was to aid the builder in his/her goal (cooperation condition) or to obstruct it (competition condition). The builder always took the initial move and the partner followed. The NIRS data demonstrated an interaction of role (builder vs. partner) by task-type (cooperation vs. competition) in the right IFG. The builder in the cooperation condition showed higher activation than the cooperator, but the same builder in the competition condition showed lower activation than in the cooperation condition. The activations in the competitor-builder pairs showed positive correlation between their right IFG, but the activations in the cooperator-builder pairs did not. These results suggest that the builder's activation in the right IFG is reduced/increased in the context of interacting with a cooperative/competitive partner. Also, the competitor may actively trace the builder's disk manipulation, leading to deeper mind-set synchronization in the competition condition, while the cooperator may passively follow the builder's move, leading to shallower mind-set synchronization in the cooperation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Hirofumi Saito
- Department of Cognitive Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Misato Oi
- Department of Cognitive Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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19
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Bereczkei T. The manipulative skill: Cognitive devices and their neural correlates underlying Machiavellian's decision making. Brain Cogn 2015; 99:24-31. [PMID: 26189112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Until now, Machiavellianism has mainly been studied in personality and social psychological framework, and little attention has been paid to the underlying cognitive and neural equipment. In light of recent findings, Machiavellian social skills are not limited to emotion regulation and "cold-mindedness" as many authors have recently stated, but linked to specific cognitive abilities. Although Machiavellians appear to have a relatively poor mindreading ability and emotional intelligence, they can efficiently exploit others which is likely to come from their flexible problem solving processes in changing environmental circumstances. The author proposed that Machiavellians have specialized cognitive domains of decision making, such as monitoring others' behavior, task orientation, reward seeking, inhibition of cooperative feelings, and choosing victims. He related the relevant aspects of cognitive functions to their neurological substrates, and argued why they make Machiavellians so successful in interpersonal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Bereczkei
- Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
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20
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Better you lose than I do: neural networks involved in winning and losing in a real time strictly competitive game. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11017. [PMID: 26047332 PMCID: PMC4650644 DOI: 10.1038/srep11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many situations in daily life require competing with others for the same goal. In this case, the joy of winning is tied to the fact that the rival suffers. In this fMRI study participants played a competitive game against another player, in which every trial had opposite consequences for the two players (i.e., if one player won, the other lost, or vice versa). Our main aim was to disentangle brain activation for two different types of winning. Participants could either win a trial in a way that it increased their payoff; or they could win a trial in a way that it incurred a monetary loss to their opponent. Two distinct brain networks were engaged in these two types of winning. Wins with a monetary gain activated the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, an area associated with the processing of rewards. In contrast, avoidance of loss/other-related monetary loss evoked activation in areas related to mentalizing, such as the temporo-parietal junction and precuneus. However, both types of winnings shared activation in the striatum. Our findings extend recent evidence from neuroeconomics by suggesting that we consider our conspecifics' payoff even when we directly compete with them.
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21
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Pfeiffer UJ, Schilbach L, Timmermans B, Kuzmanovic B, Georgescu AL, Bente G, Vogeley K. Why we interact: On the functional role of the striatum in the subjective experience of social interaction. Neuroimage 2014; 101:124-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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22
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De Dreu CKW, Scholte HS, van Winden FAAM, Ridderinkhof KR. Oxytocin tempers calculated greed but not impulsive defense in predator-prey contests. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:721-8. [PMID: 25140047 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cooperation and competition is modulated by oxytocin, a hypothalamic neuropeptide that functions as both hormone and neurotransmitter. Oxytocin's functions can be captured in two explanatory yet largely contradictory frameworks: the fear-dampening (FD) hypothesis that oxytocin has anxiolytic effects and reduces fear-motivated action; and the social approach/avoidance (SAA) hypothesis that oxytocin increases cooperative approach and facilitates protection against aversive stimuli and threat. We tested derivations from both frameworks in a novel predator-prey contest game. Healthy males given oxytocin or placebo invested as predator to win their prey's endowment, or as prey to protect their endowment against predation. Neural activity was registered using 3T-MRI. In prey, (fear-motivated) investments were fast and conditioned on the amygdala. Inconsistent with FD, oxytocin did not modulate neural and behavioral responding in prey. In predators, (greed-motivated) investments were slower, and conditioned on the superior frontal gyrus (SFG). Consistent with SAA, oxytocin reduced predator investment, time to decide and activation in SFG. Thus, whereas oxytocin does not incapacitate the impulsive ability to protect and defend oneself, it lowers the greedy and more calculated appetite for coming out ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten K W De Dreu
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and CREED - Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and CREED - Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and CREED - Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Steven Scholte
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and CREED - Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and CREED - Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans A A M van Winden
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and CREED - Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and CREED - Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Richard Ridderinkhof
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and CREED - Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, 1018 VZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and CREED - Amsterdam School of Economics, University of Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Cohn M, St-Laurent M, Barnett A, McAndrews MP. Social inference deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy and lobectomy: risk factors and neural substrates. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:636-44. [PMID: 25062843 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In temporal lobe epilepsy and lobectomy, deficits in emotion identification have been found consistently, but there is limited evidence for complex social inference skills such as theory of mind. Furthermore, risk factors and the specific neural underpinnings of these deficits in this population are unclear. We investigated these issues using a comprehensive range of social inference tasks (emotion identification and comprehension of sincere, deceitful and sarcastic social exchanges) in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy or lobectomy (n = 87). We observed deficits across patient groups which were partly related to the presence of mesial temporal lobe sclerosis, early age of seizure onset and left lobectomy. A voxel-based morphometry analysis conducted in the pre-operative group confirmed the importance of the temporal lobe by showing a relationship between left hippocampal atrophy and overall social inference abilities, and between left anterior neocortex atrophy and sarcasm comprehension. These findings are in keeping with theoretical proposals that the hippocampus is critical for binding diverse elements in cognitive domains beyond canonical episodic memory operations, and that the anterior temporal cortex is a convergence zone of higher-order perceptual and emotional processes, and of stored representations. As impairments were frequent, we require further investigation of this behavioural domain and its impact on the lives of people with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Cohn
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre at Toronto Western Hospital - UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, and Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada Krembil Neuroscience Centre at Toronto Western Hospital - UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, and Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marie St-Laurent
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre at Toronto Western Hospital - UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, and Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Barnett
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre at Toronto Western Hospital - UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, and Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Pat McAndrews
- Krembil Neuroscience Centre at Toronto Western Hospital - UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, and Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada Krembil Neuroscience Centre at Toronto Western Hospital - UHN, Toronto, ON, Canada, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, and Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Multivariate classification of social anxiety disorder using whole brain functional connectivity. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 220:101-15. [PMID: 24072164 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is accompanied by abnormalities in brain functional connections. However, these findings are based on group comparisons, and, therefore, little is known about whether functional connections could be used in the diagnosis of an individual patient with SAD. Here, we explored the potential of the functional connectivity to be used for SAD diagnosis. Twenty patients with SAD and 20 healthy controls were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The whole brain was divided into 116 regions based on automated anatomical labeling atlas. The functional connectivity between each pair of regions was computed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and used as classification feature. Multivariate pattern analysis was then used to classify patients from healthy controls. The pattern classifier was designed using linear support vector machine. Experimental results showed a correct classification rate of 82.5 % (p < 0.001) with sensitivity of 85.0 % and specificity of 80.0 %, using a leave-one-out cross-validation method. It was found that the consensus connections used to distinguish SAD were largely located within or across the default mode network, visual network, sensory-motor network, affective network, and cerebellar regions. Specifically, the right orbitofrontal region exhibited the highest weight in classification. The current study demonstrated that functional connectivity had good diagnostic potential for SAD, thus providing evidence for the possible use of whole brain functional connectivity as a complementary tool in clinical diagnosis. In addition, this study confirmed previous work and described novel pathophysiological mechanisms of SAD.
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25
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Beyer F, Münte TF, Erdmann C, Krämer UM. Emotional reactivity to threat modulates activity in mentalizing network during aggression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:1552-60. [PMID: 23986265 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggression is a common response to provocation, albeit with considerable interindividual differences. In this fMRI study, we investigated emotional reactivity to threat as possible link between provocation and aggression, as well as the neural correlates of this relationship. We hypothesized that emotional reactivity, measured as fear potentiation (FP) of the startle response, would be negatively associated with aggressive behavior and would modulate neural activity during an aggressive interaction. In 30 healthy female participants, FP was measured as the difference between blink amplitudes while watching threatening vs neutral pictures. Participants subsequently engaged in a variant of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP), while being scanned. During the TAP, participants selected a punishment level for either a highly provoking or a nonprovoking opponent. There was no difference in aggressive behavior between participants high and low in FP. However, we found a negative correlation between FP and the neural provocation effect in several regions of a network previously associated with mentalizing including the medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus and the temporo-parietal junction. Independently of the FP variability, aggressive behavior correlated with the provocation effect on activity in the caudate nucleus. Our results indicate that during a provocative confrontation, high emotional reactivity to threat suppresses recruitment of the mentalizing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Beyer
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, RatzeburgerAllee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, RatzeburgerAllee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Erdmann
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, RatzeburgerAllee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany Department of Neurology and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, RatzeburgerAllee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrike M Krämer
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neuroradiology, University of Lübeck, RatzeburgerAllee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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26
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Bereczkei T, Deak A, Papp P, Perlaki G, Orsi G. Neural correlates of Machiavellian strategies in a social dilemma task. Brain Cogn 2013; 82:108-16. [PMID: 23548839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In spite of having deficits in various areas of social cognition, especially in mindreading, Machiavellian individuals are typically very successful in different tasks, including solving social dilemmas. We assume that a profound examination of neural structures associated with decision-making processes is needed to learn more about Machiavellians' abilities in exploiting other people. More specifically, we predicted that high-Mach people would show elevated activity in the brain areas involved in reward-seeking, anticipation of risky situations, and inference making. To test this hypothesis, we used an fMRI technique to examine individuals as they played the Trust Game. In accordance with our predictions, we found consistent activation in high-Machs' thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex (player 1), and dorsal anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus (player 2). We suggest that Machiavellians conduct specific neural operations in social dilemma situations that make them successful in exploiting others. Machiavellians may have cognitive heuristics that enable them to make predictions about the future reward in a basically risky and unpredictable situation.
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27
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Zeng J, Zou Y, Zhang Q. Social competition factor influences the neural response to rewards: an ERP study. Brain Res 2013; 1501:12-20. [PMID: 23357471 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To study if the neural system responds the same or differently to the same rewards in different social competition conditions, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded as 18 participants engaged in two kinds of decision tasks. In the auction condition (the competition condition), participants were instructed to bid against their competitors and then informed the outcome (failing and gaining no money, or winning and gaining a certain amount of money); in the lottery condition (the neutral condition), subjects were asked to play a lottery against the computer and then informed the outcome (the same as in auction). Scalp ERPs revealed that, in the outcome phase, failing (rewards=0) in auction induced a larger late positive complex response (in the time window of 700-1200ms) than that in lottery; while winning (rewards>0) in lottery induced a larger late positive complex response (in the time window of 500-800ms) than that in auction. The present data suggest, when evaluating rewards, our neural systems care about not only rewards themselves, but also how the rewards have been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zeng
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, China.
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Talati A, Pantazatos SP, Schneier FR, Weissman MM, Hirsch J. Gray matter abnormalities in social anxiety disorder: primary, replication, and specificity studies. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:75-84. [PMID: 22748614 PMCID: PMC3465490 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing evidence that neuroanatomical abnormalities underlie pathological anxiety, social anxiety disorder (SAD)-although among the most common of anxiety disorders-has received little attention. With magnetic resonance imaging, we: 1) examined gray matter (GM) differences between generalized SAD and healthy control groups; 2) retested the findings in an independent clinical sample; and 3) tested for specificity by contrasting the SAD group to a separate group of panic disorder (PD) subjects. METHODS The primary SAD group (n = 16) was required to meet DSM-IV criteria for SAD, with onset by age 30 years; control subjects (n = 20) had no lifetime history of anxiety. The replication sample included 17 generalized SAD and 17 control subjects. The PD comparison group (n = 16) was required to have no lifetime SAD. Images were acquired on a 1.5-Tesla GE Signa magnetic resonance imaging scanner with a three-dimensional T1-weighted spoiled gradient recalled pulse sequence. Morphological differences were determined with voxel-based morphometry, in SPM8. RESULTS After adjusting for age, gender, and total intracranial volume, SAD (as compared with control) subjects had greater GM in the left parahippocampal and middle occipital, and bilateral supramarginal and angular cortices, and left cerebellum; and lower GM in bilateral temporal poles and left lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebellar, parahippocampal, and temporal pole differences were observed in both samples, survived whole brain corrections, and were not observed in the PD group, pointing to relative specificity to SAD. CONCLUSIONS These findings parallel the functional literature on SAD and suggest structural abnormalities underlying the functional disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardesheer Talati
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State PsychiatricInstitute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Spiro P. Pantazatos
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY,Program for Imaging and Cognitive Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Franklin R. Schneier
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY,Division of Clinical Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Myrna M Weissman
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY,Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Joy Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY,Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY,Program for Imaging and Cognitive Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY
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